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RETIREMENT ANNUITY AND GUARANTEED CONTINUOUS EMPLOYMENT PLANS | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2017
General Discussion of Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits [Abstract] |
RETIREMENT ANNUITY AND GUARANTEED CONTINUOUS EMPLOYMENT PLANS | RETIREMENT ANNUITY AND GUARANTEED CONTINUOUS EMPLOYMENT PLANS The Company maintains a number of defined benefit and defined contribution plans to provide retirement benefits for employees. These plans are maintained and contributions are made in accordance with the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ("ERISA"), local statutory law or as determined by the Board of Directors. The plans generally provide benefits based upon years of service and compensation. Pension plans are funded except for a domestic non-qualified pension plan for certain key employees and certain foreign plans. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for its plans. The Company does not have, and does not provide for, any postretirement or postemployment benefits other than pensions and certain non-U.S. statutory termination benefits. Defined Benefit Plans Contributions are made in amounts sufficient to fund current service costs on a current basis and to fund past service costs, if any, over various amortization periods. Obligations and Funded Status
|  | December 31,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016
|  | U.S. pension plans |  | Non-U.S. pension plans |  | U.S. pension plans |  | Non-U.S. pension plans
Change in benefit obligations |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Benefit obligations at beginning of year |  | $ | 484,758 |  |  | $ | 79,972 |  |  | $ | 481,345 |  |  | $ | 76,824 |
Service cost |  | 608 |  |  | 2,678 |  |  | 15,474 |  |  | 2,215 |
Interest cost |  | 19,497 |  |  | 3,253 |  |  | 20,676 |  |  | 2,902 |
Plan participants' contributions |  | — |  |  | 176 |  |  | — |  |  | 148 |
Acquisitions (1) |  | — |  |  | 100,551 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Actuarial loss (gain) |  | 46,144 |  |  | 4,926 |  |  | 20,333 |  |  | 7,671 |
Benefits paid |  | (6,409 | ) |  | (4,909 | ) |  | (29,002 | ) |  | (2,306 | )
Settlements/curtailments (2) |  | (37,523 | ) |  | (700 | ) |  | (24,068 | ) |  | — |
Currency translation |  | — |  |  | 7,576 |  |  | — |  |  | (7,482 | )
Benefit obligations at end of year |  | 507,075 |  |  | 193,523 |  |  | 484,758 |  |  | 79,972 |
Change in plan assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year |  | 528,744 |  |  | 70,341 |  |  | 502,184 |  |  | 73,917 |
Actual return on plan assets |  | 82,732 |  |  | 5,770 |  |  | 34,779 |  |  | 3,485 |
Employer contributions |  | 55 |  |  | 1,684 |  |  | 20,087 |  |  | 1,286 |
Plan participants' contributions |  | — |  |  | 176 |  |  | — |  |  | 148 |
Acquisitions (1) |  | — |  |  | 32,599 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Benefits paid |  | (5,620 | ) |  | (3,196 | ) |  | (28,306 | ) |  | (1,840 | )
Settlements (2) |  | (37,523 | ) |  | (22 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Currency translation |  | — |  |  | 5,992 |  |  | — |  |  | (6,655 | )
Fair value of plan assets at end of year |  | 568,388 |  |  | 113,344 |  |  | 528,744 |  |  | 70,341 |
Funded status at end of year |  | 61,313 |  |  | (80,179 | ) |  | 43,986 |  |  | (9,631 | )
Unrecognized actuarial net loss |  | 90,679 |  |  | 25,987 |  |  | 122,109 |  |  | 24,476 |
Unrecognized prior service cost |  | — |  |  | (11 | ) |  | — |  |  | (18 | )
Unrecognized transition assets, net |  | — |  |  | 35 |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |
Net amount recognized |  | $ | 151,992 |  |  | $ | (54,168 | ) |  | $ | 166,095 |  |  | $ | 14,864 |
(1) | Acquisitions in 2017 relate to acquisition of Air Liquide Welding as discussed in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements.
(2) | Settlements in 2017 resulting from lump sum pension payments.
