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Investments | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2022
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] |
Investments | Investments Available for sale fixed maturities at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, consisted of the following (in millions):
| Amortized Cost |  | Allowance for Expected Credit Losses |  | Gross Unrealized |  | Net Unrealized |  | Fair Value
Gains |  | Losses
March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government and government agencies | $ | 216 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (8) |  |  | $ | (7) |  |  | $ | 209 |
States, municipalities and political subdivisions | 1,648 |  |  | — |  |  | 22 |  |  | (13) |  |  | 9 |  |  | 1,657 |
Foreign government | 266 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (9) |  |  | (9) |  |  | 257 |
Residential MBS | 1,550 |  |  | — |  |  | 36 |  |  | (55) |  |  | (19) |  |  | 1,531 |
Commercial MBS | 100 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 100 |
Collateralized loan obligations | 1,907 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (14) |  |  | (12) |  |  | 1,894 |
Other asset-backed securities | 2,725 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 5 |  |  | (68) |  |  | (63) |  |  | 2,657 |
Corporate and other | 2,542 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 16 |  |  | (53) |  |  | (37) |  |  | 2,504 |
Total fixed maturities | $ | 10,954 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | (220) |  |  | $ | (138) |  |  | $ | 10,809 |
December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government and government agencies | $ | 216 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (2) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 216 |
States, municipalities and political subdivisions | 1,758 |  |  | — |  |  | 74 |  |  | — |  |  | 74 |  |  | 1,832 |
Foreign government | 248 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | (2) |  |  | 246 |
Residential MBS | 915 |  |  | — |  |  | 48 |  |  | (3) |  |  | 45 |  |  | 960 |
Commercial MBS | 102 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 104 |
Collateralized loan obligations | 1,643 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1,643 |
Other asset-backed securities | 2,677 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 17 |  |  | (11) |  |  | 6 |  |  | 2,676 |
Corporate and other | 2,634 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 55 |  |  | (8) |  |  | 47 |  |  | 2,680 |
Total fixed maturities | $ | 10,193 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 201 |  |  | $ | (28) |  |  | $ | 173 |  |  | $ | 10,357 |
Equity securities which are reported at fair value with holding gains and losses recognized in net earnings, consisted of the following at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in millions):
| March 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
| Actual Cost |  |  |  | Fair Value |  | Actual Cost |  |  |  | Fair Value
|  | Fair Value |  | over Cost |  |  | Fair Value |  | over Cost
Common stocks | $ | 496 |  |  | $ | 578 |  |  | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | 491 |  |  | $ | 586 |  |  | $ | 95 |
Perpetual preferred stocks | 407 |  |  | 444 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 403 |  |  | 456 |  |  | 53 |
Total equity securities carried at fair value | $ | 903 |  |  | $ | 1,022 |  |  | $ | 119 |  |  | $ | 894 |  |  | $ | 1,042 |  |  | $ | 148 |
Investments accounted for using the equity method held by AFG’s continuing operations, by category, carrying value and net investment income are as follows (in millions):
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Net Investment Income
| Carrying Value |  |  |  | Three months ended March 31,
| March 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Real estate-related investments (*) | $ | 1,195 |  |  | $ | 1,130 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 100 |  |  | $ | 54 |
Private equity | 391 |  |  | 352 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 33 |  |  | 21 |
Private debt | 33 |  |  | 35 |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |
Total investments accounted for using the equity method | $ | 1,619 |  |  | $ | 1,517 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 133 |  |  | $ | 78 |
(*)Includes 88% with underlying investments in multi-family properties, 1% in single family properties and 11% in other property types as of both March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The earnings (losses) from these investments are generally reported on a quarter lag due to the timing required to obtain the necessary information from the funds. AFG regularly reviews and discusses fund performance with the fund managers to corroborate the reasonableness of the underlying reported asset values and to assess whether any events have occurred within the lag period that may materially affect the valuation of these investments. With respect to partnerships and similar investments, AFG had unfunded commitments of $354 million and $366 million as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The following table shows gross unrealized losses (dollars in millions) on available for sale fixed maturities by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at the following balance sheet dates.
