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Retirement benefit obligations - Movement in net defined benefit obligation (Details) - GBP (£) £ in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) |  |  |
Beginning balance | £ (8) | £ (20) |
Changes in net defined benefit liability (asset) |  |  |
Current service costs | (2) | (1) |
Past service costs | (1) | 1 |
Settlement gain | 4 | 1 |
Exchange difference | (1) | 1 |
Total pension income/(expense) |  | 2 |
Contributions: |  |  |
Employers | (1) | 7 |
Benefit payments | 2 | 2 |
Refund of surplus | (22) |  |
Ending balance | (27) | (8) | £ (20)
Retirement benefit obligation schemes | (30) | (27) |
Retirement benefit asset schemes | 3 | 19 |
Plan assets | 38 | 1,305 |
Estimate of contributions expected to be paid to defined benefit pension schemes next year | 1 |  |
UK RIPS |  |  |
Contributions: |  |  |
Remeasurement gain arising from changes in demographic assumptions | 0 | 3 | 16
Remeasurement gain (loss) arising from changes in financial assumptions | 82 | 75 | (117)
Remeasurement (loss) gain arising from experience | 7 | (1) | 25
Surplus recognised | 0 | 18 | 18
Defined benefit obligation | 0 | 1,248 | 1,369
Plan assets | 0 | 1,266 | 1,388
Present value of obligation |  |  |
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) |  |  |
Beginning balance | (1,313) | (1,481) |
Changes in net defined benefit liability (asset) |  |  |
Current service costs | (2) | (1) |
Past service costs | (1) | 1 |
Settlement gain | 4 | 22 |
Transfer of RIPS annuity policies (buy-out) | 1,159 |  |
Administration expenses | 4 |  |
Interest on defined benefit obligation/asset | (5) | (21) |
Exchange difference | (3) | 2 |
Total pension income/(expense) | 1,156 | 3 |
Remeasurements: |  |  |
Remeasurement gain/(loss) | 81 | 79 |
Contributions: |  |  |
Employers | (1) | (1) |
Benefit payments | 12 | 87 |
Ending balance | (65) | (1,313) | (1,481)
Retirement benefit obligation schemes | (49) | (63) |
Retirement benefit asset schemes | (16) | (1,250) |
Present value of obligation | Unfunded obligations |  |  |
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) |  |  |
Beginning balance | (17) | (18) |
Contributions: |  |  |
Ending balance | (20) | (17) | (18)
Fair value of plan assets |  |  |
Disclosure of net defined benefit liability (asset) |  |  |
Beginning balance | 1,305 | 1,461 |
Changes in net defined benefit liability (asset) |  |  |
Settlement gain |  | (21) |
Transfer of RIPS annuity policies (buy-out) | (1,159) |  |
Administration expenses | (4) |  |
Interest on defined benefit obligation/asset | 5 | 21 |
Exchange difference | 2 | (1) |
Total pension income/(expense) | (1,156) | (1) |
Remeasurements: |  |  |
Remeasurement gain/(loss) | (79) | (78) |
Contributions: |  |  |
Employers |  | 8 |
Benefit payments | (10) | (85) |
Refund of surplus | (22) |  |
Ending balance | 38 | 1,305 | £ 1,461
Retirement benefit obligation schemes | 19 | 36 |
Retirement benefit asset schemes | £ 19 | £ 1,269 |

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- Definition The decrease (increase) in a net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from actuarial gains (losses) arising from changes in demographic assumptions that result in remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability (asset). Demographic assumptions deal with matters such as: (a) mortality; (b) rates of employee turnover, disability and early retirement; (c) the proportion of plan members with dependants who will be eligible for benefits; (d) the proportion of plan members who will select each form of payment option available under the plan terms; and (e) claim rates under medical plans. [Refer: Net defined benefit liability (asset)] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2023-01-01 -Paragraph 141 -Subparagraph c -Clause ii -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2023-en-r&anchor=para_141_c_ii&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2023-03-23 + Details
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- Definition The decrease (increase) in a net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from actuarial gains (losses) arising from changes in financial assumptions that result in remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability (asset). Financial assumptions deal with items such as: (a) the discount rate; (b) benefit levels, excluding any cost of the benefits to be met by employees, and future salary; (c) in the case of medical benefits, future medical costs, including claim handling costs (ie the costs that will be incurred in processing and resolving claims, including legal and adjuster's fees); and (d) taxes payable by the plan on contributions relating to service before the reporting date or on benefits resulting from that service. [Refer: Net defined benefit liability (asset)] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2023-01-01 -Paragraph 141 -Subparagraph c -Clause iii -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2023-en-r&anchor=para_141_c_iii&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2023-03-23 + Details
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- Definition The decrease (increase) in a net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from actuarial gains (losses) arising from experience adjustments that result in remeasurements of the net defined benefit liability (asset). Experience adjustments deal with the effects of differences between the previous actuarial assumptions and what has actually occurred. [Refer: Net defined benefit liability (asset)] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2023-01-01 -Paragraph 141 -Subparagraph c -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2023-en-r&anchor=para_141_c&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2023-03-23 + Details
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- Definition The decrease (increase) in net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from contributions to a defined benefit plan by the employer. [Refer: Net defined benefit liability (asset); Defined benefit plans [member]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2023-01-01 -Paragraph 141 -Subparagraph f -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2023-en-r&anchor=para_141_f&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2023-03-23 + Details
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- Definition The increase (decrease) in the net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from employee service in the current period. [Refer: Net defined benefit liability (asset)] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2023-01-01 -Paragraph 141 -Subparagraph a -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2023-en-r&anchor=para_141_a&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2023-03-23 + Details
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- Definition The present value, without deducting any plan assets, of expected future payments required to settle the obligation resulting from employee service in the current and prior periods. [Refer: Plan assets, at fair value] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2023-01-01 -Paragraph 57 -Subparagraph a -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2023-en-r&anchor=para_57_a&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2023-03-23 + Details
