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Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items] |
Short-duration insurance contracts, reconciliation of claims development to liability | The table below reconciles the net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses to the amount presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
As of December 31 |
(In millions) | 2024
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses: |
Specialty | $ | 5,979 |
Commercial | 9,939 |
International | 2,416 |
Life & Group (1) | 541 |
Corporate & Other | 388 |
Total net claim and claim adjustment expenses | 19,263 |
Reinsurance receivables: (2) |
Specialty | 1,447 |
Commercial | 1,397 |
International | 504 |
Life & Group | 81 |
Corporate & Other (3) | 2,284 |
Total reinsurance receivables | 5,713 |
Total gross liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses | $ | 24,976 |
(1) The Life & Group segment amounts are related to unfunded structured settlements arising from short-duration contracts. (2) Reinsurance receivables presented are gross of the allowance for uncollectible reinsurance and do not include reinsurance receivables related to paid losses. (3) The Corporate & Other Reinsurance receivables are primarily related to A&EP claims covered under the A&EP Loss Portfolio Transfer (LPT).
Schedule of liability for unpaid claims and claims adjustment expense | The following table presents a reconciliation between beginning and ending claim and claim adjustment expense reserves.
As of or for the years ended December 31 |  |  |  |  |
(In millions) | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Reserves, beginning of year: |  |  |  |  |
Gross | $ | 23,304 |  |  | $ | 22,120 |  |  | $ | 21,269 |
Ceded | 5,141 |  |  | 5,191 |  |  | 4,969 |
Net reserves, beginning of year | 18,163 |  |  | 16,929 |  |  | 16,300 |
Net incurred claim and claim adjustment expenses: |  |  |  |  |
Provision for insured events of current year | 6,330 |  |  | 5,667 |  |  | 5,181 |
Increase (decrease) in provision for insured events of prior years | 42 |  |  | 48 |  |  | (32) |
Amortization of discount | 39 |  |  | 44 |  |  | 44 |
Total net incurred (1) | 6,411 |  |  | 5,759 |  |  | 5,193 |
Net payments attributable to: |  |  |  |  |
Current year events | (1,093) |  |  | (922) |  |  | (821) |
Prior year events | (4,096) |  |  | (3,679) |  |  | (3,481) |
Total net payments | (5,189) |  |  | (4,601) |  |  | (4,302) |
Foreign currency translation adjustment and other | (122) |  |  | 76 |  |  | (262) |
Net reserves, end of year | 19,263 |  |  | 18,163 |  |  | 16,929 |
Ceded reserves, end of year | 5,713 |  |  | 5,141 |  |  | 5,191 |
Gross reserves, end of year | $ | 24,976 |  |  | $ | 23,304 |  |  | $ | 22,120 |
(1) Total net incurred does not agree to Insurance claims and policyholders' benefits as reflected on the Consolidated Statements of Operations due to amounts related to retroactive reinsurance deferred gain accounting and uncollectible reinsurance, which are not reflected in the table above.
Gross and net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves | The following tables present the gross and net carried reserves.
December 31, 2024 | Specialty |  | Commercial |  | International |  | Life & Group |  | Corporate & Other |  | Total
(In millions) |  |  |  |  |
Gross Case Reserves | $ | 2,023 |  |  | $ | 3,690 |  |  | $ | 876 |  |  | $ | 572 |  |  | $ | 1,241 |  |  | $ | 8,402 |
Gross IBNR Reserves | 5,403 |  |  | 7,646 |  |  | 2,044 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 1,431 |  |  | 16,574 |
Total Gross Carried Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves | $ | 7,426 |  |  | $ | 11,336 |  |  | $ | 2,920 |  |  | $ | 622 |  |  | $ | 2,672 |  |  | $ | 24,976 |
Net Case Reserves | $ | 1,697 |  |  | $ | 3,135 |  |  | $ | 741 |  |  | $ | 514 |  |  | $ | 120 |  |  | $ | 6,207 |
Net IBNR Reserves | 4,282 |  |  | 6,804 |  |  | 1,675 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 268 |  |  | 13,056 |
Total Net Carried Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves | $ | 5,979 |  |  | $ | 9,939 |  |  | $ | 2,416 |  |  | $ | 541 |  |  | $ | 388 |  |  | $ | 19,263 |
December 31, 2023 | Specialty |  | Commercial |  | International |  | Life & Group |  | Corporate & Other |  | Total
(In millions) |  |  |  |  |
Gross Case Reserves | $ | 1,604 |  |  | $ | 3,291 |  |  | $ | 864 |  |  | $ | 626 |  |  | $ | 1,353 |  |  | $ | 7,738 |
Gross IBNR Reserves | 5,527 |  |  | 6,812 |  |  | 1,845 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 1,333 |  |  | 15,566 |
Total Gross Carried Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves | $ | 7,131 |  |  | $ | 10,103 |  |  | $ | 2,709 |  |  | $ | 675 |  |  | $ | 2,686 |  |  | $ | 23,304 |
Net Case Reserves | $ | 1,392 |  |  | $ | 2,878 |  |  | $ | 708 |  |  | $ | 556 |  |  | $ | 129 |  |  | $ | 5,663 |
Net IBNR Reserves | 4,524 |  |  | 6,143 |  |  | 1,568 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 239 |  |  | 12,500 |
Total Net Carried Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves | $ | 5,916 |  |  | $ | 9,021 |  |  | $ | 2,276 |  |  | $ | 582 |  |  | $ | 368 |  |  | $ | 18,163 |
Net prior year development | The following table presents development recorded for the Specialty, Commercial, International and Corporate & Other segments.
