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Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_______________________
FORM 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
|  | FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED | MARCH 31, 2022 |
OR
☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO
Commission File Number 001-34223
_______________________
CLEAN HARBORS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

| Massachusetts |  | 04-2997780
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | (IRS Employer Identification No.)
| 42 Longwater Drive | Norwell | MA |  |  |  | 02061-9149
| (Address of Principal Executive Offices) |  | (Zip Code)

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including area code: (781) 792-5000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value |  | CLH |  | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer | ☒ |  |  | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  |  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The number of shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value, of the registrant outstanding at April 29, 2022 was 54,429,614.

CLEAN HARBORS, INC.
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS

| Page No.
PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1: Unaudited Financial Statements |
Consolidated Balance Sheets | 1
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations | 2
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | 3
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 4
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity | 5
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements | 6
ITEM 2: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 20
ITEM 3: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 29
ITEM 4: Controls and Procedures | 29
PART II: OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1: Legal Proceedings | 31
ITEM 1A: Risk Factors | 31
ITEM 2: Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 31
ITEM 3: Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 31
ITEM 4: Mine Safety Disclosures | 31
ITEM 5: Other Information | 31
ITEM 6: Exhibits | 32
Signatures | 33

Table of Contents
CLEAN HARBORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands)

| March 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
ASSETS | (unaudited) |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 339,584 |  |  | $ | 452,575 |
Short-term marketable securities | 75,364 |  |  | 81,724 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowances aggregating $45,373 and $40,140, respectively | 900,273 |  |  | 792,734 |
Unbilled accounts receivable | 123,945 |  |  | 94,963 |
Inventories and supplies | 264,733 |  |  | 250,692 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 103,349 |  |  | 68,483 |
Total current assets | 1,807,248 |  |  | 1,741,171 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 1,881,542 |  |  | 1,863,175 |
Other assets: |  |  |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 156,811 |  |  | 161,797 |
Goodwill | 1,221,399 |  |  | 1,227,042 |
Permits and other intangibles, net | 633,445 |  |  | 644,912 |
Other | 25,812 |  |  | 15,602 |
Total other assets | 2,037,467 |  |  | 2,049,353 |
Total assets | $ | 5,726,257 |  |  | $ | 5,653,699 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Current portion of long-term debt | $ | 17,535 |  |  | $ | 17,535 |
Accounts payable | 394,152 |  |  | 359,866 |
Deferred revenue | 90,116 |  |  | 83,749 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 338,835 |  |  | 391,414 |
Current portion of closure, post-closure and remedial liabilities | 26,393 |  |  | 25,136 |
Current portion of operating lease liabilities | 47,108 |  |  | 47,614 |
Total current liabilities | 914,139 |  |  | 925,314 |
Other liabilities: |  |  |
Closure and post-closure liabilities, less current portion of $7,808 and $12,015, respectively | 92,891 |  |  | 87,088 |
Remedial liabilities, less current portion of $18,585 and $13,121, respectively | 106,144 |  |  | 98,752 |
Long-term debt, less current portion | 2,513,944 |  |  | 2,517,024 |
Operating lease liabilities, less current portion | 113,059 |  |  | 117,991 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 312,668 |  |  | 314,853 |
Other long-term liabilities | 80,175 |  |  | 78,790 |
Total other liabilities | 3,218,881 |  |  | 3,214,498 |
Commitments and contingent liabilities (See Note 16) |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |
Common stock, $0.01 par value: |  |  |
Authorized 80,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 54,414,189 and 54,419,321 shares, respectively | 544 |  |  | 544 |
Additional paid-in capital | 536,564 |  |  | 536,377 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (162,163) |  |  | (196,012) |
Accumulated earnings | 1,218,292 |  |  | 1,172,978 |
Total stockholders’ equity | 1,593,237 |  |  | 1,513,887 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 5,726,257 |  |  | $ | 5,653,699 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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CLEAN HARBORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share amounts)

|  |  |  | Three Months Ended
|  |  |  | March 31,
|  |  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service revenues |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 942,061 |  |  | $ | 662,708 |
Product revenues |  |  |  |  |  | 227,048 |  |  | 145,440 |
Total revenues |  |  |  |  |  | 1,169,109 |  |  | 808,148 |
Cost of revenues: (exclusive of items shown separately below) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service revenues |  |  |  |  |  | 693,424 |  |  | 450,338 |
Product revenues |  |  |  |  |  | 149,965 |  |  | 110,198 |
Total cost of revenues |  |  |  |  |  | 843,389 |  |  | 560,536 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  |  |  |  |  | 151,173 |  |  | 121,641 |
Accretion of environmental liabilities |  |  |  |  |  | 3,156 |  |  | 2,953 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  |  | 84,298 |  |  | 72,163 |
Income from operations |  |  |  |  |  | 87,093 |  |  | 50,855 |
Other income (expense), net |  |  |  |  |  | 704 |  |  | (1,228) |
Interest expense, net of interest income of $493 and $479, respectively |  |  |  |  |  | (25,017) |  |  | (17,918) |
Income before provision for income taxes |  |  |  |  |  | 62,780 |  |  | 31,709 |
Provision for income taxes |  |  |  |  |  | 17,466 |  |  | 9,973 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 45,314 |  |  | $ | 21,736 |
Earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.83 |  |  | $ | 0.40 |
Diluted |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.83 |  |  | $ | 0.39 |
Shares used to compute earnings per share - Basic |  |  |  |  |  | 54,408 |  |  | 54,723 |
Shares used to compute earnings per share - Diluted |  |  |  |  |  | 54,672 |  |  | 55,043 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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CLEAN HARBORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands)

|  |  |  | Three Months Ended
|  |  |  | March 31,
|  |  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Net income |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 45,314 |  |  | $ | 21,736 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities |  |  |  |  |  | (528) |  |  | (74) |
Unrealized gain on interest rate hedge |  |  |  |  |  | 24,681 |  |  | 3,108 |
Reclassification adjustment for losses on interest rate hedge included in net income |  |  |  |  |  | 3,194 |  |  | 2,448 |
Unfunded pension liability |  |  |  |  |  | (10) |  |  | — |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  |  |  |  | 6,512 |  |  | 6,466 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  |  |  |  |  | 33,849 |  |  | 11,948 |
Comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 79,163 |  |  | $ | 33,684 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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CLEAN HARBORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)

| Three Months Ended
| March 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021
Cash flows (used in) from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 45,314 |  |  | $ | 21,736 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) from operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 84,298 |  |  | 72,163 |
Allowance for doubtful accounts | 3,619 |  |  | 2,446 |
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discount | 1,561 |  |  | 900 |
Accretion of environmental liabilities | 3,156 |  |  | 2,953 |
Changes in environmental liability estimates | 312 |  |  | 275 |
Deferred income taxes | 2,226 |  |  | (39) |
Other (income) expense, net | (704) |  |  | 1,228 |
Stock-based compensation | 5,712 |  |  | 3,480 |
Environmental expenditures | (3,615) |  |  | (3,011) |
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions: |  |  |
Accounts receivable and unbilled accounts receivable | (138,690) |  |  | (9,703) |
Inventories and supplies | (13,610) |  |  | (747) |
Other current and non-current assets | (32,924) |  |  | (9,956) |
Accounts payable | 43,001 |  |  | 22,179 |
Other current and long-term liabilities | (38,285) |  |  | (904) |
Net cash (used in) from operating activities | (38,629) |  |  | 103,000 |
Cash flows used in investing activities: |  |  |
Additions to property, plant and equipment | (70,308) |  |  | (41,913) |
Proceeds from sale and disposal of fixed assets | 1,320 |  |  | 1,204 |
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | 5,000 |  |  | (22,918) |
Additions to intangible assets including costs to obtain or renew permits | (321) |  |  | (505) |
Proceeds from sale of available-for-sale securities | 10,450 |  |  | 20,375 |
Purchases of available-for-sale securities | (5,002) |  |  | (42,980) |
Net cash used in investing activities | (58,861) |  |  | (86,737) |
Cash flows used in financing activities: |  |  |
Change in uncashed checks | (2,295) |  |  | (6,662) |
Tax payments related to withholdings on vested restricted stock | (1,831) |  |  | (3,719) |
Repurchases of common stock | (3,694) |  |  | (26,546) |
Deferred financing costs paid | (291) |  |  | (137) |
Payments on finance leases | (3,585) |  |  | (1,672) |
Principal payments on debt | (4,384) |  |  | (1,884) |
Net cash used in financing activities | (16,080) |  |  | (40,620) |
Effect of exchange rate change on cash | 579 |  |  | 1,639 |
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents | (112,991) |  |  | (22,718) |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 452,575 |  |  | 519,101 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 339,584 |  |  | $ | 496,383 |
Supplemental information: |  |  |
Cash payments for interest and income taxes: |  |  |
Interest paid | $ | 33,697 |  |  | $ | 27,507 |
Income taxes paid, net of refunds | 3,121 |  |  | 3,599 |
Non-cash investing activities: |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment accrued | 11,397 |  |  | 5,108 |
Remedial liability assumed in acquisition of property, plant and equipment | 13,073 |  |  | — |
ROU assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities | 7,342 |  |  | 2,305 |
ROU assets obtained in exchange for finance lease liabilities | 4,679 |  |  | 9,205 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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CLEAN HARBORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands)

| Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  |  |
| Number of Shares |  | $0.01 Par Value |  |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  |  | Accumulated Earnings |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at January 1, 2022 | 54,419 |  |  | $ | 544 |  |  |  |  | $ | 536,377 |  |  | $ | (196,012) |  |  | $ | 1,172,978 |  |  | $ | 1,513,887 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 45,314 |  |  | 45,314 |
Other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 33,849 |  |  | — |  |  | 33,849 |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 5,712 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,712 |
Issuance of common stock for restricted share vesting, net of employee tax withholdings | 36 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (1,831) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,831) |
Repurchases of common stock | (41) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (3,694) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,694) |
Balance at March 31, 2022 | 54,414 |  |  | $ | 544 |  |  |  |  | $ | 536,564 |  |  | $ | (162,163) |  |  | $ | 1,218,292 |  |  | $ | 1,593,237 |

| Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  |  |
| Number of Shares |  | $0.01 Par Value |  |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  |  | Accumulated Earnings |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at January 1, 2021 | 54,773 |  |  | $ | 548 |  |  |  |  | $ | 582,749 |  |  | $ | (211,477) |  |  | $ | 969,731 |  |  | $ | 1,341,551 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21,736 |  |  | 21,736 |
Other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 11,948 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,948 |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 3,480 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,480 |
Issuance of common stock for restricted share vesting, net of employee tax withholdings | 78 |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | (3,720) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,719) |
Repurchases of common stock | (300) |  |  | (3) |  |  |  |  | (26,543) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (26,546) |
Balance at March 31, 2021 | 54,551 |  |  | $ | 546 |  |  |  |  | $ | 555,966 |  |  | $ | (199,529) |  |  | $ | 991,467 |  |  | $ | 1,348,450 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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CLEAN HARBORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(1) BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The accompanying consolidated interim financial statements are unaudited and include the accounts of Clean Harbors, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, “Clean Harbors” or the “Company”) and have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments which are of a normal recurring nature and are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. Management has made estimates and assumptions affecting the amounts reported in the Company's consolidated interim financial statements and accompanying footnotes; actual results could differ from those estimates and judgments. The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the entire year or any other interim periods. The financial statements presented herein should be read in conjunction with the financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
(2) SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The Company's significant accounting policies are described in Note 2, "Significant Accounting Policies," in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. There have been no material changes in these policies or their application.
(3) REVENUES
The Company’s third-party revenues are disaggregated by geographic location and source of revenue as management believes these categories depict how revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. The Company's significant sources of revenue include:
Technical Services—Technical Services contribute to the revenues of the Environmental Services operating segment. Revenues for these services are generated from fees charged for waste material management and disposal services including onsite environmental management services, collection and transportation, packaging, recycling, treatment and disposal of waste. Revenue is primarily generated by short-term projects, most of which are governed by master service agreements that are long-term in nature. These master service agreements are typically entered into with the Company's larger customers and outline the pricing and legal frameworks for such arrangements. Services are provided based on purchase orders or agreements with the customer and include prices based upon units of volume of waste, and transportation and other fees. Collection and transportation revenues are recognized over time, as the customer receives and consumes the benefits of the services as they are being performed and the Company has a right to payment for performance completed to date. The Company uses the input method to recognize revenue over time, based on time and materials incurred as a basis for measuring the satisfaction of the performance obligation. Revenues for treatment and disposal of waste are recognized upon completion of treatment, final disposition in a landfill or incineration, or when the waste is shipped to a third-party for processing and disposal. The Company periodically enters into bundled arrangements for the collection and transportation and disposal of waste. For such arrangements, transportation and disposal are considered distinct performance obligations and the Company allocates revenue to each based on the relative standalone selling price (i.e., the estimated price that a customer would pay for the services on a standalone basis). Revenues and the related costs from waste that is not yet completely processed and disposed of are deferred. The deferred revenues and costs are recognized when the services are completed. The period between collection and transportation and the final processing and disposal ranges depending on the location of the customer, but generally is measured in days.
Field and Emergency Response Services—Field and Emergency Response Services contribute to the revenues of the Environmental Services operating segment. Field Services revenues are generated from cleanup services at customer sites, including those managed by municipalities and utility providers, or other locations on a scheduled or emergency response basis. Services include confined space entry for tank cleaning, site decontamination, large remediation projects, demolition, spill cleanup on land and water, railcar cleaning, hydro excavation, manhole/vault clean outs, product recovery and transfer and vacuum services. Additional services include filtration and water treatment services. Response services for environmental emergencies of any scale range from man-made disasters such as oil spills to natural disasters such as hurricanes. Emergency response services also include contagion disinfection, decontamination and disposal services most recently in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Field and emergency response services are provided based on purchase orders or agreements with customers and include prices generally based upon daily, hourly or job rates for equipment, materials and personnel. The Company recognizes revenue for these services over time, as the customer receives and consumes the benefits of the services as they are being performed and the Company has a right to payment for
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performance completed to date. The Company uses the input method to recognize revenue over time, based on time and materials incurred. The duration of such services can be over a number of hours, several days or even months for larger scale projects.
Industrial Services and Other—Industrial Services contribute to the revenues of the Environmental Services operating segment. These revenues are primarily generated from industrial and specialty services provided to refineries, mines, upgraders, chemical plants, pulp and paper mills, manufacturing facilities, power generation facilities and other industrial customers throughout North America. Services include in-plant cleaning and maintenance services, plant outage and turnaround services, specialty cleaning services including chemical cleaning, pigging and high and ultra-high pressure water cleaning, leak detection and repair, daylighting, production services and upstream energy services. Services are provided based on purchase orders or agreements with the customer and include prices based upon daily, hourly or job rates for equipment, materials and personnel. The Company recognizes revenue for these services over time, as the customer receives and consumes the benefits of the services as they are being performed and the Company has a right to payment for performance completed to date. The Company uses the input method to recognize revenue over time, based on time and materials incurred.
Safety-Kleen Environmental Services—Safety-Kleen Environmental Services revenues contribute both to the Environmental Services operating segment and the Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions operating segment depending upon the nature of such revenues and operating responsibilities relative to executing the revenue contracts. Revenues from providing containerized waste handling and disposal services, parts washer services and vacuum services, referred to collectively as the Safety-Kleen branches' core service offerings, contribute to the revenues of the Environmental Services operating segment. In addition, sales of packaged blended oil products and other complementary product sales contribute to the revenues of the Environmental Services operating segment. Revenues generated from waste oil, anti-freeze and oil filter collection services, sales of bulk blended oil products and sales of bulk automotive fluids contribute to the Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions operating segment.
Generally, the revenue from services is recognized over time, as the customer receives and consumes the benefits of the services as they are being performed and the Company has a right to payment for performance completed to date. The duration of such services can be over a number of hours or several days. The Company uses the input method to recognize revenue over time, based on time and materials incurred. Product revenue is recognized upon the transfer of control whereby control transfers when the products are delivered to the customer. Containerized waste services consist of profiling, collecting, transporting and recycling or disposing of a wide variety of waste. Related collection and transportation revenues are recognized over time, as the customer receives and consumes the benefits of the services as they are being performed and the Company has a right to payment for performance completed to date. Parts washer services include customer use of our parts washer equipment, cleaning and maintenance of the parts washer equipment and removal and replacement of used cleaning fluids. Parts washer services are considered a single performance obligation due to the highly integrated and interdependent nature of the arrangement. Revenue from parts washer services is recognized over the service interval as the customer receives the benefit of the services.
Safety-Kleen Oil—Safety-Kleen Oil related sales contribute to the revenues of the Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions segment. These revenues are generated from sales of high-quality base and blended lubricating oils to third-party distributors, government agencies, fleets, railroads and industrial customers. The business also sells recycled fuel oil to asphalt plants, industrial plants and pulp and paper companies. The used oil is also processed into vacuum gas oil which can be further re-refined into lubricant base oils or sold directly into the marine diesel oil fuel market. Revenue for oil products is recognized at a point in time, upon the transfer of control. Control transfers when the products are delivered to the customer.
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The following tables present the Company's third-party revenue disaggregated by source of revenue and geography (in thousands):

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
|  | Environmental Services |  | Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions |  | Corporate |  | Total
Primary Geographical Markets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 834,678 |  |  | $ | 202,530 |  |  | $ | 72 |  |  | $ | 1,037,280 |
Canada |  | 106,120 |  |  | 25,709 |  |  | — |  |  | 131,829 |
Total third-party revenues |  | $ | 940,798 |  |  | $ | 228,239 |  |  | $ | 72 |  |  | $ | 1,169,109 |
Sources of Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Technical Services |  | $ | 323,656 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 323,656 |
Field and Emergency Response Services (1) |  | 132,359 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 132,359 |
Industrial Services and Other (2) |  | 308,838 |  |  | — |  |  | 72 |  |  | 308,910 |
Safety-Kleen Environmental Services |  | 175,945 |  |  | 44,388 |  |  | — |  |  | 220,333 |
Safety-Kleen Oil |  | — |  |  | 183,851 |  |  | — |  |  | 183,851 |
Total third-party revenues |  | $ | 940,798 |  |  | $ | 228,239 |  |  | $ | 72 |  |  | $ | 1,169,109 |

_____________
(1) Includes approximately $28.0 million of third-party revenues from the operations of the HydroChemPSC business
(2) Includes approximately $156.1 million of third-party revenues from the operations of the HydroChemPSC business

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
|  | Environmental Services |  | Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions |  | Corporate |  | Total
Primary Geographical Markets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 575,508 |  |  | $ | 138,990 |  |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 714,577 |
Canada |  | 77,370 |  |  | 16,201 |  |  | — |  |  | 93,571 |
Total third-party revenues |  | $ | 652,878 |  |  | $ | 155,191 |  |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 808,148 |
Sources of Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Technical Services |  | $ | 272,040 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 272,040 |
Field and Emergency Response Services |  | 105,168 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 105,168 |
Industrial Services and Other |  | 119,810 |  |  | — |  |  | 79 |  |  | 119,889 |
Safety-Kleen Environmental Services |  | 155,860 |  |  | 38,978 |  |  | — |  |  | 194,838 |
Safety-Kleen Oil |  | — |  |  | 116,213 |  |  | — |  |  | 116,213 |
Total third-party revenues |  | $ | 652,878 |  |  | $ | 155,191 |  |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 808,148 |

Contract Balances

(in thousands) |  | March 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Receivables |  | $ | 900,273 |  |  | $ | 792,734 |
Contract assets (unbilled receivables) |  | 123,945 |  |  | 94,963 |
Contract liabilities (deferred revenue) |  | 90,116 |  |  | 83,749 |

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed accounts receivable, unbilled receivables (contract assets) and customer advances and deposits or deferred revenue (contract liabilities) on the consolidated balance sheet. Generally, billing occurs subsequent to revenue recognition, as a right to payment is not just subject to passage of time, resulting in contract assets. Contract assets are generally classified as current. The Company sometimes receives advances or deposits from its customers before revenue is recognized, resulting in contract liabilities. These assets and liabilities are reported on the consolidated balance sheet on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. The contract liability balances at the beginning of each period presented were generally fully recognized in the subsequent three-month period.
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(4) BUSINESS COMBINATIONS
2021 Acquisitions
On October 8, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of LJ Energy Services Intermediate Holding Corp. and its subsidiaries (collectively, “HydroChemPSC”), a privately-owned company, for an all-cash purchase price of approximately $1.23 billion. HydroChemPSC is a leading U.S. provider of industrial cleaning, specialty maintenance and utilities services. These operations enhance and have been integrated into the Company's Environmental Services segment. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company received $5.0 million after finalizing the acquisition date working capital balances, which decreased the overall purchase price.
The allocation of the purchase price was based on estimates of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of October 8, 2021. The Company continues to obtain information to complete the valuation of these balances and the associated income tax accounting. Measurement period adjustments reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date, including the adjustment for the monies received for the working capital finalization noted above. The components and allocation of the purchase price consist of the following amounts (in thousands):

| At Acquisition Date As Reported December 31, 2021 |  | Measurement Period Adjustments |  | At Acquisition Date As Reported March 31, 2022
Accounts receivable, including unbilled receivables | $ | 131,924 |  |  | $ | (319) |  |  | $ | 131,605 |
Inventories and supplies | 3,162 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,162 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 16,016 |  |  | 268 |  |  | 16,284 |
Property, plant and equipment | 313,540 |  |  | — |  |  | 313,540 |
Other intangibles | 289,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 289,000 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 34,347 |  |  | 68 |  |  | 34,415 |
Other non-current assets | 1,045 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 1,043 |
Current liabilities | (115,704) |  |  | (818) |  |  | (116,522) |
Current portion of operating lease liabilities | (11,659) |  |  | 382 |  |  | (11,277) |
Operating lease liabilities, less current portion | (26,128) |  |  | (216) |  |  | (26,344) |
Deferred tax liabilities | (85,908) |  |  | 2,436 |  |  | (83,472) |
Other long-term liabilities | (2,685) |  |  | (242) |  |  | (2,927) |
Total identifiable net assets | 546,950 |  |  | 1,557 |  |  | 548,507 |
Goodwill (i) | 683,463 |  |  | (6,557) |  |  | 676,906 |
Total purchase price | $ | 1,230,413 |  |  | $ | (5,000) |  |  | $ | 1,225,413 |

