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Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2017
Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense [Line Items] |
Schedule of liability for unpaid claims and claims adjustment expense | The table below reconciles the net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for the property and casualty segments to the amount presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
As of December 31 |
(In millions) | 2017
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses: |
Specialty | $ | 5,179 |
Commercial | 7,964 |
International | 1,432 |
Corporate & Other | 205 |
Life & Group (1) | 3,290 |
Total net claim and claim adjustment expenses | 18,070 |
Reinsurance receivables: (2) |
Specialty | 669 |
Commercial | 621 |
International | 204 |
Corporate & Other (3) | 2,231 |
Life & Group | 209 |
Total reinsurance receivables | 3,934 |
Total gross liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses | $ | 22,004 |
(1) The Life & Group segment amount is primarily related to long term care claim reserves, but also includes amounts related to unfunded structured settlements arising from short duration contracts. Long term care policies are long duration contracts. (2) Reinsurance receivables presented do not include reinsurance receivables related to paid losses. (3) The Corporate & Other Reinsurance receivables are primarily related to A&EP claims covered under the Loss Portfolio Transfer. The following table presents a reconciliation between beginning and ending claim and claim adjustment expense reserves, including claim and claim adjustment expense reserves of the Life & Group segment.
As of or for the years ended December 31 |  |  |  |  |
(In millions) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Reserves, beginning of year: |  |  |  |  |
Gross | $ | 22,343 |  |  | $ | 22,663 |  |  | $ | 23,271 |
Ceded | 4,094 |  |  | 4,087 |  |  | 4,344 |
Net reserves, beginning of year | 18,249 |  |  | 18,576 |  |  | 18,927 |
Net incurred claim and claim adjustment expenses: |  |  |  |  |
Provision for insured events of current year | 5,201 |  |  | 5,025 |  |  | 4,934 |
Decrease in provision for insured events of prior years | (381 | ) |  | (342 | ) |  | (255 | )
Amortization of discount | 179 |  |  | 175 |  |  | 166 |
Total net incurred (1) | 4,999 |  |  | 4,858 |  |  | 4,845 |
Net payments attributable to: |  |  |  |  |
Current year events | (975 | ) |  | (967 | ) |  | (856 | )
Prior year events | (4,366 | ) |  | (4,167 | ) |  | (4,089 | )
Total net payments | (5,341 | ) |  | (5,134 | ) |  | (4,945 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustment and other | 163 |  |  | (51 | ) |  | (251 | )
Net reserves, end of year | 18,070 |  |  | 18,249 |  |  | 18,576 |
Ceded reserves, end of year | 3,934 |  |  | 4,094 |  |  | 4,087 |
Gross reserves, end of year | $ | 22,004 |  |  | $ | 22,343 |  |  | $ | 22,663 |
(1) | Total net incurred above does not agree to Insurance claims and policyholders' benefits as reflected on the Consolidated Statements of Operations due to amounts related to retroactive reinsurance deferred gain accounting, uncollectible reinsurance and loss deductible receivables, and benefit expenses related to future policy benefits, which are not reflected in the table above.
Gross and net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves | The following tables present the gross and net carried reserves.
December 31, 2017 | Specialty |  | Commercial |  | International |  | Life & Group |  | Corporate & Other |  | Total
(In millions) |  |  |  |  |
Gross Case Reserves | $ | 1,805 |  |  | $ | 4,364 |  |  | $ | 744 |  |  | $ | 3,386 |  |  | $ | 1,371 |  |  | $ | 11,670 |
Gross IBNR Reserves | 4,043 |  |  | 4,221 |  |  | 892 |  |  | 113 |  |  | 1,065 |  |  | 10,334 |
Total Gross Carried Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves | $ | 5,848 |  |  | $ | 8,585 |  |  | $ | 1,636 |  |  | $ | 3,499 |  |  | $ | 2,436 |  |  | $ | 22,004 |
Net Case Reserves | $ | 1,656 |  |  | $ | 4,047 |  |  | $ | 640 |  |  | $ | 3,208 |  |  | $ | 94 |  |  | $ | 9,645 |
Net IBNR Reserves | 3,523 |  |  | 3,917 |  |  | 792 |  |  | 82 |  |  | 111 |  |  | 8,425 |
Total Net Carried Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves | $ | 5,179 |  |  | $ | 7,964 |  |  | $ | 1,432 |  |  | $ | 3,290 |  |  | $ | 205 |  |  | $ | 18,070 |
December 31, 2016 | Specialty |  | Commercial |  | International |  | Life & Group |  | Corporate & Other |  | Total
(In millions) |  |  |  |  |
Gross Case Reserves | $ | 1,871 |  |  | $ | 4,661 |  |  | $ | 632 |  |  | $ | 3,172 |  |  | $ | 1,524 |  |  | $ | 11,860 |
Gross IBNR Reserves | 4,278 |  |  | 4,233 |  |  | 696 |  |  | 186 |  |  | 1,090 |  |  | 10,483 |
Total Gross Carried Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves | $ | 6,149 |  |  | $ | 8,894 |  |  | $ | 1,328 |  |  | $ | 3,358 |  |  | $ | 2,614 |  |  | $ | 22,343 |
Net Case Reserves | $ | 1,681 |  |  | $ | 4,353 |  |  | $ | 548 |  |  | $ | 2,951 |  |  | $ | 94 |  |  | $ | 9,627 |
Net IBNR Reserves | 3,723 |  |  | 3,952 |  |  | 653 |  |  | 158 |  |  | 136 |  |  | 8,622 |
Total Net Carried Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves | $ | 5,404 |  |  | $ | 8,305 |  |  | $ | 1,201 |  |  | $ | 3,109 |  |  | $ | 230 |  |  | $ | 18,249 |
Net prior year development | Development Tables The loss reserve development tables presented herein illustrate the change over time of reserves established for claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses arising from short duration insurance contracts for certain lines of business within our property & casualty segments. Not all lines of business or segments are presented based on their context to the Company's overall loss reserves, calendar year reserve development, or calendar year net earned premiums. Insurance contracts are considered to be short duration contracts when the contracts are not expected to remain in force for an extended period of time. The Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses tables, reading across, show the cumulative net incurred claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses relating to each accident year at the end of the stated calendar year. Changes in the cumulative amount across time are the result of the Company's expanded awareness of additional facts and circumstances that pertain to the unsettled claims. The Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses tables, reading across, show the cumulative amount paid for claims in each accident year as of the end of the stated calendar year. The Net Strengthening or (Releases) of Prior Accident Year Reserves tables, reading across, show the net increase or decrease in the cumulative net incurred accident year claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses during each stated calendar year and indicates whether the reserves for that accident year were strengthened or released. The information in the tables is reported on a net basis after reinsurance and does not include the effects of discounting. The information contained in the years preceding calendar year 2016 is unaudited. Information contained in the tables pertaining to our International segment has been presented at the year-end 2017 foreign currency exchange rates for all periods presented to remove the effects of foreign currency exchange rate changes between calendar years. The Company has presented development information for the Hardy business prospectively from the date of acquisition and is presented as a separate table within our International segment. To the extent the Company enters into a commutation, the transaction is reported on a prospective basis. To the extent that the Company enters into a disposition, the effects of the disposition are reported on a retrospective basis by removing the balances associated with the disposed of business. The amounts reported for the cumulative number of reported claims include direct and assumed open and closed claims by accident year at the claimant level. The number excludes claim counts for claims within a policy deductible where the insured is responsible for payment of losses in the deductible layer. Claim count data for certain assumed reinsurance contracts is unavailable. In the loss reserve development tables, IBNR includes reserves for incurred but not reported losses and expected development on case reserves. The Company does not establish case reserves for ALAE, therefore ALAE reserves are also included in the estimate of IBNR. Net Prior Year Development Changes in estimates of claim and claim adjustment expense reserves and premium accruals, net of reinsurance, for prior years are defined as net prior year development. These changes can be favorable or unfavorable. The following tables and discussion present the net prior year development recorded for Specialty, Commercial, International and Corporate & Other segments.