Years ended December 31 |  |  |  |  |
(In millions) | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development: |  |  |  |  |
Specialty | $ | (9) |  |  | $ | (14) |  |  | $ | (40) |
Commercial | (16) |  |  | (22) |  |  | (43) |
International | (6) |  |  | 13 |  |  | (13) |
Corporate & Other | 79 |  |  | 71 |  | 64 |
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | (32) |
Impact of loss portfolio transfer on the consolidated statement of operations | The following table presents the impact of the Loss Portfolio Transfer on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Years ended December 31 |  |  |  |  |
(In millions) | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Additional amounts ceded under LPT: |  |  |  |  |
Net A&EP adverse development before consideration of LPT | $ | 103 |  |  | $ | 86 |  |  | $ | 92 |
Provision for uncollectible third-party reinsurance on A&EP | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5) |
Total additional amounts ceded under LPT | 103 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 87 |
Retroactive reinsurance benefit recognized | (95) |  |  | (94) |  |  | (91) |
Pretax impact of deferred retroactive reinsurance | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | (8) |  |  | $ | (4) |
Specialty |
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items] |
Short-duration insurance contracts, reconciliation of claims development to liability | The table below provides the line of business composition of the net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for the Specialty segment.
As of December 31 |
(In millions) | 2024
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses: |
Medical Professional Liability | $ | 1,425 |
Other Professional Liability and Management Liability | 3,967 |
Surety | 493 |
Warranty | 46 |
Other | 48 |
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses | $ | 5,979 |
Net prior year claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserve development | The following table presents further detail of the development recorded for the Specialty segment.
Years ended December 31 |  |  |  |  |
(In millions) | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development: |  |  |  |  |
Medical Professional Liability | $ | (8) |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 18 |
Other Professional Liability and Management Liability | 49 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 50 |
Surety | (68) |  |  | (43) |  |  | (83) |
Warranty | 20 |  |  | (11) |  |  | (21) |
Other | (2) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (4) |
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development | $ | (9) |  |  | $ | (14) |  |  | $ | (40) |
Commercial |
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items] |
Short-duration insurance contracts, reconciliation of claims development to liability | The table below provides the line of business composition of the net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for the Commercial segment.
As of December 31 |
(In millions) | 2024
Net Claim and claim adjustment expenses: |
Commercial Auto | $ | 1,247 |
General Liability | 4,356 |
Workers' Compensation | 3,543 |
Property and Other | 793 |
Total net liability for claim and claim adjustment expenses | $ | 9,939 |
Net prior year claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserve development | The following table presents further detail of the development recorded for the Commercial segment.
Years ended December 31 |  |  |  |  |
(In millions) | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial Auto | $ | 107 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 49 |
General Liability | 75 |  |  | 149 |  |  | 67 |
Workers' Compensation | (202) |  |  | (203) |  |  | (152) |
Property and Other | 4 |  |  | (1) |  |  | (7) |
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development | $ | (16) |  |  | $ | (22) |  |  | $ | (43) |
International |
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items] |
Short-duration insurance contracts, reconciliation of claims development to liability | The table below provides the composition of the net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for the International segment.
As of December 31 |
(In millions) | 2024
Net Claim and claim adjustment expenses: |
International excluding Hardy | $ | 1,754 |
Hardy | 662 |
Total net liability for claim and claim adjustment expenses | $ | 2,416 |
Net prior year claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserve development | The following table presents further detail of the development recorded for the International segment.
Years ended December 31 |  |  |  |  |
(In millions) | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | $ | (12) |  |  | $ | (18) |  |  | $ | (10) |
Specialty | 6 |  |  | 35 |  |  | (4) |
Other | — |  |  | (4) |  |  | 1 |
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development | $ | (6) |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | (13) |
CNAF Consolidated |
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items] |
Schedule of historical claims duration | The table below presents information about average historical claims duration as of December 31, 2024 and is presented as required supplementary information, which is unaudited.
Average Annual Percentage Payout of Ultimate Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses in Year:
| 1 |  | 2 |  | 3 |  | 4 |  | 5 |  | 6 |  | 7 |  | 8 |  | 9 |  | 10
Specialty |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Medical Professional Liability | 3.6 | % |  | 16.3 | % |  | 21.8 | % |  | 16.6 | % |  | 12.7 | % |  | 8.9 | % |  | 5.7 | % |  | 3.2 | % |  | 1.1 | % |  | 1.6 | %
Other Professional Liability and Management Liability | 6.5 | % |  | 19.6 | % |  | 19.2 | % |  | 14.7 | % |  | 10.5 | % |  | 6.9 | % |  | 5.6 | % |  | 6.1 | % |  | 2.5 | % |  | 0.6 | %
Surety (1) | 17.3 | % |  | 41.0 | % |  | 16.4 | % |  | 8.1 | % |  | 3.9 | % |  | 6.2 | % |  | (2.3) | % |  | (0.3) | % |  | 1.1 | % |  | — | %
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial Auto | 23.7 | % |  | 22.3 | % |  | 18.4 | % |  | 14.6 | % |  | 10.5 | % |  | 5.1 | % |  | 2.4 | % |  | 0.9 | % |  | 0.5 | % |  | 1.1 | %
General Liability | 3.4 | % |  | 12.5 | % |  | 15.7 | % |  | 16.8 | % |  | 13.8 | % |  | 9.2 | % |  | 7.1 | % |  | 5.7 | % |  | 3.2 | % |  | 1.2 | %
Workers' Compensation | 16.8 | % |  | 23.4 | % |  | 14.2 | % |  | 8.8 | % |  | 5.9 | % |  | 3.8 | % |  | 2.3 | % |  | 1.2 | % |  | 1.0 | % |  | 0.6 | %
International |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
International - Excluding Hardy | 16.2 | % |  | 21.0 | % |  | 9.6 | % |  | 6.5 | % |  | 6.1 | % |  | 6.5 | % |  | 7.5 | % |  | 2.7 | % |  | 3.9 | % |  | 2.3 | %
International - Hardy | 15.4 | % |  | 28.9 | % |  | 15.3 | % |  | 8.6 | % |  | 5.2 | % |  | 6.2 | % |  | 1.8 | % |  | 3.3 | % |  | (0.3) | % |  | (5.1) | %
(1) Due to the nature of the Surety business, average annual percentage payout of ultimate net incurred claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses has been calculated using only the payouts of mature accident years presented in the loss reserve development tables.
