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Income tax expense - Additional Information (Details) - GBP (£)
£ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Income taxes      
Effective tax rate 22.70% 21.60%  
Blended tax rate 25.10% 23.70%  
Net prior year tax credit £ 12 £ 9 £ 16
Credited to other comprehensive income £ 6 £ 11  
Most of jurisdictions in which group operates | Minimum      
Income taxes      
Effective tax rate 15.00%    
Limited number of jurisdictions in which group operates      
Income taxes      
Effective tax rate 15.00%