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Financial risk management
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure Of Financial Instruments [Abstract]  
Financial risk management

4.

Financial risk management

The Company is exposed to the following risks from the use of financial instruments:

 

-

Credit risk

 

-

Liquidity risk

 

-

Market risk

This note presents information about the Company’s exposure to each of the above risks, the objectives, policies and processes of measuring and risk management of the Company. In different sections of these consolidated financial statements, the Company has included additional in-depth disclosures.

As of December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, financial instruments held by the Company are comprised of the following:

 

 

 

December 31,

2019

 

 

December 31,

2020

 

 

December 31,

2021

 

Financial assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

Ps.

 

7,500,193

 

 

Ps.

 

14,444,549

 

 

Ps.

 

13,332,877

 

Trade accounts receivables

 

 

 

1,479,410

 

 

 

 

1,266,005

 

 

 

 

1,720,475

 

Derivative financial instruments

 

 

 

4,686

 

 

 

 

-

 

 

 

 

89,711

 

Financial liabilities at amortized cost

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Short and long-term debt securities

 

Ps.

 

12,000,000

 

 

Ps.

 

17,000,000

 

 

Ps.

 

22,500,000

 

Current and long-term bank loans

 

 

 

4,437,043

 

 

 

 

7,355,166

 

 

 

 

5,360,908

 

Accounts payable (1)

 

 

 

1,215,264

 

 

 

 

1,172,044

 

 

 

 

3,321,865

 

Financial liabilities at Fair Value

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivative financial instruments

 

 

 

265,979

 

 

 

 

750,704

 

 

 

 

71,387

 

Liabilities for assets in lease

 

 

 

37,192

 

 

 

 

26,193

 

 

 

 

58,966

 

(1)Include suppliers, other suppliers, AMP and other accounts payable

 

Financial risk management objectives The Board of Directors is responsible for developing and monitoring the Company’s risk management policies.

 

The Company’s risk management policies are established for identifying and analyzing potential risks, to set appropriate limits and controls, and for monitoring such risk on an ongoing basis. Policies and risk management systems are reviewed regularly to reflect changes in market conditions and the Company's activities. The Company, through its training and management standards and procedures, aims to develop an environment of disciplined and constructive control in which all employees understand their roles and obligations.

The Audit Committee of the Company supervises how management monitors compliance with policies and procedures of risk management, and reviews what is appropriate to the risk management framework in relation to the risks faced by the Company. The Audit Committee is supported in its oversight role by the Company's Internal Audit Function. Internal Audits perform routine and special reviews of controls and risk management procedures, and report their results directly to the Audit Committee.

Credit risk – Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the Company and arises primarily from trade accounts receivable and the Company’s investments, including investment funds and derivative financial instruments.

 

Accounts receivable and others – The Company's exposure to credit risk is influenced mainly by the individual characteristics of each customer. However, management also considers the demographic characteristics of its customers, including the default risk of the industry and country in which its customers operate, as these factors could also affect credit risk, particularly considering the recent economic downturn. The main source of income for the Company is the Passenger Charge Fees (TUA) and leasing revenues from commercial areas in its airports. The TUA is charged to each departing passenger (except diplomat, infant or transit passenger), and is collected by the airlines and subsequently refunded to the airports. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 the revenues for TUA represented 52.9%, 50.0% and 52.5% of the total revenues, respectively. The leasing revenues from commercial areas are collected from other clients, which are not airline customers. The 29.2%, 33.5% and 35.5% of the Company’s revenues in 2019, 2020 and 2021 are derived from the TUA collected by three major client airlines, which collect the TUA and remit it to the airports. However, geographically there is no credit risk concentration because airports are located in different cities in Mexico and Jamaica, and therefore if one airport has an operating problem the other airports would not be affected. The 27.4%, 27.9% and 26.1% of aeronautical and non-aeronautical revenues earned during the periods ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 were generated by the Guadalajara airport. In addition, 91.0%, 87.3% and 86.9% of aeronautical and non-aeronautical revenues earned during the periods ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively, were generated by seven of the Company's airports (Guadalajara, Tijuana, San José del Cabo, Puerto Vallarta, Montego Bay, Guanajuato and Hermosillo).            

The Company has a credit policy under which each new customer is analyzed individually for creditworthiness before offering the standard terms and conditions of payment and delivery of the services provided by the Company. The review of the Company includes external ratings, when they are available, and in some cases bank references. Every customer has established credit limits, which must be approved by the Company's management and are reviewed periodically.

