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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
2. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation Our consolidated financial statements include the financial results of Software and its wholly owned subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of management, the accompanying consolidated financial statements include all adjustments necessary for the fair presentation for the periods presented. Such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. Adoption of New Pronouncements In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2017-04, “Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (Topic 350)” to simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill. Under this new guidance, Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test is eliminated, including elimination of the requirement to perform Step 2 for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount that failed a qualitative assessment. This standard should be applied on a prospective basis with the nature of and reason for the change in accounting principle disclosed upon transition. The standard is effective in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. We adopted this guidance for the annual goodwill impairment test we performed as of June 30, 2017. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates include income taxes, loss contingencies, the useful life for long-lived and intangible assets, the life of our client relationships, the fair market value of our equity incentive awards and the fair value of our financial instruments. These estimates are based on historical experience where applicable and other assumptions that management believes are reasonable under circumstances. As such, actual results could materially differ from these estimates. Segment Information We operate in a single operating segment and a single reporting segment. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, who is also the chief executive officer in deciding how to allocate resources and assessing performance. Our chief executive officer allocates resources and assesses performance based upon financial information at the consolidated level. As we operate in one operating segment, all required financial segment information is presented in the consolidated financial statements. Cash Equivalents We consider all highly liquid instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less and money market funds to be cash equivalents. We maintain cash and cash equivalents in demand deposit accounts, money market funds, and certificates of deposit, which may not be federally insured. The fair value of our cash and cash equivalents approximates carrying value. We have not experienced any losses in such accounts and do not believe there is exposure to any significant credit risk on such accounts. Accounts Receivable We generally collect revenues from our clients through an automatic deduction from the clients’ bank accounts at the time payroll processing occurs. Accounts receivable on our consolidated balance sheets consists primarily of revenue fees related to the last business day of the year, which are collected on the following business day. As accounts receivable are collected via automatic deduction on the following business day, the Company has not recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts. Inventory Our inventory consists of two types of time clocks, and related clock attachments, sold to clients as part of our time and attendance services and are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the first-in first-out (FIFO) cost method. Time clocks are purchased as finished goods from a third party and as such we do not have any inventory classified as raw materials or work in process inventory. Rental clocks are issued to clients under month-to-month operating leases and are classified as property and equipment. We retain inventory in certain lines primarily as replacements for those clients who use the various clocks and have determined that no write-down for obsolete items was required based on inventory turnover and our historical experience during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015. Property and Equipment Property and equipment is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:
Furniture, fixtures and equipment |  | 5 years
Computer equipment |  | 3 years
Software and capitalized software |  | 3 years
Buildings |  | 30 years
Leasehold improvements |  | 3 - 5 years
Rental clocks |  | 5 years
Vehicles |  | 3 years
Our leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the related lease terms. Costs incurred during construction of long-lived assets are recorded as construction in progress and are not depreciated until the asset is placed in service. We capitalize interest costs incurred related to construction in progress. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, we incurred interest costs of $1.7 million, $1.3 million and $1.3 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, interest expense of $0.8 million, $0.4 million and less than $0.1 million, respectively, was capitalized. Internal Use Software Expenditures for software purchases and software developed or obtained for internal use are capitalized and amortized over a three-year period on a straight-line basis. Capitalized costs include external direct costs of materials and services associated with developing or obtaining internal use computer software and certain payroll and payroll-related costs for employees who are directly associated with internal use computer software projects. The amount of payroll costs that are capitalized with respect to these employees is limited to the time directly spent on such projects. Costs associated with preliminary project stage