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Income tax and deferred taxes - Reconciliation of Changes in Deferred Tax Liabilities (Assets) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024 | Dec. 31, 2023
Disclosure Of Income Tax And Deferred Taxes [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of period | $ (92,452) | $ 314,646
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss | (101,614) | (346,391)
Deferred tax relating to items credited (charged) directly to equity | 53,251 | (60,707)
Total change in deferred taxes | (48,363) | (407,098)
Deferred tax liability (asset) at end of period | (140,815) | (92,452)
Unrealized profit |  |
Disclosure Of Income Tax And Deferred Taxes [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of period | 321,340 | 655,695
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss | (163,837) | (334,355)
Deferred tax relating to items credited (charged) directly to equity | 0 | 0
Total change in deferred taxes | (163,837) | (334,355)
Deferred tax liability (asset) at end of period | 157,503 | 321,340
Property, plant and equipment and capitalized interest |  |
Disclosure Of Income Tax And Deferred Taxes [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of period | (288,116) | (244,560)
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss | (26,193) | (43,556)
Deferred tax relating to items credited (charged) directly to equity | 0 | 0
Total change in deferred taxes | (26,193) | (43,556)
Deferred tax liability (asset) at end of period | (314,309) | (288,116)
Restoration and rehabilitation provision |  |
Disclosure Of Income Tax And Deferred Taxes [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of period | 6,336 |
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss | (1,116) |
Deferred tax relating to items credited (charged) directly to equity | 0 |
Total change in deferred taxes | (1,116) |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at end of period | 5,220 | 6,336
Restoration and rehabilitation provision |  |
Disclosure Of Income Tax And Deferred Taxes [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of period | 6,336 | 4,685
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss |  | 1,651
Deferred tax relating to items credited (charged) directly to equity |  | 0
Total change in deferred taxes |  | 1,651
Deferred tax liability (asset) at end of period |  | 6,336
Manufacturing expenses |  |
Disclosure Of Income Tax And Deferred Taxes [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of period | (159,879) | (139,383)
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss | 4,973 | (20,496)
Deferred tax relating to items credited (charged) directly to equity | 0 | 0
Total change in deferred taxes | 4,973 | (20,496)
Deferred tax liability (asset) at end of period | (154,906) | (159,879)
Employee benefits and unemployment insurance |  |
Disclosure Of Income Tax And Deferred Taxes [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of period | (9,438) | (8,995)
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss | 1,567 | (2,020)
Deferred tax relating to items credited (charged) directly to equity | (865) | 1,577
Total change in deferred taxes | 702 | (443)
Deferred tax liability (asset) at end of period | (8,736) | (9,438)
Vacation accrual |  |
Disclosure Of Income Tax And Deferred Taxes [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of period | 9,373 | 7,650
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss | (372) | 1,723
Deferred tax relating to items credited (charged) directly to equity | 0 | 0
Total change in deferred taxes | (372) | 1,723
Deferred tax liability (asset) at end of period | 9,001 | 9,373
Inventory provision |  |
Disclosure Of Income Tax And Deferred Taxes [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of period | 34,718 | 27,512
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss | (18,365) | 7,206
Deferred tax relating to items credited (charged) directly to equity | 0 | 0
Total change in deferred taxes | (18,365) | 7,206
Deferred tax liability (asset) at end of period | 16,353 | 34,718
Materials provision |  |
Disclosure Of Income Tax And Deferred Taxes [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of period | 14,405 | 11,915
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss | 5,888 | 2,490
Deferred tax relating to items credited (charged) directly to equity | 0 | 0
Total change in deferred taxes | 5,888 | 2,490
Deferred tax liability (asset) at end of period | 20,293 | 14,405
Derivative financial instruments |  |
Disclosure Of Income Tax And Deferred Taxes [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of period | 0 | 0
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss | 3,049 | 5,047
Deferred tax relating to items credited (charged) directly to equity | (3,049) | (5,047)
Total change in deferred taxes | 0 | 0
Deferred tax liability (asset) at end of period | 0 | 0
Others employee benefits |  |
Disclosure Of Income Tax And Deferred Taxes [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of period | 6,561 | 1,177
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss | 3,730 | 5,384
