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Income and Mining Taxes | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
INCOME AND MINING TAXES | INCOME AND MINING TAXES The following table summarizes the components of Income and mining tax (expense) benefit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 by significant jurisdiction:
| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
In thousands | Income (loss) before tax | Tax (expense) benefit |  | Income (loss) before tax | Tax (expense) benefit |  | Income (loss) before tax | Tax (expense) benefit |  | Income (loss) before tax | Tax (expense) benefit
United States | $ | (22,674) |  | $ | (1,565) |  |  | $ | (59,012) |  | $ | (74) |  |  | $ | (83,994) |  | $ | (4,847) |  |  | $ | (154,263) |  | $ | (2,270) |
Canada | (9,345) |  | — |  |  | (8,960) |  | — |  |  | (23,049) |  | — |  |  | (22,859) |  | (21) |
Mexico | 17,111 |  | (4,532) |  |  | 12,178 |  | (1,809) |  |  | 56,045 |  | (21,824) |  |  | 64,847 |  | (12,788) |
Other jurisdictions | (104) |  | — |  |  | 233 |  | — |  |  | (438) |  | — |  |  | 158 |  | — |
| $ | (15,012) |  | $ | (6,097) |  |  | $ | (55,561) |  | $ | (1,883) |  |  | $ | (51,436) |  | $ | (26,671) |  |  | $ | (112,117) |  | $ | (15,079) |
During the third quarter of 2023, the Company reported estimated income and mining tax expense of approximately $6.1 million, resulting in an effective tax rate of (40.6)%. This compares to income tax expense of $1.9 million for an effective tax rate of (3.4)% during the third quarter of 2022. The comparability of the Company’s income and mining tax (expense) benefit and effective tax rate for the reported periods was impacted by multiple factors, primarily: (i) variations in our income before income taxes; (ii) geographic distribution of that income; (iii) mining taxes; (iv) foreign exchange rate; (v) the sale of non-core assets; (vi) percentage depletion; and (vii) the impact of uncertain tax positions. Therefore, the effective tax rate will fluctuate, sometimes significantly, period to period. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not that the related tax benefits will not be realized. The Company analyzes its deferred tax assets and, if it is determined that the Company will not realize all or a portion of its deferred tax assets, it will record or increase a valuation allowance. Conversely, if it is determined that the Company ultimately will be more likely than not able to realize all or a portion of the related benefits for which a valuation allowance has been provided, all or a portion of the related valuation allowance will be reduced. There are a number of factors that impact the Company’s ability to realize its deferred tax assets. For additional information, please see the section titled “Risk Factors” in the 2022 10-K. The Company or one of its subsidiaries files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various state and foreign jurisdictions. The statute of limitations remains open from 2019 forward for the U.S. federal jurisdiction and from 2016 forward for certain other foreign jurisdictions. As a result of statutes of limitation that will begin to expire within the next twelve months in various jurisdictions and possible settlements of audit-related issues with taxing authorities in various jurisdictions with respect to which none of the issues are individually significant, the Company believes that it is reasonably possible that the total amount of its net unrecognized income tax benefits will decrease by less than $0.1 million in the next twelve months. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the unrecognized tax benefits and accrued income-tax-related interest and penalties were not significant. The Company’s continuing practice is to recognize potential interest and/or penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as part of its income tax expense.

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