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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Consolidated Income Loss Before Taxes for Domestic and Foreign
Consolidated income (loss) before taxes for United States ("U.S.") and foreign operations consisted of the following (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
United States $142,775 $339,513 $(264,323)
Foreign142,608 (1,039,549)(747,193)
Total$285,383 $(700,036)$(1,011,516)
Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes
The income tax provision (benefit) attributable to income before income taxes is as follows (in thousands):
December 31,
202320222021
Current
U.S. Federal$(248)$825 $— 
U.S. State6,337 2,882 — 
Foreign(194)2,510 2,746 
Total5,895 6,217 2,746 
Deferred
U.S. Federal(483,786)1,450 (176)
U.S. State(20,310)1,674 (20)
Foreign1,367 (9)(2,076)
Total(502,729)3,115 (2,272)
Total income tax provision (benefit)$(496,834)$9,332 $474 
Income Taxes (Federal Statutory Corporate Tax Rate)
The reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory tax rate to the actual tax rate is as follows:
December 31,
202320222021
U.S. Federal statutory rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
State tax(2.8)%0.3 %1.6 %
Foreign tax credits, net of valuation allowance(139.8)%12.5 %0.7 %
Non-taxable foreign income(9.6)%(5.7)%(3.0)%
Foreign tax rate differential0.4 %(17.0)%(9.4)%
Valuation allowance, other(43.8)%(3.1)%(6.8)%
Other, net0.5 %(9.3)%(4.1)%
Effective income tax rate(174.1)%(1.3)% %
Net Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
The tax effects of significant temporary differences representing net deferred tax assets and liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
20232022
Deferred tax assets—U.S.:
Foreign tax credit carryforwards$1,244,149 $1,917,822 
Disallowed interest expense carryforward156,224 164,676 
Net operating loss carryforward160,778 107,407 
Lease liability371,032 366,519 
Property and equipment50,903 15,220 
Receivables, inventories, accrued liabilities and other21,854 16,610 
Stock-based compensation9,984 8,332 
Other tax credit carryforwards19,813 11,289 
Intangibles and related other41,914 25,423 
Other— 5,849 
2,076,651 2,639,147 
Less: valuation allowance (1,172,982)(2,253,912)
903,669 385,235 
Deferred tax liabilities—U.S.:
Leased asset(371,032)(366,519)
Prepaid insurance, maintenance and taxes(16,186)(14,138)
Property and equipment— (194)
Other(15,584)(7,612)
(402,802)(388,463)
Deferred tax assets—Foreign:
Net operating loss carryforwards78,842 109,114 
Property and equipment87,849 74,439 
Other 3,275 3,688 
169,966 187,241 
Less: valuation allowance (167,599)(183,290)
2,367 3,951 
Deferred tax liabilities—Foreign:
Property and equipment(2,357)(2,628)
(2,357)(2,628)
Net deferred tax asset (liability) $500,877 $(1,905)
Summary of Valuation Allowances
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had valuation allowances provided on its deferred tax assets as follows (in thousands):
December 31,
20232022
Foreign tax credits$941,249 $1,912,955 
Disallowed interest expense carryforwards— 157,990 
Intangible assets46,084 27,164 
U.S. loss carryforwards160,778 107,407 
Other U.S. deferred tax assets24,872 48,396 
Foreign loss carryforwards80,569 109,283 
Other foreign deferred tax assets87,029 74,007 
Total$1,340,581 $2,437,202 
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits
The Company had the following activity for unrecognized tax benefits as follows (in thousands):
December 31,
202320222021
Balance at beginning of period$135,979 $141,515 $107,661 
Increases based on tax positions of the current year15,818 12,068 14,079 
Increases based on tax positions of prior years— — 66,043 
Reductions based on tax positions of prior years— (2,637)(35,633)
Reductions due to lapse in statutes of limitations(16,126)(14,967)(10,635)
Balance at end of period$135,671 $135,979 $141,515