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FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISKS MANAGEMENT (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [abstract]  
Schedule of financial instruments by category
All transactions with financial instruments are recognized for accounting purposes and classified in the following categories:
Note12/31/202412/31/2023
Assets
Amortized cost
Cash and cash equivalents59,018,818 8,345,871 
Marketable securities6 
Trade accounts receivable79,132,860 6,848,454 
Other assets (1)

628,275 737,222 

18,779,953 15,931,547
Fair value through other comprehensive income

Investments14.11,138,066 23,606 

1,138,066 23,606
Fair value through profit or loss

Derivative financial instruments4.5.13,887,100 4,430,454 
Marketable securities613,363,511 13,267,286 

17,250,611 17,697,740

37,168,630 33,652,893
Liabilities

Amortized cost

Trade accounts payable176,033,285 5,572,219 
Loans, financing and debentures18.1101,435,531 77,172,692 
Lease liabilities19.26,972,915 6,243,782 
Liabilities for assets acquisitions and subsidiaries23120,490 187,187 
Dividends and interests on own capital payable

2,200,917 1,316,528 
Other liabilities (1)

143,330 116,716 

116,906,468 90,609,124
Fair value through profit or loss

Derivative financial instruments4.5.110,454,820 2,436,072 

10,454,820 2,436,072

127,361,288 93,045,196

90,192,658 59,392,303
(1)Does not include items not classified as financial instruments.
Summary of estimated fair value of loans and financing
The estimated fair values of loans and financing are set forth below:
Yield used to discount/methodology12/31/202412/31/2023
Quoted in the secondary market
In foreign currency