Hardy | International |
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items] |
Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses | Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 | Calendar Year | As of December 31, 2024
(In millions, except reported claims data) | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017(1) |  | 2018(1) |  | 2019(1) |  | 2020(1) |  | 2021(1) |  | 2022(1) |  | 2023(1) |  | 2024 |  | IBNR |  | Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2015 | $ | 185 |  |  | $ | 174 |  |  | $ | 172 |  |  | $ | 172 |  |  | $ | 171 |  |  | $ | 173 |  |  | $ | 173 |  |  | $ | 175 |  |  | $ | 174 |  |  | $ | 176 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | 9,754 |
2016 |  |  | 223 |  |  | 240 |  |  | 230 |  |  | 219 |  |  | 220 |  |  | 214 |  |  | 215 |  |  | 219 |  |  | 220 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 10,940 |
2017 |  |  |  |  | 240 |  |  | 249 |  |  | 240 |  |  | 241 |  |  | 249 |  |  | 248 |  |  | 237 |  |  | 248 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 13,373 |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 264 |  |  | 293 |  |  | 297 |  |  | 302 |  |  | 301 |  |  | 319 |  |  | 319 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 15,513 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 216 |  |  | 219 |  |  | 214 |  |  | 221 |  |  | 217 |  |  | 219 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 11,868 |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 206 |  |  | 198 |  |  | 192 |  |  | 189 |  |  | 188 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 7,250 |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 174 |  |  | 164 |  |  | 151 |  |  | 142 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 4,098 |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 187 |  |  | 184 |  |  | 189 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 2,785 |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 197 |  |  | 188 |  |  | 104 |  |  | 2,558 |
2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 221 |  |  | 165 |  |  | 1,495 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | $ | 2,110 |  |  | $ | 455 |  |  |
Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense | Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 | Calendar Year
(In millions) | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017(1) |  | 2018(1) |  | 2019(1) |  | 2020(1) |  | 2021(1) |  | 2022(1) |  | 2023(1) |  | 2024
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2015 | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | 126 |  |  | $ | 141 |  |  | $ | 151 |  |  | $ | 159 |  |  | $ | 161 |  |  | $ | 170 |  |  | $ | 169 |  |  | $ | 160 |
2016 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 142 |  |  | 168 |  |  | 177 |  |  | 189 |  |  | 201 |  |  | 201 |  |  | 205 |  |  | 205 |
2017 |  |  |  |  | 52 |  |  | 149 |  |  | 181 |  |  | 203 |  |  | 211 |  |  | 222 |  |  | 227 |  |  | 234 |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 54 |  |  | 167 |  |  | 196 |  |  | 228 |  |  | 245 |  |  | 266 |  |  | 279 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 43 |  |  | 101 |  |  | 138 |  |  | 155 |  |  | 165 |  |  | 187 |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 27 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 102 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 130 |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 84 |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 23 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 103 |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 17 |  |  | 54 |
2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 16 |
Total | $ | 1,452 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented | $ | 658 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2015 | (5) |
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented | 9 |
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses | $ | 662 |
Short-duration contracts reserve development | Net strengthening (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.
For the years ended December 31 |  | Calendar Year |  |
(In millions) |  |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017(1) |  | 2018(1) |  | 2019(1) |  | 2020(1) |  | 2021(1) |  | 2022(1) |  | 2023(1) |  | 2024 |  | Total(2)
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2015 |  |  | $ | (11) |  |  | $ | (2) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (9) |
2016 |  |  |  |  | 17 |  |  | (10) |  |  | (11) |  |  | 1 |  |  | (6) |  |  | 1 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (3) |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9 |  |  | (9) |  |  | 1 |  |  | 8 |  |  | (1) |  |  | (11) |  |  | 11 |  |  | 8 |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 29 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 5 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 18 |  |  | — |  |  | 55 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  | (5) |  |  | 7 |  |  | (4) |  |  | 2 |  |  | 3 |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (8) |  |  | (6) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (18) |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (10) |  |  | (13) |  |  | (9) |  |  | (32) |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3) |  |  | 5 |  |  | 2 |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (9) |  |  | (9) |
(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited. (2) The amounts included in the loss reserve development tables above are presented at the year-end 2024 foreign currency exchange rates for all periods presented to remove the effects of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations between calendar years. The amounts included within the table on page 105 presenting the detail of the development recorded within the International segment include the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
Medical Professional Liability | Specialty |
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items] |
Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses | Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 | Calendar Year |  | As of December 31, 2024
(In millions, except reported claims data) | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017(1) |  | 2018(1) |  | 2019(1) |  | 2020(1) |  | 2021(1) |  | 2022(1) |  | 2023(1) |  | 2024 |  | IBNR |  | Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2015 | $ | 433 |  |  | $ | 499 |  |  | $ | 510 |  |  | $ | 494 |  |  | $ | 488 |  |  | $ | 510 |  |  | $ | 501 |  |  | $ | 498 |  |  | $ | 494 |  |  | $ | 494 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | 18,228 |
2016 |  |  | 427 |  |  | 487 |  |  | 485 |  |  | 499 |  |  | 508 |  |  | 510 |  |  | 508 |  |  | 514 |  |  | 513 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 16,195 |
2017 |  |  |  |  | 412 |  |  | 449 |  |  | 458 |  |  | 460 |  |  | 455 |  |  | 460 |  |  | 456 |  |  | 463 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 15,384 |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 404 |  |  | 429 |  |  | 431 |  |  | 448 |  |  | 470 |  |  | 495 |  |  | 499 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 15,331 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 430 |  |  | 445 |  |  | 458 |  |  | 471 |  |  | 469 |  |  | 481 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 14,515 |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 477 |  |  | 476 |  |  | 455 |  |  | 447 |  |  | 419 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 11,289 |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 377 |  |  | 376 |  |  | 374 |  |  | 349 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 9,935 |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 329 |  |  | 329 |  |  | 333 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 9,965 |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 340 |  |  | 350 |  |  | 162 |  |  | 10,424 |
