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Financial instruments and risk management (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2025

Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]

Financial Instruments - Classification

			Note						06/30/2025						12/31/2024
Assets
Amortized cost
Cash and cash equivalents			5						12,283,589						9,018,818
Trade accounts receivable			7						7,287,028						9,132,860
Other assets (1)									682,051						628,275
									20,252,668						18,779,953
Fair value through other comprehensive income
Investments			14.1						931,722						1,138,066
									931,722						1,138,066
Fair value through profit or loss
Derivative financial instruments			4.5.1						5,156,340						3,887,100
Marketable securities			6						8,503,950						13,363,511
									13,660,290						17,250,611
									34,844,680						37,168,630
Liabilities
Amortized cost
Trade accounts payable			17						5,951,839						6,033,285
Loans, financing and debentures			18.1						91,627,156						101,435,531
Lease liabilities			19.2						6,787,997						6,972,915
Liabilities for assets acquisitions and subsidiaries			23						112,535						120,490
Dividends and interests on own capital payable									1,997						2,200,917
Other liabilities (1)									155,829						143,330
									104,637,353						116,906,468
Fair value through profit or loss
Derivative financial instruments			4.5.1						5,650,833						10,454,820
									5,650,833						10,454,820
									110,288,186						127,361,288
									75,443,506						90,192,658

Financial Instruments - Fair Value

			Yield used to discount/methodology						06/30/2025						12/31/2024
Quoted in the secondary market
In foreign currency
Bonds			Secondary Market						42,872,554						48,734,909
Estimated present value
In foreign currency
Export credits (“Prepayment”)			SOFR						19,618,606						22,740,891
Assets Financing			SOFR						331,481						422,115
IFC - International Finance Corporation			SOFR						5,581,088						6,261,715
ECA - Export Credit Agency			SOFR						769,830						864,202
Panda Bonds - CNY			Fixed						907,067						951,125
In local currency
BNDES – TJLP			DI 1						136,792						171,109
BNDES – TLP			DI 1						3,530,603						3,275,012
BNDES – TR			DI 1						36,792						33,466
BNDES – Selic (“Special Settlement and Custody System”)			DI 1						616,896						645,139
BNDES – UMBNDES			DI 2						109,980						106,966
Assets Financing			DI 1						56,446						60,566
Debentures			DI 1/IPCA						11,866,426						12,002,992
NCE (“Export Credit Notes”)			DI 1						106,600						108,308
NCR (“Rural Credit Notes”)			DI 1						5,298,162						2,424,457
ECO INVEST – Agroindustrial Credit			DI 1						332,382
									92,171,705						98,802,972

Financial Instrument - Liquidity risk

																																	06/30/2025
			Book value						Undiscounted cash flow						Up to 1 year						1 - 2 years						2 - 5 years						More than 5 years
Liabilities
Trade accounts payables			5,951,839						5,951,839						5,951,839
Loans, financing and debentures			91,627,156						130,146,121						6,628,876						21,331,688						42,346,732						59,838,825
Lease liabilities			6,787,997						12,481,884						1,978,922						1,173,974						3,061,598						6,267,390
Liabilities for asset acquisitions and subsidiaries			112,535						134,678						20,643						19,740						94,295
Derivative financial instruments			5,650,833						8,359,856						447,323						485,387						1,415,834						6,011,312
Dividends and interests on own capital payable			1,997						1,997						1,997
Other liabilities			155,829						155,829						48,184						107,645
			110,288,186						157,232,204						15,077,784						23,118,434						46,918,459						72,117,527

																																	12/31/2024
			Book value						Undiscounted cash flow						Up to 1 year						1 - 2 years						2 - 5 years						More than 5 years
Liabilities
Trade accounts payables			6,033,285						6,033,285						6,033,285
Loans, financing and debentures			101,435,531						142,028,543						13,599,011						14,235,170						50,858,667						63,335,695
Lease liabilities			6,972,915						12,099,294						1,302,590						1,176,832						3,094,493						6,525,379
Liabilities for asset acquisitions and subsidiaries			120,490						146,082						23,425						22,400						100,257
Derivative financial instruments			10,454,820						13,878,150						1,676,180						957,540						1,489,357						9,755,073
Dividends and interests on own capital payable			2,200,917						2,200,917						2,200,917
Other liabilities			143,330						143,330						60,892						82,438
			127,361,288						176,529,601						24,896,300						16,474,380						55,542,774						79,616,147

Financial Instruments - Exchange rate risk management

			06/30/2025						12/31/2024
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents			9,057,082						6,496,039
Marketable securities			1,115,185						70,255
Trade accounts receivable			5,585,594						7,090,160
Derivative financial instruments			3,462,240						3,887,100
			19,220,101						17,543,554
Liabilities
Trade accounts payable			(1,549,258)						(1,350,763)
Loans and financing			(69,843,971)						(83,004,915)
Liabilities for asset acquisitions and subsidiaries			(84,462)						(93,308)
Derivative financial instruments			(3,585,475)						(10,448,379)
			(75,063,166)						(94,897,365)
			(55,843,065)						(77,353,811)