The Company has entered into agreements with all its airline customers to collect the TUA in Mexico, by who receive the payment for the use of the airport services on behalf of the airports. According to these agreements, each customer airline could have a grace period of up to a maximum of 60 days to reimburse the airport for the TUA paid by passengers. If an airline customer needed a credit term of up to 60 days, it must provide a guarantee to the airport covering this period, bond, or cash equivalent of 30 days more than the estimated consumption for the credit period requested by that airline. In the event of insolvency of any airline or a notice by the authorities on suspension of operations, the Company may recover the pending amounts regarding TUA up to the value of the guarantee. In order to mitigate credit risk with its customers, mainly TUA, airlines have granted ​​cash guaranties, which are reported as deposits received, in the consolidated statements of financial position, in addition to the cash guaranties of other commercial customers. As of December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, the Company has customer deposits received in guarantee of Ps.1,143,485, Ps.696,059 and Ps.788,435, respectively. These deposits are considered long-term based on the duration of the contracts signed with these airlines and the expectation that they will maintain long-term operations at the Company’s airports.    

When reviewing credit risk, management groups the Company’s clients according to their credit characteristics that include whether the customer is an individual or a corporation, if they are airline customers, commercial customers, age and the existence of previous financial difficulties.  

The Company systematically and periodically reviews the aging and collection of trade accounts receivable and recognizes a change in credit loss according to the average loss rated (Note 6).

 

Credit risk:

The Company determines the expected credit losses in these items using a provision matrix, estimated based on the historical experience of credit losses based on the past due status of customers and adjusted as appropriate to reflect current conditions and estimates of future economic conditions. As a result, the credit risk profile of these assets is presented based on their matured status in terms of the provision matrix. Note 6 includes additional details on the provision for losses for these assets.

 

The following tables presents information on the exposure to credit risk and expected credit losses for accounts receivable from customers as of December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021.

 

Balance of the trade account receivables

as of December 31, 2019

 

Weighted

average

loss rate

 

 

Current

balance of the

Trade account

 

 

Amount of

credit loss

 

 

Credit

impairment

Current (not past due)

 

0%

 

 

Ps.

 

1,258,569

 

 

Ps.

 

-

 

 

No

1 to 30 days past due

 

5.97%

 

 

 

 

133,533

 

 

 

 

7,978

 

 

No

31 to 60 days past due

 

13.69%

 

 

 

 

91,640

 

 

 

 

12,546

 

 

No

61 to 90 days past due

 

47.48%

 

 

 

 

30,832

 

 

 

 

14,640

 

 

No

More than 90 days past due

 

100%

 

 

 

 

2,693

 

 

 

 

2,693

 

 

Yes

Legal

 

100%

 

 

 

 

13,165

 

 

 

 

13,165

 

 

Yes

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ps.

 

1,530,432

 

 

Ps.

 

51,022

 

 

 

 

Balance of the trade account receivables

as of December 31, 2020

 

Weighted

average

loss rate

 

 

Current

balance of the

Trade account

 

 

Amount of

credit loss

 

 

Credit

impairment

Current (not past due)

 

0%

 

 

Ps.

 

1,192,643

 

 

Ps.

 

-

 

 

No

1 to 30 days past due

 

8.31%

 

 

 

 

55,461

 

 

 

 

4,611

 

 

No

31 to 60 days past due

 

19.14%

 

 

 

 

25,223

 

 

 

 

4,827

 

 

No

61 to 90 days past due

 

86.54%

 

 

 

 

15,736

 

 

 

 

13,619

 

 

No

More than 90 days past due

 

100%

 

 

 

 

109,759

 

 

 

 

109,759

 

 

Yes

Legal

 

100%

 

 

 

 

14,136

 

 

 

 

14,136

 

 

Yes

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ps.

 

1,412,958

 

 

Ps.

 

146,952

 

 

 

 

Balance of the trade account receivables

as of December 31, 2021

 

Weighted

average

loss rate

 

 

Current

balance of the

Trade account

 

 

Amount of

credit loss

 

 

Credit

impairment

Current (not past due)

 

0%

 

 

Ps.

 

1,577,211

 

 

Ps.

-

 

 

No

1 to 30 days past due

 

9.69%

 

 

 

 

107,521

 

 

 

 

10,417

 

 

No

31 to 60 days past due

 

26.83%

 

 

 

 

27,605

 

 

 

 

7,407

 

 

No

61 to 90 days past due

 

49.38%

 

 

 

 

51,288

 

 

 

 

25,325

 

 

No

More than 90 days past due

 

100%

 

 

 

 

44,125

 

 

 

 

44,125

 

 

Yes

Legal

 

100%

 

 

 

 

69,128

 

 

 

 

69,128

 

 

Yes

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ps.

