Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of future non-cancelable commitments

Future non-cancelable commitments related to these items at December 31, 2017 are summarized below (in millions):



	2018		2019		2020		2021		2022		Thereafter		Total
Leases, rights-of-way easements and other ⁽¹⁾	$	188	$	155	$	127	$	107	$	90	$	363	$	1,030
Other commitments ⁽²⁾	205		178		145		127		109		299		1,063
Total	$	393	$	333	$	272	$	234	$	199	$	662	$	2,093

⁽¹⁾

Includes operating and capital leases as defined by FASB guidance, as well as obligations for rights-of-way easements. Leases are primarily for (i) railcars, (ii) land and surface rentals, (iii) office buildings, (iv) pipeline assets and (v) vehicles and trailers. We recognize expense on a straight-line basis over the life of the agreement, as applicable. Lease expense for 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $207 million, $198 million and $164 million, respectively.

⁽²⁾

Primarily includes third-party storage and transportation agreements and pipeline throughput agreements, as well as approximately $760 million associated with an agreement to transport crude oil on a pipeline that is owned by an equity method investee, in which we own a 50% interest. Our commitment to transport is supported by crude oil buy/sell agreements with third parties (including Oxy) with commensurate quantities. Expense associated with these storage, transportation and throughput agreements was approximately $197 million, $157 million and $85 million for 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.