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Investments (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Investments [Abstract]  
Available-for-sale Securities [Table Text Block]
The following table provides information relating to investments in fixed maturity securities by sector as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands):
December 31, 2018:
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Unrealized
Gains
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
% of Total
 
Other-than-
temporary
impairments
in AOCI
Available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate
 
$
24,006,407

 
$
530,804

 
$
555,092

 
$
23,982,119

 
59.9
%
 
$

Canadian government
 
2,768,466

 
1,126,227

 
2,308

 
3,892,385

 
9.7

 

RMBS
 
1,872,236

 
22,267

 
25,282

 
1,869,221

 
4.7

 

ABS
 
2,171,254

 
10,779

 
32,829

 
2,149,204

 
5.4

 
275

CMBS
 
1,428,115

 
9,153

 
18,234

 
1,419,034

 
3.5

 

U.S. government
 
2,233,537

 
10,204

 
57,867

 
2,185,874

 
5.5

 

State and political subdivisions
 
721,290

 
39,914

 
9,010

 
752,194

 
1.9

 

Other foreign government
 
3,680,863

 
109,320

 
47,868

 
3,742,315

 
9.4

 

Total fixed maturity securities
 
$
38,882,168

 
$
1,858,668

 
$
748,490

 
$
39,992,346

 
100.0
%
 
$
275


The following table provides information relating to investments in fixed maturity and equity securities by sector as of December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):
December 31, 2017:
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Unrealized
Gains
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
% of Total
 
Other-than-
temporary
impairments
in AOCI
Available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate
 
$
21,966,803

 
$
1,299,594

 
$
55,429

 
$
23,210,968

 
60.9
%
 
$

Canadian government
 
2,843,273

 
1,378,510

 
1,707

 
4,220,076

 
11.1

 

RMBS
 
1,695,126

 
36,632

 
11,878

 
1,719,880

 
4.5

 

ABS
 
1,634,758

 
18,798

 
5,194

 
1,648,362

 
4.3

 
275

CMBS
 
1,285,594

 
22,627

 
4,834

 
1,303,387

 
3.4

 

U.S. government
 
1,953,436

 
12,089

 
21,933

 
1,943,592

 
5.1

 

State and political subdivisions
 
647,727

 
59,997

 
4,296

 
703,428

 
1.8

 

Other foreign government
 
3,254,695

 
154,507

 
8,075

 
3,401,127

 
8.9

 

Total fixed maturity securities
 
$
35,281,412

 
$
2,982,754

 
$
113,346

 
$
38,150,820

 
100.0
%
 
$
275

Non-redeemable preferred stock
 
$
41,553

 
$
479

 
$
2,226

 
$
39,806

 
39.7
%
 
 
Other equity securities
 
61,288

 
479

 
1,421

 
60,346

 
60.3

 
 
Total equity securities
 
$
102,841

 
$
958

 
$
3,647

 
$
100,152

 
100.0
%
 
 
Schedule of Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Table Text Block]
The following table includes fixed maturity securities pledged and received as collateral and assets in trust held to satisfy collateral requirements under derivative transactions and certain third-party reinsurance treaties as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):
 
2018
 
2017
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Estimated
Fair Value
Fixed maturity securities pledged as collateral
$
80,891

 
$
83,950

 
$
72,542

 
$
75,622

Fixed maturity securities received as collateral
n/a

 
616,584

 
n/a

 
590,417

Assets in trust held to satisfy collateral requirements
20,072,735

 
20,366,170

 
15,584,296

 
16,715,281

Concentration Risk Disclosure [Text Block]
The Company’s exposure to concentrations of credit risk from single issuers greater than 10% of the Company’s stockholders’ equity included securities of the U.S. government and its agencies, as well as the securities disclosed below, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):
 
2018
 
2017
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Estimated
Fair Value
Fixed maturity securities guaranteed or issued by:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Canadian province of Quebec
$
1,091,018

 
$
1,757,087

 
$
1,119,337

 
$
1,917,996

Canadian province of Ontario
913,642

 
1,187,526

 
939,837

 
1,282,944

Investments Classified By Contractual Maturity Date [Table Text Block]
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturity securities classified as available-for-sale as of December 31, 2018 are shown by contractual maturity in the table below (dollars in thousands). Actual maturities can differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Asset and mortgage-backed securities are shown separately in the table below, as they are not due at a single maturity date.
 
