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Employee benefits
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Disclosure of detailed information about provision for employee benefits [Abstract]  
Disclosure of employee benefits [text block]
Note 17
Employee benefits
 
17.1
Provisions for employee benefits
 
Classes of benefits and expenses by employee
 
12/31/2018
 
 
12/31/2017
 
 
 
ThUS$
 
 
ThUS$
 
Current
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profit sharing and bonuses
 
 
20,085
 
 
 
22,421
 
Total
 
 
20,085
 
 
 
22,421
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-current  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Profit sharing and bonuses
 
 
8,831
 
 
 
6,487
 
Severance indemnity payments
 
 
28,233
 
 
 
27,445
 
Total
 
 
37,064
 
 
 
33,932
 
 
17.2
Policies on defined benefit plan
 
This policy is applied to all benefits received for services provided by the Company's employees.
 
Short-term benefits for active employees are represented by salaries, social welfare benefits, paid time off, sickness and other types of leave, profit sharing and incentives and non-monetary benefits; e.g., healthcare service, housing, subsidized or free goods or services. These will be paid in a term which does not exceed twelve months.
 
The Company only provides compensation and benefits to active employees, with the exemption of SQM North America, which applies the definitions under 17.4 below.
 
SQM maintains incentive programs for its employees based on their personal performance, the Company’s performance and other short-term and long-term indicators.
 
For each incentive bonus delivered to the Company’s employees, there will be a disbursement in the first quarter of the following year and this will be calculated based on profit for the period at the end of each period applying a factor obtained subsequent to each employee’s appraisal process.
 
Employee benefits include retention bonuses for the Company’s executives, which are linked to the Company’s share price and are paid in cash. The short-term portion is presented as a provision for current employee benefits and the long-term portion as non-current.
 
Staff severance indemnities are agreed and payable based on the final salary, calculated in accordance with each year of service to the Company, with certain maximum limits in respect of either the number of years or in monetary terms, In general, this benefit is payable when the employee or worker ceases to provide his/her services to the Company and there are a number of different circumstances through which a person can be eligible for it, as indicated in the respective agreements; e.g., retirement, dismissal, voluntary retirement, incapacity or disability, death, etc.
 
Law No,
19,728
published on May 14, 2001 which became effective on October 1, 2002 required “Compulsory Unemployment Insurance” in favor of all dependent employees regulated by the Chilean Labor Code.  Article 5 of this law established that this insurance is paid through monthly contribution payments by both the employee and the employer.
 
17.3
Other long-term benefits
 
The other long-term benefits relate to staff severance indemnities and are recorded at their actuarial value, a
nd an executive compensation plan (see Note 18.6).
 
Staff severance indemnities at actuarial value
 
12/31/2018
 
 
12/31/2017
 
 
 
ThUS$
 
 
ThUS$
 
Staff severance indemnities, Chile
 
 
27,562
 
 
 
25,893
 
Executive severance plan
 
 
8,831
 
 
 
6,487
 
Severance for foreigners  
 
 
671
 
 
 
1,552
 
Total other non-current liabilities
 
 
37,064
 
 
 
33,932
 
 
The actuarial assessment method has been used to calculate the Company’s obligations with respect to staff severance indemnities, which relate to defined benefit plans consisting of days of remuneration per year served at the time of retirement under conditions agreed in the respective agreements established between the Company and its employees.
 
Under this benefit plan, the Company retains the obligation to pay staff severance indemnities related to retirement, without establishing a separate fund with specific assets, which is referred to as not funded. The discount interest rate of expected flows to be used was
4,89
%.
 
Benefit payment conditions
 
The staff severance indemnity benefit relates to remuneration days for years worked for the Company without a limit being imposed in regard of amount of salary or years of service. It applies when employees cease to work for the Company because they are made redundant or in the event of their death. This benefit is applicable up to a maximum age of
65
for men and
60
for women, which are the usual retirement ages according to the Chilean pensions system as established in Decree Law
3,500
of 1980.   
 
Methodology
 
The Company’s benefits obligation under IAS 19 Projected Benefit Obligation (PBO) is determined as follows:
 
To determine the Company's total liability, we used computer software to develop a mathematical simulation model using the data for each individual employee.
 
