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Retirement benefit obligations - Movement in net defined benefit obligation (Details) - GBP (£)
£ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset)      
Beginning balance £ (8) £ (20)  
Changes in net defined benefit liability (asset)      
Current service costs (2) (1)  
Past service costs (1) 1  
Settlement gain 4 1  
Exchange difference (1) 1  
Total pension income/(expense)   2  
Contributions:      
Employers (1) 7  
Benefit payments 2 2  
Refund of surplus (22)    
Ending balance (27) (8) £ (20)
Retirement benefit obligation schemes (30) (27)  
Retirement benefit asset schemes 3 19  
Plan assets 38 1,305  
Estimate of contributions expected to be paid to defined benefit pension schemes next year 1    
UK RIPS      
Contributions:      
Remeasurement gain arising from changes in demographic assumptions 0 3 16
Remeasurement gain (loss) arising from changes in financial assumptions 82 75 (117)
Remeasurement (loss) gain arising from experience 7 (1) 25
Surplus recognised 0 18 18
Defined benefit obligation 0 1,248 1,369
Plan assets 0 1,266 1,388
Present value of obligation      
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset)      
Beginning balance (1,313) (1,481)  
Changes in net defined benefit liability (asset)      
Current service costs (2) (1)  
Past service costs (1) 1  
Settlement gain 4 22  
Transfer of RIPS annuity policies (buy-out) 1,159    
Administration expenses 4    
Interest on defined benefit obligation/asset (5) (21)  
Exchange difference (3) 2  
Total pension income/(expense) 1,156 3  
Remeasurements:      
Remeasurement gain/(loss) 81 79  
Contributions:      
Employers (1) (1)  
Benefit payments 12 87  
Ending balance (65) (1,313) (1,481)
Retirement benefit obligation schemes (49) (63)  
Retirement benefit asset schemes (16) (1,250)  
Present value of obligation | Unfunded obligations      
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset)      
Beginning balance (17) (18)  
Contributions:      
Ending balance (20) (17) (18)
Fair value of plan assets      
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset)      
Beginning balance 1,305 1,461  
Changes in net defined benefit liability (asset)      
Settlement gain   (21)  
Transfer of RIPS annuity policies (buy-out) (1,159)    
Administration expenses (4)    
Interest on defined benefit obligation/asset 5 21  
Exchange difference 2 (1)  
Total pension income/(expense) (1,156) (1)  
Remeasurements:      
Remeasurement gain/(loss) (79) (78)  
Contributions:      
Employers   8  
Benefit payments (10) (85)  
Refund of surplus (22)    
Ending balance 38 1,305 £ 1,461
Retirement benefit obligation schemes 19 36  
Retirement benefit asset schemes £ 19 £ 1,269