 

1,876,878

 

 

Ps.

 

156,403

 

 

 

 

Loss rates are based on actual credit loss experience over the past three years. These rates are multiplied by scaling factors to reflect differences between economic conditions during the period in which the historical data has been collected, the current conditions and the Company’s view of economic conditions over the expected life of the trade account receivables.

 

 

Financial instruments held for trading purposes – The Company limits its exposure to credit risk by investing in government-backed securities. Management constantly monitors credit ratings to anticipate any counterparty defaults.

 

Liquid funds and derivative financial instruments – The credit risk on liquid funds and derivative financial instruments is limited because the counterparties are banks with high credit ratings assigned by recognized rating agencies.

Liquidity risk The risk of liquidity means the possibility that the Company will have difficulty to fulfill its obligations related to its financial liabilities that will be paid in cash or another financial asset. The Company focuses its liquidity management to ensure, as much as possible, that it will have sufficient liquidity to comply with its obligations at their maturity date, both in normal and in extraordinary conditions, without incurring in unacceptable losses or risking the reputation of the Company.

The Company utilizes its budget, prepared at a cost center level, to allocate resources to render its services, which helps to monitor cash flow requirements and to optimize the performance of its investments. Generally, the Company ensures availability of sufficient cash flows to cover operating expenses for a period of 60 days, including payment of its financial debt, the aforementioned excludes the possible impact of extreme circumstances that are not reasonably predictable, such as natural disasters.  The Company has external financing as described in Note 16 for compliance with its obligations under the MDP, whereas for other obligations it uses cash flows from operating activities and resources received at the maturity of its financial investments. As of December 31, 2019 the Company has credit lines available to dispose for USD$7.0 million and as of December 31, 2020 and 2021 USD$7.0 million and USD$30.0 million, in both periods.

The following is a table with a summary of the Company’s contractual maturities for its financial liabilities, including the interest to be paid, as of December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021:

 

 

December 31, 2019

 

 

 

Weighted

average

of

effective

interest

rate

 

 

Less than

1 month

 

 

From 1 to 3

months

 

 

From

3 months to

1 year

 

 

From 1 year to

5 years

 

 

More than 5

years

 

 

Total

 

Long-term debt securities (fixed rate)

 

 

 

 

 

Ps.

 

 

 

Ps.

 

 

 

Ps.

 

 

 

Ps.

 

 

 

Ps.

 

1,500,000

 

 

Ps

 

1,500,000

 

Long-term debt securities (variable rate)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2,200,000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8,300,000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10,500,000

 

Fixed rate loans

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

215,718

 

 

 

 

215,718

 

Variable rate bank loans

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

124,379

 

 

 

 

4,096,946

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4,221,325

 

Fixed rate interest

 

 

7.92

%

 

 

 

2,551

 

 

 

 

7,425

 

 

 

 

129,976

 

 

 

 

538,534

 

 

 

 

305,422

 

 

 

 

983,908

 

Variable rate interest

 

 

6.55

%

 

 

 

77,908

 

 

 

 

190,603

 

 

 

 

526,134

 

 

 

 

1,278,134

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2,072,779

 

Trade accounts payable and other payables

 

N/A

 

 

 

 

190,230

 

 

 

 

670,124

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

860,354

 

AMP

 

N/A

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

355,361

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

355,361

 

Liabilities for assets in lease

 

N/A

 

 

 

 

1,060

 

 

 

 

2,226

 

 

 

 

9,291

 

 

 

 

24,615

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

37,192

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ps.

 

271,749

 

 

Ps.

 

3,070,378

 

 

Ps.

 

1,145,141

 

 

Ps.

 

14,238,229

 

 

Ps.

 

2,021,140

 

 

Ps.

 

20,746,637

 

 

 

 

December 31, 2020

 

 

 

Weighted

average

of

effective

interest

rate

 

 

Less than

1 month

 

 

From 1 to 3

months

 

 

From 3

months

to 1 year

 

 

From 1 year

to 5 years

 

 

More than

5 years

 

 

Total

 

Long-term debt securities (fixed rate)

 

 

 

 

 

Ps.

 

 

 

Ps.

 

 

 

Ps.

 

 

 

Ps.

 

1,500,000

 

 

Ps.

