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Investments | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2016
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] |
Investments | Investments Available for sale fixed maturities and equity securities at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, consisted of the following (in millions):
| September 30, 2016 |  | December 31, 2015
Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized |  | Net Unrealized |  | Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized |  | Net Unrealized |  | Fair Value
Gains |  | Losses |  | Gains |  | Losses
Fixed maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government and government agencies | $ | 328 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 332 |  |  | $ | 305 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | (3 | ) |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 307 |
States, municipalities and political subdivisions | 6,597 |  |  | 455 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | 450 |  |  | 7,047 |  |  | 6,642 |  |  | 249 |  |  | (35 | ) |  | 214 |  |  | 6,856 |
Foreign government | 134 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 141 |  |  | 147 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 154 |
Residential MBS | 3,530 |  |  | 300 |  |  | (14 | ) |  | 286 |  |  | 3,816 |  |  | 3,236 |  |  | 308 |  |  | (15 | ) |  | 293 |  |  | 3,529 |
Commercial MBS | 1,764 |  |  | 85 |  |  | — |  |  | 85 |  |  | 1,849 |  |  | 2,111 |  |  | 77 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 76 |  |  | 2,187 |
Asset-backed securities | 5,844 |  |  | 70 |  |  | (25 | ) |  | 45 |  |  | 5,889 |  |  | 4,961 |  |  | 25 |  |  | (52 | ) |  | (27 | ) |  | 4,934 |
Corporate and other | 15,389 |  |  | 962 |  |  | (31 | ) |  | 931 |  |  | 16,320 |  |  | 14,163 |  |  | 422 |  |  | (268 | ) |  | 154 |  |  | 14,317 |
Total fixed maturities | $ | 33,586 |  |  | $ | 1,885 |  |  | $ | (77 | ) |  | $ | 1,808 |  |  | $ | 35,394 |  |  | $ | 31,565 |  |  | $ | 1,093 |  |  | $ | (374 | ) |  | $ | 719 |  |  | $ | 32,284 |
Equity Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stocks | $ | 939 |  |  | $ | 157 |  |  | $ | (27 | ) |  | $ | 130 |  |  | $ | 1,069 |  |  | $ | 1,051 |  |  | $ | 146 |  |  | $ | (79 | ) |  | $ | 67 |  |  | $ | 1,118 |
Perpetual preferred stocks | 453 |  |  | 34 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 31 |  |  | 484 |  |  | 418 |  |  | 23 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | 17 |  |  | 435 |
Total equity securities | $ | 1,392 |  |  | $ | 191 |  |  | $ | (30 | ) |  | $ | 161 |  |  | $ | 1,553 |  |  | $ | 1,469 |  |  | $ | 169 |  |  | $ | (85 | ) |  | $ | 84 |  |  | $ | 1,553 |
The non-credit related portion of other-than-temporary impairment charges is included in other comprehensive income. Cumulative non-credit charges taken for securities still owned at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, were $192 million and $205 million. Gross unrealized gains on such securities at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were $131 million and $134 million, respectively. Gross unrealized losses on such securities at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were $5 million and $6 million, respectively. These amounts represent the non-credit other-than-temporary impairment charges recorded in AOCI adjusted for subsequent changes in fair values and nearly all relate to residential MBS. The following tables show gross unrealized losses (dollars in millions) on fixed maturities and equity securities by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015.