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(In millions) | Specialty |  | Commercial |  | International |  | Corporate & Other |  | Total
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable net prior year claim and claim adjustment expense reserve development | $ | (202 | ) |  | $ | (87 | ) |  | $ | (9 | ) |  | $ | (10 | ) |  | $ | (308 | )
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable premium development | (14 | ) |  | 28 |  |  | (18 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4 | )
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable net prior year development | $ | (216 | ) |  | $ | (59 | ) |  | $ | (27 | ) |  | $ | (10 | ) |  | $ | (312 | )
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(In millions) | Specialty |  | Commercial |  | International |  | Corporate & Other |  | Total
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable net prior year claim and claim adjustment expense reserve development | $ | (287 | ) |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | (58 | ) |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (288 | )
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable premium development | (18 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  | — |  |  | (26 | )
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable net prior year development | $ | (305 | ) |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | (64 | ) |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (314 | )
December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(In millions) | Specialty |  | Commercial |  | International |  | Corporate & Other |  | Total
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable net prior year claim and claim adjustment expense reserve development | $ | (141 | ) |  | $ | (15 | ) |  | $ | (54 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (210 | )
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable premium development | (11 | ) |  | (15 | ) |  | 18 |  |  | — |  |  | (8 | )
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable net prior year development | $ | (152 | ) |  | $ | (30 | ) |  | $ | (36 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (218 | )
Short-duration insurance contracts, reconciliation of claims development to liability | The table below reconciles the net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for the property and casualty segments to the amount presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
As of December 31 |
(In millions) | 2017
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses: |
Specialty | $ | 5,179 |
Commercial | 7,964 |
International | 1,432 |
Corporate & Other | 205 |
Life & Group (1) | 3,290 |
Total net claim and claim adjustment expenses | 18,070 |
Reinsurance receivables: (2) |
Specialty | 669 |
Commercial | 621 |
International | 204 |
Corporate & Other (3) | 2,231 |
Life & Group | 209 |
Total reinsurance receivables | 3,934 |
Total gross liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses | $ | 22,004 |
(1) The Life & Group segment amount is primarily related to long term care claim reserves, but also includes amounts related to unfunded structured settlements arising from short duration contracts. Long term care policies are long duration contracts. (2) Reinsurance receivables presented do not include reinsurance receivables related to paid losses. (3) The Corporate & Other Reinsurance receivables are primarily related to A&EP claims covered under the Loss Portfolio Transfer.
Specialty |
Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense [Line Items] |
Net prior year claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserve development | The following table presents further detail of the net prior year claim and claim adjustment expense reserve development (development) recorded for the Specialty segment.
Years ended December 31 |  |  |  |  |
(In millions) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development: |  |  |  |  |
Medical Professional Liability | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | (37 | ) |  | $ | (43 | )
Other Professional Liability and Management Liability | (131 | ) |  | (130 | ) |  | — |
Surety | (84 | ) |  | (63 | ) |  | (69 | )
Warranty | 4 |  |  | 4 |  |  | (2 | )
Other | 4 |  |  | (61 | ) |  | (27 | )
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development | $ | (202 | ) |  | $ | (287 | ) |  | $ | (141 | )
Short-duration insurance contracts, reconciliation of claims development to liability | The table below provides the line of business composition of the net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for the Specialty segment.
As of December 31 |
(In millions) | 2017
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses: |
Medical Professional Liability | $ | 1,700 |
Other Professional Liability and Management Liability | 2,912 |
Surety | 368 |
Warranty | 54 |
Other | 145 |
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses | $ | 5,179 |
Commercial |
Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense [Line Items] |
Net prior year claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserve development | The following table presents further detail of the development recorded for the Commercial segment.
Years ended December 31 |  |  |  |  |
(In millions) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial Auto | $ | (38 | ) |  | $ | (46 | ) |  | $ | (22 | )
General Liability | — |  |  | (28 | ) |  | (33 | )
Workers' Compensation | (65 | ) |  | 150 |  |  | 80 |
Property and Other | 16 |  |  | (21 | ) |  | (40 | )
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development | $ | (87 | ) |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | (15 | )
Short-duration insurance contracts, reconciliation of claims development to liability | The table below provides the line of business composition of the net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for the Commercial segment.
As of December 31 |
(In millions) | 2017
Net Claim and claim adjustment expenses: |
Commercial Auto | $ | 389 |
General Liability | 3,123 |
Workers' Compensation | 4,012 |
Property and Other | 440 |
Total net liability for claim and claim adjustment expenses | $ | 7,964 |
International |
Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense [Line Items] |
Net prior year claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserve development | The following table presents further detail of the development recorded for the International segment.
