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Income Taxes - Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016
--- | --- | ---
Deferred tax assets: |  |
Federal net operating loss carryforwards | $ 27 | $ 50
Foreign underwriting losses | 80 | 120
Capital loss carryforwards | 32 | 83
Insurance claims and reserves | 694 | 801
Employee benefits | 84 | 131
Other, net | 45 | 80
Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowance | 962 | 1,265
Valuation allowance against deferred tax assets | (109) | (173)
Total deferred tax assets | 853 | 1,092
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |
Investment securities | (341) | (307)
Deferred policy acquisition costs | (202) | (352)
Insurance claims and reserves transition liability | (128) | 0
Real estate, property and equipment | (35) | (45)
Total deferred tax liabilities | (706) | (704)
Net deferred tax asset (liability) | 147 | 388
Excluding Unrealized Gains |  |
Deferred tax assets: |  |
Federal net operating loss carryforwards | 27 | 50
Foreign underwriting losses | 80 | 120
Capital loss carryforwards | 32 | 83
Insurance claims and reserves | 665 | 774
Employee benefits | 84 | 131
Other, net | 48 | 85
Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowance | 936 | 1,243
Valuation allowance against deferred tax assets | (109) | (173)
Total deferred tax assets | 827 | 1,070
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |
Investment securities | (1) | 29
Deferred policy acquisition costs | (293) | (448)
Insurance claims and reserves transition liability | (128) | 0
Real estate, property and equipment | (35) | (45)
Total deferred tax liabilities | (457) | (464)
Net deferred tax asset (liability) | 370 | 606
Impact of Unrealized Gains |  |
Deferred tax assets: |  |
Federal net operating loss carryforwards | 0 | 0
Foreign underwriting losses | 0 | 0
Capital loss carryforwards | 0 | 0
Insurance claims and reserves | 29 | 27
Employee benefits | 0 | 0
Other, net | (3) | (5)
Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowance | 26 | 22
Valuation allowance against deferred tax assets | 0 | 0
Total deferred tax assets | 26 | 22
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |
Investment securities | (340) | (336)
Deferred policy acquisition costs | 91 | 96
Insurance claims and reserves transition liability | 0 | 0
Real estate, property and equipment | 0 | 0
Total deferred tax liabilities | (249) | (240)
Net deferred tax asset (liability) | $ (223) | $ (218)

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