| Less Than Twelve Months |  | Twelve Months or More
Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value |  | Fair Value as % of Cost |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Fair Value |  | Fair Value as % of Cost
March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government and government agencies | $ | (3) |  |  | $ | 114 |  |  | 97 | % |  | $ | (5) |  |  | $ | 61 |  |  | 92 | %
States, municipalities and political subdivisions | (12) |  |  | 444 |  |  | 97 | % |  | (1) |  |  | 12 |  |  | 92 | %
Foreign government | (9) |  |  | 241 |  |  | 96 | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | %
Residential MBS | (55) |  |  | 1,213 |  |  | 96 | % |  | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | 100 | %
Commercial MBS | — |  |  | 52 |  |  | 100 | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | %
Collateralized loan obligations | (12) |  |  | 1,302 |  |  | 99 | % |  | (2) |  |  | 78 |  |  | 98 | %
Other asset-backed securities | (63) |  |  | 2,053 |  |  | 97 | % |  | (5) |  |  | 82 |  |  | 94 | %
Corporate and other | (49) |  |  | 1,226 |  |  | 96 | % |  | (4) |  |  | 68 |  |  | 94 | %
Total fixed maturities | $ | (203) |  |  | $ | 6,645 |  |  | 97 | % |  | $ | (17) |  |  | $ | 312 |  |  | 95 | %
December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government and government agencies | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | 92 |  |  | 99 | % |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | 96 | %
States, municipalities and political subdivisions | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | 100 | % |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | 100 | %
Foreign government | (2) |  |  | 160 |  |  | 99 | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | %
Residential MBS | (3) |  |  | 419 |  |  | 99 | % |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 100 | %
Commercial MBS | — |  |  | 34 |  |  | 100 | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — | %
Collateralized loan obligations | (1) |  |  | 806 |  |  | 100 | % |  | (1) |  |  | 77 |  |  | 99 | %
Other asset-backed securities | (8) |  |  | 1,250 |  |  | 99 | % |  | (3) |  |  | 81 |  |  | 96 | %
Corporate and other | (8) |  |  | 500 |  |  | 98 | % |  | — |  |  | 26 |  |  | 100 | %
Total fixed maturities | $ | (23) |  |  | $ | 3,270 |  |  | 99 | % |  | $ | (5) |  |  | $ | 226 |  |  | 98 | %
At March 31, 2022, the gross unrealized losses on fixed maturities of $220 million relate to 1,128 securities. Investment grade securities (as determined by nationally recognized rating agencies) represented approximately 94% of the gross unrealized loss and 95% of the fair value. To evaluate fixed maturities for expected credit losses (impairment), management considers whether the unrealized loss is credit-driven or a result of changes in market interest rates, the extent to which fair value is less than cost basis, historical operating, balance sheet and cash flow data from the issuer, third party research and communications with industry specialists and discussions with issuer management. AFG analyzes its MBS securities for expected credit losses (impairment) each quarter based upon expected future cash flows. Management estimates expected future cash flows based upon its knowledge of the MBS market, cash flow projections (which reflect loan to collateral values, subordination, vintage and geographic concentration) received from independent sources, implied cash flows inherent in security ratings and analysis of historical payment data. Management believes AFG will recover its cost basis (net of any allowance) in the securities with unrealized losses and that AFG has the ability to hold the securities until they recover in value and had no intent to sell them at March 31, 2022. Credit losses on available for sale fixed maturities are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows compared to amortized cost. Impairment losses are recognized through an allowance and recoveries of previously impaired amounts are recorded as an immediate reversal of all or a portion of the allowance. In addition, the allowance on available for sale fixed maturities cannot cause the amortized cost net of the allowance to be below fair value. Accordingly, future changes in the fair value of an impaired security (when the allowance was limited by the fair value) due to reasons other than issuer credit (e.g. changes in market interest rates) result in increases or decreases in the allowance, which are recorded through realized gains (losses) on securities. A progression of the allowance for expected credit losses on fixed maturity securities held by AFG’s continuing operations is shown below (in millions):
| Structured Securities (*) |  | Corporate and Other |  | Total
Balance at January 1, 2022 | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 9 |
Initial allowance for purchased securities with credit deterioration | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Provision for expected credit losses on securities with no previous allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Additions (reductions) to previously recognized expected credit losses | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |
Reductions due to sales or redemptions | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance at March 31, 2022 | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 7 |
Balance at January 1, 2021 | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 12 |
Initial allowance for purchased securities with credit deterioration | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Provision for expected credit losses on securities with no previous allowance | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Additions (reductions) to previously recognized expected credit losses | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |
Reductions due to sales or redemptions | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | (1) |
Balance at March 31, 2021 | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 10 |
(*)Includes mortgage-backed securities, collateralized loan obligations and other asset-backed securities. In the first three months of 2022 and 2021, AFG did not purchase any securities with expected credit losses. The table below sets forth the scheduled maturities of AFG’s available for sale fixed maturities as of March 31, 2022 (dollars in millions). Securities with sinking funds are reported at average maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain securities may be called or prepaid by the issuers.
| Amortized |  | Fair Value
Cost, net (*) |  | Amount |  | %
Maturity |  |  |  |  |
One year or less | $ | 923 |  |  | $ | 930 |  |  | 9 | %
After one year through five years | 2,572 |  |  | 2,539 |  |  | 23 | %
After five years through ten years | 825 |  |  | 816 |  |  | 8 | %
After ten years | 351 |  |  | 342 |  |  | 3 | %
| 4,671 |  |  | 4,627 |  |  | 43 | %
Collateralized loan obligations and other ABS (average life of approximately 3 years) | 4,626 |  |  | 4,551 |  |  | 42 | %
MBS (average life of approximately 5 years) | 1,650 |  |  | 1,631 |  |  | 15 | %
Total | $ | 10,947 |  |  | $ | 10,809 |  |  | 100 | %
(*)Amortized cost, net of allowance for expected credit losses. Certain risks are inherent in fixed maturity securities, including loss upon default, price volatility in reaction to changes in interest rates, and general market factors and risks associated with reinvestment of proceeds due to prepayments or redemptions in a period of declining interest rates. There were no investments in individual issuers that exceeded 10% of shareholders’ equity at March 31, 2022 or December 31, 2021. Net Investment Income The following table shows (in millions) investment income earned and investment expenses incurred in AFG’s continuing operations.