_____________
(i) Goodwill represents the excess of the fair value of the net assets acquired over the purchase price. Goodwill of $676.9 million was assigned to the Environmental Sales & Service reporting unit and is attributable to the future economic benefits arising from the acquired operations, synergies and the acquired workforce of HydroChemPSC. None of the goodwill related to this acquisition will be deductible for tax purposes.
HydroChemPSC's results of operations have been included in the Company's financial statements for the period subsequent to the completion of the acquisition on October 8, 2021. The following unaudited supplemental pro-forma data presents consolidated information as if the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2021 (in thousands):

| Three months ended March 31, 2021
Pro forma combined revenues | $ | 986,188 |
Pro forma combined net income | 27,552 |

The pro forma results do not include any costs incurred directly attributable to the acquisition of HydroChemPSC. The pro forma results do reflect impacts resulting from the issuance of $1.0 billion senior secured term loans issued in connection with the acquisition assuming interest rates in effect at the time of the acquisition.
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This pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of the Company's consolidated operating results that would have been reported had the transactions been completed as described herein, nor is such information necessarily indicative of the Company's consolidated results for any future period. Interest expense used in calculating the pro forma net income did not contemplate the interest rate swap that the Company put in place in early 2022.
In addition to the HydroChemPSC acquisition, on March 27, 2021, the Company acquired a privately-owned business for $22.8 million cash consideration. The acquired company increases the Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions segment's network within the south central United States. In connection with this acquisition, a final goodwill amount of $16.3 million was recognized.
(5) INVENTORIES AND SUPPLIES
Inventories and supplies consisted of the following (in thousands):

| March 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Oil and oil related products | $ | 105,011 |  |  | $ | 101,965 |
Supplies | 136,031 |  |  | 126,602 |
Solvent and solutions | 9,141 |  |  | 8,099 |
Other | 14,550 |  |  | 14,026 |
Total inventories and supplies | $ | 264,733 |  |  | $ | 250,692 |

Supplies inventories consist primarily of critical spare parts to support the Company's incinerator and re-refinery operations, personal protective equipment and other general supplies used in our normal day-to-day operations. Other inventories consist primarily of parts washer components, cleaning fluids, absorbents and automotive fluids, such as windshield washer fluid and antifreeze.
(6) PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):

| March 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Land | $ | 174,480 |  |  | $ | 165,010 |
Asset retirement costs (non-landfill) | 19,154 |  |  | 19,105 |
Landfill assets | 208,481 |  |  | 205,873 |
Buildings and improvements (1) | 568,493 |  |  | 551,795 |
Camp equipment | 129,304 |  |  | 127,680 |
Vehicles (2) | 926,148 |  |  | 912,836 |
Equipment (3) | 2,116,923 |  |  | 2,092,395 |
Furniture and fixtures | 6,390 |  |  | 6,444 |
Construction in progress | 75,578 |  |  | 60,447 |
| 4,224,951 |  |  | 4,141,585 |
Less - accumulated depreciation and amortization | 2,343,409 |  |  | 2,278,410 |
Total property, plant and equipment, net | $ | 1,881,542 |  |  | $ | 1,863,175 |

________________
(1) Balances inclusive of gross right-of-use ("ROU") assets classified as finance leases of $8.0 million and $8.9 million respectively.
(2) Balances inclusive of gross ROU assets classified as finance leases of $82.4 million and $77.7 million, respectively.
(3) Balances inclusive of gross ROU assets classified as finance leases of $9.3 million in both periods.
Depreciation expense, inclusive of landfill and finance lease amortization, was $72.1 million and $64.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
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(7) GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The changes in goodwill by segment for the three months ended March 31, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

| Environmental Services |  | Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions |  | Totals
Balance at January 1, 2022 | $ | 1,085,534 |  |  | $ | 141,508 |  |  | $ | 1,227,042 |
Measurement period adjustments from prior period acquisitions | (6,557) |  |  | — |  |  | (6,557) |
Foreign currency translation | 671 |  |  | 243 |  |  | 914 |
Balance at March 31, 2022 | $ | 1,079,648 |  |  | $ | 141,751 |  |  | $ | 1,221,399 |

The Company assesses goodwill on an annual basis as of December 31 or at an interim date when events or changes in the business environment (“triggering events”) would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. During the period ended March 31, 2022, no such triggering events were identified.
As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company's intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

| March 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
| Cost |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net |  | Cost |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net
Permits | $ | 188,204 |  |  | $ | 104,586 |  |  | $ | 83,618 |  |  | $ | 187,519 |  |  | $ | 102,408 |  |  | $ | 85,111 |
Customer and supplier relationships | 577,017 |  |  | 222,560 |  |  | 354,457 |  |  | 576,474 |  |  | 214,776 |  |  | 361,698 |
Other intangible assets | 94,357 |  |  | 22,340 |  |  | 72,017 |  |  | 94,271 |  |  | 19,359 |  |  | 74,912 |
Total amortizable permits and other intangible assets | 859,578 |  |  | 349,486 |  |  | 510,092 |  |  | 858,264 |  |  | 336,543 |  |  | 521,721 |
Trademarks and trade names | 123,353 |  |  | — |  |  | 123,353 |  |  | 123,191 |  |  | — |  |  | 123,191 |
Total permits and other intangible assets | $ | 982,931 |  |  | $ | 349,486 |  |  | $ | 633,445 |  |  | $ | 981,455 |  |  | $ | 336,543 |  |  | $ | 644,912 |

Amortization expense of permits, customer and supplier relationships and other intangible assets was $12.2 million and $7.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
The expected amortization of the net carrying amount of finite-lived intangible assets at March 31, 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

Years Ending December 31, | Expected Amortization
2022 (nine months) | $ | 36,803 |
2023 | 44,826 |
2024 | 39,342 |
2025 | 38,132 |
2026 | 36,328 |
Thereafter | 314,661 |
| $ | 510,092 |

(8) ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

| March 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Accrued insurance | $ | 99,819 |  |  | $ | 102,853 |
Accrued interest | 9,271 |  |  | 19,785 |
Accrued compensation and benefits | 101,486 |  |  | 133,604 |
Accrued income, real estate, sales and other taxes | 42,758 |  |  | 29,954 |
Interest rate swap liability | 1,622 |  |  | 17,383 |
Accrued other | 83,879 |  |  | 87,835 |
| $ | 338,835 |  |  | $ | 391,414 |

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(9) CLOSURE AND POST-CLOSURE LIABILITIES
The changes to closure and post-closure liabilities (also referred to as “asset retirement obligations”) from January 1, 2022 through March 31, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

| Landfill Retirement Liability |  | Non-Landfill Retirement Liability |  | Total
Balance at January 1, 2022 | $ | 53,425 |  |  | $ | 45,678 |  |  | $ | 99,103 |
New asset retirement obligations | 891 |  |  | — |  |  | 891 |
Accretion | 1,129 |  |  | 982 |  |  | 2,111 |
Changes in estimates recorded to consolidated statement of operations | — |  |  | 53 |  |  | 53 |
Changes in estimates recorded to consolidated balance sheet | — |  |  | 37 |  |  | 37 |
Expenditures | (1,604) |  |  | (27) |  |  | (1,631) |
Currency translation and other | 98 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 135 |
Balance at March 31, 2022 | $ | 53,939 |  |  | $ | 46,760 |  |  | $ | 100,699 |

In the three months ended March 31, 2022, there were no significant charges or benefits resulting from changes in estimates for closure and post-closure liabilities.
New asset retirement obligations incurred during the first three months of 2022 were discounted at the credit-adjusted risk-free rate of 5.37%.
(10) REMEDIAL LIABILITIES
The changes to remedial liabilities from January 1, 2022 through March 31, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

| Remedial Liabilities for Landfill Sites |  | Remedial Liabilities for Inactive Sites |  | Remedial Liabilities (Including Superfund) for Non-Landfill Operations |  | Total
Balance at January 1, 2022 | $ | 1,780 |  |  | $ | 59,787 |  |  | $ | 50,306 |  |  | $ | 111,873 |
Liability assumed in acquisition of real estate | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13,073 |  |  | 13,073 |
Measurement period adjustment from a prior period acquisition | — |  |  | — |  |  | 242 |  |  | 242 |
Accretion | 21 |  |  | 624 |  |  | 400 |  |  | 1,045 |
Changes in estimates recorded to consolidated statement of operations | 1 |  |  | 190 |  |  | 68 |  |  | 259 |
Expenditures | (12) |  |  | (721) |  |  | (1,251) |  |  | (1,984) |
Currency translation and other | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | 211 |  |  | 221 |
Balance at March 31, 2022 | $ | 1,790 |  |  | $ | 59,890 |  |  | $ | 63,049 |  |  | $ | 124,729 |

In the three months ended March 31, 2022, there were no significant benefits or charges resulting from changes in estimates for remedial liabilities. The $13.1 million liability assumed in acquisition relates to real estate that the Company acquired in 2022. In purchasing the property, the Company assumed a known associated remedial liability, which was contemplated in the purchase price.
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(11) FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS
Long-term Debt
The following table is a summary of the Company’s long-term debt (in thousands):

