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Investments | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2021
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] |
Investments | Investments Available for sale fixed maturities held by AFG’s continuing operations at December 31 consisted of the following (in millions):
| Amortized Cost |  | Allowance for Expected Credit Losses |  | Gross Unrealized |  | Net Unrealized |  | Fair Value
| Gains |  | Losses |  |
December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government and government agencies | $ | 216 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (2) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 216 |
States municipalities and political subdivisions | 1,758 |  |  | — |  |  | 74 |  |  | — |  |  | 74 |  |  | 1,832 |
Foreign government | 248 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | (2) |  |  | 246 |
Residential MBS | 915 |  |  | — |  |  | 48 |  |  | (3) |  |  | 45 |  |  | 960 |
Commercial MBS | 102 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 104 |
Collateralized loan obligations | 1,643 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1,643 |
Other asset-backed securities | 2,677 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 17 |  |  | (11) |  |  | 6 |  |  | 2,676 |
Corporate and other | 2,634 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 55 |  |  | (8) |  |  | 47 |  |  | 2,680 |
Total fixed maturities | $ | 10,193 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 201 |  |  | $ | (28) |  |  | $ | 173 |  |  | $ | 10,357 |
December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government and government agencies | $ | 192 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 198 |
States municipalities and political subdivisions | 2,196 |  |  | — |  |  | 116 |  |  | — |  |  | 116 |  |  | 2,312 |
Foreign government | 172 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 176 |
Residential MBS | 859 |  |  | — |  |  | 57 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 56 |  |  | 915 |
Commercial MBS | 89 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 92 |
Collateralized loan obligations | 1,065 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 4 |  |  | (4) |  |  | — |  |  | 1,062 |
Other asset-backed securities | 2,040 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 27 |  |  | (13) |  |  | 14 |  |  | 2,047 |
Corporate and other | 2,199 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 88 |  |  | (3) |  |  | 85 |  |  | 2,282 |
Total fixed maturities | $ | 8,812 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 305 |  |  | $ | (21) |  |  | $ | 284 |  |  | $ | 9,084 |
Available for sale fixed maturities that are included in assets of discontinued annuity operations at December 31, 2020, consisted of the following (in millions):
| Amortized Cost |  | Allowance for Expected Credit Losses |  | Gross Unrealized |  | Net Unrealized |  | Fair Value
Gains |  | Losses
December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government and government agencies | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 44 |
States, municipalities and political subdivisions | 3,053 |  |  | — |  |  | 370 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 368 |  |  | 3,421 |
Foreign government | 31 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 35 |
Residential MBS | 1,953 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 194 |  |  | (4) |  |  | 190 |  |  | 2,140 |
Commercial MBS | 659 |  |  | — |  |  | 40 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 39 |  |  | 698 |
Collateralized loan obligations | 3,491 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 23 |  |  | (13) |  |  | 10 |  |  | 3,491 |
Other asset-backed securities | 5,098 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 142 |  |  | (53) |  |  | 89 |  |  | 5,176 |
Corporate and other | 17,272 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 1,874 |  |  | (24) |  |  | 1,850 |  |  | 19,118 |
Total fixed maturities | $ | 31,596 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 2,652 |  |  | $ | (97) |  |  | $ | 2,555 |  |  | $ | 34,123 |
Equity securities held by AFG’s continuing operations, which are reported at fair value with holding gains and losses recognized in net earnings, consisted of the following at December 31 (in millions):
| 2021 |  | 2020
|  |  |  |  | Fair Value |  |  |  |  |  | Fair Value
| Actual |  |  |  | over (under) |  | Actual |  |  |  | over (under)
| Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Cost |  | Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Cost
Common stocks | $ | 491 |  |  | $ | 586 |  |  | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | 516 |  |  | $ | 510 |  |  | $ | (6) |
Perpetual preferred stocks | 403 |  |  | 456 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 369 |  |  | 379 |  |  | 10 |
Total equity securities carried at fair value | $ | 894 |  |  | $ | 1,042 |  |  | $ | 148 |  |  | $ | 885 |  |  | $ | 889 |  |  | $ | 4 |
Investments accounted for using the equity method held by AFG’s continuing operations, by category, carrying value and net investment income are as follows (in millions):
| Carrying Value |  | Net Investment Income
| December 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Real estate-related investments (*) | $ | 1,130 |  |  | $ | 915 |  |  | $ | 226 |  |  | $ | 92 |  |  | $ | 67 |
Private equity | 352 |  |  | 266 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 24 |
Private debt | 35 |  |  | 54 |  |  | (5) |  |  | (11) |  |  | 6 |