BondsSecondary Market48,734,909 38,703,379 
Estimated present value
In foreign currency
Export credits (“Prepayment”)SOFR22,740,891 17,783,760 
Assets FinancingSOFR422,115 278,107 
ECA - Export Credit AgencySOFR864,202 
IFC - International Finance CorporationSOFR6,261,715 3,198,761 
Panda Bonds - CNHFixed951,125 
In local currency
BNDES – TJLPDI 1171,109 215,458 
BNDES – TLPDI 13,275,012 2,712,762 
BNDES – FixedDI 1 3,903 
BNDES – TRDI 133,466 
BNDES – Selic (“Special Settlement and Custody System”)DI 1645,139 686,798 
BNDES – UMBNDESDI 2106,966 
Assets FinancingDI 160,566 75,622 
DebenturesDI 1/IPCA12,002,992 8,881,277 
NCE (“Export Credit Notes”) DI 1108,308 110,396 
NCR (“Rural Credit Notes”)DI 12,424,457 2,228,806 
Export credits (“Prepayment”)DI 1 824,035 
98,802,972 75,703,064
Schedule of contractual maturities of financial liabilities
12/31/2024
Book valueUndiscounted cash flowUp to 1 year1 - 2 years2 - 5 yearsMore than 5 years
Liabilities
Trade accounts payables6,033,285 6,033,285 6,033,285 
Loans, financing and debentures 101,435,531 142,028,543 13,599,011 14,235,170 50,858,667 63,335,695 
Lease liabilities6,972,915 12,099,294 1,302,590 1,176,832 3,094,493 6,525,379 
Liabilities for asset acquisitions and subsidiaries120,490 146,082 23,425 22,400 100,257 
Derivative financial instruments 10,454,820 13,878,150 1,676,180 957,540 1,489,357 9,755,073 
Dividends and interests on own capital payable2,200,917 2,200,917 2,200,917 
Other liabilities143,330 143,330 60,892 82,438 
127,361,288 176,529,601 24,896,300 16,474,380 55,542,774 79,616,147 
12/31/2023
Book
value
Undiscounted cash flowUp to 1 year1 - 2 years2 - 5 yearsMore than 5 years
Liabilities
Trade accounts payables5,572,219 5,572,219 5,572,219 
Loans, financing and debentures 77,172,692 105,526,852 7,648,237 12,983,542 31,355,362 53,539,711 
Lease liabilities6,243,782 11,021,519 1,172,568 1,045,795 2,743,793 6,059,363 
Liabilities for asset acquisitions and subsidiaries187,187 215,891 94,948 18,314 87,520 15,109 
Derivative financial instruments 2,436,072 2,801,258 66,433 1,278,953 1,191,014 264,858 
Dividends and interests on own capital payable1,316,528 1,316,528 1,316,528 
Other liabilities116,716 116,716 58,955 57,761 
93,045,196126,570,98315,929,88815,384,36535,377,68959,879,041
Analysis of credit exposures using internal credit grading system
The risk classification of trade accounts receivable is set forth below:
Consolidated
12/31/202412/31/2023
Low (1)
8,899,516 6,549,975 
Average (2)
174,048 156,883 
High (3)89,596 173,558 
9,163,160 6,880,416
1) Current and overdue up to 30 days.
2) Overdue between 30 and 90 days.
3) Overdue more than 90 days.
Schedule of the book value of financial assets representing the exposure to credit risk
The book value of financial assets representing exposure to credit risk is set forth below:
Consolidated
12/31/202412/31/2023
Cash and cash equivalents9,018,818 8,345,871 
Marketable securities13,363,511 13,267,286 
Derivative financial instruments (1)
3,887,100 4,199,982 
26,269,429 25,813,139
1) Does not include the derivative embedded in a forest partnership agreement for the supply of standing wood, which is not a transaction with a financial institution.
Analysis Of Credit Exposures Using External Credit Grading System Explanatory
The counterparties, mainly financial institutions, with whom the transactions are performed classified under cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and derivatives financial instruments, are rated by the main ratings agencies. The risk ratings are set forth below:
Cash and cash equivalents and marketable securitiesDerivative financial instruments
12/31/202412/31/202312/31/202412/31/2023
Risk rating (1)
AAA232,908 878,241 
AA-286,906 1,007,537 
A+148,029 136,864 
A 55,547 
brAAA20,830,651 20,856,072 2,747,948 1,682,513 
brAA+658,880 511,589  439,280 
brAA755 6,565  
brAA-19 2,169  
brA31,504  
brBBB-3  
brBB710 1,132  
brBB-750,359 385 156,450 
Others109,448 235,242 314,859 
22,382,329 21,613,1573,887,100 4,199,982
1) We use the Brazilian Risk Ratings issued by the agencies Fitch Ratings, Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s.
Schedule of net exposure of assets and liabilities in foreign currency
The assets and liabilities that are exposed to foreign currency, substantially in US$, are set forth below:
12/31/202412/31/2023
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents6,496,039 6,432,557 
Marketable securities70,255 7,378,277 
Trade accounts receivable7,090,160 5,049,609 
Derivative financial instruments3,887,100 3,070,594 
17,543,554 21,931,037
Liabilities
Trade accounts payable(1,350,763)(1,625,011)
Loans and financing(83,004,915)(61,304,673)
Liabilities for asset acquisitions and subsidiaries(93,308)(127,598)
Derivative financial instruments(10,448,379)(1,867,882)
(94,897,365)(64,925,164)
(77,353,811)(42,994,127)
Summary of sensitivity analysis
The following table set forth the potential impacts at their absolute amounts:
12/31/2024
Effect on profit or loss
Probable (base value)Possible (25%)Remote (50%)
Cash and cash equivalents6,496,039 1,624,010 3,248,020 
Marketable securities70,255 17,564 35,128 
Trade accounts receivable7,090,160 1,772,540 3,545,080 
Trade accounts payable(1,350,763)(337,691)(675,382)
Loans and financing(83,004,915)(20,751,229)(41,502,458)
Liabilities for asset acquisitions and subsidiaries(93,308)(23,327)(46,654)
The following table set out the possible impacts assuming these scenarios:
