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Contract Balances | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract] |
Contract Balances | Disaggregation of Revenue Revenue disaggregated by customer profile is as follows:
| Year ended |  |
| December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | December 31, 2020 |  |  |
| (in thousands) |  |
Top client | $ | 683,546 |  | $ | 441,173 |  | $ | 337,904 |  |  |  |
Clients 2-5 | 1,506,087 |  | 1,291,946 |  | 754,906 |  |  |  |
Clients 6-10 | 1,112,636 |  | 752,325 |  | 350,865 |  |  |  |
Clients 11-25 | 1,585,739 |  | 1,077,073 |  | 501,643 |  |  |  |
Other | 2,853,378 |  | 1,918,309 |  | 851,970 |  |  |  |
Total | $7,741,386 | $5,480,826 | $2,797,288 |  |  |
Our customers have similar profiles and economic characteristics, and therefore have similar degrees of risk and growth opportunities.Contract Balances Accounts receivable and unbilled revenue are as follows:
| December 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
| (in thousands)
Billed services (accounts receivable) | $ | 1,751,950 |  |  | $ | 1,349,851 |
Allowance for credit losses (note 5) | (20,562) |  |  | (7,081) |
Accounts receivable (net) | 1,731,388 |  |  | 1,342,770 |
Unbilled services (unbilled revenue) | $ | 957,655 |  |  | $ | 623,121 |
Accounts receivable and unbilled revenue, net | $ | 2,689,043 |  |  | $ | 1,965,891 |
Unbilled services and unearned revenue or payments on account (contract assets and liabilities) were as follows:
(in thousands, except percentages) | December 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Unbilled services (unbilled revenue) | $ | 957,655 |  |  | $ | 623,121 |  |  | $ | 334,534 |  |  | 53.7 | %
Unearned revenue (payments on account) | (1,507,449) |  |  | (1,323,961) |  |  | (183,488) |  |  | 13.9 | %
Net balance | $ | (549,794) |  |  | $ | (700,840) |  |  | $ | 151,046 |  |  | 21.6 | %
Timing may differ between the satisfaction of performance obligations and the invoicing and collection of amounts related to our contracts with customers. We record assets for amounts related to performance obligations that are satisfied but not yet billed and/or collected. These assets are recorded as unbilled revenue and therefore contract assets rather than accounts receivable when receipt of the consideration is conditional on something other than the passage of time. Liabilities are recorded for amounts that are collected in advance of the satisfaction of performance obligations or billed in advance of the revenue being earned. Unbilled services/revenue balances arise where invoicing or billing is based on the timing of agreed milestones related to service contracts for clinical research. Contractual billing arrangements in respect of certain reimbursable expenses (principally investigators) require billing by the investigator to the Company prior to billing by the Company to the customer. As there is no contractual right of set-off between unbilled services (contract assets) and unearned revenue (contract liabilities), each are separately presented gross on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Company is the contract principal in respect of both direct services and in the use of third parties (principally investigator services) that support a clinical trial. The progress towards completion for clinical service contracts is measured based on total project costs (including reimbursable costs). Amounts owed to investigators and others in respect of reimbursable expenses at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were $406.3 million and $323.6 million (see note 12 - Other liabilities). Unbilled services as at December 31, 2022 increased by $334.5 million as compared to December 31, 2021. Unearned revenue increased by $183.5 million over the same period resulting in a decrease of $151.0 million in the net balance of unbilled services and unearned revenue or payments on account between December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2022. These fluctuations are primarily due to the completion of the Merger on July 1, 2021 but are also partially due to timing of payments and invoicing related to the Group's clinical trial management contracts. Billings and payments are established by contractual provisions including predetermined payment schedules which may or may not correspond to the timing of the transfer of control of the Company's services under the contract. Unbilled services arise from long-term contracts when a cost-based input method of revenue recognition is applied and revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. The credit loss expense recognized on the Group's receivables and unbilled services was $17.8 million and $0.9 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 approximately $13.7 billion of revenue is expected to be recognized in the future in respect of unsatisfied performance obligations compared to $13.3 billion as of December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2022 the Company expects to recognize revenue on approximately 52% of the unrealized performance obligation over the next twelve months compared to 48% as of December 31, 2021, with the remainder recognized thereafter over the duration of the customer contracts.

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- Definition The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=49130388 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 10 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130551-203045 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 13 -Subparagraph (b)(2) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130556-203045 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (b) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 9 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130550-203045 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (e) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (a) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (d) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130558-203045 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 606 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -Subparagraph (c) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045 + Details
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