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Business segment information | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2021
Segment Reporting [Abstract] |
Business segment information | Business segment information The Company determines and presents operating segments based on the information that is internally provided to the chief operating decision maker, the (‘CODM’) in accordance with ASC 280 'Segment Reporting'. The Company determined that the CODM was comprised of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer. The Company determines and presents operating segments based on the information that is provided to the CODM. The Company operates as one single business segment, which is the provision of outsourced development services on a global basis to the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical devices industries. There have been no changes to the basis of segmentation or the measurement basis for the segment results in the period. The Company is a clinical research organization (“CRO”), providing outsourced development services on a global basis to the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device industries. It specializes in the strategic development, management and analysis of programs that support all stages of the clinical development process - from compound selection to Phase I-IV clinical studies. The Company has the expertise and capability to conduct clinical trials in most major therapeutic areas on a global basis and has the operational flexibility to provide development services on a stand-alone basis or as part of an integrated “full service” solution. The Company has expanded through both internal growth and a number of strategic acquisitions to enhance its expertise and capabilities in certain areas of the clinical development process. The Company is generally awarded projects based upon responses to requests for proposals received from companies in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device industries or work orders executed under our strategic partnership arrangements. Contracts with customers are generally entered into centrally, in most cases with ICON Clinical Research Limited (“ICON Ireland”), the Company’s principal operating subsidiary in Ireland. Revenues, which consist primarily of fees earned under these contracts, are allocated to individual entities within the Group, based on where the work is performed in accordance with the Company’s global transfer pricing model. ICON Ireland acts as the group entrepreneur under the Company’s global transfer pricing model given its role in the development and management of the Group, its ownership of key intellectual property and customer relationships, its key role in the mitigation of risks faced by the Group and its responsibility for maintaining the Company’s global network. ICON Ireland enters into the majority of the Company’s customer contracts. ICON Ireland remunerates other operating entities in the ICON Group on the basis of a guaranteed cost plus mark-up for the services they perform in each of their local territories. The cost plus mark-up for each ICON entity is established to ensure that each of ICON Ireland and the ICON entities that are involved in the conduct of services for customers, earn an appropriate arms-length return having regard to the assets owned, risks borne, and functions performed by each entity from these intercompany transactions. The cost plus mark-up policy is reviewed annually to ensure that it is market appropriate.The integration of entities acquired through the Merger into this global network and global transfer pricing model remains ongoing. The geographic split of revenue disclosed for each region outside Ireland is the cost plus revenue attributable to these entities. The residual revenues of the Group, once each ICON entity has been paid its respective intercompany service fee, generally fall to be retained by ICON Ireland. As such, revenues and income from operations in Ireland are a function of this global transfer pricing model and comprise revenues of the Group after deducting the cost plus revenues attributable to the activities performed outside Ireland. The Company's areas of operation outside of Ireland include the United States, United Kingdom, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Denmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Turkey, Ukraine, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, China (including Hong Kong), India, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, The Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. The geographical distribution of the Company’s segment measures as at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020 is as follows: a) The distribution of revenue by geographical area was as follows:
| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, 2021 |  | September 30, 2020 |  | September 30, 2021 |  | September 30, 2020
| (in thousands) |  | (in thousands)
Ireland * | $ | 358,026 |  |  | $ | 250,230 |  |  | $ | 1,029,877 |  |  | $ | 844,945 |
Rest of Europe | 471,110 |  |  | 100,635 |  |  | 710,043 |  |  | 292,453 |
U.S. | 934,014 |  |  | 285,550 |  |  | 1,599,623 |  |  | 700,483 |
Rest of World | 103,202 |  |  | 65,314 |  |  | 256,162 |  |  | 199,178 |
Total | $ | 1,866,352 |  |  | $ | 701,729 |  |  | $ | 3,595,705 |  |  | $ | 2,037,059 |
* All sales shown for Ireland are export sales. b) The distribution of income/(loss) from operations by geographical area was as follows:
| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, 2021 |  | September 30, 2020 |  | September 30, 2021 |  | September 30, 2020
| (in thousands) |  | (in thousands)
Ireland | $ | 95,478 |  |  | $ | 81,800 |  |  | $ | 270,126 |  |  | $ | 194,390 |
Rest of Europe | 92,605 |  |  | 4,713 |  |  | 109,009 |  |  | 22,529 |
U.S. ** | (159,704) |  |  | 14,399 |  |  | (133,997) |  |  | 37,667 |
Rest of World | (23,271) |  |  | 7,489 |  |  | (11,144) |  |  | 17,055 |
Total | $ | 5,108 |  |  | $ | 108,401 |  |  | $ | 233,994 |  |  | $ | 271,641 |
** The U.S geographical area currently includes the full amortization charge associated with the intangible assets acquired in the Merger. Purchase accounting remains provisional at September 30, 2021. c) The distribution of depreciation and amortization by geographical area was as follows:
| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, 2021 |  | September 30, 2020 |  | September 30, 2021 |  | September 30, 2020
| (in thousands) |  | (in thousands)
Ireland | $ | 9,012 |  |  | $ | 8,330 |  |  | $ | 26,943 |  |  | $ | 24,112 |
Rest of Europe | 3,793 |  |  | 1,631 |  |  | 6,964 |  |  | 4,623 |
U.S. ** | 125,238 |  |  | 5,673 |  |  | 136,322 |  |  | 16,886 |
Rest of World | 2,593 |  |  | 1,167 |  |  | 5,088 |  |  | 3,360 |
Total | $ | 140,636 |  |  | $ | 16,801 |  |  | $ | 175,317 |  |  | $ | 48,981 |
** The U.S geographical area currently includes the full amortization charge associated with the intangible assets acquired in the Merger. Purchase accounting remains provisional at September 30, 2021.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 31 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e8924-108599 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 34 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e8981-108599 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -Subparagraph (a) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e8721-108599 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 40 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e9031-108599 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 32 -Subparagraph (f) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e8933-108599 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 32 -Subparagraph (e) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e8933-108599 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 26 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e8844-108599 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 41 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e9038-108599 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 32 -Subparagraph (d) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e8933-108599 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 22 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e8736-108599 Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 42 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e9054-108599 Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e8657-108599 Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -Subparagraph (b) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123359005&loc=d3e8721-108599 Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2134510 + Details
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