DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

The Company enters into derivative instruments such as futures, options, swaps, forward contracts and other derivative contracts primarily to manage its foreign currency exposure, obtain exposure to a particular financial market, for yield enhancement, or for trading and speculation. The Company accounts for its derivatives in accordance with FASB ASC Topic Derivatives and Hedging, which requires all derivatives to be recorded at fair value on the Company's balance sheet as either assets or liabilities, depending on the rights or obligations of the derivatives, with changes in fair value reflected in current earnings. The Company does not currently apply hedge accounting in respect of any positions reflected in its consolidated financial statements. Where the Company has entered into master netting agreements with counterparties, or the Company has the legal and contractual right to offset positions, the derivative positions are generally netted by counterparty and are reported accordingly in other assets and other liabilities.

The table below shows the location on the consolidated balance sheets and fair value of the Company’s principal derivative instruments:




	Derivative Assets
	June 30, 2012			December 31, 2011
	Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value
Interest rate futures	Other assets	$	2,301	Other assets	$	612
Foreign currency forward contracts (1)	Other assets	4,278		Other assets	—
Foreign currency forward contracts (2)	Other liabilities	3,359		Other liabilities	7,219
Foreign currency forward contracts (3)	Other assets	—		Other assets	387
Credit default swaps	Other assets	491		Other assets	—
Energy and weather contracts (4)	Other assets	27,516		Other assets	52,721
Total		$	37,945		$	60,939

	Derivative Liabilities
	June 30, 2012			December 31, 2011
	Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value
Interest rate futures	Other liabilities	$	289	Other liabilities	$	339
Foreign currency forward contracts (1)	Other liabilities	4,987		Other liabilities	11,754
Foreign currency forward contracts (2)	Other liabilities	3,684		Other liabilities	1,606
Foreign currency forward contracts (3)	Other assets	175		Other assets	—
Credit default swaps	Other liabilities	536		Other liabilities	539
Energy and weather contracts (4)	Other liabilities	13,522		Other liabilities	43,389
Total		$	23,193		$	57,627


(1)	Contracts used to manage foreign currency risks in underwriting and non-investment operations.


(2)	Contracts used to manage foreign currency risks in investment operations. Included in other liabilities are derivative assets of $3.4 million (December 31, 2011 – $7.2 million) which are netted with derivative liabilities of $3.7 million (December 31, 2011 – $1.6 million) under a master netting arrangements.


(3)	Contracts used to manage foreign currency risks in energy and risk operations.


(4)	Included in other assets is $56.8 million of derivative assets (December 31, 2011 – $104.6 million) and $29.3 million of derivative liabilities (December 31, 2011 – $51.9 million). Included in other liabilities is $5.2 million of derivative assets (December 31, 2011 – $8.8 million) and $18.7 million of derivative liabilities (December 31, 2011 – $52.2 million).

The location and amount of the gain (loss) recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations related to its derivative instruments is shown in the following table:




	Location of gain (loss) recognized on derivatives	Amount of gain (loss) recognized on derivatives
Three months ended June 30,		2012			2011
Interest rate futures	Net investment income	$	(2,847	)	$	(7,693	)
Foreign currency forward contracts (1)	Net foreign exchange gains (losses)	(2,183		)	9,208
Foreign currency forward contracts (2)	Net foreign exchange gains (losses)	1,899			(7,752		)
Foreign currency forward contracts (3)	Net foreign exchange gains (losses)	376			(212		)
Credit default swaps	Net investment income	(24		)	420
Energy and weather contracts	Other income (loss)	11,987			1,429
Total		$	9,208		$	(4,600	)




	Location of gain (loss) recognized on derivatives	Amount of gain (loss) recognized on derivatives
Six months ended June 30,		2012			2011
Interest rate futures	Net investment income	$	(1,817	)	$	(8,347	)
Foreign currency forward contracts (1)	Net foreign exchange gains (losses)	1,369			17,007
Foreign currency forward contracts (2)	Net foreign exchange gains (losses)	(2,349		)	(21,152		)
Foreign currency forward contracts (3)	Net foreign exchange gains (losses)	513			(648		)
Credit default swaps	Net investment income	534			1,142
Energy and weather contracts	Other income (loss)	(16,726		)	9,929
Platinum warrant	Other income (loss)	—			2,975
Total		$	(18,476	)	$	906


(1)	Contracts used to manage foreign currency risks in underwriting and non-investment operations.


(2)	Contracts used to manage foreign currency risks in investment operations.


(3)	Contracts used to manage foreign currency risks in energy and risk operations.