In August 2015, The Lincoln Electric Company, plan sponsor of the Lincoln Electric Retirement Annuity Program ("RAP") and subsidiary of the Company, entered into an agreement to purchase a group annuity contract from The Principal Financial Group ("Principal"). Under the agreement, Principal assumed the obligation to pay future pension benefits for specified U.S. retirees and surviving beneficiaries who retired on or before June 1, 2015 and are currently receiving payments from the RAP. The transaction will not change the amount of the monthly pension benefit received by affected retirees and surviving beneficiaries. The purchase was funded by existing plan assets and required no additional cash contribution. In October 2016, The Lincoln Electric Company amended the plan to freeze all benefit accruals for participants under the RAP effective as of December 31, 2016. The RAP includes approximately 1,500 domestic employees who fully transitioned to The Lincoln Electric Company Employee Savings Plan (“Savings Plan”), a defined contribution retirement savings plan. The Company recorded pension curtailment gains of $2,206 for the year ended December 31, 2016 related to the amendment. The Company did not make significant contributions to the defined benefit plans in the United States in 2017. The after-tax amounts of unrecognized actuarial net loss, prior service costs and transition assets included in Accumulated other comprehensive loss at December 31, 2017 were $85,253, $(8) and $32, respectively. The actuarial loss represents changes in the estimated obligation not yet recognized in the Consolidated Income Statement. The pre-tax amounts of unrecognized actuarial net loss, prior service credits and transition obligations expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost during 2018 are $3,793, $1 and $3, respectively. Amounts Recognized in Consolidated Balance Sheets
|  |  |  | December 31, |  |
|  | 2017 |  | 2016
|  | U.S. pension plans |  | Non-U.S. pension plans |  | U.S. pension plans |  | Non-U.S. pension plans
Prepaid pensions (1) |  | $ | 81,485 |  |  | $ | 368 |  |  | $ | 64,169 |  |  | $ | 228 |
Accrued pension liability, current (2) |  | (5,332 | ) |  | (3,483 | ) |  | (5,064 | ) |  | (283 | )
Accrued pension liability, long-term (3) |  | (14,840 | ) |  | (77,064 | ) |  | (15,119 | ) |  | (9,576 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, excluding tax effects |  | 90,679 |  |  | 26,011 |  |  | 122,109 |  |  | 24,495 |
Net amount recognized in the balance sheets |  | $ | 151,992 |  |  | $ | (54,168 | ) |  | $ | 166,095 |  |  | $ | 14,864 |
(1) Included in Other assets. (2) Included in Other current liabilities. (3) Included in Other liabilities. Components of Pension Cost for Defined Benefit Plans
|  | Year Ended December 31,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Service cost |  | $ | 3,286 |  |  | $ | 17,689 |  |  | $ | 19,933 |
Interest cost |  | 22,750 |  |  | 23,578 |  |  | 36,002 |
Expected return on plan assets |  | (35,800 | ) |  | (35,716 | ) |  | (54,638 | )
Amortization of prior service cost |  | 15 |  |  | (394 | ) |  | (626 | )
Amortization of net loss (1) |  | 4,014 |  |  | 9,893 |  |  | 19,406 |
Settlement/curtailment loss (gain) (2) |  | 8,252 |  |  | (1,062 | ) |  | 142,738 |
Pension cost for defined benefit plans (3) |  | $ | 2,517 |  |  | $ | 13,988 |  |  | $ | 162,815 |
(1) The amortization of net loss includes a $959 charge resulting from the deconsolidation of the Venezuelan subsidiary during the year ended December 31, 2016.
(2) | Pension settlement charges for the year ended December 31, 2017 resulting from lump sum pension payments. For the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company recorded pension settlement charges of $142,738, primarily related to the purchase of the group annuity contract.
(3) | The decrease in pension cost for defined benefit plans for the year ended December 31, 2017 was due to the U.S. plan freeze effective December 31, 2016.
