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Income Taxes - Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017
--- | --- | ---
Deferred tax assets: |  |
Federal net operating loss carryforwards | $ 23 | $ 27
Foreign underwriting losses | 93 | 80
Capital loss carryforwards | 0 | 32
Insurance claims and reserves | 743 | 694
Employee benefits | 88 | 84
Other, net | 44 | 45
Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowance | 991 | 962
Valuation allowance against deferred tax assets | (119) | (109)
Total deferred tax assets | 872 | 853
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |
Investment securities | (70) | (341)
Deferred policy acquisition costs | (291) | (202)
Insurance claims and reserves transition liability | (110) | (128)
Real estate, property and equipment | (36) | (35)
Total deferred tax liabilities | (507) | (706)
Net deferred tax asset (liability) | 365 | 147
Excluding Unrealized Gains |  |
Deferred tax assets: |  |
Federal net operating loss carryforwards | 23 | 27
Foreign underwriting losses | 93 | 80
Capital loss carryforwards | 0 | 32
Insurance claims and reserves | 740 | 665
Employee benefits | 88 | 84
Other, net | 44 | 48
Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowance | 988 | 936
Valuation allowance against deferred tax assets | (119) | (109)
Total deferred tax assets | 869 | 827
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |
Investment securities | (36) | (1)
Deferred policy acquisition costs | (300) | (293)
Insurance claims and reserves transition liability | (110) | (128)
Real estate, property and equipment | (36) | (35)
Total deferred tax liabilities | (482) | (457)
Net deferred tax asset (liability) | 387 | 370
Impact of Unrealized Gains |  |
Deferred tax assets: |  |
Federal net operating loss carryforwards | 0 | 0
Foreign underwriting losses | 0 | 0
Capital loss carryforwards | 0 | 0
Insurance claims and reserves | 3 | 29
Employee benefits | 0 | 0
Other, net | 0 | (3)
Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowance | 3 | 26
Valuation allowance against deferred tax assets | 0 | 0
Total deferred tax assets | 3 | 26
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |
Investment securities | (34) | (340)
Deferred policy acquisition costs | 9 | 91
Insurance claims and reserves transition liability | 0 | 0
Real estate, property and equipment | 0 | 0
Total deferred tax liabilities | (25) | (249)
Net deferred tax asset (liability) | $ (22) | $ (223)

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