Years ended December 31 |  |  |  |  |
(In millions) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development: |  |  |  |  |
Medical Professional Liability | $ | (4 | ) |  | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | (9 | )
Other Professional Liability | (13 | ) |  | 12 |  |  | (16 | )
Liability | 2 |  |  | (30 | ) |  | (17 | )
Property & Marine | (15 | ) |  | (34 | ) |  | (29 | )
Other | 21 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 17 |
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development | $ | (9 | ) |  | $ | (58 | ) |  | $ | (54 | )
Short-duration insurance contracts, reconciliation of claims development to liability | The table below provides the composition of the net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for the International segment.
As of December 31 |
(In millions) | 2017
Net Claim and claim adjustment expenses: |
International excluding Hardy | $ | 1,026 |
Hardy | 406 |
Total net liability for claim and claim adjustment expenses | $ | 1,432 |
CNAF Consolidated |
Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense [Line Items] |
Schedule of historical claims duration | The table below presents information about average historical claims duration as of December 31, 2017 and is presented as required supplementary information, which is unaudited.
Average Annual Percentage Payout of Ultimate Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses in Year:
| 1 |  | 2 |  | 3 |  | 4 |  | 5 |  | 6 |  | 7 |  | 8 |  | 9 |  | 10 |  | Total
Specialty |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Medical Professional Liability | 3.3 | % |  | 18.9 | % |  | 23.5 | % |  | 19.8 | % |  | 12.7 | % |  | 7.2 | % |  | 4.5 | % |  | 3.3 | % |  | 3.6 | % |  | 0.7 | % |  | 97.5 | %
Other Professional Liability and Management Liability | 5.9 | % |  | 21.0 | % |  | 21.1 | % |  | 17.3 | % |  | 9.9 | % |  | 6.0 | % |  | 5.6 | % |  | 4.0 | % |  | 2.6 | % |  | 1.5 | % |  | 94.9 | %
Surety(1) | 21.4 | % |  | 38.4 | % |  | 17.7 | % |  | 7.5 | % |  | 3.4 | % |  | 2.0 | % |  | (2.3 | )% |  | (1.1 | )% |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | 87.0 | %
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial Auto | 28.1 | % |  | 22.9 | % |  | 18.4 | % |  | 14.1 | % |  | 9.2 | % |  | 3.4 | % |  | 0.9 | % |  | 0.2 | % |  | 0.4 | % |  | 0.7 | % |  | 98.3 | %
General Liability | 4.9 | % |  | 16.6 | % |  | 20.7 | % |  | 20.8 | % |  | 15.2 | % |  | 8.4 | % |  | 4.2 | % |  | 2.5 | % |  | 1.5 | % |  | 1.2 | % |  | 96.0 | %
Workers' Compensation | 13.5 | % |  | 21.2 | % |  | 14.4 | % |  | 10.7 | % |  | 7.8 | % |  | 5.5 | % |  | 4.9 | % |  | 3.7 | % |  | 3.0 | % |  | 3.2 | % |  | 87.9 | %
International |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
International - Excluding Hardy | 19.6 | % |  | 25.6 | % |  | 12.2 | % |  | 6.8 | % |  | 5.9 | % |  | 4.7 | % |  | 5.1 | % |  | 3.1 | % |  | 5.8 | % |  | 0.4 | % |  | 89.2 | %
International - Hardy (2) | 24.7 | % |  | 39.0 | % |  | 14.3 | % |  | 5.0 | % |  | 2.8 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 85.8 | %
(1) Due to the nature of the Surety business, average annual percentage payout of ultimate net incurred claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses has been calculated using only the payouts of mature accident years presented in the loss reserve development tables. (2) Average historical claims duration for Hardy is presented prospectively beginning with the first full year subsequent to acquisition, 2013.
Impact of loss portfolio transfer on the consolidated statement of operations | The following table presents the impact of the Loss Portfolio Transfer on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Years ended December 31 |  |  |  |  |
(In millions) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Net A&EP adverse development before consideration of LPT | $ | 60 |  |  | $ | 200 |  |  | $ | 150 |
Retroactive reinsurance benefit recognized | (68 | ) |  | (107 | ) |  | (85 | )
Pretax impact of A&EP reserve development and the LPT | $ | (8 | ) |  | $ | 93 |  |  | $ | 65 |
Hardy | International |
Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense [Line Items] |
Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses | Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 |  |  |  |  |  | Calendar Year |  | As of December 31, 2017
(In millions, except reported claims data) | Net Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves at Acquisition |  | Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses in 2012(1)(2) |  | Total Acquired Net Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves and 2012 Incurreds |  | 2013(1) |  | 2014(1) |  | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017 |  | IBNR |  | Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2008 | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | (3 | ) |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | 4,237 |
2009 | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | 7 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | 3,852 |
2010 | 49 |  |  | (10 | ) |  | 39 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 52 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 4,524 |
2011 | 126 |  |  | — |  |  | 126 |  |  | 136 |  |  | 136 |  |  | 140 |  |  | 140 |  |  | 140 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 6,228 |
2012 | 34 |  |  | 71 |  |  | 105 |  |  | 106 |  |  | 113 |  |  | 121 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 115 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 6,863 |
2013 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 133 |  |  | 148 |  |  | 140 |  |  | 141 |  |  | 142 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 7,525 |
2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 187 |  |  | 185 |  |  | 179 |  |  | 172 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 7,954 |
2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 192 |  |  | 182 |  |  | 180 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 8,578 |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 232 |  |  | 251 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 8,443 |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 247 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 6,508 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  |  | $ | 1,309 |  |  | $ | 175 |  |  |
Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense | Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 | Calendar Year
(In millions) | 2012(1)(2) |  | 2013(1) |  | 2014(1) |  | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2008 | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 11 |
2009 | 2 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | (5 | )
2010 | 19 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 49 |
2011 | 31 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 124 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 133 |  |  | 134 |
2012 | 15 |  |  | 81 |  |  | 101 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 108 |  |  | 110 |
2013 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 103 |  |  | 123 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 133 |
2014 |  |  |  |  | 56 |  |  | 124 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 153 |
2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 30 |  |  | 99 |  |  | 131 |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 64 |  |  | 147 |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 53 |
Total |  |  | $ | 916 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented |  |  | $ | 393 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2008 |  |  | 5 |
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented |  |  | 8 |
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses |  |  | $ | 406 |
Short-duration contracts reserve development | Net strengthening or (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.