This model considered months as discrete time; i.e., the Company determined the age of each person and his/her salary on a monthly basis according to the growth rate. This information on each person was simulated from the beginning of his/her employment contract or when he/she started earning benefits up to the month in which he/she reaches normal retirement age, generating in each period the possible retirement according to the Company’s turnover rate and the mortality rate according to the age reached. When he/she reaches the retirement age, the employee finishes his/her service for the Company and receives a retirement indemnity.
 
The methodology followed to determine the accrual for all the employees covered by agreements took account of the turnover rates and the mortality rate RV-2009 established by the
CMF
to calculate pension-related life insurance reserves in Chile according to the Accumulated Benefit Valuation or Accrued Cost of Benefit Method. This methodology is established in IAS 19 on Retirement Benefit Costs.
 
17.4
Post-employment benefit obligations
 
Our subsidiary SQM North America, together with its employees established a pension plan until 2002 called the “SQM North America Retirement Income Plan”. This obligation is calculated measuring the expected future forecast staff severance indemnity obligation using a net salary gradual rate of restatements for inflation, mortality and turnover assumptions, discounting the resulting amounts at present value using the interest rate defined by the authorities.
 
Since 2003, SQM North America offers to its employees benefits related to pension plans based on the 401-K system, which do not generate obligations for the Company.
 
Reconciliation
 
12/31/2018
 
 
12/31/2017
 
 
12/31/2016
 
 
 
ThUS$
 
 
ThUS$
 
 
ThUS$
 
Changes in the benefit obligation
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at the beginning of the year
 
 
8,755
 
 
 
8,185
 
 
 
7,949
 
Service cost
 
 
-
 
 
 
2
 
 
 
2
 
Interest cost
 
 
319
 
 
 
359
 
 
 
387
 
Actuarial loss
 
 
63
 
 
 
556
 
 
 
200
 
Benefits paid
 
 
(480
)
 
 
(347
)
 
 
(353
)
Benefit obligation at the end of the year
 
 
8,657
 
 
 
8,755
 
 
 
8,185
 
 
 
 
12/31/2018
 
 
12/31/2017
 
 
12/31/2016
 
 
 
ThUS$
 
 
ThUS$
 
 
ThUS$
 
Changes in the plan assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at the beginning of the year
 
 
8,751
 
 
 
7,404
 
 
 
7,464
 
Actual return (loss) in plan assets
 
 
133
 
 
 
1,694
 
 
 
293
 
Benefits paid
 
 
(480
)
 
 
(347
)
 
 
(353
)
Fair value of plan assets at the end of the year
 
 
8,404
 
 
 
8,751
 
 
 
7,404
 
Financing status
 
 
(253
)
 
 
(4
)
 
 
(781
)
Items not yet recognized as net periodic pension cost components:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net actuarial loss at the beginning of the year
 
 
(2,614
)
 
 
(3,432
)
 
 
(3,165
)
Amortization during the year
 
 
160
 
 
 
219
 
 
 
184
 
Net estimated gain or loss occurred during the year
 
 
(568
)
 
 
599
 
 
 
(451
)
Adjustment to recognize the minimum pension obligation
 
 
(3,022
)
 
 
(2,614
)
 
 
(3,432
)
 
The net periodic pension expense was composed of the following components for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016:
 
Reconciliation
 
12/31/2018
 
 
12/31/2017
 
 
12/31/2016
 
 
 
ThUS$
 
 
ThUS$
 
 
ThUS$
 
Service cost or benefits received during the year
 
 
-
 
 
 
2
 
 
 
2
 
Interest cost in benefit obligation
 
 
319
 
 
 
359
 
 
 
387
 
Actual return in plan assets
 
 
133
 
 
 
1,694
 
 
 
293
 
Amortization of prior year losses
 
 
160
 
 
 
219
 
 
 
184
 
Net gain during the year
 
 
(568
)
 
 
599
 
 
 
610
 
Net periodic pension expense
 
 
(159
)
 
 
41
 
 
 