|  |  | Three months ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Investment income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities |  |  |  |  | $ | 80 |  |  | $ | 72 |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dividends |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |  | 8 |
Change in fair value (*) |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |  | 26 |
Equity in earnings of partnerships and similar investments |  |  |  |  | 133 |  |  | 78 |
Other |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |  | 6 |
Gross investment income |  |  |  |  | 234 |  |  | 190 |
Investment expenses |  |  |  |  | (4) |  |  | (2) |
Net investment income |  |  |  |  | $ | 230 |  |  | $ | 188 |
(*)Although the change in the fair value of the majority of AFG’s equity securities is recorded in realized gains (losses) on securities, AFG records holding gains and losses in net investment income on its portfolio of limited partnerships and similar investments that do not qualify for equity method accounting and certain other securities classified at purchase as “fair value through net investment income.” Realized gains (losses) and changes in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) from continuing operations included in AOCI related to fixed maturity securities are summarized as follows (in millions):
| Three months ended March 31, 2022 |  | Three months ended March 31, 2021
| Realized gains (losses) |  |  |  | Realized gains (losses) |  |
| Before Impairments |  | Impairment Allowance |  | Total |  | Change in Unrealized |  | Before Impairments |  | Impairment Allowance |  | Total |  | Change in Unrealized
Fixed maturities | $ | (4) |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (2) |  |  | $ | (311) |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (44) |
Equity securities | (13) |  |  | — |  |  | (13) |  |  | — |  |  | 77 |  |  | — |  |  | 77 |  |  | — |
Mortgage loans and other investments | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total pretax | (17) |  |  | 2 |  |  | (15) |  |  | (311) |  |  | 76 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 77 |  |  | (44) |
Tax effects | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 66 |  |  | (16) |  |  | — |  |  | (16) |  |  | 9 |
Net of tax | $ | (14) |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (12) |  |  | $ | (245) |  |  | $ | 60 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | (35) |
All equity securities other than those accounted for under the equity method are carried at fair value through net earnings. AFG recorded net holding gains (losses) on equity securities from continuing operations during the first three months of 2022 and 2021 on securities that were still owned at March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021 as follows (in millions):
|  |  | Three months ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Included in realized gains (losses) |  |  |  |  | $ | (13) |  |  | $ | 67 |
Included in net investment income |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |  | 26 |
|  |  |  |  | $ | (9) |  |  | $ | 93 |
Gross realized gains and losses (excluding changes in impairment allowance and mark-to-market of derivatives) on available for sale fixed maturity investment transactions from continuing operations consisted of the following (in millions):
| Three months ended March 31,
2022 |  | 2021
Gross gains | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 2 |
Gross losses | — |  |  | (1) |
Derivatives Designated and Qualifying as Cash Flow Hedges As of March 31, 2022, AFG has five active interest rate swaps that are designated and qualify as highly effective cash flow hedges to mitigate interest rate risk related to certain floating-rate securities included in AFG’s portfolio of fixed maturity securities. The purpose of each of these swaps is to effectively convert a portion of AFG’s floating-rate fixed maturity securities to fixed rates by offsetting the variability in cash flows attributable to changes in short-term LIBOR. Under the terms of the swaps, AFG receives fixed-rate interest payments in exchange for variable interest payments based on short-term LIBOR. The notional amounts of the interest rate swaps generally decline over each swap’s respective life (the swaps expire between January 2025 and July 2027) in anticipation of the expected decline in AFG’s portfolio of fixed maturity securities with floating interest rates based on short-term LIBOR. The total outstanding notional amount of AFG’s interest rate swaps was $408 million at March 31, 2022, all of which were entered into in the first three months of 2022. The fair value of the interest rate swaps, all of which were in a liability position and included in other liabilities at March 31, 2022, was $5 million. The net unrealized gain or loss on cash flow hedges is included in AOCI, net of deferred taxes. The amount reclassified from AOCI (before taxes) to net earnings was income of $1 million for the first three months of 2022. A collateral receivable supporting these swaps of $15 million at March 31, 2022 is included in other assets in AFG’s Balance Sheet.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for investments in certain debt and equity securities. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 942 -SubTopic 320 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2209399 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 946 -SubTopic 320 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2324412 Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 320 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2196928 Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 940 -SubTopic 320 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2176304 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher SEC -Name Regulation S-K (SK) -Number 229 -Section 1403 -Paragraph (b) + Details
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