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Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Significant Accounting Policies | Significant Accounting Policies Business IDEX is an applied solutions provider specializing in the manufacturing of fluid and metering technologies, health and science technologies and fire, safety and other diversified products built to customers’ specifications. IDEX’s products are sold in niche markets across a wide range of industries throughout the world. The Company’s products and services include positive displacement pumps, valves, small volume provers, flow meters, injectors and other fluid-handling pump modules and systems, flow monitoring and other services, precision fluidics, powder and liquid processing technologies, drying systems, micro-precision components, pneumatic components and sealing solutions, high performance molded and extruded sealing components, custom mechanical and shaft seals, engineered hygienic mixers and valves, biocompatible medical devices and implantables, air compressors and blowers, optical components and coatings, laboratory and commercial equipment, precision photonic solutions, firefighting pumps, valves and controls, rescue tools, lifting bags and other components and systems for the fire and rescue industry, engineered stainless steel banding and clamping devices and precision equipment for dispensing, metering and mixing colorants and paints. These products and services are grouped into three reportable segments: Fluid & Metering Technologies (“FMT”), Health & Science Technologies (“HST”) and Fire & Safety/Diversified Products (“FSDP”). Principles of Consolidation The Consolidated Financial Statements include the Company and its subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The principal areas of estimation reflected in the financial statements are revenue recognition, sales returns and allowances, allowance for credit losses, inventory valuation, recoverability of long-lived assets, valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, income taxes, product warranties, contingencies and litigation, insurance-related items, defined benefit retirement plans and purchase accounting related to acquisitions. Revenue Recognition The Company accounts for a contract with a customer when it has approval from both parties, the rights and payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of the consideration is probable. The Company determines the appropriate revenue recognition by analyzing the terms and conditions of the contract. Revenue, or Net sales, is recognized when control of the products or services is transferred to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring the products or providing the services. Control is transferred to customers when performance obligations within a contract are satisfied. A performance obligation is a promise to transfer a distinct product or service to a customer. The majority of the Company's contracts have a single performance obligation which represents, in most cases, the product being sold to the customer. Some contracts include multiple performance obligations such as a product and related installation, extended warranty, software and/or maintenance services. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the total transaction price to each performance obligation in an amount based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices of the promised products or services underlying each performance obligation. The Company’s performance obligations are satisfied at either a point in time or over time as work progresses. For performance obligations satisfied at a point in time, revenue is recognized when control transfers to the customer, typically upon shipment. For performance obligations in which the Company transfers control of a product or service over time, revenue is recognized over time as work is performed. Typically, this results when the Company performs services over time or the Company creates a product with no alternative use and has an enforceable right to payment for its performance to date. For contracts that require complex design, manufacturing and installation activities, certain performance obligations may not be separately identifiable and, therefore, not distinct. As a result, the entire contract is accounted for as a single performance obligation. For contracts that include distinct products or services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer over time, they are recognized as a series of distinct products or services. For product sales, each product sold to a customer generally represents a distinct performance obligation. Certain contracts have multiple performance obligations for which the Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation using an estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct product or service and recognizes as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. In such cases, the observable standalone sales are used to determine the standalone selling price. In certain cases, the Company may be required to estimate the standalone selling price using the expected cost plus margin approach, under which it forecasts the expected costs of satisfying a performance obligation and then adds an appropriate margin for the distinct product or service. When accounting for over-time contracts, the Company uses an input measure to determine the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. The Company believes this measure of progress best depicts the transfer of control to the customer which occurs as the Company incurs costs on its contracts. Incurred cost represents work performed, which corresponds with the transfer of control to the customer. Contract costs include labor, material and overhead. Revenue is recognized based on the relationship between actual costs incurred to date for each contract and the total estimated costs for such contract at completion of the performance obligation. Contract estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events. These assumptions include labor productivity and availability; the complexity of the work to be performed; the cost and availability of materials; the performance of subcontractors; and the availability and timing of funding from the customer. Revenues, including estimated fees or profits, are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred. As a significant change in one or more of these estimates could affect the profitability of the Company’s contracts, the Company reviews and updates its estimates regularly. Due to uncertainties inherent in the estimation process, it is reasonably possible that completion costs, including those arising from contract penalty provisions and final contract settlements, will be revised. Such revisions to costs and income are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined as a cumulative catch-up adjustment. The impact of the adjustment on profit recorded to date on a contract is recognized in the period