 

3,598,000

 

 

Ps

 

5,098,000

 

Long-term debt securities (variable rate)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,500,000

 

 

 

 

10,402,000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

11,902,000

 

Fixed rate loans

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,000,000

 

 

 

 

228,350

 

 

 

 

1,228,350

 

Variable rate bank loans

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4,969,791

 

 

 

 

1,157,025

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6,126,816

 

Fixed rate interest

 

 

7.92

%

 

 

 

2,700

 

 

 

 

7,770

 

 

 

 

131,334

 

 

 

 

503,128

 

 

 

 

223,856

 

 

 

 

868,788

 

Variable rate interest

 

 

6.55

%

 

 

 

64,453

 

 

 

 

180,141

 

 

 

 

773,412

 

 

 

 

2,224,948

 

 

 

 

444,197

 

 

 

 

3,687,151

 

Cash flow hedges

 

 

7.46

%

 

 

 

29,485

 

 

 

 

50,189

 

 

 

 

150,566

 

 

 

 

462,043

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

692,283

 

Trade accounts payable and other payables

 

N/A

 

 

 

 

247,757

 

 

 

 

767,284

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,015,041

 

AMP

 

N/A

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

157,003

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

157,003

 

'Liabilities for assets in lease

 

N/A

 

 

 

 

904

 

 

 

 

1,896

 

 

 

 

7,918

 

 

 

 

15,475

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

26,193

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ps.

 

345,299

 

 

Ps.

 

1,007,280

 

 

Ps.

 

7,690,024

 

 

Ps.

 

17,264,619

 

 

Ps.

 

4,494,403

 

 

Ps.

 

30,801,625

 

 

 

 

December 31, 2021

 

 

 

Weighted

average

of

effective

interest

rate

 

 

Less than 1

month

 

 

From 1 to 3

months

 

 

From 3

months

to 1 year

 

 

From 1 year

to 5 years

 

 

More than

5 years

 

 

Total

 

Long-term debt securities (fixed rate)

 

 

 

 

 

Ps.

 

 

 

Ps.

 

 

 

Ps.

 

 

 

Ps.

 

1,500,000

 

 

Ps.

 

6,598,000

 

 

Ps

 

8,098,000

 

Long-term debt securities (variable rate)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,500,000

 

 

 

 

2,300,000

 

 

 

 

10,602,000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

14,402,000

 

Fixed rate loans

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3,931,449

 

 

 

 

235,616

 

 

 

 

4,167,065

 

Variable rate bank loans

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

164,668

 

 

 

 

1,029,175

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,193,843

 

Fixed rate interest

 

 

7.79

%

 

 

 

9,481

 

 

 

 

78,411

 

 

 

 

664,137

 

 

 

 

2,634,561

 

 

 

 

715,416

 

 

 

 

4,102,006

 

Variable rate interest

 

 

5.42

%

 

 

 

69,817

 

 

 

 

218,273

 

 

 

 

513,579

 

 

 

 

1,287,587

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2,089,256

 

Cash flow hedges

 

 

7.46

%

 

 

 

9,839

 

 

 

 

39,357

 

 

 

 

72,018

 

 

 

 

107,977

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

229,191

 

Trade accounts payable and other payables

 

N/A

 

 

 

 

712,093

 

 

 

 

2,215,564

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2,927,657

 

AMP

 

N/A

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

394,208

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

394,208

 

'Liabilities for assets in lease

 

N/A

 

 

 

 

2,036

 

 

 

 

4,268

 

 

 

 

17,825

 

 

 

 

34,837

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

58,966

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ps.

 

803,266

 

 

Ps.

 

4,055,873

 

 

Ps.

 

4,126,435

 

 

Ps.

 

21,127,586

 

 

Ps.

 

7,549,032

 

 

Ps.

 

37,662,192

 

 

The interest payable from loans with variable interest rates was determined based on projected interest rates, plus the basis point adjustment corresponding to each bank loan.

The Company has bank loans, which include, among other obligations, restrictions that limit the destination of the resources, in addition to maintaining some financial ratios, as described in Note 16.

Market risk – Is the risk that changes in market prices, such as exchange rates, interest rates and prices of equity instruments that may affect the amount of the Company’s financial instruments. The Company’s market risk management objectives include controlling the risk exposures between acceptable parameters, while optimizing profits.

The Company in certain cases enters into derivatives instrument contracts to manage market risks. These transactions are in-line within the policies established by management. The Company also applies hedge accounting to minimize the volatility in profit or loss associated with certain financial instruments.

 

 

Foreign exchange risk – The Company is exposed to currency risk for its revenues and trade accounts receivable denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the Company. The foreign currencies in which transactions are primarily denominated is the U.S. dollar (USD) (Note 29).

