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Income tax and deferred taxes - Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands | Dec. 31, 2024 | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022
--- | --- | --- | ---
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | $ 157,564 | $ 302,236 |
Deferred tax liabilities | (298,379) | (394,688) |
Total | (140,815) | (92,452) | $ 314,646
Unrealized profit |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 157,503 | 321,340 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 0 | 0 |
Total | 157,503 | 321,340 | 655,695
Property, plant and equipment and capitalized interest |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 0 | 0 |
Deferred tax liabilities | (314,309) | (240,056) |
Total | (314,309) | (288,116) | (244,560)
Restoration and rehabilitation provision |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 5,220 | 6,336 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 0 | 0 |
Total | 5,220 | 6,336 |
Manufacturing expenses |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 0 | 0 |
Deferred tax liabilities | (154,906) | (159,879) |
Total | (154,906) | (159,879) | (139,383)
Employee benefits and unemployment insurance |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 0 | 0 |
Deferred tax liabilities | (8,736) | (9,438) |
Total | (8,736) | (9,438) | (8,995)
Vacation accrual |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 9,001 | 9,373 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 0 | 0 |
Total | 9,001 | 9,373 | 7,650
Inventory provision |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 16,353 | 34,718 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 0 | 0 |
Total | 16,353 | 34,718 | 27,512
Materials provision |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 20,293 | 14,405 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 0 | 0 |
Total | 20,293 | 14,405 | 11,915
Others employee benefits |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 10,291 | 6,561 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 0 | 0 |
Research and development expenses |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 0 | 0 |
Deferred tax liabilities | (17,239) | (16,046) |
Total | (17,239) | (16,046) | (12,294)
Bad debt provision |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 0 | 3,060 |
Deferred tax liabilities | (203) | 0 |
Total | (203) | 1,957 | 715
Provision for legal complaints and expenses |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 2,788 | 2,932 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 0 | 0 |
Total | 2,788 | 2,932 | 6,827
Loan acquisition expenses |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 0 | 0 |
Deferred tax liabilities | (17,604) | (12,735) |
Financial instruments recorded at market value |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 3,277 | 0 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 0 | (52,016) |
Total | 3,277 | (52,016) | 5,226
Specific tax on mining activity |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 0 | 0 |
Deferred tax liabilities | (1,398) | (3,303) |
Total | (1,398) | (3,303) | (5,799)
Specific tax on lithium mining activity |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 4,049 |  |
Deferred tax liabilities | 0 |  |
Total | 4,049 | 0 |
Tax loss benefit |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 129,123 | 23,340 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 0 | 0 |
Total | 129,123 | 74,347 | 10,059
Other |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 15,422 | 0 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 0 | (21,119) |
Total | 15,422 | (22,963) | 2,913
Foreign items (other) |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 260 | 75 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 0 | 0 |
Total | 260 | 75 | $ 96
Balances to date |  |  |
Major Components Of Tax Expense [Line Items] |  |  |
Deferred tax assets | 373,580 | 422,140 |
Deferred tax liabilities | $ (514,395) | $ (514,592) |

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