2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 343 |  |  | 278 |  |  | 8,561 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | $ | 4,244 |  |  | $ | 916 |  |  |
Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense | Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 | Calendar Year
(In millions) | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017(1) |  | 2018(1) |  | 2019(1) |  | 2020(1) |  | 2021(1) |  | 2022(1) |  | 2023(1) |  | 2024
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2015 | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 101 |  |  | $ | 230 |  |  | $ | 313 |  |  | $ | 384 |  |  | $ | 420 |  |  | $ | 444 |  |  | $ | 458 |  |  | $ | 463 |  |  | $ | 471 |
2016 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 121 |  |  | 246 |  |  | 339 |  |  | 401 |  |  | 436 |  |  | 460 |  |  | 483 |  |  | 489 |
2017 |  |  |  |  | 19 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 235 |  |  | 308 |  |  | 355 |  |  | 388 |  |  | 417 |  |  | 427 |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 21 |  |  | 115 |  |  | 211 |  |  | 290 |  |  | 349 |  |  | 418 |  |  | 453 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 17 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 183 |  |  | 280 |  |  | 349 |  |  | 395 |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 139 |  |  | 201 |  |  | 258 |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 118 |  |  | 170 |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 122 |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14 |  |  | 86 |
2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | $ | 2,884 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented |  | $ | 1,360 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2015 |  | 33 |
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented |  | 32 |
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses |  | $ | 1,425 |
Short-duration contracts reserve development | Net strengthening (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.
For the years ended December 31 |  |  | Calendar Year |  |
(In millions) |  |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017(1) |  | 2018(1) |  | 2019(1) |  | 2020(1) |  | 2021(1) |  | 2022(1) |  | 2023(1) |  | 2024 |  | Total
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2015 |  |  | $ | 66 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | (16) |  |  | $ | (6) |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | (9) |  |  | $ | (3) |  |  | $ | (4) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 61 |
2016 |  |  |  |  | 60 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 14 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 6 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 86 |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 37 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (5) |  |  | 5 |  |  | (4) |  |  | 7 |  |  | 51 |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 25 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 95 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 13 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 12 |  |  | 51 |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1) |  |  | (21) |  |  | (8) |  |  | (28) |  |  | (58) |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (25) |  |  | (28) |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10 |  |  | 10 |
Total net development for the accident years presented above |  | 13 |  |  | 11 |  |  | (17) |  |  |
Total net development for accident years prior to 2015 |  | — |  |  | (6) |  |  | 9 |  |  |
Total unallocated claim adjustment expense development |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Total |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | (8) |  |  |
(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.
Other Professional Liability and Management Liability | Specialty |
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items] |
Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses | Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 | Calendar Year |  | As of December 31, 2024
(In millions, except reported claims data) | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017(1) |  | 2018(1) |  | 2019(1) |  | 2020(1) |  | 2021(1) |  | 2022(1) |  | 2023(1) |  | 2024 |  | IBNR |  | Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2015 | $ | 888 |  |  | $ | 892 |  |  | $ | 877 |  |  | $ | 832 |  |  | $ | 807 |  |  | $ | 813 |  |  | $ | 836 |  |  | $ | 855 |  |  | $ | 858 |  |  | $ | 865 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | 17,457 |
2016 |  |  | 901 |  |  | 900 |  |  | 900 |  |  | 904 |  |  | 907 |  |  | 891 |  |  | 888 |  |  | 906 |  |  | 912 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 17,989 |
2017 |  |  |  |  | 847 |  |  | 845 |  |  | 813 |  |  | 791 |  |  | 775 |  |  | 758 |  |  | 746 |  |  | 752 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 18,215 |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 850 |  |  | 864 |  |  | 869 |  |  | 906 |  |  | 923 |  |  | 941 |  |  | 987 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 20,071 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 837 |  |  | 845 |  |  | 856 |  |  | 876 |  |  | 939 |  |  | 970 |  |  | 96 |  |  | 19,548 |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 930 |  |  | 944 |  |  | 951 |  |  | 945 |  |  | 945 |  |  | 168 |  |  | 19,509 |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,037 |  |  | 1,038 |  |  | 1,009 |  |  | 965 |  |  | 311 |  |  | 18,377 |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,120 |  |  | 1,112 |  |  | 1,084 |  |  | 465 |  |  | 18,376 |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,149 |  |  | 1,166 |  |  | 564 |  |  | 19,587 |
2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,150 |  |  | 918 |  |  | 17,921 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | $ | 9,796 |  |  | $ | 2,688 |  |  |
Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense | Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 | Calendar Year
(In millions) | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017(1) |  | 2018(1) |  | 2019(1) |  | 2020(1) |  | 2021(1) |  | 2022(1) |  | 2023(1) |  | 2024
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2015 | $ | 60 |  |  | $ | 234 |  |  | $ | 404 |  |  | $ | 542 |  |  | $ | 612 |  |  | $ | 677 |  |  | $ | 725 |  |  | $ | 794 |  |  | $ | 808 |  |  | $ | 813 |
2016 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 248 |  |  | 466 |  |  | 625 |  |  | 701 |  |  | 736 |  |  | 784 |  |  | 826 |  |  | 856 |
2017 |  |  |  |  | 57 |  |  | 222 |  |  | 394 |  |  | 498 |  |  | 557 |  |  | 596 |  |  | 630 |  |  | 672 |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 54 |  |  | 282 |  |  | 473 |  |  | 599 |  |  | 706 |  |  | 779 |  |  | 847 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 64 |  |  | 263 |  |  | 422 |  |  | 567 |  |  | 699 |  |  | 801 |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 67 |  |  | 248 |  |  | 400 |  |  | 523 |  |  | 660 |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 58 |  |  | 217 |  |  | 356 |  |  | 502 |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 64 |  |  | 225 |  |  | 453 |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 64 |  |  | 302 |
2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 77 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | $ | 5,983 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented |  | $ | 3,813 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2015 |  | 98 |
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented |  | 56 |
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses |  | $ | 3,967 |
Short-duration contracts reserve development | Net strengthening (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.