In Mexico, the tariffs to be charged to international passengers and international flights are published in the Official Gazette of the Federation (Diario Oficial de la Federación) in USD, however, in accordance with Mexican law these tariffs are billed and collected in Mexican pesos. A significant depreciation of the peso during the last two months in each year could lead to an increase in aeronautical revenues that could lead to exceeding the maximum tariff per traffic unit allowed, which may be a breach of compliance with the Concession’s maximum rates of each airport. If a significant appreciation of the peso occurs, the Company may be required to provide discounts to avoid exceeding the maximum tariffs. On the other hand, a significant appreciation of the peso could lead to our rates substantially decreasing. The Company has no way to recover the lost revenue if it charges less than the maximum rate as a result of a significant appreciation of the peso.

In MBJ, the tariffs are billed and charged to domestic and international passengers in USD, which are assimilated into a fixed amount for 12 months (from April to March), and then updated for inflation in the United States. In January 2020, the new tariffs approved by the Jamaican Civil Aviation Authority (JCAA) in December 2019 came into effect, where the increase in the rate for international passengers was USD$19.34 to USD$24.74 per person and domestic passenger´s tariffs remained USD$5.52 per person. Therefore, the Company’s revenues would not be exposed to a possible devaluation or appreciation of the Jamaican dollar against the US dollar.

In PACKAL, the tariffs are billed and charged to domestic and international passengers in USD, which they are assimilated into a fixed amount for 12 months (from April to March), and then updated for inflation in the United States. In April 2020, the new tariffs approved by the Jamaican Civil Aviation Authority (JCAA) in December 2019 came into effect, where the increase in the rate for international passengers was USD$16.81 to USD$28.80 per person and increase in domestic passenger´s tariffs was USD$5.83 to USD$9.99 per person, therefore, the Company’s revenues would not be exposed to a possible devaluation or appreciation of the Jamaican dollar against the US dollar.

While the Company can ensure that it does not exceed the maximum rates in Mexico as mentioned above, the depreciation of the Mexican peso can have a positive effect on commercial revenues and aeronautical revenues, while that appreciation of the Mexican peso generally has a negative effect. The rates applied to international passengers, international flights and some of our commercial contracts are denominated in USD and are billed and collected in Mexican pesos translated at the average exchange rate of the previous month.  Therefore, the depreciation of the Mexican peso against the dollar results in the Company obtaining more Mexican pesos than before the depreciation, while the appreciation of the Mexican peso against the USD results in the Company obtaining less Mexican pesos. As the Mexican peso appreciates against the USD, the Company obtains fewer Mexican pesos which could result in a decrease in profit, especially if the appreciation continues or exceeds historical levels. In addition, although most of our operating costs are denominated in pesos, we cannot predict whether our cost of services will increase as a consequence of the depreciation of the peso, or as a result of other factors.

In MBJA and PACKAL, expenses are comprised 70% in USD, with the rest payable in Jamaican dollars. An appreciation of the Jamaican dollar would therefore increase expenses in USD terms.    

The following is a sensitivity analysis of the Company financial assets and liabilities denominated in USD, if the peso were to depreciate or appreciate by 10%, which is the amount management considers reasonably possible of occurring at year end:

 

 

 

USD amounts

on December

31, 2021

 

 

 

Peso amounts

at exchange

rate of

Ps. 20.5835 on

December

31, 2021

 

 

 

Peso amounts

if exchange

rate

depreciated

10%

 

 

 

Peso amounts

if exchange

rate

appreciated

10%

 

Thousands of U.S. dollars:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Financial assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

 

229,819

 

 

Ps.

 

4,730,488

 

 

Ps.

 

4,300,444

 

 

Ps.

 

5,203,537

 

Trade accounts receivable

 

 

19,686

 

 

 

 

405,199

 

 

 

 

368,363

 

 

 

 

445,719

 

 

 

 

249,505

 

 

 

 

5,135,687

 

 

 

 

4,668,807

 

 

 

 

5,649,256

 

Financial liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accounts payable

 

 

(43,124

)

 

 

 

(887,652

)

 

 

 

(806,957

)

 

 

 

(976,418

)

Bank loans

 

 

(260,447

)

 

 

 

(5,360,908

)

 

 

 

(4,873,553

)

 

 

 

(5,896,999

)

 

 

 

(303,571

)

 

Ps.

 

(6,248,560

)

 

Ps.

 

(5,680,510

)

 

Ps.

 

(6,873,417

)

Net liability position

 

 

(54,066

)

 

Ps.

 

(1,112,873

)

 

Ps.

 

(1,011,703

)

 

Ps.

 

(1,224,161

)

 

Interest rate risk – The Company is exposed to fluctuations in interest rates on financial instruments, such as investments, loans and debt issuances. The Company monitors its interest rate risk and when bank loans are entered into with variable interest rates, it determines whether it should enter into derivative financial instruments, in order to reduce its exposure to the risk of volatility in interest rates type CAP and SWAPS. The negotiation with derivative financial instruments is only entered into with institutions of high repute and credit rating. The Company does not enter into financial instruments for speculative purposes.