Current Portion of Long-Term Debt: | March 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Secured senior term loans | $ | 17,535 |  |  | $ | 17,535 |
Long-Term Debt: |  |  |
Secured senior term loans due June 30, 2024 ("2024 Term Loans") | $ | 710,207 |  |  | $ | 712,091 |
Secured senior term loans due October 8, 2028 ("2028 Term Loans") | 987,500 |  |  | 990,000 |
Unsecured senior notes, at 4.875%, due July 15, 2027 ("2027 Notes") | 545,000 |  |  | 545,000 |
Unsecured senior notes, at 5.125%, due July 15, 2029 ("2029 Notes") | 300,000 |  |  | 300,000 |
Long-term debt, at par | $ | 2,542,707 |  |  | $ | 2,547,091 |
Unamortized debt issuance costs and discount, net | (28,763) |  |  | (30,067) |
Long-term debt, at carrying value | $ | 2,513,944 |  |  | $ | 2,517,024 |

Financing Activities
As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the estimated fair value of the Company’s outstanding long-term debt, including the current portion, was $2.5 billion and $2.6 billion, respectively. The Company’s estimates of fair value of its long-term debt, including the current portion, are based on quoted market prices or other available market data which are considered Level 2 measures according to the fair value hierarchy. Level 2 utilizes quoted market prices in markets that are not active, broker or dealer quotations or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency for similar assets and liabilities.
The Company maintains a $400.0 million revolving credit facility under which the Company had no outstanding loan balances as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. As of March 31, 2022, the Company had $290.3 million available to borrow under the revolving credit facility and outstanding letters of credit were $109.7 million. Subject to certain conditions, this credit facility will expire in October 2025.
Cash Flow Hedges
The Company’s strategy to hedge against fluctuations in variable interest rates involves entering into interest rate derivative agreements.
Although the interest rates on the Term Loans are variable, the Company has effectively fixed the interest rate on $350.0 million principal of the outstanding 2024 Term Loans by entering into interest rate swap agreements in 2018 with a notional amount of $350.0 million ("2018 Swaps"). Under the terms of the 2018 Swaps, the Company receives interest based on the one-month LIBOR index and pays interest at a weighted average rate of approximately 2.92%, resulting in a fixed effective annual interest rate of approximately 4.67%.
In January 2022, the Company entered into interest rate swap agreements ("2022 Swaps") with a notional amount of $600.0 million to effectively fix the interest rate on $600.0 million principal of the outstanding 2028 Term Loans. Under the terms of the 2022 Swaps' agreements, the Company will receive interest based upon the variable rates on the 2028 Term Loans and pay a fixed amount of interest. The fixed rate on these instruments is 0.931% through June 30, 2023 and then increases to 1.9645% from July 1, 2023 through September 30, 2027. The variable rate on these instruments is designed to both mirror the current 2028 Term Loan interest payments and the successor rate upon the eventual sunsetting of the LIBOR rate. Under the terms of the 2022 Swaps, the Company currently receives interest based on one-month LIBOR index and pays interest at a weighted average rate of 0.931%, resulting in a fixed effective annual interest rate of approximately 2.931%.
The Company has designated both the 2018 Swaps and the 2022 Swaps (collectively referred to as the “Swaps”) as cash flow hedges. The Company recognizes the fair value of the derivative instruments by counterparty as either a net asset, included in Other Assets, or net liability, included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities, on the consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31, 2022, the Company recorded a related derivative asset with a fair value of $16.6 million and a related derivative liability with a fair value of $1.6 million. As of December 31, 2021, the derivative liability totaled $17.4 million.
The fair value of the Swaps are measured using discounted cash flow valuation methodologies based upon the yield curves of the relevant variable rate indexes that are observable at commonly quoted intervals for the term of the Swaps and as such is considered a Level 2 measure according to the fair value hierarchy.
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No ineffectiveness has been identified on the Swaps and, therefore the change in fair value is recorded in stockholders' equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. Amounts are reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into interest expense on the consolidated statement of operations in the same period or periods during which the hedged transactions affect earnings.
(12) INCOME TAXES
The Company records a tax provision or benefit on an interim basis using an estimated annual effective tax rate. This rate is applied to the current period ordinary income or loss to determine the income tax provision or benefit allocated to the interim period. Losses from jurisdictions for which no benefit can be recognized and the income tax effects of unusual or infrequent items are excluded from the estimated annual effective tax rate and are recognized in the impacted interim period. The estimated annual effective tax rate may be significantly impacted by projected earnings mix by tax jurisdiction. Adjustments to the estimated annual effective income tax rate are recognized in the period when such estimates are revised. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was 27.8%, compared to 31.5%, respectively, for the comparable period in 2021.
As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had recorded $3.7 million and $5.5 million, respectively, of gross liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits and $1.9 million and $2.3 million, respectively, of accrued interest.
(13) EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following are computations of basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):

|  |  | Three Months Ended
|  |  | March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  |  |  |  | $ | 45,314 |  |  | $ | 21,736 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average basic shares outstanding |  |  |  |  | 54,408 |  |  | 54,723 |
Dilutive effect of outstanding stock awards |  |  |  |  | 264 |  |  | 320 |
Dilutive shares outstanding |  |  |  |  | 54,672 |  |  | 55,043 |
Basic earnings per share: |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.83 |  |  | $ | 0.40 |
Diluted earnings per share: |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.83 |  |  | $ | 0.39 |

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, all then outstanding performance awards and restricted stock awards were included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share except for 153,985 and 34,219, respectively, of performance stock awards for which the performance criteria were not attained at the reporting dates and 19,500 and 6,000, respectively, of restricted stock awards which were excluded as their inclusion would have an antidilutive effect.
(14) ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
The changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component and related tax impacts for the three months ended March 31, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

| Foreign Currency Translation |  | Unrealized (Loss) Gain on Available-For-Sale Securities |  | Unrealized (Loss) Gain on Interest Rate Hedge |  | Unrealized Loss on Unfunded Pension Liability |  | Total
Balance at January 1, 2022 | $ | (177,824) |  |  | $ | (150) |  |  | $ | (17,383) |  |  | $ | (655) |  |  | $ | (196,012) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 6,512 |  |  | (668) |  |  | 29,177 |  |  | (10) |  |  | 35,011 |
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,194 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,194 |
Tax benefit (provision) | — |  |  | 140 |  |  | (4,496) |  |  | — |  |  | (4,356) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 6,512 |  |  | (528) |  |  | 27,875 |  |  | (10) |  |  | 33,849 |
Balance at March 31, 2022 | $ | (171,312) |  |  | $ | (678) |  |  | $ | 10,492 |  |  | $ | (665) |  |  | $ | (162,163) |

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The amount reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss into the consolidated statement of operations, with presentation location, during the three months ended March 31, 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Component |  |  |  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 |  | Location
Unrealized loss on interest rate hedge |  |  |  | $ | (3,194) |  |  | Interest expense, net of interest income

(15) STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Total stock-based compensation cost charged to selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was $5.7 million and $3.5 million, respectively. The total income tax benefit recognized in the consolidated statements of operations from stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was $1.1 million and $0.7 million, respectively.
Restricted Stock Awards
The following table summarizes information about restricted stock awards for the three months ended March 31, 2022:

Restricted Stock | Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Balance at January 1, 2022 | 452,197 |  |  | $ | 76.88 |
Granted | 99,099 |  |  | 92.17 |
Vested | (18,368) |  |  | 64.48 |
Forfeited | (4,629) |  |  | 77.60 |
Balance at March 31, 2022 | 528,299 |  |  | 80.17 |

As of March 31, 2022, there was $31.1 million of total unrecognized compensation cost arising from restricted stock awards. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.1 years. The total fair value of restricted stock vested during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was $1.7 million and $4.0 million, respectively.
Performance Stock Awards
Performance stock awards are subject to performance criteria established by the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors prior to or at the date of grant. The vesting of the performance stock awards is based on achieving targets currently based on revenue, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA Margin, Return on Invested Capital and Total Recordable Incident Rate. In addition, performance stock awards include continued service conditions.
The following table summarizes information about performance stock awards for the three months ended March 31, 2022:

Performance Stock | Number of Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Balance at January 1, 2022 | 169,757 |  |  | $ | 85.56 |
Granted | 145,861 |  |  | 91.75 |
Vested | (35,718) |  |  | 86.14 |
Forfeited | (1,021) |  |  | 84.88 |
Balance at March 31, 2022 | 278,879 |  |  | 88.73 |