Total investments accounted for using the equity method | $ | 1,517 |  |  | $ | 1,235 |  |  | $ | 321 |  |  | $ | 99 |  |  | $ | 97 |
(*)Includes 88% with underlying investments in multi-family properties, 1% in single family properties and 11% in other property types as of December 31, 2021 and 87% with underlying investments in multi-family properties, 2% in single family properties and 11% in other property types as of December 31, 2020. The earnings (losses) from these investments are generally reported on a quarter lag due to the timing required to obtain the necessary information from the funds. AFG regularly reviews and discusses fund performance with the fund managers to corroborate the reasonableness of the underlying reported asset values and to assess whether any events have occurred within the lag period that may materially affect the valuation of these investments. With respect to partnerships and similar investments, AFG’s continuing operations had unfunded commitments of $366 million and $290 million as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Assets of discontinued annuity operations included investments accounted for under the equity method of $646 million as of December 31, 2020. The following table shows gross unrealized losses (dollars in millions) on available for sale fixed maturities held by AFG’s continuing operations by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at the following balance sheet dates.
| Less Than Twelve Months |  | Twelve Months or More
Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value |  | Fair Value as % of Cost |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value |  | Fair Value as % of Cost
December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government and government agencies | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | 92 |  |  | 99 | % |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | 96 | %
States, municipalities and political subdivisions | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | 100 | % |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | 100 | %
Foreign government | (2) |  |  | 160 |  |  | 99 | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | %
Residential MBS | (3) |  |  | 419 |  |  | 99 | % |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 100 | %
Commercial MBS | — |  |  | 34 |  |  | 100 | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | %
Collateralized loan obligations | (1) |  |  | 806 |  |  | 100 | % |  | (1) |  |  | 77 |  |  | 99 | %
Other asset-backed securities | (8) |  |  | 1,250 |  |  | 99 | % |  | (3) |  |  | 81 |  |  | 96 | %
Corporate and other | (8) |  |  | 500 |  |  | 98 | % |  | — |  |  | 26 |  |  | 100 | %
Total fixed maturities | $ | (23) |  |  | $ | 3,270 |  |  | 99 | % |  | $ | (5) |  |  | $ | 226 |  |  | 98 | %
December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government and government agencies | $ | — |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — | %
States, municipalities and political subdivisions | — |  |  | 39 |  |  | 100 | % |  | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | 100 | %
Foreign government | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 100 | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | %
Residential MBS | (1) |  |  | 86 |  |  | 99 | % |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 100 | %
Commercial MBS | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 100 | % |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 100 | %
Collateralized loan obligations | (1) |  |  | 192 |  |  | 99 | % |  | (3) |  |  | 366 |  |  | 99 | %
Other asset-backed securities | (10) |  |  | 465 |  |  | 98 | % |  | (3) |  |  | 92 |  |  | 97 | %
Corporate and other | (2) |  |  | 133 |  |  | 99 | % |  | (1) |  |  | 17 |  |  | 94 | %
Total fixed maturities | $ | (14) |  |  | $ | 952 |  |  | 99 | % |  | $ | (7) |  |  | $ | 497 |  |  | 99 | %
At December 31, 2021, the gross unrealized losses on fixed maturities of $28 million relate to 514 securities. Investment grade securities (as determined by nationally recognized rating agencies) represented approximately 84% of the gross unrealized loss and 95% of the fair value. To evaluate fixed maturities for expected credit losses (impairment), management considers whether the unrealized loss is credit-driven or a result of changes in market interest rates, the extent to which fair value is less than cost basis, historical operating, balance sheet and cash flow data from the issuer, third party research and communications with industry specialists and discussions with issuer management. AFG analyzes its MBS securities for expected credit losses (impairment) each quarter based upon expected future cash flows. Management estimates expected future cash flows based upon its knowledge of the MBS market, cash flow projections (which reflect loan to collateral values, subordination, vintage and geographic concentration) received from independent sources, implied cash flows inherent in security ratings and analysis of historical payment data. Management believes AFG will recover its cost basis (net of any allowance) in the securities with unrealized losses and that AFG has the ability to hold the securities until they recover in value and had no intent to sell them at December 31, 2021. Credit losses on available for sale fixed maturities are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows compared to amortized cost. Beginning January 1, 2020, impairment losses are recognized through an allowance instead of directly writing down the amortized cost. Recoveries of previously impaired amounts are recorded as an immediate reversal of all or a portion of the allowance. In addition, the allowance on available for sale fixed maturities cannot cause the amortized cost net of the allowance to be below fair value. Accordingly, future changes in the fair value of an impaired security (when the allowance was limited by the fair value) due to reasons other than issuer credit (e.g. changes in market interest rates) result in increases or decreases in the allowance, which are recorded through realized gains (losses) on securities. A progression of the allowance for expected credit losses on fixed maturity securities held by AFG’s continuing operations is shown below (in millions):