For the years ended December 31 | Calendar Year |  |
(In millions) | 2012(1)(2) |  | 2013(1) |  | 2014(1) |  | 2015(1)(3) |  | 2016(1)(3) |  | 2017(3) |  | Total (3)
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2008 | $ | (3 | ) |  | $ | (4 | ) |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (5 | )
2009 | — |  |  | (5 | ) |  | (11 | ) |  | 5 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (15 | )
2010 | (10 | ) |  | 9 |  |  | 5 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | 6 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 3 |
2011 | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |
2012 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 8 |  |  | (7 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | 10 |
2013 |  |  |  |  | 15 |  |  | (8 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 9 |
2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  | (7 | ) |  | (15 | )
2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (10 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (12 | )
2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 19 |  |  | 19 |
(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited. (2) Data presented for this calendar year is post-acquisition of Hardy. (3) The amounts included in the loss reserve development tables above are presented at the year-end 2017 foreign currency exchange rates for all periods presented to remove the effects of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations between calendar years. The amounts included within the table on page 101 presenting the detail of the development recorded within the International segment include the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
Medical Professional Liability | Specialty |
Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense [Line Items] |
Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses | Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 | Calendar Year |  | As of December 31, 2017
(In millions, except reported claims data) | 2008(1) |  | 2009(1) |  | 2010(1) |  | 2011(1) |  | 2012(1) |  | 2013(1) |  | 2014(1) |  | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017 |  | IBNR |  | Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2008 | $ | 426 |  |  | $ | 451 |  |  | $ | 496 |  |  | $ | 480 |  |  | $ | 468 |  |  | $ | 468 |  |  | $ | 467 |  |  | $ | 455 |  |  | $ | 442 |  |  | $ | 438 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | 14,102 |
2009 |  |  | 462 |  |  | 469 |  |  | 494 |  |  | 506 |  |  | 480 |  |  | 471 |  |  | 463 |  |  | 432 |  |  | 422 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 15,594 |
2010 |  |  |  |  | 483 |  |  | 478 |  |  | 478 |  |  | 486 |  |  | 470 |  |  | 446 |  |  | 403 |  |  | 398 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 15,239 |
2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 486 |  |  | 492 |  |  | 507 |  |  | 533 |  |  | 501 |  |  | 491 |  |  | 491 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 17,481 |
2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 526 |  |  | 529 |  |  | 575 |  |  | 567 |  |  | 559 |  |  | 563 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 18,503 |
2013 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 534 |  |  | 540 |  |  | 560 |  |  | 567 |  |  | 573 |  |  | 44 |  |  | 19,777 |
2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 511 |  |  | 548 |  |  | 585 |  |  | 564 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 19,764 |
2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 480 |  |  | 539 |  |  | 543 |  |  | 164 |  |  | 17,690 |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 469 |  |  | 527 |  |  | 268 |  |  | 14,743 |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 452 |  |  | 370 |  |  | 11,137 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  |  | $ | 4,971 |  |  | $ | 995 |  |  |
Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense | Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 | Calendar Year
(In millions) | 2008(1) |  | 2009(1) |  | 2010(1) |  | 2011(1) |  | 2012(1) |  | 2013(1) |  | 2014(1) |  | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2008 | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 90 |  |  | $ | 207 |  |  | $ | 282 |  |  | $ | 332 |  |  | $ | 377 |  |  | $ | 395 |  |  | $ | 409 |  |  | $ | 428 |  |  | $ | 431 |
2009 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 180 |  |  | 278 |  |  | 328 |  |  | 353 |  |  | 377 |  |  | 396 |  |  | 408 |
2010 |  |  |  |  | 11 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 186 |  |  | 273 |  |  | 338 |  |  | 361 |  |  | 371 |  |  | 380 |
2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 18 |  |  | 121 |  |  | 225 |  |  | 315 |  |  | 379 |  |  | 407 |  |  | 435 |
2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15 |  |  | 121 |  |  | 236 |  |  | 359 |  |  | 428 |  |  | 475 |
2013 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 18 |  |  | 121 |  |  | 259 |  |  | 364 |  |  | 429 |
2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 25 |  |  | 149 |  |  | 274 |  |  | 374 |
2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 22 |  |  | 105 |  |  | 241 |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 18 |  |  | 126 |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  |  | $ | 3,319 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented |  |  | $ | 1,652 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2008 |  |  | 20 |
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented |  |  | 28 |
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses |  |  | $ | 1,700 |
Short-duration contracts reserve development | Net strengthening or (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.
For the years ended December 31 |  |  | Calendar Year |  |
(In millions) |  |  | 2009(1) |  | 2010(1) |  | 2011(1) |  | 2012(1) |  | 2013(1) |  | 2014(1) |  | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017 |  | Total
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2008 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | (16 | ) |  | $ | (12 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | (12 | ) |  | $ | (13 | ) |  | $ | (4 | ) |  | $ | 12 |
2009 |  |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 12 |  |  | (26 | ) |  | (9 | ) |  | (8 | ) |  | (31 | ) |  | (10 | ) |  | (40 | )
2010 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5 | ) |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | (16 | ) |  | (24 | ) |  | (43 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | (85 | )
2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 26 |  |  | (32 | ) |  | (10 | ) |  | — |  |  | 5 |
2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  | 46 |  |  | (8 | ) |  | (8 | ) |  | 4 |  |  | 37 |
2013 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 39 |
2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 37 |  |  | 37 |  |  | (21 | ) |  | 53 |
2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 59 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 63 |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 58 |  |  | 58 |
Total net development for the accident years presented above |  |  | (27 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | 32 |  |  |
Total net development for accident years prior to 2008 |  |  | (16 | ) |  | (35 | ) |  | (19 | ) |  |
Total unallocated claim adjustment expense development |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8 | ) |  |
Total |  |  | $ | (43 | ) |  | $ | (37 | ) |  | $ | 5 |  |  |
(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.