Pension Plans with Accumulated Benefit Obligations in Excess of Plan Assets
|  | December 31,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016
|  | U.S. pension plans |  | Non-U.S. pension plans |  | U.S. pension plans |  | Non-U.S. pension plans
Projected benefit obligation |  | $ | 26,149 |  |  | $ | 182,512 |  |  | $ | 25,731 |  |  | $ | 47,776 |
Accumulated benefit obligation |  | 25,870 |  |  | 174,667 |  |  | 25,460 |  |  | 45,128 |
Fair value of plan assets |  | 5,977 |  |  | 102,107 |  |  | 5,548 |  |  | 38,200 |
The total accumulated benefit obligation for all plans was $691,827 as of December 31, 2017 and $560,230 as of December 31, 2016. Benefit Payments for Plans Benefits expected to be paid for the plans are as follows:
| U.S. pension plans |  | Non-U.S. pension plans
Estimated Payments |  |  |
2018 | $ | 38,031 |  |  | $ | 8,129 |
2019 | 29,782 |  |  | 8,633 |
2020 | 32,547 |  |  | 8,833 |
2021 | 28,542 |  |  | 9,133 |
2022 | 28,724 |  |  | 8,756 |
2023 through 2027 | 149,468 |  |  | 44,284 |
Assumptions Weighted average assumptions used to measure the benefit obligation for the Company's significant defined benefit plans as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:
|  | December 31,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016
|  | U.S. pension plans |  | Non-U.S. pension plans |  | U.S. pension plans |  | Non-U.S. pension plans
Discount Rate |  | 3.7 | % |  | 2.0 | % |  | 4.2 | % |  | 3.3 | %
Rate of increase in compensation |  | 2.5 | % |  | 2.7 | % |  | 2.5 | % |  | 3.7 | %
Weighted average assumptions used to measure the net periodic benefit cost for the Company's significant defined benefit plans for each of the three years ended December 31 were as follows:
|  | December 31,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
|  | U.S. pension plans |  | Non-U.S. pension plans |  | U.S. pension plans |  | Non-U.S. pension plans |  | U.S. pension plans |  | Non-U.S. pension plans
Discount rate |  | 4.2 | % |  | 2.2 | % |  | 4.5 | % |  | 3.9 | % |  | 4.0 | % |  | 4.0 | %
Rate of increase in compensation |  | 2.5 | % |  | 2.5 | % |  | 2.6 | % |  | 3.7 | % |  | 2.5 | % |  | 3.9 | %
Expected return on plan assets |  | 6.0 | % |  | 4.5 | % |  | 6.2 | % |  | 5.7 | % |  | 6.4 | % |  | 5.4 | %
To develop the discount rate assumptions, the Company refers to the yield derived from matching projected pension payments with maturities of bonds rated AA or an equivalent quality. The expected long-term rate of return assumption is based on the weighted average expected return of the various asset classes in the plans' portfolio and the targeted allocation of plan assets. The asset class return is developed using historical asset return performance as well as current market conditions such as inflation, interest rates and equity market performance. The rate of compensation increase is determined by the Company based upon annual reviews. Pension Plans' Assets The primary objective of the pension plans' investment policy is to ensure sufficient assets are available to provide benefit obligations when such obligations mature. Investment management practices must comply with ERISA or any other applicable regulations and rulings. The overall investment strategy for the defined benefit pension plans' assets is to achieve a rate of return over a normal business cycle relative to an acceptable level of risk that is consistent with the long-term objectives of the portfolio. The target allocation for plan assets is 15% to 25% equity securities and 75% to 85% debt securities. The following table sets forth, by level within the fair value hierarchy, the pension plans' assets as of December 31, 2017:
|  | Pension Plans' Assets at Fair Value as of December 31, 2017
|  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 8,922 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,922 |
Equity securities (1) |  | 4,566 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,566 |
Fixed income securities (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government bonds |  | 33,205 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 33,205 |
Corporate debt and other obligations |  | — |  |  | 398,578 |  |  | — |  |  | 398,578 |
Investments measured at NAV (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common trusts and 103-12 investments (4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 199,066 |
Private equity funds (5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 37,395 |
Total investments at fair value |  | $ | 46,693 |  |  | $ | 398,578 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 681,732 |
The following table sets forth, by level within the fair value hierarchy, the pension plans' assets as of December 31, 2016:
|  | Pension Plans' Assets at Fair Value as of December 31, 2016
|  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 3,652 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,652 |
Equity securities (1) |  | 4,071 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,071 |
Fixed income securities (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government bonds |  | 20,036 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20,036 |
Corporate debt and other obligations |  | — |  |  | 134,051 |  |  | — |  |  | 134,051 |
Investments measured at NAV (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common trusts and 103-12 investments (4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 397,924 |
Private equity funds (5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 39,351 |
Total investments at fair value |  | $ | 27,759 |  |  | $ | 134,051 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 599,085 |
(1) | Equity securities are primarily comprised of corporate stock and mutual funds directly held by the plans. Equity securities are valued using the closing price reported on the active market on which the individual securities are traded.