| Structured securities (*) |  | Corporate and other |  | Total
Balance at January 1, 2020 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Impact of adoption of new accounting policy | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Initial allowance for purchased securities with credit deterioration | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Provision for expected credit losses on securities with no previous allowance | 11 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 16 |
Additions (reductions) to previously recognized expected credit losses | (1) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (3) |
Reductions due to sales or redemptions | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | (1) |
Balance at December 31, 2020 | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 12 |
Initial allowance for purchased securities with credit deterioration | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Provision for expected credit losses on securities with no previous allowance | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Additions (reductions) to previously recognized expected credit losses | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |
Reductions due to sales or redemptions | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | (2) |
Balance at December 31, 2021 | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 9 |
(*)Includes mortgage-backed securities, collateralized loan obligations and other asset-backed securities. In 2021 and 2020, AFG’s continuing operations did not purchase any securities with expected credit losses. The table below sets forth the scheduled maturities of AFG’s available for sale fixed maturities as of December 31, 2021 (dollars in millions). Securities with sinking funds are reported at average maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain securities may be called or prepaid by the issuers.
| Amortized |  | Fair Value
Cost, net (*) |  | Amount |  | %
Maturity |  |  |  |  |
One year or less | $ | 1,228 |  |  | $ | 1,240 |  |  | 12 | %
After one year through five years | 2,483 |  |  | 2,548 |  |  | 25 | %
After five years through ten years | 812 |  |  | 844 |  |  | 8 | %
After ten years | 332 |  |  | 342 |  |  | 3 | %
| 4,855 |  |  | 4,974 |  |  | 48 | %
Collateralized loan obligations and other ABS (average life of approximately 3 years) | 4,312 |  |  | 4,319 |  |  | 42 | %
MBS (average life of approximately 3.5 years) | 1,017 |  |  | 1,064 |  |  | 10 | %
Total | $ | 10,184 |  |  | $ | 10,357 |  |  | 100 | %
(*)Amortized cost, net of allowance for expected credit losses. Certain risks are inherent in fixed maturity securities, including loss upon default, price volatility in reaction to changes in interest rates, and general market factors and risks associated with reinvestment of proceeds due to prepayments or redemptions in a period of declining interest rates. There were no investments in individual issuers that exceeded 10% of shareholders’ equity at December 31, 2021 or 2020. Net Unrealized Gain on Fixed Maturity Securities The following table shows (in millions) the components of the net unrealized gain on securities that is included in AOCI in AFG’s Balance Sheet.
| Pretax |  | Deferred Tax |  | Net
December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized gain on fixed maturities | $ | 173 |  |  | $ | (37) |  |  | $ | 136 |
December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized gain on fixed maturities held by continuing operations | $ | 284 |  |  | $ | (60) |  |  | $ | 224 |
Discontinued operations (*): |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized gain on fixed maturities | $ | 2,555 |  |  | $ | (536) |  |  | $ | 2,019 |
Deferred policy acquisition costs — annuity segment | (934) |  |  | 196 |  |  | (738) |
Annuity benefits accumulated | (324) |  |  | 68 |  |  | (256) |
Life, accident and health reserves | (3) |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |
Unearned revenue | 11 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 9 |
Total net unrealized gain from discontinued operations | 1,305 |  |  | (274) |  |  | 1,031 |
Total net unrealized gain on fixed maturity securities | $ | 1,589 |  |  | $ | (334) |  |  | $ | 1,255 |
(*)In addition to adjusting fixed maturity securities classified as “available for sale” to fair value, GAAP requires that deferred policy acquisition costs and certain other balance sheet amounts related to AFG’s discontinued annuity, long-term care and life businesses be adjusted to the extent that unrealized gains and losses from securities would result in adjustments to those balances had the unrealized gains or losses actually been realized. Net Investment Income The following table shows (in millions) investment income earned and investment expenses incurred in AFG’s continuing operations.
