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Expenses by Nature

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

27. EXPENSES BY NATURE

The Group presents the statement of comprehensive income by classifying expenses according to their function as part of the “Costs”, “Administrative expenses”, “Selling expenses” and “Exploration expenses” line items. The following additional information is disclosed as required on the nature of the expenses and their relation to the function within the Group for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:


	2024
	Production costs (2)		Administrative expenses (3)		Selling expenses			Exploration expenses		Total
Salaries and social security taxes		1,066		321		149			14		1,550
Fees and compensation for services		71		257		46			-		374
Other personnel expenses		302		30		15			4		351
Taxes, charges and contributions		180		24		1,006	(1)		-		1,210
Royalties, easements and fees		1,133		-		2			2		1,137
Insurance		93		5		4			-		102
Rental of real estate and equipment		222		1		16			-		239	(4)
Survey expenses		-		-		-			36		36
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment		2,303		46		97			-		2,446
Amortization of intangible assets		28		14		1			-		43
Depreciation of right-of-use assets		258		-		12			-		270
Industrial inputs, consumable materials and supplies		528		4		10			3		545
Operation services and other service contracts		649		13		54			17		733	(4)
Preservation, repair and maintenance		1,706		38		42			20		1,806	(4)
Unproductive exploratory drillings		-		-		-			133		133
Transportation, products and charges		551		-		474			-		1,025	(4)
Provision for doubtful receivables		-		25		66			-		91
Publicity and advertising expenses		-		45		55			-		100
Fuel, gas, energy and miscellaneous		162		13		83			10		268	(4)

		9,252		836		2,132			239		12,459

(1)	Includes 237 corresponding to export withholdings and 594 corresponding to turnover tax.

(2)	Includes 40 corresponding to research and development activities.

(3)	Includes 33 charged to the “Cash-settled share-based payments provision” account of the “Salaries and social security” line item in the statement of financial position, relating to the Value Generation Plan.

(4)	Includes 43 and 92 corresponding to short-term leases and to the lease charge relating to the underlying asset use or performance, respectively.


	2023
	Production costs (2)		Administrative expenses		Selling expenses			Exploration expenses		Total

Salaries and social security taxes		790		276		136			13	1,215
Fees and compensation for services		50		236		37			-	323
Other personnel expenses		232		26		13			1	272
Taxes, charges and contributions		130		24		765	(1)		-	919
Royalties, easements and fees		1,009		-		2			2	1,013
Insurance		81		3		3			-	87
Rental of real estate and equipment		179		1		16			-	196	(3)
Survey expenses		-		-		-			16	16
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment		2,886		43		87			-	3,016
Amortization of intangible assets		30		7		-			-	37
Depreciation of right-of-use assets		209		-		11			-	220
Industrial inputs, consumable materials and supplies		521		5		12			-	538
Operation services and other service contracts		535		10		59			6	610	(3)
Preservation, repair and maintenance		1,395		29		43			-	1,467	(3)
Unproductive exploratory drillings		-		-		-			21	21
Transportation, products and charges		521		-		491			-	1,012	(3)
Provision for doubtful receivables		-		-		18			-	18
Publicity and advertising expenses		-		36		56			-	92
Fuel, gas, energy and miscellaneous		135		9		55			2	201	(3)

		8,703		705		1,804			61	11,273

(1)	Includes 89 corresponding to export withholdings and 541 corresponding to turnover tax.

(2)	Includes 23 corresponding to research and development activities.

(3)	Includes 75 and 104 corresponding to short-term leases and to the lease charge relating to the underlying asset use or performance, respectively.


	2022
	Production costs (2)		Administrative expenses		Selling expenses			Exploration expenses		Total

Salaries and social security taxes		781		222		116			11	1,130
Fees and compensation for services		46		194		32			1	273
Other personnel expenses		202		19		11			1	233
Taxes, charges and contributions		121		13		954	(1)		-	1,088
Royalties, easements and fees		1,026		-		2			3	1,031
Insurance		71		3		2			-	76
Rental of real estate and equipment		140		1		11			-	152	(3)
Survey expenses		-		-		-			18	18
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment		2,400		61		90			-	2,551
Amortization of intangible assets		29		14		-			-	43
Depreciation of right-of-use assets		202		-		12			-	214
Industrial inputs, consumable materials and supplies		454		2		10			-	466
Operation services and other service contracts		383		10		52			4	449	(3)
Preservation, repair and maintenance		1,206		25		44			1	1,276	(3)
Unproductive exploratory drillings		-		-		-			26	26
Transportation, products and charges		473		-		434			-	907	(3)
Provision for doubtful receivables		-		-		14			-	14
Publicity and advertising expenses		-		82		21			-	103
Fuel, gas, energy and miscellaneous		170		11		91			-	272	(3)

		7,704		657		1,896			65	10,322

(1)	Includes 251 corresponding to export withholdings and 567 corresponding to turnover tax.

(2)	Includes 27 corresponding to research and development activities.

(3)	Includes 63 and 104 corresponding to short-term leases and to the lease charge relating to the underlying asset use or performance, respectively.