For the years ended December 31 |  |  | Calendar Year |  |
(In millions) |  |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017(1) |  | 2018(1) |  | 2019(1) |  | 2020(1) |  | 2021(1) |  | 2022(1) |  | 2023(1) |  | 2024 |  | Total
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2015 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | (15) |  |  | $ | (45) |  |  | $ | (25) |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | (23) |
2016 |  |  |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (16) |  |  | (3) |  |  | 18 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 11 |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2) |  |  | (32) |  |  | (22) |  |  | (16) |  |  | (17) |  |  | (12) |  |  | 6 |  |  | (95) |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 137 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 133 |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14 |  |  | 7 |  |  | (6) |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  | (29) |  |  | (44) |  |  | (72) |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (8) |  |  | (28) |  |  | (36) |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 17 |  |  | 17 |
Total net development for the accident years presented above |  | 44 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 41 |  |  |
Total net development for accident years prior to 2015 |  | 6 |  |  | (10) |  |  | 3 |  |  |
Total unallocated claim adjustment expense development |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  |
Total |  | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 49 |  |  |
(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.
Surety | Specialty |
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items] |
Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses | Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 | Calendar Year |  | As of December 31, 2024
(In millions, except reported claims data) | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017(1) |  | 2018(1) |  | 2019(1) |  | 2020(1) |  | 2021(1) |  | 2022(1) |  | 2023(1) |  | 2024 |  | IBNR |  | Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2015 | $ | 131 |  |  | $ | 131 |  |  | $ | 104 |  |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 63 |  |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | 5,103 |
2016 |  |  | 124 |  |  | 124 |  |  | 109 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 67 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 5,577 |
2017 |  |  |  |  | 120 |  |  | 115 |  |  | 103 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 71 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 67 |  |  | 67 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 5,909 |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 114 |  |  | 108 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 56 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 6,297 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 119 |  |  | 112 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 87 |  |  | 82 |  |  | 82 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 6,229 |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 128 |  |  | 119 |  |  | 81 |  |  | 67 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 4,827 |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 137 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 4,884 |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 155 |  |  | 158 |  |  | 132 |  |  | 74 |  |  | 4,893 |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 175 |  |  | 169 |  |  | 138 |  |  | 4,378 |
2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 171 |  |  | 145 |  |  | 2,940 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | $ | 906 |  |  | $ | 427 |  |  |
Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense | Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 | Calendar Year
(In millions) | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017(1) |  | 2018(1) |  | 2019(1) |  | 2020(1) |  | 2021(1) |  | 2022(1) |  | 2023(1) |  | 2024
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2015 | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 43 |
2016 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 40 |
2017 |  |  |  |  | 23 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 63 |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 41 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 44 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 74 |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 44 |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 42 |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 52 |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8 |  |  | 27 |
2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | $ | 446 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented |  | $ | 460 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2015 |  | 14 |
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented |  | 19 |
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses |  | $ | 493 |
Short-duration contracts reserve development | Net strengthening (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.
For the years ended December 31 |  |  | Calendar Year |  |
(In millions) |  |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017(1) |  | 2018(1) |  | 2019(1) |  | 2020(1) |  | 2021(1) |  | 2022(1) |  | 2023(1) |  | 2024 |  | Total
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2015 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (27) |  |  | $ | (25) |  |  | $ | (16) |  |  | $ | (5) |  |  | $ | (5) |  |  | $ | (8) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (86) |
2016 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (15) |  |  | (25) |  |  | (17) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (6) |  |  | (15) |  |  | — |  |  | (81) |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5) |  |  | (12) |  |  | (19) |  |  | (13) |  |  | (5) |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | (53) |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (6) |  |  | (17) |  |  | (29) |  |  | (6) |  |  | (5) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (65) |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (7) |  |  | (14) |  |  | (11) |  |  | (5) |  |  | — |  |  | (37) |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (9) |  |  | (38) |  |  | (14) |  |  | (10) |  |  | (71) |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (8) |  |  | (19) |  |  | (19) |  |  | (46) |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  | (26) |  |  | (23) |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (6) |  |  | (6) |
Total net development for the accident years presented above |  | (82) |  |  | (54) |  |  | (63) |  |  |
Total net development for accident years prior to 2015 |  | (1) |  |  | 11 |  |  | (5) |  |  |
Total unallocated claim adjustment expense development |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Total |  | $ | (83) |  |  | $ | (43) |  |  | $ | (68) |  |  |
(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.
