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Bank Loans | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2020
Receivables [Abstract] |
Bank Loans | NOTE 7 – Bank Loans Our loan portfolio consists primarily of the following segments: Commercial and industrial (C&I). C&I loans primarily include commercial and industrial lending used for general corporate purposes, working capital and liquidity, and “event-driven." “Event-driven” loans support client merger, acquisition or recapitalization activities. C&I lending is structured as revolving lines of credit, letter of credit facilities, term loans and bridge loans. Risk factors considered in determining the allowance for corporate loans include the borrower’s financial strength, seniority of the loan, collateral type, leverage, volatility of collateral value, debt cushion, and covenants. Real Estate. Real estate loans include residential real estate non-conforming loans, residential real estate conforming loans, commercial real estate, and home equity lines of credit. The allowance methodology related to real estate loans considers several factors, including, but not limited to, loan-to-value ratio, FICO score, home price index, delinquency status, credit limits, and utilization rates. Securities-based loans. Securities-based loans allow clients to borrow money against the value of qualifying securities for any suitable purpose other than purchasing, trading, or carrying securities or refinancing margin debt. The majority of consumer loans are structured as revolving lines of credit and letter of credit facilities and are primarily offered through Stifel’s Pledged Asset ("SPA") program. The allowance methodology for securities-based lending considers the collateral type underlying the loan, including the liquidity and trading volume of the collateral, position concentration and other borrower specific factors such as personal guarantees. Construction and land. Short-term loans used to finance the development of a real estate project. Other. Other loans include consumer and credit card lending. The following table presents the balance and associated percentage of each major loan category in our bank loan portfolio at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands, except percentages):
|  | September 30, 2020 |  |  | December 31, 2019 |
|  | Balance |  |  | Percent |  |  | Balance |  |  | Percent |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 4,080,939 |  |  |  | 37.9 | % |  | $ | 3,438,953 |  |  |  | 35.3 | %
Residential real estate |  |  | 3,804,836 |  |  |  | 35.4 |  |  |  | 3,309,548 |  |  |  | 33.9 |
Securities-based loans |  |  | 1,841,516 |  |  |  | 17.1 |  |  |  | 2,098,211 |  |  |  | 21.5 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 386,957 |  |  |  | 3.6 |  |  |  | 428,549 |  |  |  | 4.4 |
Construction and land |  |  | 532,319 |  |  |  | 5.0 |  |  |  | 398,839 |  |  |  | 4.1 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 67,386 |  |  |  | 0.6 |  |  |  | 51,205 |  |  |  | 0.5 |
Other |  |  | 39,735 |  |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 27,311 |  |  |  | 0.3 |
Gross bank loans |  |  | 10,753,688 |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 9,752,616 |  |  |  | 100.0 | %
Unamortized loan discount, net |  |  | (2,260 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (6,588 | ) |  |  |  |
Loans in process |  |  | 13,398 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (27,717 | ) |  |  |  |
Unamortized loan fees, net |  |  | 47 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,310 |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses |  |  | (114,113 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (95,579 | ) |  |  |  |
Loans held for investment, net |  | $ | 10,650,760 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 9,624,042 |  |  |  |  |
At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, Stifel Bancorp had loans outstanding to its executive officers and directors and executive officers and directors of certain affiliated entities in the amount of $21.8 million and $24.5 million, respectively. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had loans held for sale of $281.5 million and $389.7 million, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, we recognized gains of $15.0 million and $4.5 million, respectively, from the sale of originated loans, net of fees and costs. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, we recognized gains of $28.0 million and $7.7 million, respectively, from the sale of originated loans, net of fees and costs. Effective January 1, 2020, we adopted the new accounting standard for credit losses that requires evaluation of our loan portfolio for any expected losses with recognition of an allowance for credit losses, when applicable. For more information, see Note 1 – Nature of Operations, Basis of Presentation, and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. Accrued interest receivable for loans and loans held for sale at September 30, 2020 was $18.6 million and is reported in other assets on the consolidated statement of financial condition. The following tables detail activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 (in thousands).