Other Professional Liability and Management Liability | Specialty |
Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense [Line Items] |
Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses | Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 | Calendar Year |  | As of December 31, 2017
(In millions, except reported claims data) | 2008(1) |  | 2009(1) |  | 2010(1) |  | 2011(1) |  | 2012(1) |  | 2013(1) |  | 2014(1) |  | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017 |  | IBNR |  | Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2008 | $ | 916 |  |  | $ | 933 |  |  | $ | 954 |  |  | $ | 924 |  |  | $ | 915 |  |  | $ | 880 |  |  | $ | 850 |  |  | $ | 845 |  |  | $ | 827 |  |  | $ | 818 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | 16,331 |
2009 |  |  | 829 |  |  | 873 |  |  | 903 |  |  | 898 |  |  | 891 |  |  | 900 |  |  | 895 |  |  | 903 |  |  | 901 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 17,274 |
2010 |  |  |  |  | 825 |  |  | 827 |  |  | 850 |  |  | 848 |  |  | 846 |  |  | 836 |  |  | 823 |  |  | 826 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 17,805 |
2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 876 |  |  | 904 |  |  | 933 |  |  | 948 |  |  | 944 |  |  | 910 |  |  | 898 |  |  | 71 |  |  | 18,643 |
2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 907 |  |  | 894 |  |  | 876 |  |  | 870 |  |  | 833 |  |  | 832 |  |  | 73 |  |  | 18,262 |
2013 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 844 |  |  | 841 |  |  | 879 |  |  | 840 |  |  | 824 |  |  | 83 |  |  | 17,362 |
2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 841 |  |  | 859 |  |  | 854 |  |  | 798 |  |  | 158 |  |  | 16,984 |
2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 847 |  |  | 851 |  |  | 832 |  |  | 296 |  |  | 16,603 |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 859 |  |  | 859 |  |  | 426 |  |  | 17,004 |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 810 |  |  | 701 |  |  | 15,206 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  |  | $ | 8,398 |  |  | $ | 1,897 |  |  |
Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense | Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 | Calendar Year
(In millions) | 2008(1) |  | 2009(1) |  | 2010(1) |  | 2011(1) |  | 2012(1) |  | 2013(1) |  | 2014(1) |  | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2008 | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 181 |  |  | $ | 376 |  |  | $ | 515 |  |  | $ | 600 |  |  | $ | 641 |  |  | $ | 678 |  |  | $ | 719 |  |  | $ | 741 |  |  | $ | 753 |
2009 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 195 |  |  | 358 |  |  | 550 |  |  | 638 |  |  | 719 |  |  | 769 |  |  | 798 |  |  | 821 |
2010 |  |  |  |  | 31 |  |  | 203 |  |  | 404 |  |  | 541 |  |  | 630 |  |  | 670 |  |  | 721 |  |  | 753 |
2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 71 |  |  | 313 |  |  | 502 |  |  | 604 |  |  | 682 |  |  | 726 |  |  | 781 |
2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 57 |  |  | 248 |  |  | 398 |  |  | 570 |  |  | 648 |  |  | 698 |
2013 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 51 |  |  | 240 |  |  | 426 |  |  | 583 |  |  | 667 |
2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 51 |  |  | 212 |  |  | 375 |  |  | 494 |
2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 48 |  |  | 209 |  |  | 377 |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 60 |  |  | 236 |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 52 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  |  | $ | 5,632 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented |  |  | $ | 2,766 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2008 |  |  | 79 |
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented |  |  | 67 |
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses |  |  | $ | 2,912 |
Short-duration contracts reserve development | Net strengthening or (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.
For the years ended December 31 |  |  | Calendar Year |  |
(In millions) |  |  | 2009(1) |  | 2010(1) |  | 2011(1) |  | 2012(1) |  | 2013(1) |  | 2014(1) |  | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017 |  | Total
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2008 |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | (30 | ) |  | $ | (9 | ) |  | $ | (35 | ) |  | $ | (30 | ) |  | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | (18 | ) |  | $ | (9 | ) |  | $ | (98 | )
2009 |  |  |  |  |  | 44 |  |  | 30 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | (7 | ) |  | 9 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | 8 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 72 |
2010 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  | 23 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (10 | ) |  | (13 | ) |  | 3 |  |  | 1 |
2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 28 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 15 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (34 | ) |  | (12 | ) |  | 22 |
2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (13 | ) |  | (18 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  | (37 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (75 | )
2013 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 38 |  |  | (39 | ) |  | (16 | ) |  | (20 | )
2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 18 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | (56 | ) |  | (43 | )
2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |  | (19 | ) |  | (15 | )
2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total net development for the accident years presented above |  |  | 26 |  |  | (134 | ) |  | (112 | ) |  |  |
Total net development for accident years prior to 2008 |  |  | (26 | ) |  | 4 |  |  | (14 | ) |  |
Total unallocated claim adjustment expense development |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5 | ) |  |
Total |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (130 | ) |  | $ | (131 | ) |  |
(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.
Surety | Specialty |
Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense [Line Items] |
Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses | Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 | Calendar Year |  | As of December 31, 2017
(In millions, except reported claims data) | 2008(1) |  | 2009(1) |  | 2010(1) |  | 2011(1) |  | 2012(1) |  | 2013(1) |  | 2014(1) |  | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017 |  | IBNR |  | Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2008 | $ | 114 |  |  | $ | 114 |  |  | $ | 73 |  |  | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | 52 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 7,199 |
2009 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 103 |  |  | 85 |  |  | 68 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 6,679 |
2010 |  |  |  |  | 112 |  |  | 112 |  |  | 111 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 5,962 |
2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 120 |  |  | 121 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 87 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 5,795 |
2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 120 |  |  | 122 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 5,519 |
2013 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 120 |  |  | 121 |  |  | 115 |  |  | 106 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 4,993 |
2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 123 |  |  | 124 |  |  | 94 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 4,938 |
2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 131 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 104 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 4,670 |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 124 |  |  | 124 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 4,707 |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 120 |  |  | 97 |  |  | 2,901 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  |  | $ | 775 |  |  | $ | 305 |  |  |
Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense | Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 | Calendar Year
(In millions) | 2008(1) |  | 2009(1) |  | 2010(1) |  | 2011(1) |  | 2012(1) |  | 2013(1) |  | 2014(1) |  | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2008 | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 43 |
2009 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 47 |
2010 |  |  |  |  | 13 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 52 |
2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 19 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 56 |
2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 36 |
2013 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 16 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 78 |
2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 36 |
2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 38 |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 |  |  | 37 |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 23 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  |  | $ | 446 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented |  |  | $ | 329 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2008 |  |  | 9 |
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented |  |  | 30 |
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses |  |  | $ | 368 |
Short-duration contracts reserve development | Net strengthening or (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.