 
Amortized Cost
 
Estimated Fair Value
Available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
Due in one year or less
 
$
1,185,868

 
$
1,190,931

Due after one year through five years
 
8,760,200

 
8,851,307

Due after five years through ten years
 
9,060,972

 
9,149,497

Due after ten years
 
14,403,523

 
15,363,152

Asset and mortgage-backed securities
 
5,471,605

 
5,437,459

Total
 
$
38,882,168

 
$
39,992,346

Fixed Maturity Holdings Industry Types [Table Text Block]
The tables below show the major industry types of the Company’s corporate fixed maturity holdings as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):
December 31, 2018:
 
Amortized Cost
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
% of Total
Finance
 
$
8,793,742

 
$
8,730,568

 
36.3
%
Industrial
 
12,336,857

 
12,342,111

 
51.6

Utility
 
2,875,808

 
2,909,440

 
12.1

Total
 
$
24,006,407

 
$
23,982,119

 
100.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2017:
 
Amortized Cost
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
% of Total
Finance
 
$
7,977,885

 
$
8,362,774

 
36.1
%
Industrial
 
11,535,166

 
12,199,333

 
52.5

Utility
 
2,453,752

 
2,648,861

 
11.4

Total
 
$
21,966,803

 
$
23,210,968

 
100.0
%
Roll Forward Of Cumulative Credit Loss Component Of Otti Income Loss [Table Text Block]
The following table sets forth the amount of pre-tax credit loss impairments on fixed maturity securities held by the Company as of the dates indicated, for which a portion of the OTTI loss was recognized in AOCI, and the corresponding changes in such amounts (dollars in thousands):
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Balance, beginning of period
 
$
3,677

 
$
6,013

 
$
7,284

Additional impairments - credit loss OTTI recognized on securities previously impaired
 

 

 
231

Credit loss impairments previously recognized on securities impaired to fair value during the period
 

 
(2,336
)
 

Credit loss previously recognized on securities that matured, paid down, prepaid or were sold during the period
 

 

 
(1,502
)
Balance, end of period
 
$
3,677

 
$
3,677

 
$
6,013

Investments In Debt And Equity Securities Gross Unrealized Losses Disclosures [Table Text Block]
The following table presents the total gross unrealized losses for the 3,109 fixed maturity securities as of December 31, 2018, where the estimated fair value had declined and remained below amortized cost by the indicated amount (dollars in thousands):
 
 
 2018
 
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
% of Total    
Less than 20%
 
$
721,015

 
96.3
%
20% or more for less than six months
 
21,336

 
2.9

20% or more for six months or greater
 
6,139

 
0.8

Total
 
$
748,490

 
100.0
%
The following table presents the total gross unrealized losses for the 1,116 fixed maturity and equity securities as of December 31, 2017, where the estimated fair value had declined and remained below amortized cost by the indicated amount (dollars in thousands):
 
 
2017
 
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
% of Total
Less than 20%
 
$
113,466

 
97.0
%
20% or more for less than six months
 
689

 
0.6

20% or more for six months or greater
 
2,838

 
2.4

Total
 
$
116,993

 
100.0
%
Fair Value And Investments In Debt And Equity Securities Disclosures [Table Text Block]
The following table presents the estimated fair values and gross unrealized losses, including other-than-temporary impairment losses reported in AOCI, for 3,109 fixed maturity securities that have estimated fair values below amortized cost as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands). These investments are presented by class and grade of security, as well as the length of time the related fair value has remained below amortized cost.
 