12/31/2024
Effect on profit or loss
Probable (base value)Possible 25%Remote 50%
Dollar/Real
Derivative financial instruments
Derivative options(4,328,970)(9,226,995)(19,121,860)
Derivative swaps(1,843,087)(2,604,422)(4,992,835)
Derivative Non-Deliverable Forward (‘NDF’) Contracts(331,876)(896,742)(1,788,477)
Embedded derivatives(80,759)(183,663)(367,326)
Commodity Derivatives16,973 4,236 8,478 
The following table set forth the possible impacts assuming these scenarios in absolute amounts:
12/31/2024
Effect on profit or loss
ProbablePossible (25%)Remote (50%)
CDI/SELIC
Cash and cash equivalents2,422,308 73,578 147,155 
Marketable securities13,293,256 403,783 807,565 
Loans and financing9,290,595 282,202 564,404 
TJLP/TLP
Loans and financing202,961 3,770 7,540 
SOFR
Loans and financing28,534,005 320,294 640,588 
The following table sets out the possible impacts of these assumed scenarios:
12/31/2024
Effect on profit or loss
ProbableProbable 25%Remote 50%
CDI
Derivative financial instruments
Liabilities
Derivative options(4,328,970)(943,363)(1,868,091)
Derivative swaps(1,843,087)(91,012)(178,459)
SOFR
Derivative financial instruments
Liabilities
Derivative swaps(1,843,087)(136,036)(261,559)
The following table sets out the possible impacts, assuming these scenarios in absolute amounts:
12/31/2024
Effect on profit or loss
Probable (base value)Possible (25%)Remote (50%)
Embedded derivative in a commitment to purchase standing wood, originating from a forest partnership agreement(80,759)(32,607)(66,859)
Summary of yield curves used to calculate fair value of derivative financial instruments
The yield curves used to calculate the fair value as of December 31, 2024 are as set forth below:
Interest rate curves
Term
Brazil (1)
United States of America (2)
US Dollar coupon (1)
1M
12.15% p.a
4.33% p.a
8.46% p.a
6M
14.19% p.a
4.25% p.a
6.37% p.a
1Y
15.41% p.a
4.17% pa.
6.41% p.a
2Y
15.94% p.a
4.16% p.a
6.29% p.a
3Y
15.89% p.a
4.21% pa.
6.22% p.a
5Y
15.60% p.a
4.36% p.a
6.41% p.a
10Y
14.96% p.a
4.88% p.a
7.31% p.a
1) Source: B3
2) Source: Bloomberg
Schedule of derivatives by type of contract
The positions of outstanding derivatives are set forth below:
Notional value, net in U.S.$Fair value in R$
12/31/202412/31/202312/31/202412/31/2023
Instruments as part of cash flow protection strategy
Cash flow hedge
Zero Cost Collar6,852,200 4,500,200 (4,328,970)1,968,337 
NDF (R$ x US$)581,000 505,000 (331,876)162,776 
NDF (€ x US$)262,088 100,362 
Debt hedges
Swap SOFR to Fixed (US$)1,973,705 2,555,626 394,129 741,492 
Swap IPCA to CDI (notional in Brazilian Reais)8,128,395 4,274,397 (825,899)47,645 
Swap CNH to Fixed (US$)165,815 (6,440)
Swap CDI x Fixed (US$)909,612 1,025,000 (776,261)(1,081,964)
Pre-fixed Swap R$ to US$ (US$)200,000 (203,045)
Swap CDI x SOFR (US$)610,171 125,000 (590,764)25,774 
Swap SOFR to SOFR (US$)150,961 150,961 (37,850)(16,615)
Commodity Hedge
Swap US$ e US-CPI (1)
138,439 131,510 (80,759)230,471 
Zero Cost Collar (Brent)163,941 163,100 6,097 (3,148)
Swap VLSFO/Brent39,706 142,794 10,873 22,297 
(6,567,720)1,994,382
Current assets1,006,427 2,676,526 
Non-current assets2,880,673 1,753,928 
Current liabilities(2,760,273)(578,763)
Non-current liabilities(7,694,547)(1,857,309)
(6,567,720)1,994,382
(1)The embedded derivative refers to a swap contract for the sale of price variations in US$ and US-CPI within the term of a forest partnership with a standing wood supply contract.
Schedule of fair value by maturity
12/31/202412/31/2023
2025(1,753,846)2,097,763 
2026(1,699,768)233,072 
2027(36,905)(574,871)
2028 onwards(3,077,201)238,418 
(6,567,720)1,994,382
Schedule of long and short positions of outstanding derivatives
The outstanding derivatives positions are set forth below:
Notional valueFair value in R$
Currency12/31/202412/31/202312/31/202412/31/2023
Debt hedges
Assets
Swap CDI to FixedUS$4,748,394 3,898,011 1,482,759 223,776 
Swap Pre-Fixed to US$ US$ 738,800  
Swap SOFR to Fixed US$ 1,973,705 2,555,626 424,824 1,104,984 
Swap IPCA to CDIR$8,382,699 4,320,471 927,586 161,542 
Swap CDI to SOFRUS$3,117,625 644,850 754,173 32,560 
Swap CNH to FixedCNH1,200,000  
Swap SOFR to SOFRUS$150,961 150,961 4,949 6,681 
3,594,291 1,529,543
Liabilities
Swap CDI to Fixed US$ 909,612 1,025,000 (2,259,020)(1,305,740)
Swap Pre-Fixed to US$ US$  200,000  (203,045)
Swap SOFR to Fixed US$ 1,973,705 2,555,626 (30,695)(363,492)
Swap IPCA to CDIR$8,128,395 4,274,397 (1,753,485)(113,897)
Swap CDI to SOFRUS$610,171 125,000 (1,344,937)(6,786)
Swap CNH to FixedCNH165,815 (6,440)
Swap SOFR to SOFRUS$ 150,961 150,961 (42,799)(23,296)
(5,437,376)(2,016,256)
(1,843,085)(486,713)
Cash flow hedge
Zero Cost Collar (US$ x R$)US$ 6,852,200 4,500,200 (4,328,970)1,968,337 
NDF (R$ x US$)US$ 581,000 505,000 (331,876)162,776 
NDF (€ x US$)US$  262,088  100,362 
(4,660,846)2,231,475
 Commodity hedge
Swap US-CPI (standing wood) (1)US$138,439 131,510 (80,759)230,471 
Zero Cost Collar (Brent)US$163,941 163,100 6,097 (3,148)
Swap VLSFO/BrentUS$39,706 142,794 10,873 22,297 
(63,789)249,620
(6,567,720)1,994,382
(1)The embedded derivative refers to the swap contracts for selling price variations in US$ and the US-CPI in forest partnership with a standing wood supply contract.
Schedule of fair value settled derivatives
The settled derivatives positions are set forth below:
12/31/202412/31/2023
Cash flow hedge
Zero Cost Collar (R$ x US$)645,759 2,987,953 
NDF (R$ x US$)(68,695)155,458 
NDF (€ x US$)73,781 84,332 

