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Deferred Revenue from Membership Upgrade Sales and Deferred Commission Expense
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Deferred Revenue from Membership Upgrade Sales and Deferred Commission Expense Deferred Revenue from Membership Upgrade Sales and Deferred Commission Expense
The components of the change in deferred revenue from membership upgrades and deferred commission expense were as follows:
(amounts in thousands)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Deferred revenue - upfront payments from membership upgrade sales, beginning$185,660 $163,957 
Membership upgrade sales(1)
28,041 27,771 
Revenue recognized from membership upgrade sales upfront payments(10,863)(9,543)
Net increase in deferred revenue - upfront payments from membership grade sales(1)
17,178 18,228 
Deferred revenue - upfront payments from membership upgrade sales, ending(2)
$202,838 $182,185 
Deferred commission expense, beginning$50,441 $47,349 
Deferred commission expense5,861 5,531 
Commission expense recognized(3,122)(2,850)
Net increase in deferred commission expense(1)
2,739 2,681 
Deferred commission expense, ending$53,180 $50,030 
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(1)We present membership upgrade sales and related commissions on a net basis in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.
(2)Included in Deferred membership revenue on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.