 
Less than 12 months
 
12 months or greater
 
Total
December 31, 2018:
 
Estimated
Fair Value    
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value    
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value    
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Investment grade securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate
 
$
8,505,371

 
$
302,604

 
$
3,611,266

 
$
195,082

 
$
12,116,637

 
$
497,686

Canadian government
 
25,169

 
419

 
131,806

 
1,612

 
156,975

 
2,031

RMBS
 
269,558

 
2,488

 
836,741

 
22,760

 
1,106,299

 
25,248

ABS
 
1,102,677

 
24,271

 
381,609

 
8,523

 
1,484,286

 
32,794

CMBS
 
384,259

 
4,304

 
414,719

 
13,930

 
798,978

 
18,234

U.S. government
 
8,616

 
80

 
1,086,694

 
57,787

 
1,095,310

 
57,867

State and political subdivisions
 
103,504

 
1,538

 
157,330

 
7,472

 
260,834

 
9,010

Other foreign government
 
789,859

 
24,509

 
472,934

 
17,446

 
1,262,793

 
41,955

Total investment grade securities
 
11,189,013

 
360,213

 
7,093,099

 
324,612

 
18,282,112

 
684,825

Below investment grade securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate
 
755,679

 
42,760

 
122,559

 
14,646

 
878,238

 
57,406

Canadian government
 
443

 
34

 
1,770

 
243

 
2,213

 
277

RMBS
 

 

 
1,026

 
34

 
1,026

 
34

ABS
 

 

 
1,063

 
35

 
1,063

 
35

Other foreign government
 
128,725

 
5,574

 
7,479

 
339

 
136,204

 
5,913

Total below investment grade securities
 
884,847

 
48,368

 
133,897

 
15,297

 
1,018,744

 
63,665

Total fixed maturity securities
 
$
12,073,860

 
$
408,581

 
$
7,226,996

 
$
339,909

 
$
19,300,856

 
$
748,490

The following table presents the estimated fair values and gross unrealized losses, including other-than-temporary impairment losses reported in AOCI, for 1,116 fixed maturity and equity securities that have estimated fair values below amortized cost as of December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):
 
 
Less than 12 months
 
12 months or greater
 
Total
December 31, 2017:
 
Estimated
Fair Value    
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value    
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value    
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Investment grade securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate
 
$
1,886,212

 
$
17,099

 
$
1,009,750

 
$
28,080

 
$
2,895,962

 
$
45,179

Canadian government
 
18,688

 
91

 
111,560

 
1,596

 
130,248

 
1,687

RMBS
 
566,699

 
5,852

 
224,439

 
6,004

 
791,138

 
11,856

ABS
 
434,274

 
2,707

 
168,524

 
2,434

 
602,798

 
5,141

CMBS
 
220,401

 
1,914

 
103,269

 
2,920

 
323,670

 
4,834

U.S. government
 
800,298

 
6,177

 
767,197

 
15,756

 
1,567,495

 
21,933

State and political subdivisions
 
43,510

 
242

 
68,666

 
4,054

 
112,176

 
4,296

Other foreign government
 
369,717

 
2,707

 
191,265

 
4,704

 
560,982

 
7,411

Total investment grade securities
 
4,339,799

 
36,789

 
2,644,670

 
65,548

 
6,984,469

 
102,337

Below investment grade securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate
 
194,879

 
3,317

 
75,731

 
6,933

 
270,610

 
10,250

Canadian government
 
1,995

 
20

 

 

 
1,995

 
20

RMBS
 

 

 
1,369

 
22

 
1,369

 
22

ABS
 

 

 
1,489

 
53

 
1,489

 
53

Other foreign government
 
28,600

 
113

 
15,134

 
551

 
43,734

 
664

Total below investment grade securities
 
225,474

 
3,450

 
93,723

 
7,559

 
319,197

 
11,009

Total fixed maturity securities
 
$
4,565,273

 
$
40,239

 
$
2,738,393

 
$
73,107

 
$
7,303,666

 
$
113,346

Non-redeemable preferred stock
 
$
82

 
$
1

 
$
26,471

 
$
2,225

 
$
26,553

 
$
2,226

Other equity securities
 
5,820

 
1,023

 
47,251

 
398

 
53,071

 
1,421

Total equity securities
 
$
5,902

 
$
1,024

 
$
73,722

 
$
2,623

 
$
79,624

 
$
3,647

Investment Income [Table Text Block]
Major categories of investment income, net of related expenses, consist of the following (dollars in thousands):
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale
 