Commercial Auto | Commercial |
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items] |
Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses | Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 | Calendar Year |  | As of December 31, 2024
(In millions, except reported claims data) | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017(1) |  | 2018(1) |  | 2019(1) |  | 2020(1) |  | 2021(1) |  | 2022(1) |  | 2023(1) |  | 2024 |  | IBNR |  | Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2015 | $ | 201 |  |  | $ | 199 |  |  | $ | 190 |  |  | $ | 190 |  |  | $ | 183 |  |  | $ | 181 |  |  | $ | 183 |  |  | $ | 182 |  |  | $ | 184 |  |  | $ | 184 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | 30,430 |
2016 |  |  | 198 |  |  | 186 |  |  | 186 |  |  | 186 |  |  | 190 |  |  | 195 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 197 |  |  | 195 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 30,457 |
2017 |  |  |  |  | 199 |  |  | 198 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 221 |  |  | 232 |  |  | 239 |  |  | 241 |  |  | 241 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 30,947 |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 229 |  |  | 227 |  |  | 227 |  |  | 245 |  |  | 254 |  |  | 255 |  |  | 260 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 34,333 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 257 |  |  | 266 |  |  | 289 |  |  | 323 |  |  | 325 |  |  | 327 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 37,280 |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 310 |  |  | 303 |  |  | 304 |  |  | 298 |  |  | 303 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 29,182 |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 397 |  |  | 388 |  |  | 390 |  |  | 393 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 33,028 |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 437 |  |  | 465 |  |  | 496 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 37,230 |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 554 |  |  | 620 |  |  | 202 |  |  | 42,345 |
2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 726 |  |  | 447 |  |  | 40,718 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | $ | 3,745 |  |  | $ | 820 |  |  |
Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense | Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 | Calendar Year
(In millions) | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017(1) |  | 2018(1) |  | 2019(1) |  | 2020(1) |  | 2021(1) |  | 2022(1) |  | 2023(1) |  | 2024
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2015 | $ | 52 |  |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | 130 |  |  | $ | 153 |  |  | $ | 172 |  |  | $ | 175 |  |  | $ | 178 |  |  | $ | 179 |  |  | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | 182 |
2016 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 154 |  |  | 175 |  |  | 185 |  |  | 190 |  |  | 192 |  |  | 193 |
2017 |  |  |  |  | 58 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 150 |  |  | 178 |  |  | 203 |  |  | 225 |  |  | 232 |  |  | 235 |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 66 |  |  | 128 |  |  | 175 |  |  | 212 |  |  | 238 |  |  | 249 |  |  | 256 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 77 |  |  | 147 |  |  | 203 |  |  | 257 |  |  | 295 |  |  | 312 |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 71 |  |  | 134 |  |  | 197 |  |  | 246 |  |  | 276 |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 83 |  |  | 168 |  |  | 240 |  |  | 305 |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 112 |  |  | 236 |  |  | 334 |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 127 |  |  | 270 |
2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 153 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | $ | 2,516 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented |  | $ | 1,229 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2015 |  | 1 |
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented |  | 17 |
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses |  | $ | 1,247 |
Short-duration contracts reserve development | Net strengthening (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.
For the years ended December 31 |  |  | Calendar Year |  |
(In millions) |  |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017(1) |  | 2018(1) |  | 2019(1) |  | 2020(1) |  | 2021(1) |  | 2022(1) |  | 2023(1) |  | 2024 |  | Total
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2015 |  |  | $ | (2) |  |  | $ | (9) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (7) |  |  | $ | (2) |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (17) |
2016 |  |  |  |  | (12) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 5 |  |  | (3) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (3) |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1) |  |  | 2 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 42 |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | 18 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 31 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 70 |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (7) |  |  | 1 |  |  | (6) |  |  | 5 |  |  | (7) |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (9) |  |  | 2 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (4) |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 28 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 59 |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 66 |  |  | 66 |
Total net development for the accident years presented above |  | 46 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 110 |  |  |
Total net development for accident years prior to 2015 |  | 3 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (3) |  |  |
Total unallocated claim adjustment expense development |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  |
Total |  | $ | 49 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 107 |  |  |
(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.
General Liability | Commercial |
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items] |
Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses | Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 | Calendar Year |  | As of December 31, 2024
(In millions, except reported claims data) | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017(1) |  | 2018(1) |  | 2019(1) |  | 2020(1) |  | 2021(1) |  | 2022(1) |  | 2023(1) |  | 2024 |  | IBNR |  | Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2015 | $ | 581 |  |  | $ | 576 |  |  | $ | 574 |  |  | $ | 589 |  |  | $ | 600 |  |  | $ | 602 |  |  | $ | 617 |  |  | $ | 625 |  |  | $ | 639 |  |  | $ | 656 |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | 24,309 |
2016 |  |  | 623 |  |  | 659 |  |  | 667 |  |  | 671 |  |  | 673 |  |  | 683 |  |  | 684 |  |  | 704 |  |  | 712 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 24,901 |
2017 |  |  |  |  | 632 |  |  | 632 |  |  | 632 |  |  | 634 |  |  | 630 |  |  | 652 |  |  | 690 |  |  | 713 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 22,544 |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 653 |  |  | 644 |  |  | 646 |  |  | 639 |  |  | 650 |  |  | 679 |  |  | 665 |  |  | 83 |  |  | 20,553 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 680 |  |  | 682 |  |  | 682 |  |  | 691 |  |  | 720 |  |  | 727 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 19,907 |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 723 |  |  | 722 |  |  | 726 |  |  | 736 |  |  | 702 |  |  | 237 |  |  | 14,964 |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 782 |  |  | 784 |  |  | 793 |  |  | 814 |  |  | 299 |  |  | 15,952 |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 929 |  |  | 928 |  |  | 930 |  |  | 515 |  |  | 17,527 |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,071 |  |  | 1,106 |  |  | 726 |  |  | 17,037 |
2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,271 |  |  | 1,144 |  |  | 14,632 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | $ | 8,296 |  |  | $ | 3,215 |  |  |
Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense | Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 | Calendar Year
(In millions) | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017(1) |  | 2018(1) |  | 2019(1) |  | 2020(1) |  | 2021(1) |  | 2022(1) |  | 2023(1) |  | 2024
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2015 | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 110 |  |  | $ | 230 |  |  | $ | 357 |  |  | $ | 446 |  |  | $ | 501 |  |  | $ | 530 |  |  | $ | 561 |  |  | $ | 573 |  |  | $ | 581 |
2016 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 163 |  |  | 279 |  |  | 407 |  |  | 481 |  |  | 524 |  |  | 582 |  |  | 620 |  |  | 652 |
2017 |  |  |  |  | 23 |  |  | 118 |  |  | 250 |  |  | 399 |  |  | 471 |  |  | 553 |  |  | 606 |  |  | 657 |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 33 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 228 |  |  | 307 |  |  | 428 |  |  | 491 |  |  | 546 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 25 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 181 |  |  | 322 |  |  | 455 |  |  | 532 |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 23 |  |  | 99 |  |  | 192 |  |  | 280 |  |  | 367 |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 26 |  |  | 140 |  |  | 262 |  |  | 391 |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 29 |  |  | 123 |  |  | 260 |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 33 |  |  | 153 |
2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 34 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | $ | 4,173 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented |  | $ | 4,123 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2015 |  | 171 |
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented |  | 62 |
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses |  | $ | 4,356 |
Short-duration contracts reserve development | Net strengthening (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.
