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Income tax expense - Effective tax rate (Details) - GBP (£)
£ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Effective tax rate      
Unadjusted income tax expense [1] £ 64 £ 62 £ 44
Tax adjustments on:      
Amortisation and impairment of intangible assets (excluding computer software) 24 18  
One-off and adjusting items - operating 20 1  
Net interest adjustments (3) (1)  
Adjusted income tax expense 105 80  
Adjusted profit before tax £ 532 £ 416 £ 355
Adjusted effective tax rate 19.70% 19.40%  
CER      
Effective tax rate      
Unadjusted income tax expense £ 63    
Tax adjustments on:      
Amortisation and impairment of intangible assets (excluding computer software) 22    
One-off and adjusting items - operating 19    
Net interest adjustments (3)    
Adjusted income tax expense 101    
Adjusted profit before tax £ 515    
Adjusted effective tax rate 19.70%    
[1] Taxation includes £58m (2021: £50m; 2020: £40m) in respect of overseas taxation.