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Income taxes (Tables)
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [abstract]  
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [text block]
09/30/202512/31/2024
Tax loss carried forward957,193 796,831 
Negative tax basis of social contribution carried forward366,676 307,143 
Assets - temporary differences
Provision for judicial liabilities269,675 324,873 
Operating provisions548,502 515,779 
Provisions for other losses604,274 547,242 
Employee benefit plans252,482 245,331 
Exchange rate variations 3,292,458 7,385,034 
Derivatives losses (“MtM”)(1)
 2,230,835 
Amortization of fair value adjustments arising from business combinations621,887 625,745 
Unrealized profit on inventories193,958 539,157 
Leases (1)
509,775 606,944 
7,616,880 14,124,914 
 Liabilities - temporary differences
Goodwill - tax benefit on unamortized goodwill1,806,061 1,589,887 
Property, plant and equipment - deemed cost1,001,100 1,066,883 
Depreciation for tax-incentive reason (2)
684,771 733,640 
Capitalized loan costs942,023 947,482 
Fair value of biological assets1,005,141 1,317,095 
Deferred taxes, net of fair value adjustments 320,477 342,141 
Tax credits - gains from tax lawsuit (exclusion of ICMS from the PIS and COFINS basis)121,518 137,928 
Derivatives gains (“MtM”) (1)
166,879  
Provision of deferred taxes on results of subsidiaries abroad76,753  
Other temporary differences12,913 18,439 
6,137,636 6,153,495 
Non-current assets1,479,244 7,984,015 
Non-current liabilities 12,596 
(1)The Company presents a net balance of derivatives and leases, as gains and losses from deferred taxes are offset simultaneously. For the derivatives line, the passive temporary difference was R$2,731,725 and asset temporary difference of R$2,564,845 (passive temporary difference was R$1,321,614 and asset temporary difference of R$3,552,449 as of December 31, 2024). For the lease line, the passive temporary difference was R$1,771,769 and asset temporary difference was R$2,281,544 (passive temporary difference was R$1,763,847 and asset temporary difference was R$2,370,791 as of December 31, 2024).
(2)Tax depreciation is taken as a benefit only in the income tax calculation bases.
Summary of Tax Credit Carryforwards
 09/30/202512/31/2024
Tax loss carried forward3,828,772 3,187,324 
Negative tax basis of social contribution carried forward4,074,178 3,412,700 
Disclosure of deferred taxes [text block]
09/30/202512/31/2024
Opening balance7,971,419 533,836 
Tax loss carried forward160,362 (413,137)
Negative tax basis of social contribution carried forward59,533 (149,887)
Provision for judicial liabilities(55,198)715 
Operating provisions and other losses96,906 93,545 
Exchange rate variation (4,092,576)5,000,881 
Derivative (gains) losses (“MtM”)(2,397,714)2,908,925 
Amortization of fair value adjustments arising from business combinations 17,806 193 
Unrealized profit on inventories(345,199)387,579 
Leases(97,169)250,834 
Goodwill - tax benefit on unamortized goodwill(216,174)(288,233)
Property, plant and equipment - deemed cost65,783 70,600 
Depreciation accelerated for tax-incentive reason 48,869 66,217 
Capitalized loan costs5,459 (307,419)
Fair value of biological assets311,954 (201,663)
Deferred taxes on the results of subsidiaries abroad(76,753) 
Credits on exclusion of ICMS from the PIS/COFINS tax base16,410 12,763 
Other temporary differences5,526 5,670 
Closing balance1,479,244 7,971,419 
Disclosure of Reconciliation of Effects of Income Tax and Social Contribution on Profit or Loss
09/30/202509/30/2024
Net income (loss) before taxes20,276,673(1,970,690)
Income tax and social contribution benefit (expense) at statutory nominal rate of 34%(6,894,069)670,035
Tax effect on permanent differences
Impact of the taxation difference on profit of associates in Brazil and abroad (1)
(330,497)790,091
Equity method(41,185)(5,046)
Credit related to Reintegra Program8,6458,203
Director bonuses(26,950)(9,347)
Tax incentives (Note 12.3)263,762287,409
Other (additions)/exclusions permanent65,139(78,789)
(6,955,155)1,662,556
Income tax
Current(368,239)(742,824)
Deferred(4,753,737)1,996,752
(5,121,976)1,253,928
Social Contribution
Current(104,203)(297,815)
Deferred(1,728,976)706,443
(1,833,179)408,628
Income and social contribution benefits (expenses) on the period(6,955,155)1,662,556
(1)The difference in the taxation of subsidiaries is substantially due to the differences between the nominal tax rates in Brazil and those of subsidiaries located abroad.
Disclosure of Tax Incentives
12.3 Tax incentives
The Company benefits from a tax incentive for partial reduction of the income tax obtained from operations carried out in areas under the jurisdiction of the Northeast Development Superintendence (“SUDENE”) and the Superintendence of Amazon Development (“SUDAM”). The IRPJ reduction incentive is calculated based on the activity profits (exploitation profits) and considers the allocation of the operating profit based on the incentive production levels for each product.
Area/RegionsCompanyMaturity
Northeast Development Superintendence (“SUDENE”)


Aracruz (ES)

Portocel2030
Aracruz (ES)

Suzano2031
Imperatriz (MA)

Suzano2032
Mucuri (BA)

Suzano2032
São Luís (MA)

Itacel2033
Eunápolis (BA)
Veracel2033
Superintendence of Amazon Development (“SUDAM”)


Belém (PA)

Suzano2025