29
 
 
17.5
Staff severance indemnities
 
As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, severance indemnities calculated at the actuarial value are as follows:
 
 
 
12/31/2018
ThUS$
 
 
12/31/2017
ThUS$
 
 
12/31/2016
ThUS$
 
Opening balance
 
 
(27,445
)
 
 
(22,532
)
 
 
(21,995
)
Current cost of service
 
 
(1,529
)
 
 
(934
)
 
 
(1,333
)
Interest cost
 
 
(1,658
)
 
 
(1,488
)
 
 
(1,407
)
Actuarial gain/loss
 
 
(1,617
)
 
 
(1,144
)
 
 
(2,253
)
Exchange rate difference
 
 
2,710
 
 
 
(2,284
)
 
 
(1,215
)
Benefits paid during the year
 
 
1,306
 
 
 
937
 
 
 
5,671
 
Balance
 
 
(28,233
)
 
 
(27,445
)
 
 
(22,532
)
 
a)
Actuarial assumptions
 
The liability recorded for staff severance indemnity is valued at the actuarial value method, using the following actuarial assumptions:
 
 
12/31/2018
 
 
12/31/2017
 
 
12/31/2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortality rate
 
 
RV - 2014
 
 
 
RV - 2014
 
 
 
RV - 2009
 
 
 
 
 
Actual annual interest rate
 
 
4.642
%
 
 
5.114
%
 
 
4.522
%
 
 
 
 
Voluntary retirement rate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Men
 
 
6.49
%
 
 
6.49
%
 
 
7.16
%
 
 
annual
 
Women
 
 
6.49
%
 
 
6.49
%
 
 
7.16
%
 
 
annual
 
Salary increase
 
 
3.00
%
 
 
3.00
%
 
 
3.60
%
 
 
annual
 
Retirement age:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Men
 
 
65
 
 
 
65
 
 
 
65
 
 
 
years
 
Women
 
 
60
 
 
 
60
 
 
 
60
 
 
 
years
 
 
b)
Sensitivity analysis of assumptions
 
As of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company has conducted a sensitivity analysis of the main assumptions of the actuarial calculation, determining the following:
 
Sensitivity analysis 12/31/2018
 
 
Effect + 100 basis points
ThUS$
 
 
Effect - 100 basis points
ThUS$
 
Discount rate
 
 
(1,807
)
 
 
2,033
 
Employee turnover rate
 
 
(237
)
 
 
265
 
 
Sensitivity analysis 12/31/2017
 
 
Effect + 100 basis points
ThUS$
 
 
Effect - 100 basis points
ThUS$
 
Discount rate
 
 
(1,991
)
 
 
2,436
 
Employee turnover rate
 
 
(252
)
 
 
281
 
 
Sensitivity relates to an increase/decrease of
100
basis points.
 
17.6
Executive compensation plan
 
The Company currently has a compensation plan with the purpose of motivating the Company’s executives and encouraging them to remain with the Company, by granting payments based on the change in the price of SQM’s shares. There is a partial payment of the share benefit program in the event of termination of the contract for causes other than the resignation and application of Article 160 of the Chilean Labor Code.
 
Average Share Price Spread
 
Plan characteristics
 
This compensation plan is related to the Company’s performance through the SQM Series B share price (Santiago Stock Exchange).
 
Plan participants
 
A total of 37 Company executives are entitled to this plan, provided that they continue to work for the Company through to the end of 2020. The payment dates, if applicable, will be during the first quarter of 2021.
 
Compensation
 
The compensation payable to each executive is calculated by multiplying a) by b):
a)
The average price of Series B shares on the Santiago Stock Exchange during the fourth quarter of 2020, at its equivalent amount in dollars (with a maximum amount or limit amount of US$
54
per share).
b)
By a number equal to the quantity of shares that have been individually assigned to each executive included in the plan.
 
This compensation plan was approved by the Company’s Board of Directors and its application started on January 1, 2017.
 
The effect of the plan considers
476,302
shares reflected as a cost of ThUS$
3,754
in the results for the period ending December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2017, the effect of the plan was
533,476
shares, equal to ThUS$
6,487
in costs in the profit or loss for 2017.