Financial Instruments - sensitivity analysis

			06/30/2025
									Effect on profit or loss
			Probable (base value)						Possible (25%)						Remote (50%)
Cash and cash equivalents			9,057,082						2,264,271						4,528,541
Marketable securities			1,115,185						278,796						557,593
Trade accounts receivable			5,585,594						1,396,399						2,792,797
Trade accounts payable			(1,549,258)						(387,315)						(774,629)
Loans and financing			(69,843,971)						(17,460,993)						(34,921,986)
Liabilities for asset acquisitions and subsidiaries			(84,462)						(21,116)						(42,231)

06/30/2025

Effect on profit or loss

Probable (base value)

Possible (25%)

Remote (50%)

Embedded derivative in a commitment to purchase standing wood, originating from a forest partnership agreement

94,560

(28,823)

(59,056)

Financial Instruments - Sensitivity analysis foreign exchange - derivative

			06/30/2025
									Effect on profit or loss
			Probable (base value)						Possible 25%						Remote 50%
Dollar/Real
Derivative financial instruments
Derivative options			290,364						(6,463,834)						(14,873,219)
Derivative swaps			(873,359)						(2,591,116)						(5,096,080)
Derivative Non-Deliverable Forward (‘NDF’) Contracts			7,419						(115,804)						(232,931)
Embedded derivatives			94,560						(171,652)						(343,304)
Commodity Derivatives			(13,465)						(3,485)						(6,875)
Dollar/CNY
Derivative financial instruments
NDF parity derivatives			(14)						(3)						(6)

						Notional value, net in U.S.$												Fair value in R$
						06/30/2025						12/31/2024						06/30/2025						12/31/2024
Instruments as part of cash flow protection strategy
Cash flow hedge
Zero Cost Collar						6,844,400						6,852,200						290,364						(4,328,970)
NDF (R$ x US$)						90,000						581,000						7,419						(331,876)
NDF (CNY x US$)						1,500												(14)
Debt hedges
Swap SOFR x Fixed (US$)						1,576,482						1,973,705						112,139						394,129
Swap IPCA x CDI (notional in Brazilian Reais)						8,011,292						8,128,395						(517,031)						(825,899)
Swap CNY x Fixed (US$)						165,815						165,815						(311)						(6,440)
Swap CDI x Fixed (US$)						1,084,612						909,612						(351,438)						(776,261)
Pre-fixed Swap to CDI (notional in Brazilian Reais)						2,702,972												47,421
Swap CDI x SOFR (US$)						635,171						610,171						(164,140)						(590,764)
Swap SOFR x SOFR (US$)												150,961												(37,850)
Commodity Hedge
Swap US$ e US-CPI (1)						138,182						138,439						94,560						(80,759)
Zero Cost Collar (Brent)						306,998						163,941						(13,579)						6,097
Swap VLSFO/Brent						13,518						39,706						117						10,873
																		(494,493)						(6,567,720)
Current assets																		1,100,397						1,006,427
Non-current assets																		4,055,943						2,880,673
Current liabilities																		(1,044,493)						(2,760,273)
Non-current liabilities																		(4,606,340)						(7,694,547)
																		(494,493)						(6,567,720)

Financial Instruments - Fair Value Maturity

			06/30/2025						12/31/2024
2025			108,204						(1,753,846)
2026			355,770						(1,699,768)
2027			720,745						(36,905)
2028 onwards			(1,679,212)						(3,077,201)
			(494,493)						(6,567,720)