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Investment income: |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities | $ | 290 |  |  | $ | 303 |  |  | $ | 315 |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |
Dividends | 30 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 51 |
Change in fair value (a) (b) | 61 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 22 |
Equity in earnings of partnerships and similar investments | 321 |  |  | 99 |  |  | 97 |
Other | 40 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 53 |
Gross investment income | 742 |  |  | 467 |  |  | 538 |
Investment expenses | (12) |  |  | (6) |  |  | (6) |
Net investment income (b) | $ | 730 |  |  | $ | 461 |  |  | $ | 532 |
(a)Although the change in the fair value of the majority of AFG’s equity securities is recorded in realized gains (losses) on securities, AFG records holding gains and losses in net investment income on equity securities classified as “trading” under previous guidance and on a small portfolio of limited partnership and similar investments that do not qualify for the equity method of accounting. (b)Net investment income in 2020 includes losses of $5 million on investments held by the companies that comprise the Neon exited lines due primarily to the $7 million loss recorded in first quarter of 2020 on equity securities that were carried at fair value through net investment income. Realized gains (losses) and changes in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) from continuing operations included in AOCI related to fixed maturity securities are summarized as follows (in millions):
| 2021 |  | 2020
| Realized gains (losses) |  |  |  | Realized gains (losses) |  |
| Before Impairments |  | Impairment Allowance |  | Total |  | Change in Unrealized |  | Before Impairments |  | Impairment Allowance |  | Total |  | Change in Unrealized
Fixed maturities | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (111) |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | (13) |  |  | $ | (7) |  |  | $ | 61 |
Equity securities | 110 |  |  | — |  |  | 110 |  |  | — |  |  | (70) |  |  | — |  |  | (70) |  |  | — |
Mortgage loans and other investments | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |
Total pretax | 109 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 110 |  |  | (111) |  |  | (62) |  |  | (13) |  |  | (75) |  |  | 61 |
Tax effects | (23) |  |  | — |  |  | (23) |  |  | 23 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 16 |  |  | (13) |
Net of tax | $ | 86 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 87 |  |  | $ | (88) |  |  | $ | (49) |  |  | $ | (10) |  |  | $ | (59) |  |  | $ | 48 |
|  |  | 2019
|  |  |  |  | Realized gains (losses) |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Before Impairments |  | Impairments |  | Total |  | Change in Unrealized
Fixed maturities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | (8) |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | 174 |
Equity securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 155 |  |  | — |  |  | 155 |  |  | — |
Mortgage loans and other investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Total pretax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 163 |  |  | (8) |  |  | 155 |  |  | 174 |
Tax effects |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (34) |  |  | 2 |  |  | (32) |  |  | (36) |
Net of tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 129 |  |  | $ | (6) |  |  | $ | 123 |  |  | $ | 138 |
All equity securities other than those accounted for under the equity method are carried at fair value through net earnings. AFG recorded net holding gains (losses) on equity securities from continuing operations during 2021, 2020 and 2019 on securities that were still owned at December 31 of each year presented as follows (in millions):
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Included in realized gains (losses) | $ | 65 |  |  | $ | (44) |  |  | $ | 105 |
Included in net investment income | 54 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 21 |
| $ | 119 |  |  | $ | (32) |  |  | $ | 126 |
Gross realized gains and losses (excluding changes in impairment allowance and mark-to-market of derivatives) on available for sale fixed maturity investment transactions from continuing operations consisted of the following (in millions):
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Gross gains | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 4 |
Gross losses | (1) |  |  | (5) |  |  | (2) |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for investments in certain debt and equity securities. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 942 -SubTopic 320 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2209399 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 946 -SubTopic 320 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2324412 Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 320 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2196928 Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 940 -SubTopic 320 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2176304 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher SEC -Name Regulation S-K (SK) -Number 229 -Section 1403 -Paragraph (b) + Details
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