$
1,528,086

 
$
1,401,585

 
$
1,285,406

Equity securities
 
4,343

 
4,445

 
12,513

Mortgage loans on real estate
 
214,387

 
197,755

 
168,582

Policy loans
 
59,332

 
60,617

 
63,837

Funds withheld at interest
 
309,977

 
457,774

 
368,728

Short-term investments and cash and cash equivalents
 
14,349

 
7,171

 
8,051

Other invested assets
 
98,557

 
106,015

 
76,858

Investment income
 
2,229,031

 
2,235,362

 
1,983,975

   Investment expense
 
(90,506
)
 
(80,711
)
 
(72,089
)
Investment income, net of related expenses
 
$
2,138,525

 
$
2,154,651

 
$
1,911,886

Gain (Loss) on Securities [Table Text Block]
Investment related gains (losses), net, consist of the following (dollars in thousands):
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other-than-temporary impairment losses
 
$
(28,494
)
 
$
(42,639
)
 
$
(38,805
)
Portion of loss recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income
 

 

 
74

Gain on investment activity
 
65,211

 
110,546

 
145,172

Loss on investment activity
 
(158,870
)
 
(37,328
)
 
(47,094
)
Equity securities:
 
 
 
 
 


Other-than-temporary impairment losses
 

 
(1,202
)
 

Gain on investment activity
 
4,429

 
23

 
9,198

Loss on investment activity
 
(1,937
)
 
(4,351
)
 
(2,871
)
Change in unrealized gains (losses) recognized in earnings
 
(23,184
)
 

 

Other impairment losses and change in mortgage loan provision
 
(11,919
)
 
(9,497
)
 
(11,006
)
Derivatives and other, net
 
(15,324
)
 
152,328

 
39,527

Total investment related gains (losses), net
 
$
(170,088
)
 
$
167,880

 
$
94,195

Schedule of Repurchase Agreements [Table Text Block]
The following table includes the amount of borrowed securities, securities lent and securities collateral received as part of the securities lending program, repurchased/reverse repurchased securities pledged and received and cash received as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):
 
2018
 
2017
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Estimated
Fair Value
Borrowed securities
$
335,781

 
$
366,663

 
$
358,875

 
$
377,820

Securities lending:


 


 


 
 
Securities loaned
101,981

 
102,618

 
117,246

 
121,551

Securities received
n/a

 
112,000

 
n/a

 
128,000

Repurchase program/reverse repurchase program:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities pledged
554,806

 
554,589

 
413,819

 
428,344

Securities received
n/a

 
530,932

 
n/a

 
417,550

Schedule of Underlying Assets of Repurchase Agreements when Amount of Repurchase Agreements Exceeds 10 Percent of Assets [Table Text Block]
The following tables present information on the Company’s securities lending and repurchase transactions as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively (dollars in thousands). Collateral associated with certain borrowed securities is not included within the tables as the collateral pledged to each counterparty is the right to reinsurance treaty cash flows.
 
December 31, 2018
 
Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
 
Overnight and Continuous
 
Up to 30 Days
 
30-90 Days
 
Greater than 90 Days
 
Total
Securities lending transaction:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
102,618

 
$
102,618

Total

 

 

 
102,618

 
102,618

Repurchase transactions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate

 

 

 
254,151

 
254,151

U.S. government

 

 

 
221,572

 
221,572

Foreign government

 

 

 
78,866

 
78,866

Total

 

 

 
554,589

 
554,589

Total transactions
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
657,207

 
$
657,207

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross amount of recognized liabilities for securities lending and repurchase transactions in preceding table
 