| Less Than Twelve Months |  | Twelve Months or More
Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value |  | Fair Value as % of Cost |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value |  | Fair Value as % of Cost
September 30, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government and government agencies | $ | — |  |  | $ | 51 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 8 |  |  | 80 | %
States, municipalities and political subdivisions | (2 | ) |  | 191 |  |  | 99 | % |  | (3 | ) |  | 50 |  |  | 94 | %
Residential MBS | (7 | ) |  | 490 |  |  | 99 | % |  | (7 | ) |  | 158 |  |  | 96 | %
Commercial MBS | — |  |  | 23 |  |  | 100 | % |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 100 | %
Asset-backed securities | (13 | ) |  | 924 |  |  | 99 | % |  | (12 | ) |  | 535 |  |  | 98 | %
Corporate and other | (8 | ) |  | 470 |  |  | 98 | % |  | (23 | ) |  | 336 |  |  | 94 | %
Total fixed maturities | $ | (30 | ) |  | $ | 2,149 |  |  | 99 | % |  | $ | (47 | ) |  | $ | 1,091 |  |  | 96 | %
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stocks | $ | (27 | ) |  | $ | 233 |  |  | 90 | % |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — | %
Perpetual preferred stocks | (2 | ) |  | 89 |  |  | 98 | % |  | (1 | ) |  | 6 |  |  | 86 | %
Total equity securities | $ | (29 | ) |  | $ | 322 |  |  | 92 | % |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | 6 |  |  | 86 | %
December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government and government agencies | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | 112 |  |  | 99 | % |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 15 |  |  | 88 | %
States, municipalities and political subdivisions | (33 | ) |  | 1,419 |  |  | 98 | % |  | (2 | ) |  | 50 |  |  | 96 | %
Residential MBS | (7 | ) |  | 438 |  |  | 98 | % |  | (8 | ) |  | 201 |  |  | 96 | %
Commercial MBS | — |  |  | 95 |  |  | 100 | % |  | (1 | ) |  | 28 |  |  | 97 | %
Asset-backed securities | (42 | ) |  | 2,706 |  |  | 98 | % |  | (10 | ) |  | 455 |  |  | 98 | %
Corporate and other | (229 | ) |  | 4,661 |  |  | 95 | % |  | (39 | ) |  | 165 |  |  | 81 | %
Total fixed maturities | $ | (312 | ) |  | $ | 9,431 |  |  | 97 | % |  | $ | (62 | ) |  | $ | 914 |  |  | 94 | %
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stocks | $ | (79 | ) |  | $ | 509 |  |  | 87 | % |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — | %
Perpetual preferred stocks | (3 | ) |  | 91 |  |  | 97 | % |  | (3 | ) |  | 22 |  |  | 88 | %
Total equity securities | $ | (82 | ) |  | $ | 600 |  |  | 88 | % |  | $ | (3 | ) |  | $ | 22 |  |  | 88 | %
At September 30, 2016, the gross unrealized losses on fixed maturities of $77 million relate to approximately 475 securities. Investment grade securities (as determined by nationally recognized rating agencies) represented approximately 49% of the gross unrealized loss and 74% of the fair value. AFG analyzes its MBS securities for other-than-temporary impairment each quarter based upon expected future cash flows. Management estimates expected future cash flows based upon its knowledge of the MBS market, cash flow projections (which reflect loan to collateral values, subordination, vintage and geographic concentration) received from independent sources, implied cash flows inherent in security ratings and analysis of historical payment data. In the first nine months of 2016, AFG recorded $2 million in other-than-temporary impairment charges related to its residential MBS. In the first nine months of 2016, AFG recorded approximately $34 million in other-than-temporary impairment charges related to corporate bonds and other fixed maturities. AFG recorded $79 million in other-than-temporary impairment charges on common stocks in the first nine months of 2016. At September 30, 2016, the gross unrealized losses on common stocks of $27 million relate to 32 securities, none of which has been in an unrealized loss position for more than 12 months. AFG recorded $4 million in other-than-temporary impairment charges on preferred stocks in the first nine months of 2016. At September 30, 2016, the gross unrealized losses on preferred stocks of $3 million relate to 14 securities. All of the preferred stocks that have been in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or more (1 security), have investment grade ratings. Management believes AFG will recover its cost basis in the securities with unrealized losses and that AFG has the ability to hold the securities until they recover in value and had no intent to sell them at September 30, 2016. A progression of the credit portion of other-than-temporary impairments on fixed maturity securities for which the non-credit portion of an impairment has been recognized in other comprehensive income is shown below (in millions):
| 2016 |  | 2015
Balance at June 30 | $ | 157 |  |  | $ | 166 |
Additional credit impairments on: |  |  |
Previously impaired securities | — |  |  | — |
Securities without prior impairments | — |  |  | 2 |
Reductions due to sales or redemptions | (2 | ) |  | (2 | )
Balance at September 30 | $ | 155 |  |  | $ | 166 |
Balance at January 1 | $ | 160 |  |  | $ | 170 |
Additional credit impairments on: |  |  |
Previously impaired securities | 2 |  |  | 1 |
Securities without prior impairments | — |  |  | 2 |
Reductions due to sales or redemptions | (7 | ) |  | (7 | )
Balance at September 30 | $ | 155 |  |  | $ | 166 |
The table below sets forth the scheduled maturities of available for sale fixed maturities as of September 30, 2016 (dollars in millions). Securities with sinking funds are reported at average maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain securities may be called or prepaid by the issuers.
