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INCOME TAXES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Benefit (Expense)

Income tax benefit (expense) consisted of the following:

			For the year ended December 31,
(in thousands)			2022						2021						2020
Current:
Federal			$	(24,382)					$	(4,818)					$	—
State			(9,977)						(2,915)						(156)
Total current			(34,359)						(7,733)						(156)
Deferred:
Federal			(19,236)						(15,851)						14,088
State			1,447						(1,574)						3,704
Total deferred			(17,789)						(17,425)						17,792
Total tax benefit (expense)			$	(52,148)					$	(25,158)					$	17,636

Schedule of Loss Before Income Taxes, By Tax Jurisdiction

Income (loss) before income taxes, by tax jurisdiction, was as follows:

			For the year ended December 31,
(in thousands)			2022						2021						2020
United States			$	341,152					$	160,195					$	(39,461)

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

Income taxes differed from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate of 21% to pretax income (loss) as a result of the following:

			For the year ended December 31,
			2022												2021												2020
(in thousands, except tax rates)			Percent						Amount						Percent						Amount						Percent						Amount
Computed income tax benefit (expense) at the statutory rate			21.0		%				$	(71,642)					21.0		%				$	(33,641)					21.0		%				$	8,287
Changes resulting from:
State and local income taxes, net of federal benefits			3.3		%				(11,395)						2.7		%				(4,288)						4.3		%				1,729
Limitation on officer’s compensation			2.3		%				(8,067)						1.7		%				(2,638)						(1.2)		%				(478)
Depletion in excess of basis			(4.5)		%				15,248						(6.1)		%				9,663						1.1		%				425
Paycheck Protection Loan forgiveness			—		%				—						(0.5)		%				714						—		%				—
Foreign-derived intangible income			(4.0)		%				13,676						(1.8)		%				2,886						—		%				—
California Competes Tax Credit, net of federal detriment			(0.9)		%				3,160						(1.2)		%				1,975						—		%				—
Excess tax benefits on stock-based compensation			(1.0)		%				3,575						(0.6)		%				974						—		%				—
Valuation allowance			(0.8)		%				2,845						0.5		%				(821)						23.7		%				9,333
Other, net			(0.1)		%				452						—		%				18						(4.2)		%				(1,660)
Total effective tax rate and income tax benefit (expense)			15.3		%				$	(52,148)					15.7		%				$	(25,158)					44.7		%				$	17,636

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The tax effects of temporary differences that gave rise to significant portions of the deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities were as follows:

			December 31,
(in thousands)			2022						2021
Deferred tax assets:
Asset retirement and environmental obligations			$	5,643					$	8,744
Net operating losses			—						2,174
Inventories			12,448						6,695
Offtake Advances, net of debt discount			—						4,034
Shenghe Warrant			—						2,329
Research and experimental costs			691						—
Stock-based compensation			3,785						2,688
Organization costs			776						860
Credits			346						764
Other			351						636
Gross deferred tax assets			24,040						28,924
Less: Valuation allowance			(346)						(3,192)
Net deferred tax assets			23,694						25,732
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property, plant and equipment			(36,481)						(14,077)
Prepaid expenses			(1,567)						(1,192)
Deferred revenue			(6,604)						(9,938)
Mineral rights			(101,195)						(104,735)
Other			(200)						(290)
Total deferred tax liabilities			(146,047)						(130,232)
Non-current deferred tax liabilities, net			$	(122,353)					$	(104,500)

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Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years.

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Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets.

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Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.

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Tabular disclosure of income before income tax between domestic and foreign jurisdictions.

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