$
671,492

Amounts related to agreements not included in offsetting disclosure
 
$
14,285


 
December 31, 2017
 
Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
 
Overnight and Continuous
 
Up to 30 Days
 
30-90 Days
 
Greater than 90 Days
 
Total
Securities lending transaction:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
121,551

 
$
121,551

Total

 

 

 
121,551

 
121,551

Repurchase transactions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate

 

 
312

 
184,334

 
$
184,646

U.S. government

 

 

 
220,765

 
220,765

Foreign government

 

 

 
21,802

 
21,802

Other
1,131

 

 

 

 
1,131

Total
1,131

 

 
312

 
426,901

 
428,344

Total transactions
$
1,131

 
$

 
$
312

 
$
548,452

 
$
549,895

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross amount of recognized liabilities for repurchase transactions in preceding table
 
$
576,786

Amounts related to agreements not included in offsetting disclosure
 
$
26,891

Disclosure Of Real Estate Holdings By Property Type [Table Text Block]
The recorded investment in mortgage loans on real estate presented below is gross of unamortized deferred loan origination fees and expenses, and valuation allowances.
The distribution of mortgage loans by property type is as follows as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
Carrying Value
 
Percentage of
Total
 
Carrying Value
 
Percentage of
Total
Property type:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Office building
 
$
1,725,748

 
34.6
%
 
$
1,487,392

 
33.6
%
Retail
 
1,432,394

 
28.7

 
1,270,676

 
28.8

Industrial
 
961,924

 
19.3

 
938,612

 
21.3

Apartment
 
571,291

 
11.5

 
510,052

 
11.6

Other commercial
 
291,997

 
5.9

 
206,439

 
4.7

Recorded investment
 
$
4,983,354

 
100.0
%
 
$
4,413,171

 
100.0
%
Unamortized balance of loan origination fees and expenses
 
(5,770
)
 
 
 
(3,254
)
 
 
Valuation allowances
 
(11,286
)
 
 
 
(9,384
)
 
 
Total mortgage loans on real estate
 
$
4,966,298

 


 
$
4,400,533

 


Disclosure of Real Estate Holdings Classified By Contractual Maturity Date [Table Text Block]
The maturities of the mortgage loans as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
Recorded
Investment
 
% of Total
 
Recorded
Investment
 
% of Total
Due within five years
 
$
1,425,598

 
28.6
%
 
$
1,091,066

 
24.8
%
Due after five years through ten years
 
2,686,264

 
53.9

 
2,516,872

 
57.0

Due after ten years
 
871,492

 
17.5

 
805,233

 
18.2

Total
 
$
4,983,354

 
100.0
%
 
$
4,413,171

 
100.0
%
Financing Receivable Credit Quality Indicators [Table Text Block]
The following tables set forth certain key credit quality indicators of the Company’s recorded investment in mortgage loans as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):
 
Recorded Investment
 
Debt Service Ratios
 
Construction loans
 
 
 
 
 
>1.20x
 
1.00x - 1.20x
 
<1.00x
 
 
Total
 
% of Total
December 31, 2018:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Loan-to-Value Ratio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

0% - 59.99%
$
2,410,556

 
$
61,246

 
$
38,177

 
$
13,691

 
$
2,523,670

 
50.6
%
60% - 69.99%
1,618,374

 
73,908

 
38,120

 
18,929

 
1,749,331

 
35.1

70% - 79.99%
414,269

 
48,438

 
54,440

 

 
517,147

 
10.4

Greater than 80%
117,978

 
49,668

 
25,560

 

 
193,206

 
3.9

Total
$
4,561,177

 
$
233,260

 
$
156,297

 
$
32,620

 
$
4,983,354

 
100.0
%
 
Recorded Investment
 
Debt Service Ratios
 
Construction loans
 
 
 
 
 
>1.20x
 
1.00x - 1.20x
 
<1.00x
 
 
Total
 
% of Total
December 31, 2017:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan-to-Value Ratio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

0% - 59.99%
$
2,148,428

 
$
53,979

 
$
3,801

 
$

 
$
2,206,208

 
50.0
%
60% - 69.99%
1,517,029

 
47,128

 
43,921

 