activities, training, maintenance and all other post-implementation stage activities are expensed as incurred. We also expense internal costs related to minor upgrades and enhancements, as it is impractical to separate these costs from normal maintenance activities. The total capitalized payroll costs related to internal use computer software projects was $15.8 million and $8.8 million during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, which have been included in property and equipment. Amortization expense related to capitalized software costs of $7.0 million, $3.6 million and $1.8 million was charged to expense for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Derivatives We do not hold derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. Our interest rate swap effectively converts a portion of the variable interest rate payments to fixed interest rate payments. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill is not amortized, but is instead tested for impairment annually, or earlier if, at the reporting unit level, an indicator of impairment arises. The estimates and assumptions about future results of operations and cash flows made in connection with the impairment testing could differ from future actual results of operations and cash flows. If impairment exists, a write-down to fair value is recorded. Our business is largely homogeneous and, as a result, goodwill is associated with one reporting unit. We have selected June 30 as our annual goodwill impairment testing date and determined there was no impairment as of June 30, 2017. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, there were no indicators of impairment. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets, including intangible assets with finite lives, are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the estimated fair value of the asset. We have determined that there was no impairment of long-lived assets including intangible assets with finite lives, for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015. Funds Held for Clients and Client Funds Obligation As part of our payroll and tax filing application, we (i) collect client funds to satisfy their respective federal, state and local employment tax obligations, (ii) remit such funds to the appropriate taxing authorities and accounts designated by our clients, and (iii) manage client tax filings and any related correspondence with taxing authorities. Amounts collected by us from clients for their federal, state and local employment taxes are invested and earn interest during the interval between receipt and disbursement. These investments are shown in the consolidated balance sheets as funds held for clients, and the offsetting liability for the tax filings is shown as client funds obligation. The liability is recorded in the accompanying balance sheets at the time we obtain the funds from clients. The client funds obligation represents liabilities that will be repaid within one year of the balance sheet date. Beginning April 1, 2016, the interest income earned on funds held for clients is recorded in recurring revenues. Prior to April 1, 2016, the interest income earned on these funds was recorded in other income, net in the consolidated statements of income. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the funds held for clients were invested in money market funds, demand deposit accounts, commercial paper and certificates of deposit and classified as a current asset in the accompanying balance sheets, as these funds are held solely to satisfy the client funds obligation. Stock Repurchase Plan On February 8, 2017, we announced that our Board of Directors amended and extended our stock repurchase plan originally announced on May 26, 2016, such that we were authorized to purchase (in the aggregate) up to an additional $50.0 million of common stock through January 2019. On October 30, 2017, our Board of Directors again amended and extended the stock repurchase plan, such that we are authorized to purchase (in the aggregate) up to an additional $75 million of common stock over a 24-month period. The stock repurchase plan will expire on October 30, 2019. Shares may be repurchased from time-to-time in open market transactions at prevailing market prices, in privately negotiated transactions or by other means in accordance with federal securities laws, including Rule 10b5-1 programs, and the repurchase plan may be suspended or discontinued at any time. The actual timing, number and value of shares repurchased depends on a number of factors, including the market price of our common stock, general market and economic conditions, the net-downs associated with the vesting of restricted stock and other corporate considerations. During the year ended December 31, 2017, we repurchased an aggregate of 1,238,577 shares of our common stock at an average cost of $72.45 per share, including 464,302 shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding obligations for certain employees upon the vesting of restricted common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2016, we repurchased an aggregate of 1,112,261 shares of our common stock at an average cost of $44.52, including 302,424 shares withheld to satisfy withholding obligations for certain employees upon the vesting of restricted common stock. Revenue Recognition Our total revenue is comprised of recurring revenues and implementation and other revenues. We recognize revenues in accordance with accounting standards for software and service companies when all of the following criteria have been met:
| • | There is persuasive evidence of an arrangement;
| • | The service has been or is being provided to the client;
| • | Collection of the fees is reasonably assured; and
| • | The amount of fees to be paid by the client is fixed or determinable.