650,845 3,227,743

Commodity Hedge 89,327 80,516 
Swap VLSFO/other89,327 80,516

Debt hedges
Swap CDI to Fixed (US$)(1,635,058)(438,417)
Swap IPCA to CDI (Brazilian Reais)(59,243)256,683 
Swap IPCA to Fixed (US$) 21,139 
Swap Pre-Fixed to US$(221,462)(104,827)
Swap SOFR to SOFR2,199 
Swap CDI to SOFR (US$)19,074 7,729 
Swap SOFR to Fixed (US$)603,737 508,720 

(1,290,753)251,027

(550,581)3,559,286
Disclosure of Fair Value Hierarchy
For the year ended December 31, 2024, there were no changes between the levels of hierarchy and no transfers between levels 1, 2 and 3.
12/31/2024
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Assets
At fair value through profit or loss
Derivative financial instruments3,887,100 3,887,100 
Marketable securities1,203,776 12,159,735 13,363,511 
1,203,776 16,046,835  17,250,611 
At fair value through other comprehensive income



Other investments (note 14.1)1,138,066 1,138,066 
  1,138,066 1,138,066 






Biological assets 22,283,001 22,283,001 
  22,283,001 22,283,001 
Total assets1,203,776 16,046,835 23,421,067 40,671,678 
Liabilities






At fair value through profit or loss





Derivative financial instruments 10,454,820 10,454,820 
 10,454,820  10,454,820 
 10,454,820  10,454,820 
12/31/2023
Level 2Level 3Total
Assets
At fair value through profit or loss
Derivative financial instruments4,430,454  4,430,454 
Marketable securities13,267,286  13,267,286 
17,697,74017,697,740
At fair value through other comprehensive income



Other investments - (note 14.1) 23,606 23,606 
23,60623,606
Biological assets 18,278,582 18,278,582 
18,278,58218,278,582
Total assets17,697,74018,302,18835,999,928
Liabilities
At fair value through profit or loss
Derivative financial instruments2,436,072  2,436,072 
2,436,0722,436,072
Total liabilities2,436,0722,436,072