 

The Company is exposed to LIBOR reference interest rate, which is subject to the reference interest rate reform. As indicated in Note 16, the loans include debt contracted at a variable rate in US dollars. The Company is monitoring the market that is managing the transition to new benchmark interest rates, this includes announcements made by regulators of LIBOR on the transition.

 

As a result of this, the Company determined that LIBOR exposure will allow an easy transition to alternative reference rates launched in 2021, from the LIBOR rate to the reference rate that is defined, the Company´s derivative instruments only hedge the positions at a variable rate in pesos (Note 15).

 

Fluctuations in interest rates impact primarily loans, changing either their fair value (fixed rate debt) or their future cash flows (variable rate debt). Management does not have a formal policy to determining how much exposure the Company should have to fixed or variable rates. However, when getting new loans, management uses its judgment to decide if it believes that a fixed or variable rate would be more favorable during the term of the loan.

The following sensitivity analysis has been determined based on the exposure to interest rates for both derivatives and non-derivative financial instruments at the end of the reporting period.  For loans with variable interest rates, an analysis is prepared assuming the amount of outstanding liability at the end of the reporting period under review has been the current liability for the year. The sensitivity analysis used assumes an increase or decrease of 100 basis points, which is the change management considers reasonably possible of occurring at year end.

The Company has financial debt denominated in pesos and U.S. dollars, which accrues interest at a variable rate based on TIIE 28-days and LIBOR 28-days, respectively. If on the 2021 of year-end closing date the variable interest rates to which the Company is exposed had been 100 basis points (higher) or lower than the interest rate at year-end with the other variables remaining constant, the effect on net income and stockholders’ equity for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 would have been as follows:

 

 

 

2019

 

 

2020

 

 

2021

 

Effect in case of interest rate increase in 100 basis points

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Variable rate long term debt

 

Ps.

 

(84,251

)

 

Ps.

 

(111,492

)

 

Ps.

 

(150,135

)

Effect in case of interest rate decrease in 100 basis points

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Variable rate long term debt

 

Ps.

 

84,251

 

 

Ps.

 

111,492

 

 

Ps.

 

150,135

 

 

In 2016, the Company contracted hedges of derivative financial instrument interest rate caps (CAP), whereby it agreed to exchange the difference between the amounts of the variable interest rate calculated over the principal amounts of the hedged items associated with its variable rate debt instruments. These contracts allowed the Company to hedge the cash flow exposures on debt contracted at variable interest rates. The fair value at the end of the period of the interest rate CAP was determined at fair value.

 

On May 2, 2017, the Company contracted HSBC México, S.A. (HSBC) for a derivative financial transaction by exchange of interest rates (SWAPS) in order to hedge the risk of increasing the TIIE rate, the tranche of the “GAP 17” debt securities for a value of Ps.1,500,000 that accrues an interest rate TIIE and is swapped for 7.21%, until the end of the debt securities, the derivative is only for TIIE rate.

 

On February 26, 2019, the Company contracted Scotiabank for a derivative financial transaction by exchange of interest rates (SWAPS) in order to hedge the risk of increasing the TIIE rate the tranche of the “GAP 17-2” debt securities for a value of Ps.2,300,000 that accrues an interest rate TIIE and is swapped for 8.0315%, until the expiration of the debt securities. Changes in fair value are recognized temporarily through other comprehensive income within equity and profit and loss as hedging reserve and are recycled to financial expenses as the interest of the debt securities are recognized, the derivative is only for TIIE rate.

 

On February 27, 2019, the Company contracted Scotiabank for a derivative financial transaction by exchange of interest rates (SWAPS) in order to hedge the risk of increasing the TIIE rate the tranche of the “GAP 19” debt securities for a value of Ps.3,000,000 that accrues an interest rate TIIE and is swapped for 8.03%, until the expiration of the debt securities. Changes in fair value are recognized temporarily through other comprehensive income within equity and profit and loss as hedging reserve and are recycled to financial expenses as the interest of the debt securities are recognized , the derivative is only for TIIE rate.

 

On March 2, 2020, the Company contracted Scotiabank for a derivative financial transaction by exchange of interest rates (SWAPS) in order to hedge the risk of increasing the TIIE rate the tranche of the “GAP 20” debt securities for a value of Ps.3,000,000 that accrues an interest rate TIIE and is swapped for 6.33%, until the expiration of the debt securities. Changes in fair value are recognized temporarily through other comprehensive income within equity and profit and loss as hedging reserve and are recycled to financial expenses as the interest of the debt securities are recognized, the derivative is only for TIIE rate.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The interest rate profile of the Company interest-bearing financial instruments as of December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 is as follows:

 

 

 

2019

 

 

2020

 

 

2021

 

Fixed-rate instruments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Financial liabilities

 

Ps.