| Amortized |  | Fair Value
Cost |  | Amount |  | %
Maturity |  |  |  |  |
One year or less | $ | 1,036 |  |  | $ | 1,053 |  |  | 3 | %
After one year through five years | 5,686 |  |  | 6,047 |  |  | 17 | %
After five years through ten years | 11,767 |  |  | 12,467 |  |  | 35 | %
After ten years | 3,959 |  |  | 4,273 |  |  | 12 | %
| 22,448 |  |  | 23,840 |  |  | 67 | %
ABS (average life of approximately 5 years) | 5,844 |  |  | 5,889 |  |  | 17 | %
MBS (average life of approximately 4 years) | 5,294 |  |  | 5,665 |  |  | 16 | %
Total | $ | 33,586 |  |  | $ | 35,394 |  |  | 100 | %
Certain risks are inherent in fixed maturity securities, including loss upon default, price volatility in reaction to changes in interest rates, and general market factors and risks associated with reinvestment of proceeds due to prepayments or redemptions in a period of declining interest rates. There were no investments in individual issuers that exceeded 10% of shareholders’ equity at September 30, 2016 or December 31, 2015. Net Unrealized Gain on Marketable Securities In addition to adjusting equity securities and fixed maturity securities classified as “available for sale” to fair value, GAAP requires that deferred policy acquisition costs and certain other balance sheet amounts related to annuity, long-term care and life businesses be adjusted to the extent that unrealized gains and losses from securities would result in adjustments to those balances had the unrealized gains or losses actually been realized. The following table shows (in millions) the components of the net unrealized gain on securities that is included in AOCI in AFG’s Balance Sheet.
| Pretax |  | Deferred Tax and Amounts Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests |  | Net
September 30, 2016 |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gain on: |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities — annuity segment (*) | $ | 1,420 |  |  | $ | (497 | ) |  | $ | 923 |
Fixed maturities — all other | 388 |  |  | (145 | ) |  | 243 |
Total fixed maturities | 1,808 |  |  | (642 | ) |  | 1,166 |
Equity securities | 161 |  |  | (58 | ) |  | 103 |
Total investments | 1,969 |  |  | (700 | ) |  | 1,269 |
Deferred policy acquisition costs — annuity segment | (614 | ) |  | 215 |  |  | (399 | )
Annuity benefits accumulated | (179 | ) |  | 63 |  |  | (116 | )
Life, accident and health reserves | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | )
Unearned revenue | 30 |  |  | (11 | ) |  | 19 |
Total net unrealized gain on marketable securities | $ | 1,205 |  |  | $ | (433 | ) |  | $ | 772 |
December 31, 2015 |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gain on: |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities — annuity segment (*) | $ | 523 |  |  | $ | (183 | ) |  | $ | 340 |
Fixed maturities — all other | 196 |  |  | (72 | ) |  | 124 |
Total fixed maturities | 719 |  |  | (255 | ) |  | 464 |
Equity securities | 84 |  |  | (30 | ) |  | 54 |
Total investments | 803 |  |  | (285 | ) |  | 518 |
Deferred policy acquisition costs — annuity segment | (233 | ) |  | 82 |  |  | (151 | )
Annuity benefits accumulated | (64 | ) |  | 22 |  |  | (42 | )
Unearned revenue | 11 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | 7 |
Total net unrealized gain on marketable securities | $ | 517 |  |  | $ | (185 | ) |  | $ | 332 |
(*) | Unrealized gains on fixed maturity investments supporting AFG’s annuity benefits accumulated.