The Company is not aware of the existence of any credit-risk related contingent features that it believes would be triggered in its derivative instruments that are in a net liability position at June 30, 2012.

Interest Rate Futures

The Company uses interest rate futures within its portfolio of fixed maturity investments to manage its exposure to interest rate risk, which can include increasing or decreasing its exposure to this risk. At June 30, 2012, the Company had $360.2 million of notional long positions and $303.7 million of notional short positions of primarily Eurodollar, U.S. treasury and non-U.S. dollar futures contracts (December 31, 2011 – $3.2 billion and $285.7 million, respectively). The fair value of these derivatives is determined using exchange traded prices.

Foreign Currency Derivatives

The Company’s functional currency is the U.S. dollar. The Company writes a portion of its business in currencies other than U.S. dollars and may, from time to time, experience foreign exchange gains and losses in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. All changes in exchange rates, with the exception of non-U.S. dollar denominated investments classified as available for sale and non-monetary assets and liabilities, are recognized currently in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Underwriting Operations Related Foreign Currency Contracts

The Company’s foreign currency policy with regard to its underwriting operations is generally to hold foreign currency assets, including cash, investments and receivables that approximate the foreign currency liabilities, including claims and claim expense reserves and reinsurance balances payable. When necessary, the Company may use foreign currency forward and option contracts to minimize the effect of fluctuating foreign currencies on the value of non-U.S. dollar denominated assets and liabilities associated with its underwriting operations. The fair value of the Company's underwriting operations related foreign currency contracts is determined using indicative pricing obtained from counterparties or broker quotes. At June 30, 2012, the Company had outstanding underwriting related foreign currency contracts of $179.7 million in notional long positions and $503.4 million notional in short positions, denominated in U.S. dollars (December 31, 2011 – $160.5 million and $700.8 million, respectively).

Investment Portfolio Related Foreign Currency Forward Contracts

The Company’s investment operations are exposed to currency fluctuations through its investments in non-U.S. dollar fixed maturity investments, short term investments and other investments. To economically hedge its exposure to currency fluctuations from these investments, the Company has entered into foreign currency forward contracts. Foreign exchange gains (losses) associated with the Company’s hedging of these non-U.S. dollar investments are recorded in net foreign exchange (losses) gains in its consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of the Company's investment portfolio related foreign currency forward contracts is determined using an interpolated rate based on closing forward market rates. At June 30, 2012, the Company had outstanding investment portfolio related foreign currency contracts of $198.3 million in notional long positions and $284.6 million in notional short positions, denominated in U.S. dollars (December 31, 2011 – $48.1 million and $211.6 million, respectively).

Energy and Risk Operations Related Foreign Currency Contracts

The Company’s energy and risk operations are exposed to currency fluctuations through certain derivative transactions it enters into that are denominated in non-U.S. dollars. The Company may, from time to time, use foreign currency forward and option contracts to minimize the effect of fluctuating foreign currencies on the value of non-U.S. dollar denominated assets and liabilities associated with these operations. The fair value of the Company's energy and risk operations related foreign currency contracts is based on exchange traded prices. At June 30, 2012, the Company’s energy and risk operations had foreign currency contracts of $Nil in notional long positions and $16.7 million in notional short positions (December 31, 2011 – $7.8 million and $12.7 million, respectively).

Credit Derivatives

The Company’s exposure to credit risk is primarily due to its fixed maturity investments, short term investments, premiums receivable and reinsurance recoverable. From time to time, the Company purchases credit derivatives to hedge its exposures in the insurance industry, and to assist in managing the credit risk associated with ceded reinsurance. The Company also employs credit derivatives in its investment portfolio to either assume credit risk or hedge its credit exposure. The fair value of the credit derivatives is determined using industry valuation models, broker bid indications or internal pricing valuation techniques. The fair value of these credit derivatives can change based on a variety of factors including changes in credit spreads, default rates and recovery rates, the correlation of credit risk between the referenced credit and the counterparty, and market rate inputs such as interest rates. At June 30, 2012, the Company had outstanding credit derivatives of $15.0 million in notional long positions and $24.4 million in notional short positions, denominated in U.S. dollars (December 31, 2011 – $15.0 million and $38.1 million, respectively).