 

(1,500,000

)

 

Ps.

 

(6,326,350

)

 

Ps.

 

(12,265,065

)

Effect of interest rate swaps

 

 

 

(6,800,000

)

 

 

 

(9,800,000

)

 

 

 

(9,800,000

)

 

 

Ps.

 

(8,300,000

)

 

Ps.

 

(16,126,350

)

 

Ps.

 

(22,065,065

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Variable-rate instruments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Financial liabilities

 

 

 

(14,937,043

)

 

 

 

(18,028,816

)

 

 

 

(15,595,843

)

Effect of interest rate swaps

 

 

 

6,800,000

 

 

 

 

9,800,000

 

 

 

 

9,800,000

 

 

 

Ps.

 

(8,137,043

)

 

Ps.

 

(8,228,816

)

 

Ps.

 

(5,795,843

)

 

As of December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, the amounts at the reporting date relating to items designated as hedged items were as follows:

 

 

 

2019

 

 

2020

 

 

2021

 

Interest rate risk

Variable-rate instruments

 

Change in value used for

calculating hedge ineffectiveness

 

Ps.

 

(247,981

)

 

Ps.

 

(661,653

)

 

Ps.

 

(51,285

)

Cash Flow hedge reserve

 

 

 

(247,981

)

 

 

 

(471,107

)

 

 

 

29,658

 

 

 

The amounts relating to items designated as hedging instruments and hedge ineffectiveness as of December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, were as follows:

 

 

 

2019

 

 

2020

 

 

2021

 

Interest rate risk

Interest rate swaps

 

Nominal amount

 

Ps.

 

5,300,000

 

 

Ps.

 

8,300,000

 

 

Ps.

 

8,300,000

 

Carrying amount

 

 

 

(247,981

)

 

 

 

(676,188

)

 

 

 

29,658

 

Line item in the statement of financial position where the hedging instrument is included

Derivative financial instruments (liabilities)

 

Changes in the value of the hedging instrument recognized in OCI

 

Ps.

 

(247,981

)

 

Ps.

 

(413,672

)

 

Ps.

 

(727,474

)

'Line item in profit or loss affected by the reclassification

Finance costs

 

Amount reclassified from costs of hedging reserve to profit or loss

 

Ps.

 

(1,045

)

 

Ps.

 

(13,490

)

 

Ps.

 

(12,095

)

 

The following tables provides a reconciliation by risk category of components of equity and analysis of OCI items and net of tax, resulting from cash flow hedge accounting as of December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021:

 

 

 

2019

 

 

2020

 

 

2021

 

Cash flow hedges

 

 

Hedge Reserve

 

 

 

Hedge Reserve

 

 

 

Hedge Reserve

 

Balance on January 1

 

Ps.

 

 

 

Ps.

 

(172,094

)

 

Ps.

 

(471,107

)

Changes in fair value

 

 

 

(247,981

)

 

 

 

(413,672

)

 

 

 

727,474

 

Amount reclassified to profit or loss

 

 

 

(1,045

)

 

 

 

(13,490

)

 

 

 

(12,095

)

Changes in deferred tax asset

 

 

 

76,931

 

 

 

 

128,149

 

 

 

 

(214,614

)

Balance at December 31

 

Ps.

 

(172,094

)

 

Ps.

 

(471,107

)

 

Ps.

 

29,658

 

 

 

 

Sensitivity analysis for hedge accounting - The methodology used was a sensitivity analysis calculating the estimated fair value based on variations in each of the reference variables individually (keeping the other variables fixed). We emphasize that the sensitivities in the market value consider the change to international standards (IFRS), therefore, it is included in the counterparty risk in the valuation process and in the respective measurement of sensitivities in the fair market value. In the case of sensitivity to reference interbank interest rates, the three scenarios analyzed are:

 

 

-

Likely: decrease over the entire curve of 25 basis points (0.25%)

 

-

Possible: decrease over the entire 50 basis point curve (0.50%)

 

-

Stress: decrease over the entire curve of 100 basis points (1.00%)

 

During 2019, GAP entered into SWAPS interest rate contracts to cover the interest payments of the GAP 17-2 and GAP 19 debt securities and “GAP 20” during 2020, referenced to floating interbank interest rates. With these instruments, GAP will pay amounts based on a fixed rate and will receive amounts based on the TIIE reference rate at the valuation date. For accounting purposes under IFRS, the Company has documented these contracts as cash flow hedges, so changes in fair value will be recognized through other comprehensive income. The fair value of these instruments is exposed to decreases in interbank interest rates, such exposure is included in the sensitivity table of derivative financial instruments. The Company estimates that an increase in the reference rates would have similar exposures but opposite.  