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- Definition The estimate of the expected contributions to be made to a defined benefit plan for the next annual reporting period. [Refer: Defined benefit plans [member]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2023-01-01 -Paragraph 147 -Subparagraph b -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2023-en-r&anchor=para_147_b&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2023-03-23 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2023-01-01 -Paragraph 148 -Subparagraph d -Clause iii -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2023-en-r&anchor=para_148_d_iii&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2023-03-23 + Details
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- Definition The decrease (increase) in a net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from the remeasurement of that net defined benefit liability (asset). [Refer: Net defined benefit liability (asset)] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2023-01-01 -Paragraph 141 -Subparagraph c -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2023-en-r&anchor=para_141_c&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2023-03-23 + Details
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- Definition The decrease (increase) in the net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from settlements. Settlements are transactions that eliminate all further legal or constructive obligations for part or all of the benefits provided under a defined benefit plan, other than a payment of benefits to, or on behalf of, employees that is set out in the terms of the plan and included in the actuarial assumptions. [Refer: Net defined benefit liability (asset); Defined benefit plans [member]; Actuarial assumptions [member]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2023-01-01 -Paragraph 141 -Subparagraph d -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2023-en-r&anchor=para_141_d&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2023-03-23 + Details
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- Definition The increase (decrease) in the net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from administration costs in the current period, that are not reflected in return on plan assets. [Refer: Administrative expenses; Net defined benefit liability (asset)] [Contrast: Administration costs not reflected in return on plan assets, defined benefit plans; Decrease (increase) in net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from return on plan assets excluding interest income or expense] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2023-01-01 -Paragraph 141 -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2023-en-r&anchor=para_141&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2023-03-23 + Details
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- Definition The increase (decrease) in the net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from expense (income) included in profit or loss. [Refer: Net defined benefit liability (asset); Profit (loss)] [Contrast: Post-employment benefit expense in profit or loss, defined benefit plans] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2023-01-01 -Paragraph 141 -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2023-en-r&anchor=para_141&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2023-03-23 + Details
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- Definition The increase (decrease) in the net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from changes in foreign exchange rates. [Refer: Net defined benefit liability (asset)] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2023-01-01 -Paragraph 141 -Subparagraph e -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2023-en-r&anchor=para_141_e&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2023-03-23 + Details
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- Definition The increase (decrease) in the net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from the passage of time. [Refer: Interest expense; Net defined benefit liability (asset)] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2023-01-01 -Paragraph 141 -Subparagraph b -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2023-en-r&anchor=para_141_b&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2023-03-23 + Details
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- Definition The amount of deficit or surplus in a defined benefit plan, adjusted for any effect of limiting a net defined benefit asset to the asset ceiling. [Refer: Defined benefit plans [member]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2023-01-01 -Paragraph 140 -Subparagraph a -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2023-en-r&anchor=para_140_a&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2023-03-23 + Details
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- Definition The increase (decrease) in the net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from past service cost. Past service cost is the change in the present value of the defined benefit obligation for employee service in prior periods, resulting from a plan amendment (the introduction or withdrawal of, or changes to, a defined benefit plan) or a curtailment (a significant reduction by the entity in the number of employees covered by a plan). [Refer: Net defined benefit liability (asset); Defined benefit plans [member]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2023-01-01 -Paragraph 141 -Subparagraph d -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2023-en-r&anchor=para_141_d&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2023-03-23 + Details
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- Definition The decrease (increase) in the net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from payments from the plan. [Refer: Net defined benefit liability (asset)] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2023-01-01 -Paragraph 141 -Subparagraph g -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2023-en-r&anchor=para_141_g&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2023-03-23 + Details
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- Definition The fair value of defined benefit plan assets. Plan assets comprise assets held by a long-term employee benefit fund and qualifying insurance policies. [Refer: At fair value [member]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2023-01-01 -Paragraph 57 -Subparagraph a -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2023-en-r&anchor=para_57_a&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2023-03-23 + Details
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- Definition The fair value of any plan assets, less the present value of the defined benefit obligation. [Refer: Plan assets [member]] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Name IAS -Number 19 -IssueDate 2023-01-01 -Paragraph 57 -Subparagraph a -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=19&code=ifrs-tx-2023-en-r&anchor=para_57_a&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2023-03-23 + Details
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- Definition The decrease (increase) in the net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from refund of surplus. + References No definition available. + Details
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- Definition The increase (decrease) in the net defined benefit liability (asset) resulting from transfer of annuity policies (buy-out). + References No definition available. + Details
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- Definition Retirement benefit asset schemes + References No definition available. + Details
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