For the years ended December 31 |  |  | Calendar Year |  |
(In millions) |  |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017(1) |  | 2018(1) |  | 2019(1) |  | 2020(1) |  | 2021(1) |  | 2022(1) |  | 2023(1) |  | 2024 |  | Total
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2015 |  |  | $ | (5) |  |  | $ | (2) |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 75 |
2016 |  |  |  |  | 36 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 89 |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | (4) |  |  | 22 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 81 |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (9) |  |  | 2 |  |  | (7) |  |  | 11 |  |  | 29 |  |  | (14) |  |  | 12 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 47 |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1) |  |  | 4 |  |  | 10 |  |  | (34) |  |  | (21) |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 32 |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1) |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 35 |  |  | 35 |
Total net development for the accident years presented above |  | 57 |  |  | 148 |  |  | 65 |  |  |
Total net development for accident years prior to 2015 |  | 10 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 10 |  |  |
Total unallocated claim adjustment expense development |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Total |  | $ | 67 |  |  | $ | 149 |  |  | $ | 75 |  |  |
(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.
Workers' Compensation | Commercial |
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items] |
Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses | Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 | Calendar Year |  | As of December 31, 2024
(In millions, except reported claims data) | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017(1) |  | 2018(1) |  | 2019(1) |  | 2020(1) |  | 2021(1) |  | 2022(1) |  | 2023(1) |  | 2024 |  | IBNR |  | Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2015 | $ | 422 |  |  | $ | 431 |  |  | $ | 406 |  |  | $ | 408 |  |  | $ | 394 |  |  | $ | 382 |  |  | $ | 372 |  |  | $ | 353 |  |  | $ | 334 |  |  | $ | 324 |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  | 31,916 |
2016 |  |  | 426 |  |  | 405 |  |  | 396 |  |  | 382 |  |  | 366 |  |  | 355 |  |  | 331 |  |  | 308 |  |  | 293 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 32,000 |
2017 |  |  |  |  | 440 |  |  | 432 |  |  | 421 |  |  | 400 |  |  | 402 |  |  | 399 |  |  | 398 |  |  | 383 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 33,156 |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 450 |  |  | 440 |  |  | 428 |  |  | 415 |  |  | 415 |  |  | 404 |  |  | 399 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 34,914 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 452 |  |  | 449 |  |  | 437 |  |  | 436 |  |  | 419 |  |  | 416 |  |  | 67 |  |  | 34,377 |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 477 |  |  | 466 |  |  | 446 |  |  | 414 |  |  | 393 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 29,481 |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 468 |  |  | 454 |  |  | 432 |  |  | 421 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 30,126 |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 497 |  |  | 489 |  |  | 478 |  |  | 148 |  |  | 33,428 |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 555 |  |  | 551 |  |  | 233 |  |  | 36,822 |
2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 574 |  |  | 325 |  |  | 34,332 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | $ | 4,232 |  |  | $ | 1,216 |  |  |
Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense | Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 | Calendar Year
(In millions) | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017(1) |  | 2018(1) |  | 2019(1) |  | 2020(1) |  | 2021(1) |  | 2022(1) |  | 2023(1) |  | 2024
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2015 | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 131 |  |  | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | 212 |  |  | $ | 231 |  |  | $ | 243 |  |  | $ | 251 |  |  | $ | 256 |  |  | $ | 259 |  |  | $ | 261 |
2016 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 169 |  |  | 198 |  |  | 219 |  |  | 227 |  |  | 234 |  |  | 235 |  |  | 238 |
2017 |  |  |  |  | 63 |  |  | 151 |  |  | 207 |  |  | 243 |  |  | 265 |  |  | 279 |  |  | 287 |  |  | 293 |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 68 |  |  | 163 |  |  | 229 |  |  | 259 |  |  | 280 |  |  | 298 |  |  | 307 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 71 |  |  | 169 |  |  | 223 |  |  | 262 |  |  | 291 |  |  | 310 |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 65 |  |  | 147 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 228 |  |  | 246 |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 67 |  |  | 164 |  |  | 222 |  |  | 256 |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 79 |  |  | 192 |  |  | 258 |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 87 |  |  | 209 |
2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 111 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | $ | 2,489 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented |  | $ | 1,743 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2015 |  | 1,757 |
Other (2) |  | (22) |
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented |  | 65 |
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses |  | $ | 3,543 |
Short-duration contracts reserve development | Net strengthening (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.