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 |
|  | Beginning Balance |  |  | Provision |  |  | Charge-offs |  |  | Recoveries |  |  | Ending Balance |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 65,503 |  |  | $ | 10,303 |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 75,809 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 24,043 |  |  |  | (6,360 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 17,683 |
Construction and land |  |  | 13,075 |  |  |  | (2,889 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,186 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 10,647 |  |  |  | (2,730 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,917 |
Securities-based loans |  |  | 1,807 |  |  |  | 95 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,902 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 499 |  |  |  | (205 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 87 |  |  |  | 381 |
Other |  |  | 247 |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | (22 | ) |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 235 |
|  | $ | 115,821 |  |  | $ | (1,777 | ) |  | $ | (23 | ) |  | $ | 92 |  |  | $ | 114,113 |
|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 |
|  | Beginning Balance |  |  | CECL Adoption |  |  | Provision |  |  | Charge-offs |  |  | Recoveries |  |  | Ending Balance |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 69,949 |  |  | $ | (19,940 | ) |  | $ | 25,949 |  |  | $ | (153 | ) |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 75,809 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 14,253 |  |  |  | 3,499 |  |  |  | (69 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 17,683 |
Construction and land |  |  | 4,613 |  |  |  | 2,674 |  |  |  | 2,899 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,186 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 3,564 |  |  |  | 791 |  |  |  | 3,562 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,917 |
Securities-based loans |  |  | 2,361 |  |  |  | 1,346 |  |  |  | (1,805 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,902 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 442 |  |  |  | 39 |  |  |  | (188 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 88 |  |  |  | 381 |
Other |  |  | 194 |  |  |  | 58 |  |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | (40 | ) |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 235 |
Unallocated |  |  | 203 |  |  |  | (203 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 95,579 |  |  | $ | (11,736 | ) |  | $ | 30,369 |  |  | $ | (193 | ) |  | $ | 94 |  |  | $ | 114,113 |
The provision for unfunded lending commitments was a credit of $3.0 million and an expense of $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively and are included in the provision for credit losses on the consolidated statement of operations. The expected credit losses for unfunded lending commitments, including standby letters of credit and binding unfunded loan commitments, are reported on the consolidated statement of financial condition in accounts payable and accrued expenses. The following table presents the recorded balances of loans and amount of allowance allocated based upon impairment method by portfolio segment at September 30, 2020 (in thousands):
|  | Allowance for Loan Losses |  |  | Recorded Investment in Loans |
|  | Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  |  | Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  |  | Total |  |  | Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  |  | Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  |  | Total |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 8,158 |  |  | $ | 67,651 |  |  | $ | 75,809 |  |  | $ | 13,084 |  |  | $ | 4,067,855 |  |  | $ | 4,080,939 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | 17,659 |  |  |  | 17,683 |  |  |  | 1,409 |  |  |  | 3,803,427 |  |  |  | 3,804,836 |
Securities-based loans |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,902 |  |  |  | 1,902 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,841,516 |  |  |  | 1,841,516 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,917 |  |  |  | 7,917 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 386,957 |  |  |  | 386,957 |
Construction and land |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,186 |  |  |  | 10,186 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 532,319 |  |  |  | 532,319 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | — |  |  |  | 381 |  |  |  | 381 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 67,386 |  |  |  | 67,386 |
Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | 235 |  |  |  | 235 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 39,735 |  |  |  | 39,735 |
|  | $ | 8,182 |  |  | $ | 105,931 |  |  | $ | 114,113 |  |  | $ | 14,493 |  |  | $ | 10,739,195 |  |  | $ | 10,753,688 |
The following tables detail activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 (in thousands).