Energy and Weather-Related Derivatives

The Company regularly transacts in certain derivative-based risk management products primarily to address weather and energy risks and engages in hedging and trading activities related to these risks. The trading markets for these derivatives are generally linked to energy and agriculture commodities, weather and other natural phenomena. Currently, a percentage of the Company’s derivative-based risk management products are transacted on a dual-trigger basis combining weather or other natural phenomenon, with prices for commodities or securities related to energy or agriculture. The fair value of these contracts is obtained through the use of quoted market prices, or in the absence of such quoted prices, industry or internal valuation models. Generally, the Company’s current portfolio of such derivative contracts is of comparably short duration and such contracts are predominantly seasonal in nature. Over time, the Company currently expects that its participation in these markets, and the impact of these operations on its financial results, is likely to increase on both an absolute and relative basis.

As of the dates set forth below, the Company had the following gross derivative contract positions outstanding relating to its energy and weather derivatives trading activities.




	Quantity (1)
	June 30, 2012	December 31, 2011	Unit of measurement
Energy	170,095,670	240,363,364	One million British thermal units (“MMBTUs")
Temperature	24,141,394	14,917,438	$ per Degree Day Fahrenheit
Agriculture	29,798,000	6,098,000	Bushels
Precipitation	1,799,475	65,000	$ per Inch
Wind	146	712	$ per Meters per Second Hour


(1)	Represents the sum of gross long and gross short derivative contracts.

The Company uses, among other things, value-at-risk (“VaR”) analysis to monitor the risks associated with its energy and weather derivatives trading portfolio. VaR is a tool that measures the potential loss that could occur if the Company's trading positions were maintained over a defined period of time, calculated at a given statistical confidence level. Due to the seasonal nature of the Company's energy and weather derivatives trading activities, the VaR is based on a rolling two season (one-year) holding period assuming no dynamic trading during the holding period. A 99% confidence level is used for the VaR analysis. A 99% confidence level implies that within a one-year period, the potential loss in the Company's portfolio is not expected to exceed the VaR estimate in 99% of the possible modeled outcomes. In the remaining estimated 1% of the possible outcomes, the anticipated potential loss is expected to be higher than the VaR figure, and on average substantially higher.

The VaR model, based on a Monte Carlo simulation methodology, seeks to take into account correlations between different positions and potential for movements to offset one another within the portfolio. The expected value of the risk factors in the Company's portfolio is generally obtained from exchange-traded futures markets. For most of the risk factors, the volatility is derived from exchange-traded options markets. For those risk factors for which exchange-traded options might not exist, the volatility is based on historical analysis matched to broker quotes from the over-the-counter market, where available. The joint distribution of outcomes is based on our estimate of the historical seasonal dependence among the underlying risk factors, scaled to the current market levels. The Company then estimates the expected outcomes by applying a Monte Carlo simulation to these risk factors. The joint distribution of the simulated risk factors is then filtered through the portfolio positions, and then the distribution of the outcomes is realized. The 99^th percentile of this distribution is then calculated as the portfolio VaR. Among the significant limitations of this methodology is that the market data used to forecast parameters of the model may not be an appropriate proxy of those parameters. The VaR methodology uses a number of assumptions, such as (i) risks are measured under average market conditions, assuming normal distribution of market risk factors, (ii) future movements in market risk factors follow estimated historical movements, and (iii) the assessed exposures do not change during the holding period. We believe the VaR methodology has utility but do not derive absolute assurance from it. Accordingly, there is no guarantee that these assumptions will prove correct and actual outcomes may vary, perhaps substantially and adversely. The Company expects that, for any given period, its actual results will differ from its assumptions, including with respect to previously estimated potential losses and that such losses could be substantially higher than the estimated VaR.

At June 30, 2012, the estimated VaR for the Company's portfolio of energy and weather-related derivatives, as described above, calculated at an estimated 99% confidence level, was $42.0 million. The average, low and high amounts calculated by the Company's VaR analysis during the six months ended June 30, 2012 were $26.4 million, $13.0 million and $49.3 million, respectively.

At June 30, 2012, RenaissanceRe had provided guarantees in the aggregate amount of $354.3 million to certain counterparties of the weather and energy risk operations of Renaissance Trading. In the future, RenaissanceRe may issue guarantees for other purposes or increase the amount of guarantees issued to counterparties of Renaissance Trading.

Platinum Warrant

The Company held a warrant to purchase up to 2.5 million common shares of Platinum for $27.00 per share. The Company recorded its investment in the Platinum warrant at fair value. The fair value of the warrant was estimated using either the Black-Scholes option pricing model or the in-the-money value, the greater of which the Company considered the best estimate of the exit value of the warrant. On January 20, 2011, the Company sold its warrant to Platinum for an aggregate of $47.9 million, and recognized a $3.0 million gain on the sale, which is included in other income during the six months ended June 30, 2011.