For the years ended December 31 |  |  | Calendar Year |  |
(In millions) |  |  | 2009(1) |  | 2010(1) |  | 2011(1) |  | 2012(1) |  | 2013(1) |  | 2014(1) |  | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017 |  | Total
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2008 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (41 | ) |  | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | (9 | ) |  | $ | (4 | ) |  | $ | (3 | ) |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (70 | )
2009 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (11 | ) |  | (18 | ) |  | (17 | ) |  | (9 | ) |  | (7 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | (61 | )
2010 |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (27 | ) |  | (8 | ) |  | (10 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | (53 | )
2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | (29 | ) |  | (12 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | (54 | )
2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  | (24 | ) |  | (28 | ) |  | (18 | ) |  | (7 | ) |  | (75 | )
2013 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | (9 | ) |  | (15 | ) |  | (29 | )
2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  | (30 | ) |  | (25 | ) |  | (54 | )
2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (27 | ) |  | (27 | )
2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total net development for the accident years presented above |  |  | (65 | ) |  | (65 | ) |  | (82 | ) |  |
Total net development for accident years prior to 2008 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  |
Total unallocated claim adjustment expense development |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  |
Total |  |  | $ | (69 | ) |  | $ | (63 | ) |  | $ | (84 | ) |  |
(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.
Commercial Auto | Commercial |
Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense [Line Items] |
Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses | Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 | Calendar Year |  | As of December 31, 2017
(In millions, except reported claims data) | 2008(1) |  | 2009(1) |  | 2010(1) |  | 2011(1) |  | 2012(1) |  | 2013(1) |  | 2014(1) |  | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017 |  | IBNR |  | Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2008 | $ | 322 |  |  | $ | 323 |  |  | $ | 316 |  |  | $ | 306 |  |  | $ | 309 |  |  | $ | 305 |  |  | $ | 298 |  |  | $ | 298 |  |  | $ | 296 |  |  | $ | 297 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 56,424 |
2009 |  |  | 287 |  |  | 272 |  |  | 274 |  |  | 278 |  |  | 281 |  |  | 277 |  |  | 275 |  |  | 272 |  |  | 272 |  |  | — |  |  | 47,343 |
2010 |  |  |  |  | 262 |  |  | 274 |  |  | 279 |  |  | 283 |  |  | 291 |  |  | 286 |  |  | 281 |  |  | 280 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 46,335 |
2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 262 |  |  | 273 |  |  | 279 |  |  | 293 |  |  | 290 |  |  | 285 |  |  | 285 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 46,691 |
2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 270 |  |  | 282 |  |  | 292 |  |  | 296 |  |  | 300 |  |  | 292 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 45,288 |
2013 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 242 |  |  | 259 |  |  | 257 |  |  | 241 |  |  | 237 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 38,539 |
2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 231 |  |  | 221 |  |  | 210 |  |  | 204 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 33,029 |
2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 199 |  |  | 197 |  |  | 187 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 29,924 |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 196 |  |  | 183 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 29,745 |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 196 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 25,173 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  |  | $ | 2,433 |  |  | $ | 245 |  |  |
Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense | Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 | Calendar Year
(In millions) | 2008(1) |  | 2009(1) |  | 2010(1) |  | 2011(1) |  | 2012(1) |  | 2013(1) |  | 2014(1) |  | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2008 | $ | 83 |  |  | $ | 158 |  |  | $ | 210 |  |  | $ | 244 |  |  | $ | 274 |  |  | $ | 289 |  |  | $ | 291 |  |  | $ | 292 |  |  | $ | 293 |  |  | $ | 295 |
2009 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 128 |  |  | 188 |  |  | 229 |  |  | 257 |  |  | 269 |  |  | 270 |  |  | 270 |  |  | 271 |
2010 |  |  |  |  | 72 |  |  | 137 |  |  | 197 |  |  | 240 |  |  | 265 |  |  | 274 |  |  | 279 |  |  | 280 |
2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 78 |  |  | 141 |  |  | 193 |  |  | 241 |  |  | 264 |  |  | 275 |  |  | 277 |
2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 77 |  |  | 157 |  |  | 214 |  |  | 253 |  |  | 276 |  |  | 278 |
2013 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 73 |  |  | 132 |  |  | 164 |  |  | 195 |  |  | 219 |
2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 63 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 135 |  |  | 163 |
2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 52 |  |  | 95 |  |  | 128 |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 51 |  |  | 91 |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 58 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  |  | $ | 2,060 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented |  |  | $ | 373 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2008 |  |  | 6 |
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented |  |  | 10 |
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses |  |  | $ | 389 |
Short-duration contracts reserve development | Net strengthening or (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.
For the years ended December 31 |  |  | Calendar Year |  |
(In millions) |  |  | 2009(1) |  | 2010(1) |  | 2011(1) |  | 2012(1) |  | 2013(1) |  | 2014(1) |  | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017 |  | Total
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2008 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | (10 | ) |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | (4 | ) |  | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (25 | )
2009 |  |  |  |  | (15 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (15 | )
2010 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 8 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | 18 |
2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 14 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | — |  |  | 23 |
2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |  |  | (8 | ) |  | 22 |
2013 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 17 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (16 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | (5 | )
2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (10 | ) |  | (11 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  | (27 | )
2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (10 | ) |  | (12 | )
2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (13 | ) |  | (13 | )
Total net development for the accident years presented above |  |  | (18 | ) |  | (40 | ) |  | (41 | ) |  |  |
Total net development for accident years prior to 2008 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  | 1 |  |  |
Total unallocated claim adjustment expense development |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  |
Total |  |  | $ | (22 | ) |  | $ | (46 | ) |  | $ | (38 | ) |  |
(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.