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 |
|  | Beginning Balance |  |  | Provision |  |  | Charge-offs |  |  | Recoveries |  |  | Ending Balance |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 69,263 |  |  | $ | (1,070 | ) |  | $ | (21 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 68,172 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 12,042 |  |  |  | 519 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 12,562 |
Securities-based loans |  |  | 2,311 |  |  |  | (130 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,181 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 2,478 |  |  |  | 425 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,903 |
Construction and land |  |  | 2,402 |  |  |  | 865 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,267 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 421 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 435 |
Other |  |  | 179 |  |  |  | 38 |  |  |  | (35 | ) |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 195 |
Unallocated |  |  | 1,376 |  |  |  | 269 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,645 |
|  | $ | 90,472 |  |  | $ | 929 |  |  | $ | (56 | ) |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 91,360 |
|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 |
|  | Beginning Balance |  |  | Provision |  |  | Charge-offs |  |  | Recoveries |  |  | Ending Balance |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 68,367 |  |  | $ | (116 | ) |  | $ | (79 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 68,172 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 11,228 |  |  |  | 1,246 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 88 |  |  |  | 12,562 |
Securities-based loans |  |  | 1,978 |  |  |  | 203 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,181 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 1,778 |  |  |  | 1,125 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,903 |
Construction and land |  |  | 1,241 |  |  |  | 2,026 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,267 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 310 |  |  |  | 123 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 435 |
Other |  |  | 88 |  |  |  | 156 |  |  |  | (87 | ) |  |  | 38 |  |  |  | 195 |
Unallocated |  |  | 843 |  |  |  | 802 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,645 |
|  | $ | 85,833 |  |  | $ | 5,565 |  |  | $ | (166 | ) |  | $ | 128 |  |  | $ | 91,360 |
The following table presents the recorded balances of loans and amount of allowance allocated based upon impairment method by portfolio segment at December 31, 2019 (in thousands):
|  | Allowance for Loan Losses |  |  | Recorded Investment in Loans |
|  | Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  |  | Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  |  | Total |  |  | Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  |  | Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  |  | Total |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 8,158 |  |  | $ | 61,791 |  |  | $ | 69,949 |  |  | $ | 12,991 |  |  | $ | 3,425,962 |  |  | $ | 3,438,953 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | 14,229 |  |  |  | 14,253 |  |  |  | 1,412 |  |  |  | 3,308,136 |  |  |  | 3,309,548 |
Securities-based loans |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,361 |  |  |  | 2,361 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,098,211 |  |  |  | 2,098,211 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,564 |  |  |  | 3,564 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 428,549 |  |  |  | 428,549 |
Construction and land |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,613 |  |  |  | 4,613 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 398,839 |  |  |  | 398,839 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | — |  |  |  | 442 |  |  |  | 442 |  |  |  | 184 |  |  |  | 51,021 |  |  |  | 51,205 |
Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | 194 |  |  |  | 194 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 27,311 |  |  |  | 27,311 |
Unallocated |  |  | — |  |  |  | 203 |  |  |  | 203 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 8,182 |  |  | $ | 87,397 |  |  | $ | 95,579 |  |  | $ | 14,587 |  |  | $ | 9,738,029 |  |  | $ | 9,752,616 |
At September 30, 2020, we had $14.5 million of impaired loans, net of discounts, which included $0.2 million in troubled debt restructurings. The specific allowance on impaired loans at September 30, 2020 was $8.2 million. At December 31, 2019, we had $14.6 million of impaired loans, net of discounts, which included $0.2 million in troubled debt restructurings. The specific allowance on impaired loans at December 31, 2019 was $8.2 million. The gross interest income related to impaired loans, which would have been recorded, had these loans been current in accordance with their original terms, and the interest income recognized on these loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, were insignificant to the consolidated financial statements. In March 2020, the President signed into law the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”), which among other things, provided optional, temporary relief from accounting for certain loan modifications as troubled debt restructurings (TDRs). Under the CARES Act, TDR relief is available to banks for loan modifications related to the adverse effects of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic granted to borrowers that were current as of December 31, 2019. TDR relief applies to COVID-related modifications made from March 1, 2020, until the earlier of December 31, 2020, or 60 days following the termination of the national emergency declared by the President of the United States. We elected to apply the TDR relief provided by the CARES Act in the second quarter of 2020. The tables below present loans that were individually evaluated for impairment by portfolio segment at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, including the average recorded investment balance for the year to date period presented (in thousands):