As of March 31, 2022, there was $11.1 million of total unrecognized compensation cost arising from unvested performance stock awards deemed probable of vesting. The total fair value of performance awards vested during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was $3.8 million and $6.4 million, respectively.
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(16) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Legal and Administrative Proceedings
The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to legal proceedings and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. Actions filed against the Company arise from commercial and employment-related claims including alleged class actions related to sales practices and wage and hour claims. The plaintiffs in these actions may be seeking damages or injunctive relief or both. These actions are in various jurisdictions and stages of proceedings, and some are covered in part by insurance. In addition, the Company’s waste management services operations are regulated by federal, state, provincial and local laws enacted to regulate discharge of materials into the environment, remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater or otherwise protect the environment. This ongoing regulation results in the Company frequently becoming a party to legal or administrative proceedings involving all levels of governmental authorities and other interested parties. The issues involved in such proceedings generally relate to alleged violations of existing permits and licenses or alleged responsibility under federal or state Superfund laws to remediate contamination at properties owned either by the Company or by other parties (“third-party sites”) to which either the Company or the prior owners of certain of the Company’s facilities shipped waste.
At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had recorded reserves of $36.2 million and $36.1 million, respectively, in the Company's financial statements for actual or probable liabilities related to the legal and administrative proceedings in which the Company was then involved, the principal of which are described below. In management's opinion, it is not reasonably possible that the potential liability beyond what has been recorded, if any, that may result from these actions, either individually or collectively, will have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. The Company periodically adjusts the aggregate amount of these reserves when actual or probable liabilities are paid or otherwise discharged, new claims arise or additional relevant information about existing or probable claims becomes available. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the $36.2 million and $36.1 million, respectively, of reserves consisted of (i) $24.0 million and $24.1 million, respectively, related to pending legal or administrative proceedings, including Superfund liabilities, which were included in remedial liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, and (ii) $12.2 million and $12.0 million, respectively, primarily related to federal, state and provincial enforcement actions, which were included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
As of March 31, 2022, the Company's principal legal and administrative proceedings were as follows:
Ville Mercier. In September 2002, the Company acquired the stock of a subsidiary (the "Mercier Subsidiary") which owns a hazardous waste incinerator in Ville Mercier, Quebec (the "Mercier Facility"). The property adjacent to the Mercier Facility, which is also owned by the Mercier Subsidiary, is now contaminated as a result of actions dating back to 1968, when the Government of Quebec issued two permits to dump organic liquids into lagoons on the property to a company unrelated to the Mercier Subsidiary. In 1999, Ville Mercier and three neighboring municipalities filed separate legal proceedings against the Mercier Subsidiary and the Government of Quebec. In 2012, the municipalities amended their existing statement of claim to seek $2.9 million (CAD) in general damages and $10.0 million (CAD) in punitive damages, plus interest and costs, as well as injunctive relief. Both the Government of Quebec and the Company have filed summary judgment motions against the municipalities. The parties are attempting to negotiate a resolution and hearings on the motions have been delayed. In September 2007, the Quebec Minister of Sustainable Development, Environment and Parks issued a notice pursuant to Section 115.1 of the Environment Quality Act, superseding notices issued in 1992, which are the subject of the pending litigation. The more recent notice notifies the Mercier Subsidiary that, if the Mercier Subsidiary does not take certain remedial measures at the site, the Minister intends to undertake those measures at the site and claim direct and indirect costs related to such measures. The Company has accrued for costs expected to be incurred relative to the resolution of this matter and believes this matter will not have future material effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Safety-Kleen Legal Proceedings. On December 28, 2012, the Company acquired Safety-Kleen, Inc. ("Safety-Kleen") and thereby became subject to the legal proceedings in which Safety-Kleen was a party on that date. In addition to certain Superfund proceedings in which Safety-Kleen has been named as a potentially responsible party as described below under “Superfund Proceedings,” the principal such legal proceedings involving Safety-Kleen which were outstanding as of March 31, 2022 were as follows:
Product Liability Cases. Safety-Kleen has been named as a defendant in various lawsuits that are currently pending in various courts and jurisdictions throughout the United States, including approximately 61 proceedings (excluding cases which have been settled but not formally dismissed) as of March 31, 2022, wherein persons claim personal injury resulting from the use of Safety-Kleen's parts washer equipment or cleaning products. These proceedings typically involve allegations that the solvent used in Safety-Kleen's parts washer equipment contains contaminants and/or that Safety-Kleen's recycling process does not effectively remove the contaminants that become entrained in the solvent during their use. In addition, certain claimants assert that Safety-Kleen
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failed to adequately warn the product user of potential risks, including a historic failure to warn that solvent contains trace amounts of toxic or hazardous substances such as benzene.
The Company maintains insurance that it believes will provide coverage for these product liability claims (over amounts accrued for self-insured retentions and deductibles in certain limited cases), except for punitive damages to the extent not insurable under state law or excluded from insurance coverage. The Company also believes that these claims lack merit and has historically vigorously defended, and intends to continue to vigorously defend, itself and the safety of its products against all these claims. Such matters are subject to many uncertainties and outcomes are not predictable with assurance. Consequently, the Company is unable to ascertain the ultimate aggregate amount of monetary liability or financial impact with respect to these matters as of March 31, 2022. From January 1, 2022 to March 31, 2022, four product liability claims were settled or dismissed. Due to the nature of these claims and the related insurance, the Company did not incur any expense as insurance provided coverage in full for all such claims. Safety-Kleen may be named in similar, additional lawsuits in the future, including claims for which insurance coverage may not be available.
Superfund Proceedings
The Company has been notified that either the Company or the prior owners of certain of the Company's facilities for which the Company may have certain indemnification obligations have been identified as potentially responsible parties ("PRPs") or potential PRPs in connection with 131 sites which are subject to or are proposed to become subject to proceedings under federal or state Superfund laws. Of the 131 Superfund related sites, six (including the BR Facility described below) involve facilities that are now owned or leased by the Company and 125 involve third-party sites to which either the Company or the prior owners of certain of the Company’s facilities shipped wastes. Of the 125 third-party sites, 30 are now settled, 15 are currently requiring expenditures on remediation and 80 are not currently requiring expenditures on remediation.
In connection with each site, the Company has estimated the extent, if any, to which it may be subject, either directly or as a result of any indemnification obligations, for cleanup and remediation costs, related legal and consulting costs associated with PRP investigations, settlements and related legal and administrative proceedings. The amount of such actual and potential liability is inherently difficult to estimate because of, among other relevant factors, uncertainties as to the legal liability, if any, of the Company or the prior owners of certain of the Company's facilities to contribute a portion of the cleanup costs, the assumptions that must be made in calculating the estimated cost and timing of remediation, the identification of other PRPs and their respective capability and obligation to contribute to remediation efforts and the existence and legal standing of indemnification agreements, if any, with prior owners, which may either benefit the Company or subject the Company to potential indemnification obligations. The Company believes its potential liability could exceed $1.0 million at three of the 131 Superfund related sites.
BR Facility. The Company acquired in 2002 a former hazardous waste incinerator and landfill in Baton Rouge (the "BR Facility"), for which operations had been previously discontinued by the prior owner. In September 2007, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") issued a special notice letter to the Company related to the Devil's Swamp Lake Site ("Devil's Swamp") in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana. Devil's Swamp includes a lake located downstream of an outfall ditch where wastewater and storm water have been discharged, and Devil's Swamp is proposed to be included on the National Priorities List due to the presence of Contaminants of Concern ("COC") cited by the EPA. These COCs include substances of the kind found in wastewater and storm water discharged from the BR Facility in past operations. The EPA originally requested COC generators to submit a good faith offer to conduct a remedial investigation feasibility study directed towards the eventual remediation of the site. In 2018, the Company completed performing corrective actions at the BR Facility under an order issued by the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality and has also completed conducting the remedial investigation feasibility study for Devil's Swamp under the order issued by the EPA at which point the feasibility study, with several remedial alternatives, was submitted to the EPA for review. During 2020, the EPA signed a Record of Decision which defined the remediation alternative selected and approved by the EPA and in return, the Company increased the estimated remedial liability for this inactive site by $3.3 million. Changes in the natural landscape and/or new information identified during the remediation could impact this estimate; however, any such changes are not expected to have a future material effect on the Company's financial position, liquidity or results of operation.
Third-Party Sites. Of the 125 third-party Superfund sites at which the Company has been notified it is a PRP or potential PRP or may have indemnification obligations, the Company has an indemnification agreement at a total of 11 sites. These agreements indemnify the Company (which now includes Safety-Kleen) with respect to any liability at the 11 sites for waste disposed prior to the Company's (or Safety-Kleen's) acquisition of the former subsidiaries of Waste Management, McKesson and six other entity which had shipped wastes to those sites. Accordingly, the indemnifying parties are paying all costs of defending those subsidiaries in those 17 cases, including legal fees and settlement costs. However, there can be no guarantee that the Company's ultimate liabilities for those sites will not exceed the amount recorded or that indemnities applicable to any of these sites will be available to pay all or a portion of related costs. Except for the indemnification agreements which the Company holds from
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ChemWaste, McKesson and one other entity, the Company does not have an indemnity agreement with respect to any of the 125 third-party sites discussed above.
Federal, State and Provincial Enforcement Actions
From time to time, the Company pays fines or penalties in regulatory proceedings relating primarily to waste treatment, storage or disposal facilities. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were two proceeding for which the Company reasonably believes that the sanctions could equal or exceed $1.0 million. The Company believes that the fines or other penalties in these or any of the other regulatory proceedings will not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material effect on its financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
(17) SEGMENT REPORTING
Segment reporting is prepared on the same basis that the Company's chief executive officer, who is the Company's chief operating decision maker, manages the business, makes operating decisions and assesses performance. The Company is managed and reports as two operating segments; (i) the Environmental Services segment and (ii) the Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions segment.
Third-party revenue is revenue billed to outside customers by a particular segment. Direct revenues is revenue allocated to the segment providing the product or service. Intersegment revenues represent the sharing of third-party revenues among the segments based on products and services provided by each segment as if the products and services were sold directly to the third-party. Transactions between the segments are accounted for at the Company’s best estimate based on similar transactions with outside customers. The intersegment revenues are shown net. The operations not managed through the Company’s operating segments described above are recorded as “Corporate Items.”
The following table reconciles third-party revenues to direct revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

| For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 |  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
| Third-party revenues |  | Intersegment revenues, net |  |  |  | Direct revenues |  | Third-party revenues |  | Intersegment revenues, net |  | Direct revenues
Environmental Services | $ | 940,798 |  |  | $ | 6,647 |  |  |  |  | $ | 947,445 |  |  | $ | 652,878 |  |  | $ | 1,724 |  |  | $ | 654,602 |
Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions | 228,239 |  |  | (6,647) |  |  |  |  | 221,592 |  |  | 155,191 |  |  | (1,724) |  |  | 153,467 |
Corporate Items | 72 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 72 |  |  | 79 |  |  | — |  |  | 79 |
Total | $ | 1,169,109 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,169,109 |  |  | $ | 808,148 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 808,148 |

The primary financial measure by which the Company evaluates the performance of its segments is "Adjusted EBITDA," which consists of net income plus accretion of environmental liabilities, stock-based compensation, depreciation and amortization, net interest expense, loss on early extinguishment of debt, provision for income taxes and excludes other gains, losses or non-cash charges not deemed representative of fundamental segment results and other (income) expense, net.
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The following table presents Adjusted EBITDA information used by management by reported segment (in thousands):

|  |  | For the Three Months Ended
|  |  | March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Adjusted EBITDA: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Environmental Services |  |  |  |  | $ | 183,602 |  |  | $ | 140,254 |
Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions |  |  |  |  | 51,877 |  |  | 31,632 |
Corporate Items |  |  |  |  | (55,220) |  |  | (42,435) |
Total |  |  |  |  | 180,259 |  |  | 129,451 |
Reconciliation to Consolidated Statements of Operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accretion of environmental liabilities |  |  |  |  | 3,156 |  |  | 2,953 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  | 5,712 |  |  | 3,480 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  | 84,298 |  |  | 72,163 |
Income from operations |  |  |  |  | 87,093 |  |  | 50,855 |
Other (income) expense, net |  |  |  |  | (704) |  |  | 1,228 |
Interest expense, net of interest income |  |  |  |  | 25,017 |  |  | 17,918 |
Income before provision for income taxes |  |  |  |  | $ | 62,780 |  |  | $ | 31,709 |