 

Decrease in interbank interest rates (basis points)

 

 

 

 

 

Likely

 

 

Possible

 

 

Stress

 

Type of derivative, value or contract

 

Hedge type

 

(25 bps)

 

 

(50 bps)

 

 

(100 bps)

 

Hedge accounting derivatives

 

Cash flow

 

Ps.

 

(17,547

)

 

Ps.

 

(63,300

)

 

Ps.

 

(154,806

)

Total effect on fair value

 

 

 

Ps.

 

(17,547

)

 

Ps.

 

(63,300

)

 

Ps.

 

(154,806

)

 

Capital Management – The policy of the Board of Directors of the Company is to maintain a strong capital position to provide confidence to its investors, creditors, and the market and to sustain future development of the business. The Board of Directors monitors the return on equity, which the Company defines as the net profit divided by the total Shareholders' equity.

The Board of Directors seeks to maintain the optimal balance for the ratio between total liabilities and the Shareholders' equity, which may result from increased levels of bank loans up to the financial structure that it deems optimal, therefore, management seeks authorization from the Board of Directors for any additional debt issuances or for the prepayment of debt. While total liabilities grow in relation to equity and net profit continues to increase, the Company will generate higher returns on capital. The Company has no obligation to maintain a ratio of equity to total liabilities in particular.

The following is the ratio of stockholders’ equity to total liabilities of the Company at the end of the reporting period: 

 

 

 

2019

 

 

2020

 

 

2021

 

Shareholders’ equity –controlling interest

 

Ps.

 

19,628,172

 

 

Ps.

 

21,792,811

 

 

Ps.

 

19,288,380

 

Total liabilities

 

 

 

20,908,361

 

 

 

 

28,508,390

 

 

 

 

34,894,485

 

Ratio of total Shareholders’ equity – controlling interest

   to liabilities

 

 

 

0.9

 

 

 

 

0.8

 

 

 

 

0.6

 

 

The Company may elect to repurchase its own shares in the stock market, under the following terms and conditions:

 

The acquisition has to be previously approved at a Stockholders Meeting and be at market price (except in the case of public offerings or auctions authorized by the stock market).

 

If the acquisition is made against the Company´s stockholders equity and reflects the acquisition within the repurchased shares account. If the Company decides to cancel the shares it reduces common stock accordingly.

 

Announcing the amount of common stock issued and paid when determining the authorized stock for repurchase. The Ordinary Shareholders Meeting shall expressly agree, for each year, the maximum amount of funds that may be used for the repurchase of the Company’s shares, with the only limitation that the sum of the resources that can be used for this purpose, in no event shall exceed the total balance of retained earnings of the Company.

As long the shares belong to the Company, they are not subject to vote at the Company’s Shareholders Meeting, nor do they provide rights or economic benefits and are also not considered when determining a quorum to vote.  

During the year, there was no change in the Company’s capital management policy.  The Company is not subject to external equity requirements, except for those corresponding to the minimum common stock required by Mexican Companies Law (Ley General de Sociedades Mercantiles).

Fair value of the financial instruments – Except for loans and debt securities, management believes the carrying amounts of financial assets and financial liabilities, recognized at amortized cost in the consolidated financial statements, approximate their fair value due to their short-term maturities.

As of December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, the fair value of financial liabilities recognized at amortized cost was Ps.16,648,280, Ps.24,280,945 and Ps.27,735,962, respectively, while their book value is Ps.16,535,925, Ps.24,445,925 and Ps.27,988,813, respectively.

The fair value of loans is determined in accordance with generally accepted pricing models based on discounted cash flow analysis determined in accordance with Level 2 of fair value.

The fair value of financial assets and liabilities is determined as follows:

 

Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1);

 

Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e., derived from prices) (Level 2); and

 

Inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs) (Level 3)

 

The fair value of the derivative financial instruments is determined based on the effect of the relevant economic variables in the future, according to the market valuation curves as of the reporting date and is analyzed with the total exposure in which the Company assigns to variations in the interest rates.

Financial instruments recognized at fair value are categorized according to the fair value hierarchy into levels 1 to 3, and are based on the degree to which their fair value is objectively observable, are:

 

Financial instruments classified as fair value – Are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

 

Derivative financial instruments – Are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.