 
1,608,078

 
36.4

70% - 79.99%
396,446

 
19,461

 
15,367

 

 
431,274

 
9.8

Greater than 80%
120,850

 
30,713

 
6,362

 
9,686

 
167,611

 
3.8

Total
$
4,182,753

 
$
151,281

 
$
69,451

 
$
9,686

 
$
4,413,171

 
100.0
%
Past Due Financing Receivables [Table Text Block]
The age analysis of the Company’s past due recorded investments in mortgage loans as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):
 
 
2018
 
2017
31-60 days past due
 
$

 
$
17,100

61-90 days past due
 

 
2,056

Total past due
 

 
19,156

Current
 
4,983,354

 
4,394,015

Total
 
$
4,983,354

 
$
4,413,171

Recorded Investment And Allowance For Credit Losses [Table Text Block]
The following table presents the recorded investment in mortgage loans, by method of measuring impairment, and the related valuation allowances, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):
 
 
2018
 
2017
Mortgage loans:
 
 
 
 
Individually measured for impairment
 
$
30,635

 
$
5,858

Collectively measured for impairment
 
4,952,719

 
4,407,313

Recorded investment
 
$
4,983,354

 
$
4,413,171

Valuation allowances:
 
 
 
 
Individually measured for impairment
 
$

 
$

Collectively measured for impairment
 
11,286

 
9,384

Total valuation allowances
 
$
11,286

 
$
9,384

Allowance For Loan And Lease Losses Provision For Loss Net [Table Text Block]
Information regarding the Company’s loan valuation allowances for mortgage loans as of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 are as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Balance, beginning of period
 
$
9,384

 
$
7,685

 
$
6,813

Provision
 
1,918

 
1,691

 
872

Translation adjustment
 
(16
)
 
8

 

Balance, end of period
 
$
11,286

 
$
9,384

 
$
7,685

Impaired Financing Receivables [Table Text Block]
Information regarding the portion of the Company’s mortgage loans that were impaired as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 is as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
 
Unpaid Principal
Balance
 
Recorded
Investment
 
Related
Allowance
 
Carrying Value
December 31, 2018:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impaired mortgage loans with no valuation allowance recorded
 
$
30,660

 
$
30,635

 
$

 
$
30,635

Impaired mortgage loans with valuation allowance recorded
 

 

 

 

Total impaired mortgage loans
 
$
30,660

 
$
30,635

 
$

 
$
30,635

December 31, 2017:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impaired mortgage loans with no valuation allowance recorded
 
$
6,427

 
$
5,858

 
$

 
$
5,858

Impaired mortgage loans with valuation allowance recorded
 

 

 

 

Total impaired mortgage loans
 
$
6,427

 
$
5,858

 
$

 
$
5,858

The Company’s average investment balance of impaired mortgage loans and the related interest income are reflected in the table below for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 (dollars in thousands):
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
Average
Investment(1)
 
Interest
Income
 
Average
Investment(1)
 
Interest
Income
 
Average
Investment(1)
 
Interest
Income
Impaired mortgage loans with no valuation allowance recorded
 
$
24,240

 
$
1,129

 
$
3,621

 
$
186

 
$
2,249

 
$
142

Impaired mortgage loans with valuation allowance recorded
 

 

 

 

 

 

Total
 
$
24,240

 
$
1,129

 
$
3,621

 
$
186

 
$
2,249

 
$
142

(1)
Average recorded investment represents the average loan balances as of the beginning of period and all subsequent quarterly end of period balances.
Schedule of Other Assets [Table Text Block]
Other invested assets represented approximately 3.5% and 2.9% of the Company’s total investments as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Carrying values of these assets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
 
2018
 
2017
Limited partnership interests and real estate joint ventures
 
$
965,094

 
$
781,124

Equity release mortgages
 
475,905

 
219,940

Derivatives
 
180,699

 
137,613

FVO contractholder-directed unit-linked investments
 
197,770

 
218,541

Other
 
95,829

 
148,114

Total other invested assets
 
$
1,915,297

 
$
1,505,332