the adjustment is identified. Revenue and profit in future periods of contract performance are recognized using the adjusted estimate. If at any time the estimate of contract profitability indicates an anticipated loss on the contract, the Company recognizes provisions for estimated losses on incomplete contracts in the period in which such losses are determined. The Company records allowances for discounts and product returns at the time of sale as a reduction of revenue as such allowances can be reliably estimated based on historical experience and known trends. The Company also offers product warranties (primarily assurance-type) and accrues its estimated exposure for warranty claims at the time of sale based upon the length of the warranty period, warranty costs incurred and any other related information known to the Company. Contract Assets and Liabilities The timing of billings and cash collections can result in customer receivables, billings in excess of revenue recognized, advance payments or deposits. Customer receivables include both amounts billed and currently due from customers as well as unbilled amounts (contract assets) and are included in Receivables - net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amounts are billed in accordance with contractual terms or as work progresses. Unbilled amounts arise when the timing of billing differs from the timing of revenue recognized, such as when contract provisions require specific milestones to be met before a customer can be billed. Unbilled amounts primarily relate to performance obligations satisfied over time when the cost-to-cost method is utilized and the revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer as there is not yet a right to invoice in accordance with contractual terms. Unbilled amounts are recorded as a contract asset when the revenue associated with the contract is recognized prior to billing and derecognized when billed in accordance with the terms of the contract. Contract liabilities include advance payments, deposits and billings in excess of revenue recognized and are included in deferred revenue which is classified as current or noncurrent based on the timing of when the Company expects to recognize the revenue. The current portion is included in Accrued expenses and the noncurrent portion is included in Other noncurrent liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Advance payments and deposits represent contract liabilities and are recorded when customers remit contractual cash payments in advance of us satisfying performance obligations under contractual arrangements, including those with performance obligations satisfied over time. The Company generally receives advance payments from customers related to maintenance services which are recognized ratably over the service term. The Company also receives deposits from customers on certain orders which the Company recognizes as revenue at a point in time. Billings in excess of revenue recognized represent contract liabilities and primarily relate to performance obligations satisfied over time when the cost-to-cost method is utilized and revenue cannot yet be recognized as the Company has not completed the corresponding performance obligation. Contract liabilities are derecognized when revenue is recognized and the performance obligation is satisfied. Shipping and Handling Costs Shipping and handling costs are included in Cost of sales and are recognized as a period expense during the period in which they are incurred. Advertising Costs Advertising costs of $15.9 million, $14.9 million and $10.7 million for 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, are expensed as incurred within Selling, general and administrative expenses. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of 3 months or less to be cash and cash equivalents. Marketable Securities From time to time, the Company may hold investments in marketable securities, which are recorded in Other current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. These investments are recorded at fair value, with gains and losses, dividends and interest income included in Other expense (income) - net in the Consolidated Statements of Income. See Note 8 for further discussion on the marketable securities held by the Company. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses Accounts receivable are recorded at face amount less an allowance for credit losses. The allowance is an estimate based on historical collection experience, current and future economic and market conditions and a review of the current status of each customer's trade accounts receivable. Management evaluates the aging of the accounts receivable balances and the financial condition of its customers and all other forward-looking information that is reasonably available to estimate the amount of accounts receivable that may not be collected in the future and records the appropriate provision. Inventories The Company states inventories at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost, which includes material, labor and overhead, is determined on a first in, first out basis. The Company makes adjustments to reduce the cost of inventory to its net realizable value, if required, for estimated excess, obsolete, zero usage or impaired balances. Factors influencing these adjustments include changes in market demand, product life cycle and engineering changes. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets A long-lived asset is reviewed for impairment if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the asset below its carrying value, as measured by comparing its net book value to the projected undiscounted future cash flows generated by its use. The Company groups and evaluates these long-lived assets for impairment at the lowest level at which individual cash flows can be identified. A long-lived asset impairment exists when the carrying value of the asset group exceeds its fair value. The amount and timing of the impairment charge for an asset group requires the estimation of future cash flows, which are then discounted to determine the fair value of the asset group. An impaired asset group is recorded at its estimated fair value. Refer to Note 14 for further discussion on impairment of long-lived assets. Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (“ASC 350”), requires that the Company review the carrying value of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets annually, or if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. The Company evaluates the recoverability of these assets as of October 31 based on the estimated fair value of each reporting unit and the indefinite-lived intangible assets. See Note 6 for further discussion on goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets. Borrowing Expenses Expenses incurred in securing and issuing debt are capitalized and included as a reduction of Long-term borrowings - net. These amounts are amortized over the life of the related borrowing and the related amortization is included in Interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Earnings per Common Share Diluted earnings per common share (“EPS”) attributable to IDEX is computed by dividing Net income attributable to IDEX by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding (basic) plus common stock equivalents outstanding (diluted) during the year. Common stock equivalents consist of restricted stock, performance share units and stock options, which have been included in the calculation of weighted average common shares outstanding using the treasury stock method. ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, concludes that all outstanding unvested share-based payment awards that contain rights to non-forfeitable dividends participate in undistributed earnings with common shareholders. If awards are considered participating securities, the Company is required to apply the two-class method of computing basic and diluted earnings per share. The Company has determined that its outstanding shares of restricted stock are participating securities. Accordingly, Diluted EPS attributable to IDEX was computed using the two-class method prescribed by ASC 260. Basic weighted average common shares outstanding reconciles to diluted weighted average common shares outstanding as follows:
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In millions)
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding | 75.6 |  |  | 75.7 |  |  | 76.0 |
Dilutive effect of restricted stock, performance share units and stock options | 0.3 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 0.4 |
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding | 75.9 |  |  | 76.0 |  |  | 76.4 |
Options to purchase shares of common stock that were not included in the computation of Diluted EPS attributable to IDEX because the effect of their inclusion would have been antidilutive were as follows:
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Antidilutive shares not included in Diluted EPS attributable to IDEX | 0.2 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 0.3 |
Share-Based Compensation The Company accounts for share-based payments in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation. Accordingly, the Company expenses the fair value of the awards granted under its share-based compensation plans. That cost is recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements over the requisite service period of the grants. See Note 15 for further discussion on share-based compensation. Depreciation and Amortization Property and equipment are stated at cost, with depreciation provided using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:
Land improvements | 8 to 12 years
Buildings and improvements | 8 to 30 years
Machinery, equipment and other | 3 to 12 years
Office and transportation equipment | 2 to 10 years
Certain identifiable intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. The estimated useful lives used in the computation of amortization of identifiable intangible assets are as follows:
Patents | 5 to 20 years
Trade names | 15 to 20 years
Customer relationships | 5 to 20 years
Unpatented technology | 8 to 20 years
Software | 5 years
Research and Development Expenditures Costs associated with engineering activities, including research and development, are expensed in the period incurred and are included in Cost of sales. Total engineering expenses, which include research and development as well as application and support engineering, were $107.5 million, $95.4 million and $82.9 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Research and development expenses, which include costs associated with developing new products and major improvements to existing products, were $68.4 million, $61.4 million and $50.1 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Foreign Currency Translation and Transaction The functional currency of substantially all operations outside the United States is the respective local currency. Accordingly, those foreign currency balance sheet accounts have been translated using the exchange rates in effect as of the balance sheet date and the income statement amounts have been translated using the average monthly exchange rates for the year. Translation adjustments from year to year have been reported in Accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses from transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the subsidiary involved are reported within Other expense (income) - net in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Net transaction loss (gain) for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $7.3 million, $(0.8) million and $1.1 million, respectively. Income Taxes Income tax expense includes U.S., state, local and international income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of existing assets and liabilities and for loss carryforwards. The tax rate used to determine the deferred tax assets and liabilities is the enacted tax rate for the year and the manner in which the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that will more likely than not be realized. See Note 12 for further discussion on income taxes. Concentration of Credit Risk The Company is not dependent on a single customer as its largest customer accounted for less than 3% of net sales for all years presented. Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In October 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which adds contract assets and contract liabilities to the list of exceptions to the recognition and measurement principles that apply to business combinations and requires that an acquirer recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with revenue recognition guidance. The Company adopted this standard on a prospective basis for the annual period beginning January 1, 2023. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. Recently Issued Accounting Standards In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which improves the disclosures required for reportable segments in the Company’s annual and interim financial statements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. ASU 2023-07 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Adoption of this ASU should be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires public entities, on an annual basis, to provide disclosures of specific categories in the rate reconciliation, additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold and income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the basis of presentation and significant accounting policies concepts. Basis of presentation describes the underlying basis used to prepare the financial statements (for example, US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting, IFRS). Accounting policies describe all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 235 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//235/tableOfContent + Details
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