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Intangible assets
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Intangible assets Intangible assets
The carrying amount of Intangible Assets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 is as follows:

September 30,
2025		December 31,
2024
(in thousands)
Cost
Customer relationships$4,134,107 $4,129,501 
Order backlog545,922 543,933 
Trade names & brands204,713 204,588 
Patient database170,487 170,324 
Technology assets151,691 150,658 
Total cost5,206,920 5,199,004 
Accumulated amortization(1,822,598)(1,639,212)
 Net book value$3,384,322 $3,559,792 

In the three months ended September 30, 2025, the amortization expense recognized by the Company was $58.7 million (three months ended September 30, 2024: $58.0 million).

In the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the amortization expense recognized by the Company was $176.7 million (nine months ended September 30, 2024: $291.0 million and year ended December 31, 2024: $350.3 million). The decrease in amortization is due to the order backlog and trade name intangible assets recognized in connection with the merger of Indigo Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and subsidiary of ICON, with and into PRA Health Sciences, Inc., the parent of PRA Health Sciences on July 1, 2021 ("PRA Merger") amounting to $500.0 million and $202.0 million respectively as of the date of acquisition, becoming fully amortized on July 1, 2024.

There were no additions to intangible assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.