General Liability | Commercial |
Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense [Line Items] |
Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses | Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 | Calendar Year |  | As of December 31, 2017
(In millions, except reported claims data) | 2008(1) |  | 2009(1) |  | 2010(1) |  | 2011(1) |  | 2012(1) |  | 2013(1) |  | 2014(1) |  | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017 |  | IBNR |  | Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2008 | $ | 611 |  |  | $ | 604 |  |  | $ | 630 |  |  | $ | 647 |  |  | $ | 633 |  |  | $ | 632 |  |  | $ | 613 |  |  | $ | 600 |  |  | $ | 591 |  |  | $ | 592 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | 44,655 |
2009 |  |  | 591 |  |  | 637 |  |  | 634 |  |  | 633 |  |  | 629 |  |  | 623 |  |  | 619 |  |  | 622 |  |  | 627 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 44,038 |
2010 |  |  |  |  | 566 |  |  | 597 |  |  | 599 |  |  | 649 |  |  | 695 |  |  | 675 |  |  | 659 |  |  | 654 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 43,472 |
2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 537 |  |  | 534 |  |  | 564 |  |  | 610 |  |  | 611 |  |  | 621 |  |  | 615 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 38,216 |
2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 539 |  |  | 563 |  |  | 579 |  |  | 570 |  |  | 558 |  |  | 569 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 34,249 |
2013 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 615 |  |  | 645 |  |  | 634 |  |  | 643 |  |  | 604 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 33,255 |
2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 627 |  |  | 634 |  |  | 635 |  |  | 627 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 27,478 |
2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 573 |  |  | 574 |  |  | 585 |  |  | 208 |  |  | 23,082 |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 622 |  |  | 647 |  |  | 351 |  |  | 21,893 |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 627 |  |  | 547 |  |  | 15,375 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  |  | $ | 6,147 |  |  | $ | 1,412 |  |  |
Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense | Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 | Calendar Year
(In millions) | 2008(1) |  | 2009(1) |  | 2010(1) |  | 2011(1) |  | 2012(1) |  | 2013(1) |  | 2014(1) |  | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2008 | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 129 |  |  | $ | 261 |  |  | $ | 390 |  |  | $ | 473 |  |  | $ | 528 |  |  | $ | 550 |  |  | $ | 560 |  |  | $ | 567 |  |  | $ | 574 |
2009 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 112 |  |  | 270 |  |  | 392 |  |  | 486 |  |  | 532 |  |  | 557 |  |  | 584 |  |  | 596 |
2010 |  |  |  |  | 27 |  |  | 139 |  |  | 267 |  |  | 414 |  |  | 530 |  |  | 577 |  |  | 608 |  |  | 618 |
2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 27 |  |  | 135 |  |  | 253 |  |  | 389 |  |  | 484 |  |  | 534 |  |  | 562 |
2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 27 |  |  | 127 |  |  | 233 |  |  | 340 |  |  | 417 |  |  | 473 |
2013 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 33 |  |  | 135 |  |  | 257 |  |  | 377 |  |  | 469 |
2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 29 |  |  | 115 |  |  | 245 |  |  | 379 |
2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 31 |  |  | 132 |  |  | 247 |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 34 |  |  | 163 |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 27 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  |  | $ | 4,108 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented |  |  | $ | 2,039 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2008 |  |  | 1,026 |
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented |  |  | 58 |
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses |  |  | $ | 3,123 |
Short-duration contracts reserve development | Net strengthening or (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.
For the years ended December 31 |  |  | Calendar Year |  |
(In millions) |  |  | 2009(1) |  | 2010(1) |  | 2011(1) |  | 2012(1) |  | 2013(1) |  | 2014(1) |  | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017 |  | Total
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2008 |  |  | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | (14 | ) |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | (19 | ) |  | $ | (13 | ) |  | $ | (9 | ) |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (19 | )
2009 |  |  |  |  | 46 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | 3 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 36 |
2010 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 31 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 46 |  |  | (20 | ) |  | (16 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | 88 |
2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 30 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 10 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | 78 |
2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 24 |  |  | 16 |  |  | (9 | ) |  | (12 | ) |  | 11 |  |  | 30 |
2013 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 30 |  |  | (11 | ) |  | 9 |  |  | (39 | ) |  | (11 | )
2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (8 | ) |  | — |
2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 12 |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 25 |  |  | 25 |
Total net development for the accident years presented above |  |  | (49 | ) |  | (13 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  |  |
Total net development for accident years prior to 2008 |  |  | 16 |  |  | (15 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  |
Total unallocated claim adjustment expense development |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  |
Total |  |  | $ | (33 | ) |  | $ | (28 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  |
(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.
Workers' Compensation | Commercial |
Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense [Line Items] |
Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses | Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 | Calendar Year |  | As of December 31, 2017
(In millions, except reported claims data) | 2008(1) |  | 2009(1) |  | 2010(1) |  | 2011(1) |  | 2012(1) |  | 2013(1) |  | 2014(1) |  | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017 |  | IBNR |  | Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2008 | $ | 558 |  |  | $ | 575 |  |  | $ | 593 |  |  | $ | 606 |  |  | $ | 608 |  |  | $ | 612 |  |  | $ | 622 |  |  | $ | 630 |  |  | $ | 638 |  |  | $ | 652 |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  | 59,911 |
2009 |  |  | 583 |  |  | 587 |  |  | 594 |  |  | 596 |  |  | 600 |  |  | 611 |  |  | 617 |  |  | 625 |  |  | 632 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 51,161 |
2010 |  |  |  |  | 576 |  |  | 619 |  |  | 641 |  |  | 663 |  |  | 683 |  |  | 697 |  |  | 717 |  |  | 721 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 48,144 |
2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 593 |  |  | 628 |  |  | 637 |  |  | 648 |  |  | 642 |  |  | 666 |  |  | 668 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 44,691 |
2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 589 |  |  | 616 |  |  | 648 |  |  | 661 |  |  | 671 |  |  | 667 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 41,756 |
2013 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 528 |  |  | 563 |  |  | 584 |  |  | 610 |  |  | 584 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 38,153 |
2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 459 |  |  | 474 |  |  | 474 |  |  | 448 |  |  | 106 |  |  | 33,072 |
2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 416 |  |  | 426 |  |  | 401 |  |  | 154 |  |  | 31,470 |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 421 |  |  | 399 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 31,310 |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 434 |  |  | 254 |  |  | 27,929 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  |  | $ | 5,606 |  |  | $ | 958 |  |  |
Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense | Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 | Calendar Year
(In millions) | 2008(1) |  | 2009(1) |  | 2010(1) |  | 2011(1) |  | 2012(1) |  | 2013(1) |  | 2014(1) |  | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2008 | $ | 92 |  |  | $ | 233 |  |  | $ | 323 |  |  | $ | 381 |  |  | $ | 425 |  |  | $ | 461 |  |  | $ | 489 |  |  | $ | 505 |  |  | $ | 520 |  |  | $ | 541 |
2009 |  |  | 88 |  |  | 223 |  |  | 315 |  |  | 381 |  |  | 435 |  |  | 468 |  |  | 495 |  |  | 516 |  |  | 539 |
2010 |  |  |  |  | 94 |  |  | 245 |  |  | 352 |  |  | 433 |  |  | 500 |  |  | 531 |  |  | 565 |  |  | 603 |
2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 97 |  |  | 245 |  |  | 353 |  |  | 432 |  |  | 471 |  |  | 515 |  |  | 557 |
2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 86 |  |  | 229 |  |  | 338 |  |  | 411 |  |  | 465 |  |  | 503 |
2013 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 79 |  |  | 211 |  |  | 297 |  |  | 366 |  |  | 413 |
2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 60 |  |  | 157 |  |  | 213 |  |  | 256 |
2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 50 |  |  | 130 |  |  | 179 |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 52 |  |  | 127 |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 62 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  |  | $ | 3,780 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented |  |  | $ | 1,826 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2008 |  |  | 2,216 |
Other (2) |  |  | (37 | )
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented |  |  | 7 |
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses |  |  | $ | 4,012 |
Short-duration contracts reserve development | Net strengthening or (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.