Net Investment Income The following table shows (in millions) investment income earned and investment expenses incurred.
| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Investment income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities | $ | 378 |  |  | $ | 370 |  |  | $ | 1,126 |  |  | $ | 1,082 |
Equity securities | 20 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 54 |
Equity in earnings of partnerships and similar investments | 16 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 26 |
Other | 23 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 69 |
Gross investment income | 437 |  |  | 430 |  |  | 1,280 |  |  | 1,231 |
Investment expenses | (4 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | (13 | ) |  | (14 | )
Net investment income | $ | 433 |  |  | $ | 425 |  |  | $ | 1,267 |  |  | $ | 1,217 |
Realized gains (losses) and changes in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) related to fixed maturity and equity security investments are summarized as follows (in millions):
| Three months ended September 30, 2016 |  | Three months ended September 30, 2015
| Realized gains (losses) |  |  |  | Realized gains (losses) |  |
| Before Impairments |  | Impairments |  | Total |  | Change in Unrealized |  | Before Impairments |  | Impairments |  | Total |  | Change in Unrealized
Fixed maturities | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 52 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | (17 | ) |  | $ | (10 | ) |  | $ | (9 | )
Equity securities | 14 |  |  | (16 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | 89 |  |  | 13 |  |  | (23 | ) |  | (10 | ) |  | (135 | )
Mortgage loans and other investments | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other (*) | (1 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | 5 |  |  | 4 |  |  | (11 | )
Total pretax | 18 |  |  | (16 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | 136 |  |  | 19 |  |  | (35 | ) |  | (16 | ) |  | (155 | )
Tax effects | (7 | ) |  | 5 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (48 | ) |  | (7 | ) |  | 13 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 55 |
Noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Net of tax and noncontrolling interests | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | (10 | ) |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 87 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | (21 | ) |  | $ | (10 | ) |  | $ | (98 | )
| Nine months ended September 30, 2016 |  | Nine months ended September 30, 2015
| Realized gains (losses) |  |  |  | Realized gains (losses) |  |
| Before Impairments |  | Impairments |  | Total |  | Change in Unrealized |  | Before Impairments |  | Impairments |  | Total |  | Change in Unrealized
Fixed maturities | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | (37 | ) |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | 1,089 |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | (32 | ) |  | $ | (15 | ) |  | $ | (414 | )
Equity securities | 46 |  |  | (83 | ) |  | (37 | ) |  | 77 |  |  | 59 |  |  | (48 | ) |  | 11 |  |  | (150 | )
Mortgage loans and other investments | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |
Other (*) | (7 | ) |  | 13 |  |  | 6 |  |  | (478 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | 11 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 166 |
Total pretax | 75 |  |  | (107 | ) |  | (32 | ) |  | 688 |  |  | 71 |  |  | (69 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | (398 | )
Tax effects | (27 | ) |  | 38 |  |  | 11 |  |  | (241 | ) |  | (25 | ) |  | 25 |  |  | — |  |  | 140 |
Noncontrolling interests | (1 | ) |  | 3 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (7 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
Net of tax and noncontrolling interests | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | (66 | ) |  | $ | (19 | ) |  | $ | 440 |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | (43 | ) |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (254 | )
(*) | Primarily adjustments to deferred policy acquisition costs and reserves related to annuities and long-term care business.
Gross realized gains and losses (excluding impairment write-downs and mark-to-market of derivatives) on available for sale fixed maturity and equity security investment transactions included in the statement of cash flows consisted of the following (in millions):
| Nine months ended September 30,
2016 |  | 2015
Fixed maturities: |  |  |
Gross gains | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | 24 |
Gross losses | (8 | ) |  | — |
Equity securities: |  |  |
Gross gains | 49 |  |  | 59 |
Gross losses | (3 | ) |  | — |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for investments in certain debt and equity securities. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 320 -Glossary Debt Security -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6509901 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 320 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 6 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=73527792&loc=d3e27290-111563 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 310 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6379141&loc=d3e15032-111544 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 320 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 5 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=73527792&loc=d3e27232-111563 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 320 -Glossary Equity Security -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6511694 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 942 -SubTopic 320 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6957658&loc=d3e62557-112803 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 320 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=73527792&loc=d3e27161-111563 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 320 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 9 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=73527792&loc=d3e27357-111563 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 320 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 10 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=73527792&loc=d3e27405-111563 + Details
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