Recurring Recurring revenues are derived primarily from our talent acquisition, time and labor management, payroll, talent management and HR management applications as well as fees charged for form filings and delivery of client payroll checks and reports. Talent acquisition includes applicant tracking, candidate tracker, background checks, on-boarding, e-verify and tax credit services. Time and labor management includes time and attendance, scheduling/schedule exchange, time-off requests, labor allocation, labor management reports/push reporting and geofencing/geotracking. Payroll includes payroll and tax management, Paycom pay, expense management, garnishment management and GL Concierge. Talent management includes employee self-service, compensation budgeting, performance management, executive dashboard and Paycom learning and course content. HR management includes document and task management, government and compliance, benefits administration, COBRA administration, personnel action forms, surveys and enhanced ACA. The services related to recurring revenues are rendered during each client’s payroll period, with the agreed-upon fee being charged and collected as part of our processing of the client’s payroll. Recurring revenues are recognized at the conclusion of processing of each client’s payroll-period, when each respective payroll client is billed. Collectability is reasonably assured as the fees are collected through an Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) as part of the client’s payroll cycle or through direct wire transfer, which minimizes the default risk. Implementation and other Implementation and other revenues represent non-refundable conversion fees which are charged to new clients to offset the expense of new client set-up and revenues from the sale of time clocks as part of our employee time and attendance services. Because these conversion fees and sale of time clocks relate to our recurring revenues, we have evaluated such arrangements under the accounting guidance that governs multiple element arrangements. For arrangements with multiple elements, we evaluate whether each element represents a separate unit of accounting. In order to treat deliverables in a multiple element arrangement as separate units of accounting, the deliverables must have standalone value upon delivery. If the deliverables have stand-alone value upon delivery, we account for each deliverable separately and revenue is recognized for the respective deliverables as they are delivered. If one or more of the deliverables does not have stand-alone value upon delivery, the deliverables that do not have stand-alone value are generally combined with the final deliverable within the arrangement and treated as a single unit of accounting. When multiple deliverables included in an arrangement are separable into different units of accounting, the arrangement consideration is allocated to the identified separate units of accounting based on their relative selling price. Multiple deliverable arrangements accounting guidance provides a hierarchy to use when determining the relative selling price for each unit of accounting. Vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of selling price, based on the price at which the item is regularly sold by the vendor on a stand-alone basis, should be used if it exists. If VSOE of selling price is not available, third-party evidence (“TPE”) of selling price is used to establish the selling price if it exists, and if not it would be based on our best estimate of selling price. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, we have determined that there is no stand-alone value associated with the upfront conversion fees as they do not have value to our clients on a stand-alone basis nor are they offered as an individual service; therefore, the conversion fees are deferred and recognized ratably over the estimated life of our clients, which we have estimated to be ten years. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, we have determined that the revenues from the employee time and attendance services, and the revenues from the sale of time clocks as part of our time and attendance services, have VSOE of selling price as they are sold on a stand-alone basis. Revenue is therefore recognized for the respective deliverables as they are delivered. Cost of Revenues Our costs and expenses applicable to total revenues represent operating expenses and systems support and technology costs, including labor and related expenses, bank fees, shipping fees and costs of paper stock, envelopes, etc. In addition, costs included to derive gross margins are comprised of support labor and related expenses, related hardware costs and applicable depreciation and amortization costs. Advertising Costs Advertising costs are expensed the first time that advertising takes place. Advertising costs for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 were $7.9 million, $4.9 million and $3.6 million, respectively. Sales Taxes We collect and remit sales tax on sales of time and attendance clocks and on payroll services in certain states. These taxes are shown on a net basis, and as such, excluded from revenues. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, sales taxes collected and remitted were $5.0 million, $4.3 million and $3.7 million, respectively. Employee Stock-Based Compensation Time-based stock compensation awards to employees are recognized pro rata over the applicable vesting period as compensation costs in the consolidated statements of income based on their fair values measured as of the date of grant. Market-based stock compensation awards to employees are recognized pro rata over the applicable estimated vesting period as compensation costs in the consolidated statements of income based on their fair value as of the date of the grant unless vesting occurs sooner at which time the remaining respective unrecognized compensation cost would be recognized. Employee Stock Purchase Plan An award issued under the Paycom Software, Inc., Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) is classified as a share-based liability and recorded at the fair value of the award. Expense is recognized, net of estimated forfeitures, on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Income Taxes Our consolidated financial statements include a provision for income taxes incurred for the anticipated tax consequences of the reported results of operations using the asset and liability method. Under this method, we recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities, as well as for operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates that are expected to apply to taxable income for the years in which those tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to the net amount that we believe is more likely than not to be realized. On December 22, 2017, the President of the United States signed into law the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). Further information on the tax impacts of the Tax Act is included in Note 13 below. We file income tax returns in the United States and various state jurisdictions. We evaluate tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing our tax returns and disallow the recognition of tax positions not deemed to meet a “more-likely-than-not” threshold of being sustained by the applicable tax authority. We do not believe there are any tax positions taken within the consolidated financial statements that would not meet this threshold. Our policy is to record interest and penalties, if any, related to uncertain tax positions as a component of general and administrative expenses. We are not aware of any open income tax examinations as of December 31, 2017. However, the tax years 2007 through 2017 remain open to examination for federal income tax purposes and by other major taxing jurisdictions. Seasonality Our revenues are seasonal in nature. Recurring revenues include revenues relating to the annual processing of payroll forms, such as Form W-2, Form 1099, and Form 1095 and revenues from processing unscheduled payroll runs (such as bonuses) for our clients. Because payroll forms are typically processed in the first quarter of the year, first quarter revenues and margins are generally higher than in subsequent quarters. These seasonal fluctuations in revenues can also have an impact on gross profits. Historical results impacted by these seasonal trends should not be considered a reliable indicator of our future results of operations. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” This authoritative guidance includes a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires revenue to be recognized in a manner to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 also includes ASC 340-40 which codifies the guidance on other assets and deferred costs relating to contracts with customers. ASC 340-40 specifies the accounting for costs an entity incurs to obtain and fulfill a contract to provide goods and services to customers. The FASB has since issued several additional amendments to ASU 2014-09. On July 9, 2015, the FASB approved a one-year deferral of the effective date of the new revenue recognition standard for public and non-public entities reporting under U.S. GAAP. The amended standard is effective for us beginning January 1, 2018. As of the date of this report, we have finalized our accounting assessment of the new standard, and we are nearly complete in determining the impacts of the disclosure requirements of the new standard. Additionally, we are in the process of updating our control framework for new internal controls, as well as changes to existing controls, as it relates to the new standard. We will be in a position to begin reporting under the new standard beginning with the first quarter of 2018. Furthermore, we determined to adopt the requirements of the new standard in the first quarter of 2018 utilizing the full retrospective method of transition. When compared to current U.S. GAAP, we have concluded that the provisions of the new standard do not materially impact the timing or amount of revenue recognized. As anticipated, the primary impact of adopting the new standard was on the manner in which we account for certain costs to obtain new contracts (i.e., selling and commission costs) and costs to fulfill contracts (i.e., costs related to implementation services performed), which we had previously expensed as incurred. Generally, as it relates to these types of costs, we determined that, in most cases, the capitalization criteria in ASC 340-40 is met. Accordingly, the new standard results in the deferral of these costs on the consolidated balance sheets and subsequently recognizing these costs ratably in the consolidated statements of income over the expected period of benefit to the customer which we have determined to be the average client relationship of ten years. Furthermore, we concluded that the nonrefundable upfront fee charged to our clients results in an implied performance obligation in the form of a material right to the customer related to the customer’s option to renew. Further, management determined that the standalone selling price of the customer’s option to renew equals the amount of the nonrefundable upfront fee. As a result, there is no impact to revenues upon adoption of the new standard, as the nonrefundable upfront fee will continue to be deferred and recognized ratably over the ten-year estimated customer life, consistent with our current accounting policy. The following table presents a recast of selected consolidated statement of operations line items, after giving effect to the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09 (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):
|  | Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales and marketing |  | $ | 110,846 |  |  | $ | 85,361 |
General and administrative |  | $ | 80,228 |  |  | $ | 59,174 |
Operating income |  | $ | 129,710 |  |  | $ | 101,740 |
Net income |  | $ | 123,486 |  |  | $ | 70,421 |
Earnings per share, basic |  | $ | 2.13 |  |  | $ | 1.21 |
Earnings per share, diluted |  | $ | 2.10 |  |  | $ | 1.19 |
The following table presents a recast of selected consolidated balance sheet line items, after giving effect to the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09 (dollars in thousands):
|  |  |  | December 31, 2017 |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred contract costs |  |  |  | $ | 26,403 |
Long-term deferred contract costs |  |  |  | $ | 171,865 |
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02 “Leases (Topic 842).” The purpose of the guidance is to increase the transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet as well as providing additional disclosure requirements related to leasing arrangements. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018, though early adoption is permitted. Full retrospective application is prohibited. We are in the preliminary stages of gathering data and assessing the impact of the new lease standard, however, we anticipate that the adoption of this accounting standard will materially affect our consolidated balance sheets and may require changes to the system and processes that we use to account for leases. We have not yet made any decision on the timing of adoption or method of adoption with respect to the optional practical expedients.

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