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Income tax and deferred taxes - Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021
--- | --- | --- | ---
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | $ 302,236 | $ 604,471 |
Deferred tax liabilities | (394,688) | (289,825) |
Total | (92,452) | 314,646 | $ (110,416)
Unrealized loss |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 321,340 | 655,695 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 0 | 0 |
Total | 321,340 | 655,695 | 144,181
Property, plant and equipment and capitalized interest |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 0 | 0 |
Deferred tax liabilities | (240,056) | (244,560) |
Total | (240,056) | (244,560) | (189,073)
Restoration and rehabilitation provision |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 6,336 | 4,685 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 0 | 0 |
Total | 6,336 | 4,685 |
Manufacturing expenses |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 0 | 0 |
Deferred tax liabilities | (159,879) | (139,383) |
Total | (159,879) | (139,383) | (108,181)
Employee benefits and unemployment insurance |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 0 | 0 |
Deferred tax liabilities | (9,438) | (8,995) |
Total | (9,438) | (8,995) | (7,486)
Vacation accrual |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 9,373 | 7,650 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 0 | 0 |
Total | 9,373 | 7,650 | 6,039
Inventory provision |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 34,718 | 27,512 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 0 | 0 |
Total | 34,718 | 27,512 | 20,557
Materials provision |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 14,405 | 11,915 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 0 | 0 |
Total | 14,405 | 11,915 | 10,554
Others employee benefits |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 6,561 | 1,177 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 0 | 0 |
Research and development expenses |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 0 | 0 |
Deferred tax liabilities | (16,046) | (12,294) |
Total | (16,046) | (12,294) | (5,387)
Bad debt provision |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 3,060 | 715 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 0 | 0 |
Total | 3,060 | 715 | 2,708
Provision for legal complaints and expenses |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 2,932 | 6,827 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 0 | 0 |
Total | 2,932 | 6,827 | 334
Loan acquisition expenses |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 0 | 0 |
Deferred tax liabilities | (12,735) | (8,793) |
Financial instruments recorded at market value |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 0 | 5,226 |
Deferred tax liabilities | (52,016) | 0 |
Specific tax on mining activity |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 0 | 0 |
Deferred tax liabilities | (3,303) | (5,799) |
Tax loss benefit |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 23,340 | 10,059 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 0 | 0 |
Total | 23,340 | 10,059 | 8,557
Other |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 0 | 2,913 |
Deferred tax liabilities | (21,119) | 0 |
Total | (21,119) | 2,913 | (4,274)
Foreign items (other) |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 75 | 96 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 0 | 0 |
Total | 75 | 96 | $ 11,828
Balances to date |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 422,140 | 734,470 |
Deferred tax liabilities | $ (514,592) | $ (419,824) |

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