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Forward-Looking Statements
In addition to historical information, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements, which are generally identifiable by use of the words "believes," "expects," "intends," "anticipates," "plans to," "seeks," "should," "estimates," "projects," "may," "likely" or similar expressions. Such statements may include, but are not limited to, statements about future financial and operating results, the Company's plans, objectives, expectations and intentions and other statements that are not historical facts. Forward-looking statements are neither historical facts nor assurances of future performance. Such statements are based upon the beliefs and expectations of Clean Harbors' management as of this date only and are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially, including, without limitation, those items identified as "Risk Factors,” in this report under Item 1A and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on February 23, 2022, and in other documents we file from time to time with the SEC. Therefore, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s opinions only as of the date hereof. Our actual results and financial condition may differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements. Clean Harbors undertakes no obligation to revise or publicly release the results of any revision to these forward-looking statements other than through its filings with the SEC, which may be viewed in the "Investors" section of the Clean Harbors website.
Overview
We are North America’s leading provider of environmental and industrial services supporting our customers in finding environmentally responsible solutions to further their sustainability goals in today's world. Everywhere industry meets the environment, we strive to provide eco-friendly products and services that protect and restore North America's natural environment. We believe we operate, in the aggregate, the largest number of hazardous waste incinerators, landfills and treatment, storage and disposal facilities ("TSDFs") in North America. We serve a diverse customer base, including Fortune 500 companies, across the chemical, energy, manufacturing and additional markets, as well as numerous government agencies. These customers rely on us to deliver a broad range of services including but not limited to end-to-end hazardous waste management, emergency response, industrial cleaning and maintenance and recycling services. We believe we are also the largest re-refiner and recycler of used oil in North America and the largest provider of parts washer and related environmental services to commercial, industrial and automotive customers in North America.
Performance of our segments is evaluated on several factors of which the primary financial measure is Adjusted EBITDA, as reconciled to our net income and described more fully below. The following is a discussion of how management evaluates its segments in regards to other factors including key performance indicators that management uses to assess the segments’ results, as well as certain macroeconomic trends and influences that impact each reportable segment:
•Environmental Services - Environmental Services segment results are predicated upon customer demand for waste services, waste volumes generated by such services and project work for which waste handling and/or disposal is required. Environmental Services results are also impacted by the demand for planned and unplanned industrial related cleaning and maintenance services at customer sites and environmental cleanup services on a scheduled or emergency basis, including response to national events such as major chemical spills, natural disasters, or other events where immediate and specialized services are required, including our contagion disinfection, decontamination and disposal services. With the addition of the Safety-Kleen core service offerings, (e.g. containerized waste disposal, parts washer and vacuum services), the Environmental Services results are further impacted by the volumes of waste collected from these customers, the overall number of parts washers placed at customer sites and the demand for and frequency of other offered services. In managing the business and evaluating performance, management tracks the volumes and mix of waste handled and disposed of or recycled, generally through our incinerators, TSDFs and landfills, the utilization rates of our incinerators, equipment and workforce, including billable hours, and number of parts washer services performed, among other key metrics. Levels of activity and ultimate performance associated with this segment can be impacted by several factors including overall U.S. GDP, U.S. industrial production, economic conditions in the automotive, manufacturing and other industrial markets, weather conditions, efficiency of our operations, technology, changing regulations, competition, market pricing of our services, costs incurred to deliver our services and the management of our related operating costs.
•Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions - Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions segment results are impacted by our customers' demand for high-quality, environmentally responsible recycled oil products and their demand for our related service offerings and products. Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions offers high quality recycled base and blended oil products to end users including fleet customers, distributors and manufacturers of oil products. Segment results are
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impacted by overall demand as well as product mix as it relates to these oil products. Segment results are also predicated on the demand for the Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions other product and service offerings including collection services for used oil, used oil filters and other automotive fluids. These fluid collections are used as feedstock in our oil re-refining to make our base and blended oil products and our recycled automotive related fluid products or are integrated into the Clean Harbors' recycling and disposal network. In operating the business and evaluating performance, management tracks the volumes and relative percentages of base and blended oil sales along with various pricing metrics associated with the commodity driven margin. Management also tracks the volumes and pricing of used oil and automotive fluid collections. Levels of activity and ultimate performance associated with this segment can be impacted by economic conditions in the automotive services and manufacturing markets, efficiency of our operations, technology, weather conditions, changing regulations, competition, the management of our related operating costs and the availability of raw materials including used oil and additives. Costs incurred in connection with the collection of used oil and other raw materials associated with the segment’s oil related products can also be volatile. The overall market price of oil and regulations that change the possible usage of used oil, including the International Maritime Organization's 2020 regulation ("IMO 2020") and other regulations related to the burning of used motor oil as a fuel, both impact the premium the segment can charge for used oil collections.
Highlights
Total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2022 were $1,169.1 million, compared with $808.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. Our Environmental Services segment direct revenues increased $292.8 million or 44.7% from the comparable period in 2021. Our acquisition of HydroChemPSC on October 8, 2021 contributed to increases in both our industrial services and field and emergency response service offerings within the Environmental Services segment with core organic growth also contributing to the overall increase. In the three months ended March 31, 2022, our Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions segment direct revenues increased $68.1 million or 44.4% from the comparable period in 2021 predominately due to higher pricing of our base and blended oil products.
In the three months ended March 31, 2022, costs have increased in both the Environmental Services and Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions segments when comparing to the prior year given the increase in business levels, revenue mix and inflationary pressures seen across several cost categories.
We reported income from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 of $87.1 million, compared with $50.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2021, and net income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 of $45.3 million, compared with net income of $21.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2021. The increases in these earnings measures were 71.3% and 108.5% respectively.
Adjusted EBITDA, which is the primary financial measure by which our segments are evaluated, increased 39.2% to $180.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022 from $129.5 million in the three months ended March 31, 2021. This improved performance was primarily driven by the increased revenue levels noted above, and strong spread management as it relates to the pricing of base oil products and used motor oil collection services in the Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions segment. Additional information, including a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, appears below under "Adjusted EBITDA."
Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $38.6 million, as compared to net cash from operating activities of $103.0 million in the comparable period of 2021. Adjusted free cash flow, which management uses to measure our financial strength and ability to generate cash, was an outflow of $107.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to positive adjusted free cash flow of $62.3 million in the comparable period of 2021. These expected decreases in our cash flows were the result of an increase in working capital, comparatively higher incentive compensation and interest payments and higher levels of cash spending on the acquisition of property, plant and equipment, partially offset by higher operating income. Additional information, including a reconciliation of adjusted free cash flow to net cash (used in) from operating activities, appears below under "Adjusted Free Cash Flow."
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Segment Performance
The primary financial measure by which we evaluate the performance of our segments is Adjusted EBITDA, as described below under "Adjusted EBITDA". The following table sets forth certain financial information associated with our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021 (in thousands, except percentages):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Summary of Operations
|  |  | For the Three Months Ended
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | March 31, 2022 |  | March 31, 2021 |  | Change |  | % Change
Direct Revenues(1): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Environmental Services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 947,445 |  |  | $ | 654,602 |  |  | $ | 292,843 |  |  | 44.7%
Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 221,592 |  |  | 153,467 |  |  | 68,125 |  |  | 44.4
Corporate Items |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 72 |  |  | 79 |  |  | (7) |  |  | N/M
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,169,109 |  |  | 808,148 |  |  | 360,961 |  |  | 44.7
Cost of Revenues(2): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Environmental Services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 685,336 |  |  | 451,255 |  |  | 234,081 |  |  | 51.9
Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 152,017 |  |  | 108,376 |  |  | 43,641 |  |  | 40.3
Corporate Items |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,036 |  |  | 905 |  |  | 5,131 |  |  | N/M
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 843,389 |  |  | 560,536 |  |  | 282,853 |  |  | 50.5
Selling, General & Administrative Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Environmental Services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 78,507 |  |  | 63,093 |  |  | 15,414 |  |  | 24.4
Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 17,698 |  |  | 13,459 |  |  | 4,239 |  |  | 31.5
Corporate Items |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 54,968 |  |  | 45,089 |  |  | 9,879 |  |  | 21.9
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 151,173 |  |  | 121,641 |  |  | 29,532 |  |  | 24.3
Adjusted EBITDA: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Environmental Services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 183,602 |  |  | 140,254 |  |  | 43,348 |  |  | 30.9
Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 51,877 |  |  | 31,632 |  |  | 20,245 |  |  | 64.0
Corporate Items |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (55,220) |  |  | (42,435) |  |  | (12,785) |  |  | (30.1)
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 180,259 |  |  | $ | 129,451 |  |  | $ | 50,808 |  |  | 39.2%
Adjusted EBITDA as a % of Direct Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Environmental Services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 19.4 | % |  | 21.4 | % |  | (2.0) | % |  |
Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 23.4 | % |  | 20.6 | % |  | 2.8 | % |  |
Corporate Items |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | N/M |  | N/M |  | N/M |  |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15.4 | % |  | 16.0 | % |  | (0.6) | % |  |

_____________________
N/M = not meaningful
(1)Direct revenue is revenue allocated to the segment performing the provided service.
(2)Cost of revenue is shown exclusive of items presented separately on the consolidated statements of operations which consist of (i) accretion of environmental liabilities and (ii) depreciation and amortization.
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Direct Revenues
There are many factors which have impacted and continue to impact our revenues including, but not limited to: overall levels of industrial activity and economic growth in North America, existence or non-existence of large scale environmental waste and remediation projects, competitive industry pricing, miles driven and related lubricant demand, impacts of acquisitions and divestitures, the level of emergency response services, weather related events, base and blended oil pricing, market changes relative to the collection of used oil, our ability to manage the spread between oil product prices and prices for the collection of used oil, the number of parts washers placed at customer sites and foreign currency translation. In addition, customer efforts to minimize hazardous waste and changes in regulation can also impact our revenues.
Environmental Services

|  |  | For the Three Months Ended
|  |  |  |  | March 31, |  | 2022 over 2021
(in thousands, except percentages) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change |  | % Change
Direct revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 947,445 |  |  | $ | 654,602 |  |  | $ | 292,843 |  |  | 44.7 | %

Environmental Services direct revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2022 increased $292.8 million from the comparable period in 2021 driven primarily from the incremental business from the HydroChemPSC operations within industrial service and field and emergency response service revenues coupled with organic growth across many service offerings. Direct revenues of our industrial service offerings increased $184.4 million of which approximately $155.8 million was generated by HydroChemPSC while the remainder was primarily due to increased demand for our core industrial services. Technical services revenues increased $63.8 million largely due to higher throughput at our facilities and increased pricing for our disposal services. Utilization at our incinerators increased to 85% in the first quarter of 2022 largely driven by fewer down days as compared utilization of 80% in the first quarter of 2021 when our incinerators were impacted by significant weather events. We also saw an increase in landfill volumes in the first quarter of 2022 as compared to the first quarter of 2021. Field and emergency response services revenues increased approximately $27.3 million despite a $19.5 million decrease in COVID-19 decontamination service revenues. This overall increase was both related to contributions from the HydroChemPSC business as well as organic growth in the legacy field services operations. Direct revenues for the Safety-Kleen core service offerings increased $16.9 million from the comparable period in 2021 due to improved pricing and greater demand for our containerized waste and vacuum services.
Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions

|  |  | For the Three Months Ended
|  |  |  |  | March 31, |  | 2022 over 2021
(in thousands, except percentages) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change |  | % Change
Direct revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 221,592 |  |  | $ | 153,467 |  |  | $ | 68,125 |  |  | 44.4 | %

Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions direct revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2022 increased $68.1 million from the comparable period in 2021 predominately due to higher pricing of our base and blended oil products. Base oil sales revenues increased approximately $50.4 million, almost all of which was due to pricing as the volume sold was relatively flat to the comparable period in 2021. Revenues from our blended oil products increased $11.0 million due to pricing increases more than offsetting slightly lower volumes sold.
Cost of Revenues
We believe that our ability to manage operating costs is important to our ability to remain price competitive. We continue to experience the current macroeconomic inflationary pressures across several cost categories, but most notably related to internal and external labor, transportation, general supplies and energy related costs. We continue to manage these increases through constant cost monitoring as well as our overall customer pricing strategies designed to offset the negative inflationary impacts on our margins. We also continue to upgrade the quality and efficiency of our services through the development of new technology and continued modifications and expansion at our facilities, invest in new business opportunities and aggressively implement strategic sourcing and logistics solutions in the face of these inflationary pressures, while also continuing to optimize our management and operating structure in an effort to manage our operating margins.
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Environmental Services

|  |  | For the Three Months Ended
|  |  |  |  | March 31, |  | 2022 over 2021
(in thousands, except percentages) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change |  | % Change
Cost of revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 685,336 |  | $ | 451,255 |  | $ | 234,081 |  |  | 51.9 | %
As a % of Direct revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 72.3 | % |  | 68.9 | % |  | 3.4 | % |  |

Environmental Services cost of revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2022 increased $234.1 million from the comparable period in 2021, primarily due to the increase in direct revenues noted above, including additional costs from the HydroChemPSC operations. Cost of revenues as a percentage of direct revenues increased 3.4% from the comparable period in the prior year mainly due to the mix of services, including lower COVID-19 decontamination services and the growth of our industrial services offerings which typically operate at margins lower than our waste disposal focused offerings. Inflationary pressures across several cost categories including labor, transportation, equipment and supply costs have also contributed to the increase of these costs as a percentage of revenues. Overall, labor and benefit related costs increased $110.1 million, equipment and supply costs increased $67.4 million and external transportation, vehicle and fuel related costs increased $40.4 million.
Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions

|  |  | For the Three Months Ended
|  |  |  |  | March 31, |  | 2022 over 2021
(in thousands, except percentages) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change |  | % Change
Cost of revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 152,017 |  | $ | 108,376 |  | $ | 43,641 |  |  | 40.3 | %
As a % of Direct revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 68.6 | % |  | 70.6 | % |  | (2.0) | % |  |

Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions cost of revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2022 increased $43.6 million from the comparable period in 2021. The cost of oil additives and other raw materials increased $31.7 million, nearly half of which was due to increased costs to obtain used oil through our used oil collection services. The increase in base oil pricing in the first quarter of 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021 has created a correlated increase in the cost we now pay for used oil feedstock. Other costs that contributed to the overall increase include the cost of external transportation, vehicle and fuel costs which increased $4.5 million and labor and benefit related costs which increased $2.5 million.
As a percentage of revenues, Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions costs of revenues improved by 2.0% in the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the comparable period in 2021. This margin improvement was largely driven by the increased pricing of our products which outpaced the relative cost of revenues as the business continued to capitalize on the favorable market conditions and manage the spread between the pricing of products and the related costs to obtain the feedstock.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
We strive to manage our selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses commensurate with the overall performance of our segments and corresponding revenue levels. We believe our ability to properly align these costs with business performance is reflective of our strong management of the businesses and further promotes our ability to remain competitive in the marketplace.
Environmental Services

|  |  | For the Three Months Ended
|  |  |  |  | March 31, |  | 2022 over 2021
(in thousands, except percentages) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change |  | % Change
SG&A expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 78,507 |  | $ | 63,093 |  | $ | 15,414 |  |  | 24.4 | %
As a % of Direct revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8.3 | % |  | 9.6 | % |  | (1.3) | % |  |

Environmental Services SG&A expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2022 increased $15.4 million from the comparable period in 2021, most predominately due to an $11.0 million increase in labor and benefit related costs. The increased costs from the HydroChemPSC business operations drove a significant portion of the increase. As a percentage of revenue, however, the Environmental Services SG&A improved by 1.3%.
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Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions

|  |  | For the Three Months Ended
|  |  |  |  | March 31, |  | 2022 over 2021
(in thousands, except percentages) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change |  | % Change
SG&A expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 17,698 |  | $ | 13,459 |  | $ | 4,239 |  |  | 31.5 | %
As a % of Direct revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8.0 | % |  | 8.8 | % |  | (0.8) | % |  |

Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions SG&A expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2022 increased $4.2 million from the comparable periods in 2021 primarily attributable to the increases in direct revenues noted above. As a percentage of revenues, these costs remained relatively consistent in the three months ended March 31, 2022 when compared to the same period in the prior year. Overall, $3.4 million of the increase was specifically associated with labor and benefit related costs.
Corporate Items

|  |  | For the Three Months Ended
|  |  |  |  | March 31, |  | 2022 over 2021
(in thousands, except percentages) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change |  | % Change
SG&A expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 54,968 |  |  | $ | 45,089 |  |  | $ | 9,879 |  |  | 21.9 | %
As a % of Total Clean Harbors' Direct revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4.7 | % |  | 5.6 | % |  | (0.9) | % |  |

We manage our Corporate Items SG&A expenses commensurate with the overall total Company performance and direct revenue levels. Generally, as revenues increase, we would expect some increase in these costs. Corporate Items SG&A expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2022 increased $9.9 million from the comparable period in 2021, however decreased as a percentage of total Clean Harbors' direct revenues. Overall, cost increases included a $6.2 million increase in labor and benefits related costs, including higher human resources related expenses, incentive compensation and stock based compensation costs. The higher stock based compensation costs are primarily driven by the timing of grants in 2022 as well as overall achievement of performance based awards. These increases were partially offset by the $3.0 million breakup fee received related to the termination of the proposed asset acquisition from Vertex Energy, Inc. The remaining net increase is spread across various cost categories.
Adjusted EBITDA
Management considers Adjusted EBITDA to be a measurement of performance which provides useful information to both management and investors. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered an alternative to net income or other measurements under GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA is not calculated identically by all companies and therefore our measurements of Adjusted EBITDA, while defined consistently and in accordance with our existing credit agreement, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies.

|  |  | For the Three Months Ended
|  |  |  |  | March 31, |  | 2022 over 2021
(in thousands, except percentages) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change |  | % Change
Adjusted EBITDA: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Environmental Services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 183,602 |  |  | $ | 140,254 |  |  | $ | 43,348 |  |  | 30.9 | %
Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 51,877 |  |  | 31,632 |  |  | 20,245 |  |  | 64.0 |
Corporate Items |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (55,220) |  |  | (42,435) |  |  | (12,785) |  |  | (30.1) |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 180,259 |  |  | $ | 129,451 |  |  | $ | 50,808 |  |  | 39.2 | %

We use Adjusted EBITDA to enhance our understanding of our operating performance, which represents our views concerning our performance in the ordinary, ongoing and customary course of our operations. We historically have found it helpful, and believe that investors have found it helpful, to consider an operating measure that excludes certain expenses relating to transactions not reflective of our core operations.
The information about our operating performance provided by this financial measure is used by our management for a variety of purposes. We regularly communicate Adjusted EBITDA results to our lenders since our loan covenants are based upon levels of Adjusted EBITDA achieved and to our board of directors and we discuss our interpretation of such results with the board. We also compare our Adjusted EBITDA performance against internal targets as a key factor in determining cash and stock bonus
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compensation for executives and other employees, largely because we believe that this measure is indicative of how the fundamental business is performing and is being managed.
We also provide information relating to our Adjusted EBITDA so that analysts, investors and other interested persons have the same data that we use to assess our core operating performance. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA should be viewed only as a supplement to the GAAP financial information. We also believe, however, that providing this information in addition to, and together with, GAAP financial information permits the users of our financial statements to obtain a better understanding of our core operating performance and to evaluate the efficacy of the methodology and information used by management to evaluate and measure such performance on a standalone and a comparative basis.
The following is a reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA for the following periods (in thousands, except percentages):

|  |  | For the Three Months Ended
|  |  | March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Net income |  |  |  |  | $ | 45,314 |  |  | $ | 21,736 |
Accretion of environmental liabilities |  |  |  |  | 3,156 |  |  | 2,953 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  | 5,712 |  |  | 3,480 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  | 84,298 |  |  | 72,163 |
Other (income) expense, net |  |  |  |  | (704) |  |  | 1,228 |
Interest expense, net of interest income |  |  |  |  | 25,017 |  |  | 17,918 |
Provision for income taxes |  |  |  |  | 17,466 |  |  | 9,973 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  |  |  |  | $ | 180,259 |  |  | $ | 129,451 |
As a % of Direct revenues |  |  |  |  | 15.4 | % |  | 16.0 | %

Depreciation and Amortization

|  |  | For the Three Months Ended
|  |  |  |  | March 31, |  | 2022 over 2021
(in thousands, except percentages) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change |  | % Change
Depreciation of fixed assets and amortization of landfills and finance leases |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 72,058 |  |  | $ | 64,574 |  |  | $ | 7,484 |  |  | 11.6 | %
Permits and other intangibles amortization |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12,240 |  |  | 7,589 |  |  | 4,651 |  |  | 61.3 |
Total depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 84,298 |  |  | $ | 72,163 |  |  | $ | 12,135 |  |  | 16.8 | %

Depreciation and amortization for the three months ended March 31, 2022 increased by $12.1 million from the comparable periods in 2021 due the depreciation and amortization of the HydroChemPSC tangible and intangible assets which were acquired in in the fourth quarter of 2021.
Provision for Income Taxes

|  |  | For the Three Months Ended
|  |  |  |  | March 31, |  | 2022 over 2021
(in thousands, except percentages) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Change |  | % Change
Provision for income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 17,466 |  |  | $ | 9,973 |  |  | $ | 7,493 |  |  | 75.1 | %
Effective tax rate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 27.8 | % |  | 31.5 | % |  | (3.7) | % |  |

The provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2022 increased $7.5 million from the comparable period in 2021, due to an increase in income before provision for income taxes. Our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2022 decreased 3.7% when compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021. The decrease in our effective tax rate is largely due a decrease in unbenefited losses in certain of our Canadian entities.
In recent periods, certain Canadian entities which have historically generated net operating losses and for which we have recognized valuation allowances, have been operating at a profit. This recent profitability is due to operational improvements, tax strategies and government subsidies. As of March 31, 2022, we do not yet believe that sufficient positive evidence exists to support
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that this return to profitability will continue for a sustained period. We will continue to evaluate this on an ongoing basis to determine when, if at all, to release some or all of the associated remaining valuation allowances.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We assess our liquidity in terms of our ability to generate cash to fund our operating, investing, and financing activities. Our primary ongoing cash requirements will be to fund operations, capital expenditures, interest payments and investments in line with our business strategy. We believe our future operating cash flows will be sufficient to meet our future operating and internal investing cash needs. We monitor our actual needs and forecasted cash flows, our liquidity and our capital resources, enabling us to plan our present needs and fund items that may arise during the year as a result of changing business conditions or opportunities. Furthermore, our existing cash balance and the availability of additional borrowings under our revolving credit facility provide additional potential sources of liquidity should they be required.
Summary of Cash Flow Activity

| Three Months Ended
| March 31,
(in thousands) | 2022 |  | 2021
Net cash (used in) from operating activities | $ | (38,629) |  |  | $ | 103,000 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (58,861) |  |  | (86,737) |
Net cash used in financing activities | (16,080) |  |  | (40,620) |

Net cash (used in) from operating activities
Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $38.6 million as compared to net cash from operating activities of $103.0 million in the comparable period of 2021. The decrease in operating cash flows from the comparable period of 2021 was attributable to an increase in working capital and higher incentive compensation and interest payments in the first quarter of 2022, partially offset by greater levels of operating income.
Net cash used in investing activities
Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $58.9 million, a decrease of $27.9 million from the comparable period in 2021. The decrease in net cash used in investing activities as compared to the same prior year period was primarily due to cash flows associated with our marketable securities which resulted in a cash inflow of $5.4 million in the first quarter of 2022 as compared to a cash outflow of $22.6 million in the first quarter of 2021. This $28.0 million change was mainly due to the timing of transactions within our wholly owned captive insurance company. Additionally, there was a $27.9 million decrease in acquisitions, net of cash acquired which encompassed a $5.0 million working capital adjustment received in the first quarter of 2022 related to the acquisition of HydroChemPSC. Partially offsetting these two net decreases was an increase of $28.4 million in additions to property, plant and equipment.
Net cash used in financing activities
Net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $16.1 million, as compared to $40.6 million in the comparable period in 2021. This decrease of $24.5 million was primarily due to a decrease in repurchases of common stock of $22.9 million during the first three months of 2022.
Adjusted Free Cash Flow
Management considers adjusted free cash flow to be a measure of liquidity which provides useful information to both management, creditors and investors about our financial strength and our ability to generate cash. Additionally, adjusted free cash flow is a metric on which a portion of management incentive compensation is based. We define adjusted free cash flow as net cash from operating activities excluding cash impacts of items derived from non-operating activities, such as taxes paid in connection with divestitures, less additions to property, plant and equipment plus proceeds from sales or disposals of fixed assets. Adjusted free cash flow is not calculated identically by all companies, and therefore our measurements of adjusted free cash flow may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies.
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The following is a reconciliation from net cash (used in) from operating activities to adjusted free cash flow for the following periods (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended
| March 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021
Net cash (used in) from operating activities | $ | (38,629) |  |  | $ | 103,000 |
Additions to property, plant and equipment | (70,308) |  |  | (41,913) |
Proceeds from sale and disposal of fixed assets | 1,320 |  |  | 1,204 |
Adjusted free cash flow | $ | (107,617) |  |  | $ | 62,291 |

Summary of Capital Resources
At March 31, 2022, cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities totaled $414.9 million, compared to $534.3 million at December 31, 2021. At March 31, 2022, cash and cash equivalents held by our foreign subsidiaries totaled $39.9 million. The cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities balance for our U.S. operations was $375.0 million at March 31, 2022, and our U.S. operations had net operating cash outflows of $29.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022.
We also maintain a $400.0 million revolving credit facility of which, as of March 31, 2022, approximately $290.3 million was available to borrow and letters of credit under the credit facility in the amount of $109.7 million were outstanding.
Material Capital Requirements
Capital Expenditures
Capital expenditures during the first three months of 2022 were $70.3 million as compared to $41.9 million during the first three months of 2021. We anticipate that 2022 capital spending, net of disposals, will be in the range of $310.0 million to $330.0 million. This includes approximately $40.0 million to $45.0 million of capital spending for our new incinerator construction in Kimball, Nebraska, of which $4.6 million has been spent during the first three months of 2022.
As always, unanticipated changes in environmental regulations could require us to make significant capital expenditures for our facilities and could adversely affect our results of operations and cash flow.
Financing Arrangements
As of March 31, 2022, our financing arrangements include (i) $717.7 million of senior secured term loans due 2024, (ii) $545.0 million of 4.875% senior unsecured notes due 2027, (iii) $997.5 million of senior secured term loans due 2028 and (iv) $300.0 million of 5.125% senior unsecured notes due 2029. We also maintain our $400.0 million revolving credit facility. As of March 31, 2022, under the revolving credit facility, we had no outstanding loan balance, $290.3 million available to borrow and outstanding letters of credit of $109.7 million.
The material terms of these arrangements are discussed further in Note 11, “Financing Arrangements,” to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this report.
As of December 31, 2021, we were in compliance with the covenants of all of our debt agreements, and we believe we will continue to meet such covenants.
Common Stock Repurchases Pursuant to Publicly Announced Plan
The Company's common stock repurchases are made pursuant to the previously authorized board approved plan to repurchase up to $600.0 million of the Company's common stock. During each of the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, the Company repurchased and retired a total of approximately 41.1 thousand and 300.0 thousand shares of the Company's common stock, respectively, for total expenditures of approximately $3.7 million and $26.5 million, respectively.
Through March 31, 2022, the Company has repurchased and retired a total of approximately 7.7 million shares of its common stock for approximately $448.3 million under this program. As of March 31, 2022, an additional $151.7 million remained available for repurchase of shares under this program.
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Environmental Liabilities

(in thousands, except percentages) | March 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021 |  | Change |  | % Change
Closure and post-closure liabilities | $ | 100,699 |  |  | $ | 99,103 |  |  | $ | 1,596 |  |  | 1.6 | %
Remedial liabilities | 124,729 |  |  | 111,873 |  |  | 12,856 |  |  | 11.5 |
Total environmental liabilities | $ | 225,428 |  |  | $ | 210,976 |  |  | $ | 14,452 |  |  | 6.9 | %

Total environmental liabilities as of March 31, 2022 were $225.4 million, an increase of $14.5 million compared to December 31, 2021, primarily due to new liabilities, including those assumed in acquisition, of $14.0 million and accretion of $3.2 million, partially offset by expenditures of $3.6 million. The majority of the new liabilities relate to a real estate acquisition in 2022 for which we are assuming a remedial liability. The remedial liability was contemplated when arriving at the amount paid to acquire the property.
We anticipate our environmental liabilities, substantially all of which we assumed in connection with our acquisitions, will be payable over many years and that cash flow from operations will generally be sufficient to fund the payment of such liabilities when required.
Events not anticipated (such as future changes in environmental laws and regulations) could require that payments to satisfy our environmental liabilities be made earlier or in greater amounts than currently anticipated, which could adversely affect our results of operations, cash flow and financial condition. Conversely, the development of new treatment technologies or other circumstances may arise in the future which may reduce amounts ultimately paid.
Letters of Credit
We obtain standby letters of credit as security for financial assurances we have been required to provide to regulatory bodies for our hazardous waste facilities and which would be called only in the event that we fail to satisfy closure, post-closure and other obligations under the permits issued by those regulatory bodies for such licensed facilities. As of March 31, 2022, there were $109.7 million outstanding letters of credit. See Note 11, "Financing Arrangements," to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this report for further discussion of our standby letters of credit and other financing arrangements.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Other than as described below, there were no material changes in the first three months of 2022 to the information provided under the heading “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
There were no material changes in the first three months of 2022 to the information provided under Item 7A. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Based on an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined under Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) were effective as of March 31, 2022 to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15 that was conducted during the three months ended
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March 31, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
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CLEAN HARBORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
See Note 16, “Commitments and Contingencies,” to the unaudited consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of this report, which description is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes to the risk factors from the information provided in Item 1A. in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Common Stock Repurchase Program
The following table provides information with respect to the shares of common stock repurchased by us for the periods indicated.

Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) |  | Average Price Paid Per Share (2) |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (in thousands) (3)
January 1, 2022 through January 31, 2022 | 20,910 |  |  | $ | 89.24 |  |  | 20,768 |  |  | $ | 153,590 |
February 1, 2022 through February 28, 2022 | 24,689 |  |  | 91.04 |  |  | 20,350 |  |  | 151,748 |
March 1, 2022 through March 31, 2022 | 13,619 |  |  | 103.66 |  |  | — |  |  | 151,748 |
Total | 59,218 |  |  | 93.30 |  |  | 41,118 |  |  |

________________
(1) Includes 18,100 shares withheld by us from employees to satisfy employee tax obligations upon vesting of restricted stock granted to our employees under the Company's equity incentive plans.
(2) The average price paid per share of common stock repurchased under the stock repurchase program includes the commissions paid to brokers.
(3) Our board of directors has authorized the repurchase of up to $600.0 million of our common stock. We have funded and intend to fund the repurchases through available cash resources. The stock repurchase program authorizes us to purchase our common stock on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions periodically in a manner that complies with applicable U.S. securities laws. The number of shares purchased and the timing of the purchases has depended and will depend on several factors, including share price, cash required for business plans, trading volume and other conditions. We maintain a repurchase plan in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we repurchased 20,768 shares under the Rule 10b5-1 plan for a total of $1.9 million. Future repurchases will also be made as open market or privately negotiated transactions as described above. We have no obligation to repurchase stock under this program and may suspend or terminate the repurchase program at any time.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Not applicable
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Item No. |  | Description |  | Location
31.1 |  | Rule 13a-14a/15d-14(a) Certification of the CEO Alan S. McKim |  | Filed herewith
31.2 |  | Rule 13a-14a/15d-14(a) Certification of the CFO Michael L. Battles |  | Filed herewith
32 |  | Section 1350 Certifications |  | Filed herewith
101 |  | Interactive Data Files Pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: Financial statements from the quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Clean Harbors, Inc. for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2022, formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity and (vi) Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. |  | *
104 |  | The cover page from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2022, formatted in iXBRL and contained in Exhibit 101. |  |

_______________________
* Interactive data files are furnished and deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise are not subject to liability under those sections.
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CLEAN HARBORS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | CLEAN HARBORS, INC.
|  | Registrant
|  | By: | /s/ ALAN S. MCKIM
|  |  | Alan S. McKim
|  |  | Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Date: | May 4, 2022 |  |
|  | By: | /s/ MICHAEL L. BATTLES
|  |  | Michael L. Battles
|  |  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Date: | May 4, 2022 |

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