For the years ended December 31 |  |  | Calendar Year |  |
(In millions) |  |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017(1) |  | 2018(1) |  | 2019(1) |  | 2020(1) |  | 2021(1) |  | 2022(1) |  | 2023(1) |  | 2024 |  | Total
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2015 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | (25) |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (14) |  |  | $ | (12) |  |  | $ | (10) |  |  | $ | (19) |  |  | $ | (19) |  |  | $ | (10) |  |  | $ | (98) |
2016 |  |  |  |  | (21) |  |  | (9) |  |  | (14) |  |  | (16) |  |  | (11) |  |  | (24) |  |  | (23) |  |  | (15) |  |  | (133) |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (8) |  |  | (11) |  |  | (21) |  |  | 2 |  |  | (3) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (15) |  |  | (57) |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (10) |  |  | (12) |  |  | (13) |  |  | — |  |  | (11) |  |  | (5) |  |  | (51) |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3) |  |  | (12) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (17) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (36) |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (11) |  |  | (20) |  |  | (32) |  |  | (21) |  |  | (84) |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (14) |  |  | (22) |  |  | (11) |  |  | (47) |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (8) |  |  | (11) |  |  | (19) |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (4) |  |  | (4) |
Total net development for the accident years presented above |  | (81) |  |  | (133) |  |  | (95) |  |  |
Adjustment for development on a discounted basis |  | (3) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (2) |  |  |
Total net development for accident years prior to 2015 |  | (78) |  |  | (74) |  |  | (105) |  |  |
Total unallocated claim adjustment expense development |  | 10 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  |
Total |  | $ | (152) |  |  | $ | (203) |  |  | $ | (202) |  |  |
(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited. (2) Other includes the effect of discounting lifetime claim reserves.
Excluding Hardy | International |
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items] |
Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses | Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 | Calendar Year |  | As of December 31, 2024
(In millions, except reported claims data) | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017(1) |  | 2018(1) |  | 2019(1) |  | 2020(1) |  | 2021(1) |  | 2022(1) |  | 2023(1) |  | 2024 |  | IBNR |  | Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2015 | $ | 275 |  |  | $ | 289 |  |  | $ | 288 |  |  | $ | 272 |  |  | $ | 267 |  |  | $ | 270 |  |  | $ | 272 |  |  | $ | 271 |  |  | $ | 267 |  |  | $ | 266 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | 22,957 |
2016 |  |  | 269 |  |  | 287 |  |  | 273 |  |  | 271 |  |  | 262 |  |  | 275 |  |  | 277 |  |  | 293 |  |  | 289 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 15,731 |
2017 |  |  |  |  | 285 |  |  | 346 |  |  | 367 |  |  | 360 |  |  | 356 |  |  | 344 |  |  | 377 |  |  | 385 |  |  | 44 |  |  | 16,571 |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 347 |  |  | 364 |  |  | 369 |  |  | 368 |  |  | 380 |  |  | 390 |  |  | 397 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 21,371 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 324 |  |  | 337 |  |  | 333 |  |  | 340 |  |  | 343 |  |  | 347 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 19,122 |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 360 |  |  | 352 |  |  | 343 |  |  | 328 |  |  | 328 |  |  | 81 |  |  | 15,920 |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 386 |  |  | 375 |  |  | 355 |  |  | 347 |  |  | 121 |  |  | 15,665 |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 406 |  |  | 416 |  |  | 409 |  |  | 178 |  |  | 13,324 |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 454 |  |  | 452 |  |  | 266 |  |  | 11,289 |
2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 481 |  |  | 351 |  |  | 8,017 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | $ | 3,701 |  |  | $ | 1,170 |  |  |
Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense | Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.
As of December 31 | Calendar Year
(In millions) | 2015(1) |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017(1) |  | 2018(1) |  | 2019(1) |  | 2020(1) |  | 2021(1) |  | 2022(1) |  | 2023(1) |  | 2024
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2015 | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 125 |  |  | $ | 154 |  |  | $ | 173 |  |  | $ | 195 |  |  | $ | 209 |  |  | $ | 219 |  |  | $ | 226 |  |  | $ | 234 |  |  | $ | 240 |
2016 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 124 |  |  | 149 |  |  | 171 |  |  | 182 |  |  | 203 |  |  | 214 |  |  | 224 |  |  | 238 |
2017 |  |  |  |  | 61 |  |  | 139 |  |  | 177 |  |  | 205 |  |  | 226 |  |  | 252 |  |  | 308 |  |  | 316 |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 83 |  |  | 156 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 228 |  |  | 252 |  |  | 292 |  |  | 324 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 69 |  |  | 155 |  |  | 190 |  |  | 213 |  |  | 235 |  |  | 246 |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 56 |  |  | 121 |  |  | 154 |  |  | 169 |  |  | 190 |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 53 |  |  | 118 |  |  | 146 |  |  | 165 |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 44 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 164 |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 43 |  |  | 119 |
2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 56 |
Total |  | $ | 2,058 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented |  | $ | 1,643 |
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2015 |  | 70 |
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented |  | 41 |
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses |  | $ | 1,754 |
Short-duration contracts reserve development | Net strengthening (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.
For the years ended December 31 |  | Calendar Year |  |
(In millions) |  |  | 2016(1) |  | 2017(1) |  | 2018(1) |  | 2019(1) |  | 2020(1) |  | 2021(1) |  | 2022(1) |  | 2023(1) |  | 2024 |  | Total (2)
Accident Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2015 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | (16) |  |  | $ | (5) |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | (4) |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | (9) |
2016 |  |  |  |  | 18 |  |  | (14) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (9) |  |  | 13 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 16 |  |  | (4) |  |  | 20 |
2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 61 |  |  | 21 |  |  | (7) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (12) |  |  | 33 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 100 |
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 17 |  |  | 5 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 12 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 50 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13 |  |  | (4) |  |  | 7 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 23 |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (8) |  |  | (9) |  |  | (15) |  |  | — |  |  | (32) |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (11) |  |  | (20) |  |  | (8) |  |  | (39) |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10 |  |  | (7) |  |  | 3 |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2) |  |  | (2) |
(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited. (2) The amounts included in the loss reserve development tables above are presented at the year-end 2024 foreign currency exchange rates for all periods presented to remove the effects of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations between calendar years. The amounts included within the table on page 105 presenting the detail of the development recorded within the International segment include the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

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