For the years ended December 31 |  |  | Calendar Year |  |
(In millions) |  |  | 2009(1) |  | 2010(1) |  | 2011(1) |  | 2012(1) |  | 2013(1) |  | 2014(1) |  | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017 |  | Total
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2008 |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 94 |
2009 |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 49 |
2010 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 43 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 145 |
2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 35 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 11 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | 24 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 75 |
2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 27 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 10 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | 78 |
2013 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 35 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 26 |  |  | (26 | ) |  | 56 |
2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | (26 | ) |  | (11 | )
2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10 |  |  | (25 | ) |  | (15 | )
2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (22 | ) |  | (22 | )
Total net development for the accident years presented above |  |  | 71 |  |  | 106 |  |  | (76 | ) |  |  |
Adjustment for development on a discounted basis |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | (4 | ) |  |
Total net development for accident years prior to 2008 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 14 |  |  |
Total unallocated claim adjustment expense development |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  |
Total |  |  | $ | 80 |  |  | $ | 150 |  |  | $ | (65 | ) |  |
(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited. (2) Other includes the effect of discounting lifetime claim reserves.
Excluding Hardy | International |
Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense [Line Items] |
Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses | Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 | Calendar Year |  | As of December 31, 2017
(In millions, except reported claims data) | 2008(1) |  | 2009(1) |  | 2010(1) |  | 2011(1) |  | 2012(1) |  | 2013(1) |  | 2014(1) |  | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017 |  | IBNR |  | Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2008 | $ | 243 |  |  | $ | 246 |  |  | $ | 234 |  |  | $ | 226 |  |  | $ | 226 |  |  | $ | 218 |  |  | $ | 227 |  |  | $ | 229 |  |  | $ | 225 |  |  | $ | 224 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | 25,185 |
2009 |  |  | 272 |  |  | 268 |  |  | 270 |  |  | 271 |  |  | 256 |  |  | 252 |  |  | 242 |  |  | 233 |  |  | 232 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 21,402 |
2010 |  |  |  |  | 247 |  |  | 244 |  |  | 239 |  |  | 232 |  |  | 222 |  |  | 215 |  |  | 208 |  |  | 202 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 22,943 |
2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 281 |  |  | 283 |  |  | 275 |  |  | 253 |  |  | 242 |  |  | 235 |  |  | 232 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 25,448 |
2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 282 |  |  | 289 |  |  | 273 |  |  | 266 |  |  | 267 |  |  | 259 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 25,450 |
2013 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 304 |  |  | 307 |  |  | 298 |  |  | 278 |  |  | 273 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 24,276 |
2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 292 |  |  | 308 |  |  | 308 |  |  | 296 |  |  | 68 |  |  | 25,343 |
2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 307 |  |  | 323 |  |  | 321 |  |  | 88 |  |  | 23,563 |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 301 |  |  | 320 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 17,166 |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 317 |  |  | 178 |  |  | 14,772 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  |  | $ | 2,676 |  |  | $ | 563 |  |  |
Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense | Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 | Calendar Year
(In millions) | 2008(1) |  | 2009(1) |  | 2010(1) |  | 2011(1) |  | 2012(1) |  | 2013(1) |  | 2014(1) |  | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2008 | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 92 |  |  | $ | 137 |  |  | $ | 148 |  |  | $ | 156 |  |  | $ | 164 |  |  | $ | 179 |  |  | $ | 187 |  |  | $ | 207 |  |  | $ | 208 |
2009 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 99 |  |  | 130 |  |  | 146 |  |  | 163 |  |  | 174 |  |  | 186 |  |  | 197 |  |  | 203 |
2010 |  |  |  |  | 50 |  |  | 103 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 157 |  |  | 167 |  |  | 176 |  |  | 178 |
2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 47 |  |  | 121 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 158 |  |  | 172 |  |  | 184 |  |  | 193 |
2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 46 |  |  | 118 |  |  | 153 |  |  | 175 |  |  | 191 |  |  | 204 |
2013 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 53 |  |  | 118 |  |  | 146 |  |  | 165 |  |  | 179 |
2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 55 |  |  | 128 |  |  | 157 |  |  | 174 |
2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 59 |  |  | 140 |  |  | 171 |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 69 |  |  | 139 |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 67 |
Total |  |  | $ | 1,716 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented |  |  | $ | 960 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2008 |  |  | 42 |
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented |  |  | 24 |
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses |  |  | $ | 1,026 |
Short-duration contracts reserve development | Net strengthening or (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.
For the years ended December 31 |  | Calendar Year |  |
(In millions) |  |  | 2009(1) |  | 2010(1) |  | 2011(1) |  | 2012(1) |  | 2013(1) |  | 2014(1) |  | 2015(1)(2) |  |  | 2016(1)(2) |  | 2017(2) |  | Total (2)
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2008 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | (12 | ) |  | $ | (8 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (8 | ) |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (4 | ) |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | (19 | )
2009 |  |  |  |  | (4 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (15 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | (10 | ) |  | (9 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (40 | )
2010 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | (7 | ) |  | (10 | ) |  | (7 | ) |  | (7 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  | (45 | )
2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  | (8 | ) |  | (22 | ) |  | (11 | ) |  | (7 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (49 | )
2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |  | (16 | ) |  | (7 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | (8 | ) |  | (23 | )
2013 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  | (9 | ) |  | (20 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | (31 | )
2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | (12 | ) |  | 4 |
2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 16 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 14 |
2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 19 |  |  | 19 |
(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited. (2) The amounts included in the loss reserve development tables above are presented at the year-end 2017 foreign currency exchange rates for all periods presented to remove the effects of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations between calendar years. The amounts included within the table on page 101 presenting the detail of the development recorded within the International segment include the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

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