Financial Instruments - Outstanding assets and liabilities

												Notional value												Fair value in R$
						Currency						06/30/2025						12/31/2024						06/30/2025						12/31/2024
Debt hedges
Assets
Swap CDI to Fixed						US$						5,672,695						4,748,394						1,343,712						1,482,759
Swap SOFR to Fixed						US$						1,576,482						1,973,705						263,803						424,824
Swap IPCA to CDI						R$						8,508,353						8,382,699						877,583						927,586
Pre-fixed Swap to CDI						US$						2,700,000												355,628
Swap CDI to SOFR						US$						3,260,425						3,117,625						872,515						754,173
Swap CNY to Fixed						CNY						1,200,000						1,200,000						31,144
Swap SOFR to SOFR						US$												150,961												4,949
																								3,744,385						3,594,291
Liabilities
Swap CDI to Fixed						US$						1,084,612						909,612						(1,695,150)						(2,259,020)
Swap SOFR to Fixed						US$						1,576,482						1,973,705						(151,664)						(30,695)
Swap IPCA to CDI						R$						8,011,292						8,128,395						(1,394,614)						(1,753,485)
Pre-fixed Swap to CDI						US$						2,700,000												(308,207)
Swap CDI to SOFR						US$						635,171						610,171						(1,036,655)						(1,344,937)
Swap CNY to Fixed						US$						165,815						165,815						(31,455)						(6,440)
Swap SOFR to SOFR						US$												150,961												(42,799)
																								(4,617,745)						(5,437,376)
																								(873,360)						(1,843,085)
Cash flow hedge
Zero Cost Collar (US$ x R$)						US$						6,844,400						6,852,200						290,364						(4,328,970)
NDF (R$ x US$)						US$						90,000						581,000						7,419						(331,876)
NDF (CNY x US$)						US$						1,500												(14)
																								297,769						(4,660,846)
Commodity hedge
Swap US-CPI (standing wood) (1)						US$						138,182						138,439						94,560						(80,759)
Zero Cost Collar (Brent)						US$						306,998						163,941						(13,579)						6,097
Swap VLSFO/Brent						US$						13,518						39,706						117						10,873
																								81,098						(63,789)
																								(494,493)						(6,567,720)

Financial Instruments - Fair Value Settled

			06/30/2025						12/31/2024
Cash flow hedge
Zero Cost Collar (R$ x US$)			(102)						645,759
NDF (R$ x US$)			(19,000)						(68,695)
NDF (€ x US$)									73,781
			(19,102)						650,845
Commodity Hedge			5,495						89,327
Swap VLSFO/other			5,495						89,327
Debt hedges
Swap CDI to Fixed (US$)			198,033						(1,635,058)
Swap IPCA to CDI (Brazilian Reais)			(125,029)						(59,243)
Swap Pre-Fixed to US$									(221,462)
Swap SOFR to SOFR (US$)			1,504						2,199
Swap CDI to SOFR (US$)			79,748						19,074
Swap SOFR to Fixed (US$)			138,632						603,737
			292,888						(1,290,753)
			279,281						(550,581)

Financial Instruments - Fair Value Hierarchy

																								06/30/2025
						Level 1						Level 2						Level 3						Total
Assets
At fair value through profit or loss
Derivative financial instruments												5,156,340												5,156,340
Marketable securities						1,260,384						7,243,566												8,503,950
						1,260,384						12,399,906												13,660,290
At fair value through other comprehensive income
Other investments (note 14.1)						896,680												35,042						931,722
						896,680												35,042						931,722
Biological assets																		23,221,979						23,221,979
																		23,221,979						23,221,979
Total assets						2,157,064						12,399,906						23,257,021						37,813,991
Liabilities
At fair value through profit or loss
Derivative financial instruments												5,650,833												5,650,833
												5,650,833												5,650,833
												5,650,833												5,650,833

																					12/31/2024
			Level 1						Level 2						Level 3						Total
Assets
At fair value through profit or loss
Derivative financial instruments									3,887,100												3,887,100
Marketable securities			1,203,776						12,159,735												13,363,511
			1,203,776						16,046,835												17,250,611
At fair value through other comprehensive income
Other investments - (note 14.1)															38,196						1,138,066
			1,099,870												38,196						1,138,066
Biological assets															22,283,001						22,283,001
															22,283,001						22,283,001
Total assets			2,303,646						16,046,835						22,321,197						40,671,678
Liabilities
At fair value through profit or loss
Derivative financial instruments									10,454,820												10,454,820
									10,454,820												10,454,820
Total liabilities									10,454,820												10,454,820

Interest rate risk [member] | Financial instruments, excluding derivatives

Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]

Financial Instruments - sensitivity analysis

			06/30/2025
									Effect on profit or loss
			Probable						Possible (25%)						Remote (50%)
CDI/SELIC
Cash and cash equivalents			2,836,399						105,656						211,312
Marketable securities			5,803,142						217,055						434,111
Loans and financing			9,371,502						349,088						698,177
TJLP/TLP
Loans and financing			149,642						3,236						6,472
SOFR
Loans and financing			24,616,123						273,854						547,709

Interest rate risk [member] | Derivative financial instruments

Disclosure of detailed information about financial instruments [line items]

Financial Instruments - sensitivity analysis

06/30/2025

Effect on profit or loss

Probable

Probable 25%

Remote 50%

CDI

Derivative financial instruments

Liabilities

Derivative options

290,364

(575,729)

(1,103,722)

Derivative swaps

(873,359)

(412,617)

(770,990)

SOFR

Derivative financial instruments

Liabilities

Derivative swaps

(873,359)

(135,482)

(263,370)

X

- Definition

The disclosure of derivative financial instruments. [Refer: Derivatives [member]]

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