Deferred tax relating to items credited (charged) directly to equity | 0 | 0
Total change in deferred taxes | 3,730 | 5,384
Deferred tax liability (asset) at end of period | 10,291 | 6,561
Research and development expenses |  |
Disclosure Of Income Tax And Deferred Taxes [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of period | (16,046) | (12,294)
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss | (1,193) | (3,752)
Deferred tax relating to items credited (charged) directly to equity | 0 | 0
Total change in deferred taxes | (1,193) | (3,752)
Deferred tax liability (asset) at end of period | (17,239) | (16,046)
Bad debt provision |  |
Disclosure Of Income Tax And Deferred Taxes [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of period | 1,957 | 715
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss | (2,160) | 1,242
Deferred tax relating to items credited (charged) directly to equity | 0 | 0
Total change in deferred taxes | (2,160) | 1,242
Deferred tax liability (asset) at end of period | (203) | 1,957
Provision for legal complaints and expenses |  |
Disclosure Of Income Tax And Deferred Taxes [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of period | 2,932 | 6,827
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss | (144) | (3,895)
Deferred tax relating to items credited (charged) directly to equity | 0 | 0
Total change in deferred taxes | (144) | (3,895)
Deferred tax liability (asset) at end of period | 2,788 | 2,932
Loan approval expenses |  |
Disclosure Of Income Tax And Deferred Taxes [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of period | (12,735) | (8,793)
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss | (4,869) | (3,942)
Deferred tax relating to items credited (charged) directly to equity | 0 | 0
Total change in deferred taxes | (4,869) | (3,942)
Deferred tax liability (asset) at end of period | (17,604) | (12,735)
Financial instruments recorded at market value |  |
Disclosure Of Income Tax And Deferred Taxes [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of period | (52,016) | 5,226
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss | 0 | 0
Deferred tax relating to items credited (charged) directly to equity | 55,293 | (57,242)
Total change in deferred taxes | 55,293 | (57,242)
Deferred tax liability (asset) at end of period | 3,277 | (52,016)
Specific tax on mining activity |  |
Disclosure Of Income Tax And Deferred Taxes [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of period | (3,303) | (5,799)
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss | 1,900 | 2,491
Deferred tax relating to items credited (charged) directly to equity | 5 | 5
Total change in deferred taxes | 1,905 | 2,496
Deferred tax liability (asset) at end of period | (1,398) | (3,303)
Specific tax on lithium mining activity |  |
Disclosure Of Income Tax And Deferred Taxes [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of period | 0 |
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss | 4,049 |
Deferred tax relating to items credited (charged) directly to equity | 0 |
Total change in deferred taxes | 4,049 |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at end of period | 4,049 | 0
Tax loss benefit |  |
Disclosure Of Income Tax And Deferred Taxes [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of period | 74,347 | 10,059
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss | 54,776 | 64,288
Deferred tax relating to items credited (charged) directly to equity | 0 | 0
Total change in deferred taxes | 54,776 | 64,288
Deferred tax liability (asset) at end of period | 129,123 | 74,347
Other |  |
Disclosure Of Income Tax And Deferred Taxes [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of period | (22,963) | 2,913
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss | 38,385 | (25,876)
Deferred tax relating to items credited (charged) directly to equity | 0 | 0
Total change in deferred taxes | 38,385 | (25,876)
Deferred tax liability (asset) at end of period | 15,422 | (22,963)
Foreign items (other) |  |
Disclosure Of Income Tax And Deferred Taxes [Line Items] |  |
Deferred tax liability (asset) at beginning of period | 75 | 96
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss | (1,682) | (21)
Deferred tax relating to items credited (charged) directly to equity | 1,867 | 0
Total change in deferred taxes | 185 | (21)
Deferred tax liability (asset) at end of period | $ 260 | $ 75

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- Definition The amount of tax expense or income relating to changes in deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, recognised in profit or loss. [Refer: Deferred tax assets; Deferred tax expense (income); Deferred tax liabilities] + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name IAS -Number 12 -IssueDate 2024-01-01 -Paragraph 81 -Subparagraph g -Clause ii -URI https://taxonomy.ifrs.org/xifrs-link?type=IAS&num=12&code=ifrs-tx-2024-en-r&anchor=para_81_g_ii&doctype=Standard -URIDate 2024-03-27 + Details
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