(2) | Fixed income securities are primarily comprised of governmental and corporate bonds directly held by the plans. Governmental and corporate bonds are valued using both market observable inputs for similar assets that are traded on an active market and the closing price on the active market on which the individual securities are traded.
(3) | Certain assets that are measured at fair value using the net asset value ("NAV") practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
(4) | Common trusts and 103-12 investments (collectively "Trusts") are comprised of a number of investment funds that invest in a diverse portfolio of assets including equity securities, corporate and governmental bonds, equity and credit indexes and money markets. Trusts are valued at the NAV as determined by their custodian. NAV represents the accumulation of the unadjusted quoted close prices on the reporting date for the underlying investments divided by the total shares outstanding at the reporting dates.
(5) | Private equity funds consist of four funds seeking capital appreciation by investing in private equity investment partnerships and venture capital companies. Private equity fund valuations are based on the NAV of the underlying assets. Funds are comprised of unrestricted and restricted publicly traded securities and privately held securities. Unrestricted securities are valued at the closing market price on the reporting date. Restricted securities may be valued at a discount from such closing public market price, depending on facts and circumstances. Privately held securities are valued at fair value as determined by the fund directors and general partners.
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan The Company maintains a domestic unfunded Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan ("SERP") under which non-qualified supplemental pension benefits are paid to certain employees in addition to amounts received under the Company's qualified retirement plan which is subject to Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") limitations on covered compensation. The annual cost of this program has been included in the determination of total net pension costs shown above and was $772, $2,113 and $1,703 in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The projected benefit obligation associated with this plan is also included in the pension disclosure shown above and was $17,047, $16,738 and $14,643 at December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. In October 2016, the Company announced an amendment to freeze and vest all benefit accruals under the SERP, effective November 30, 2016. The Company recorded a curtailment loss of $1,144 for the year ended December 31, 2016 related to the amendment. The value of the frozen vested benefit was converted into an account balance and deferred. In addition, the Company created The Lincoln Electric Company Restoration Plan (“Restoration Plan”) effective January 1, 2017. The Restoration Plan is a domestic unfunded plan maintained for the purpose of providing certain employees the ability to fully participate in standard employee retirement offerings, which are limited by IRS regulations on covered compensation. Defined Contribution Plans Substantially all U.S. employees are covered under defined contribution plans. In October 2016, the Company announced a plan redesign of the Savings Plan that was effective January 1, 2017. The Savings Plan provides that eligible employees receive up to 6% of employees' annual compensation through Company matching contributions of 100% of the first 3% of employee compensation contributed to the plan, and automatic Company contributions equal to 3% of annual compensation. In addition, certain employees affected by the RAP freeze are also eligible to receive employer contributions equal to 6% of annual compensation for a minimum period of five years or to the end of the year in which they complete thirty years of service. The annual costs recognized for defined contribution plans were $25,285, $8,361 and $10,082 in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Other Benefits The Cleveland, Ohio, area operations have a Guaranteed Continuous Employment Plan covering substantially all employees which, in general, provides that the Company will provide work for at least 75% of every standard work week (presently 40 hours). This plan does not guarantee employment when the Company's ability to continue normal operations is seriously restricted by events beyond the control of the Company. The Company has reserved the right to terminate this plan effective at the end of a calendar year by giving notice of such termination not less than six months prior to the end of such year.

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