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Segment Information (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Schedule of Segment Financial Data
The following tables reflect certain financial data for each segment (in millions):

Crude OilNGLIntersegment Revenues
Elimination
Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Revenues (1):
Product sales$11,176 $458 $(88)$11,546 
Services406 49 (6)449 
Total revenues$11,582 $507 $(94)$11,995 
Equity earnings in unconsolidated entities$95 $— $95 
Segment Adjusted EBITDA$553 $159 $712 
Maintenance capital expenditures$46 $11 $57 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Revenues (1):
Product sales$11,409 $635 $(101)$11,943 
Services349 55 (6)398 
Total revenues$11,758 $690 $(107)$12,341 
Equity earnings in unconsolidated entities$89 $— $89 
Segment Adjusted EBITDA$517 $192 $709 
Maintenance capital expenditures$32 $16 $48 
(1)Segment revenues include intersegment amounts that are eliminated in Purchases and related costs. Intersegment activities are conducted at posted tariff rates where applicable, or otherwise at rates similar to those charged to third parties or rates that we believe approximate market at the time the agreement is executed or renegotiated.
Schedule of Reconciliation of Segment Adjusted EBITDA to Net Income Attributable to PAA
The following table reconciles Segment Adjusted EBITDA to Net income attributable to PAA (in millions):

Three Months Ended
March 31,
 20242023
Segment Adjusted EBITDA$712 $709 
Adjustments: (1)
Depreciation and amortization of unconsolidated entities (2)
(19)(22)
Derivative activities and inventory valuation adjustments (3)
(159)(92)
Long-term inventory costing adjustments (4)
33 (29)
Deficiencies under minimum volume commitments, net (5)
12 
Equity-indexed compensation expense (6)
(9)(10)
Foreign currency revaluation (7)
21 
Segment amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests (8)
128 98 
Depreciation and amortization(254)(256)
Gains/(losses) on asset sales, net
— 154 
Interest expense, net(95)(98)
Other income/(expense), net(5)64 
Income before tax365 528 
Income tax expense
(14)(53)
Net income351 475 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests(85)(53)
Net income attributable to PAA$266 $422 
(1)Represents adjustments utilized by our CODM in the evaluation of segment results.
(2)Includes our proportionate share of the depreciation and amortization expense (including write-downs related to cancelled projects and impairments) of unconsolidated entities.
(3)We use derivative instruments for risk management purposes and our related processes include specific identification of hedging instruments to an underlying hedged transaction. Although we identify an underlying transaction for each derivative instrument we enter into, there may not be an accounting hedge relationship between the instrument and the underlying transaction. In the course of evaluating our results, we identify differences in the timing of earnings from the derivative instruments and the underlying transactions and exclude the related gains and losses in determining Segment Adjusted EBITDA such that the earnings from the derivative instruments and the underlying transactions impact Segment Adjusted EBITDA in the same period. In addition, we exclude gains and losses on derivatives that are related to (i) investing activities, such as the purchase of linefill, and (ii) purchases of long-term inventory. We also exclude the impact of corresponding inventory valuation adjustments, as applicable.
(4)We carry crude oil and NGL inventory that is comprised of minimum working inventory requirements in third-party assets and other working inventory that is needed for our commercial operations. We consider this inventory necessary to conduct our operations and we intend to carry this inventory for the foreseeable future. Therefore, we classify this inventory as long-term on our balance sheet and do not hedge the inventory with derivative instruments (similar to linefill in our own assets). We exclude the impact of changes in the average cost of the long-term inventory (that result from fluctuations in market prices) and write-downs of such inventory that result from price declines from Segment Adjusted EBITDA.
(5)We, and certain of our equity method investees, have certain agreements that require counterparties to deliver, transport or throughput a minimum volume over an agreed upon period. Substantially all of such agreements were entered into with counterparties to economically support the return on capital expenditure necessary to construct the related asset. Some of these agreements include make-up rights if the minimum volume is not met. We record a receivable from the counterparty in the period that services are provided or when the transaction occurs, including amounts for deficiency obligations from counterparties associated with minimum volume commitments. If a counterparty has a make-up right associated with a deficiency, we defer the revenue attributable to the counterparty’s make-up right and subsequently recognize the revenue at the earlier of when the deficiency volume is delivered or shipped, when the make-up right expires or when it is determined that the counterparty’s ability to utilize the make-up right is remote. We include the impact of amounts billed to counterparties for their deficiency obligation, net of applicable amounts subsequently recognized into revenue or equity earnings, as a selected item impacting comparability. Our CODM views the inclusion of the contractually committed revenues associated with that period as meaningful to Segment Adjusted EBITDA as the related asset has been constructed, is standing ready to provide the committed service and the fixed operating costs are included in the current period results.
(6)Our total equity-indexed compensation expense includes expense associated with awards that will be settled in units and awards that will be settled in cash. The awards that will be settled in units are included in our diluted net income per unit calculation when the applicable performance criteria have been met. We exclude compensation expense associated with these awards in determining Segment Adjusted EBITDA as the dilutive impact of the outstanding awards is included in our diluted net income per unit calculation, as applicable. The portion of compensation expense associated with awards that will be settled in cash is not excluded in determining Segment Adjusted EBITDA. See Note 17 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part IV of our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion regarding our equity-indexed compensation plans.
(7)During the periods presented, there were fluctuations in the value of CAD to USD, resulting in the realization of foreign exchange gains and losses on the settlement of foreign currency transactions as well as the revaluation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency. These gains and losses are not integral to our core operating performance and were therefore excluded in determining Segment Adjusted EBITDA.
(8)Reflects amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests in the Permian JV, Cactus II and Red River.