|  | September 30, 2020 |
|  | Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance |  |  | Recorded Investment with No Allowance |  |  | Recorded Investment with Allowance |  |  | Total Recorded Investment |  |  | Related Allowance |  |  | Average Recorded Investment |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 13,084 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13,084 |  |  | $ | 13,084 |  |  | $ | 8,158 |  |  | $ | 13,085 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 1,409 |  |  |  | 1,249 |  |  |  | 160 |  |  |  | 1,409 |  |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | 1,499 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 61 |
Other |  |  | 150 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 14,643 |  |  | $ | 1,249 |  |  | $ | 13,244 |  |  | $ | 14,493 |  |  | $ | 8,182 |  |  | $ | 14,645 |
|  | December 31, 2019 |
|  | Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance |  |  | Recorded Investment with No Allowance |  |  | Recorded Investment with Allowance |  |  | Total Recorded Investment |  |  | Related Allowance |  |  | Average Recorded Investment |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 12,991 |  |  | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 12,940 |  |  | $ | 12,991 |  |  | $ | 8,158 |  |  | $ | 14,172 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 1,412 |  |  |  | 1,412 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,412 |  |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | 1,231 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 184 |  |  |  | 184 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 184 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 184 |
Other |  |  | 150 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 14,737 |  |  | $ | 1,647 |  |  | $ | 12,940 |  |  | $ | 14,587 |  |  | $ | 8,182 |  |  | $ | 15,587 |
The following tables present the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 by portfolio segment (in thousands):
|  | As of September 30, 2020 |
|  | 30 – 89 Days Past Due |  |  | 90 or More Days Past Due |  |  | Total Past Due |  |  | Current Balance |  |  | Total |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 144 |  |  | $ | 12,940 |  |  | $ | 13,084 |  |  | $ | 4,067,855 |  |  | $ | 4,080,939 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 3,290 |  |  |  | 1,337 |  |  |  | 4,627 |  |  |  | 3,800,209 |  |  |  | 3,804,836 |
Securities-based loans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,841,516 |  |  |  | 1,841,516 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 386,957 |  |  |  | 386,957 |
Construction and land |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 532,319 |  |  |  | 532,319 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 686 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 686 |  |  |  | 66,700 |  |  |  | 67,386 |
Other |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 39,710 |  |  |  | 39,735 |
Total |  | $ | 4,145 |  |  | $ | 14,277 |  |  | $ | 18,422 |  |  | $ | 10,735,266 |  |  | $ | 10,753,688 |
|  | As of September 30, 2020* |
|  | Non-Accrual |  |  | Restructured |  |  | Nonperforming loans with no allowance |  |  | Total |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 13,084 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13,084 |
Residential real estate |  |  | — |  |  |  | 160 |  |  |  | 1,249 |  |  |  | 1,409 |
Total |  | $ | 13,084 |  |  | $ | 160 |  |  | $ | 1,249 |  |  | $ | 14,493 |
* | There were no loans past due 90 days and still accruing interest at September 30, 2020.
|  | As of December 31, 2019 |
|  | 30 – 89 Days Past Due |  |  | 90 or More Days Past Due |  |  | Total Past Due |  |  | Current Balance |  |  | Total |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,940 |  |  | $ | 12,940 |  |  | $ | 3,426,013 |  |  | $ | 3,438,953 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 10,476 |  |  |  | 1,249 |  |  |  | 11,725 |  |  |  | 3,297,823 |  |  |  | 3,309,548 |
Securities-based loans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,098,211 |  |  |  | 2,098,211 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 428,549 |  |  |  | 428,549 |
Construction and land |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 398,839 |  |  |  | 398,839 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 83 |  |  |  | 184 |  |  |  | 267 |  |  |  | 50,938 |  |  |  | 51,205 |
Other |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 27,306 |  |  |  | 27,311 |
Total |  | $ | 10,564 |  |  | $ | 14,373 |  |  | $ | 24,937 |  |  | $ | 9,727,679 |  |  | $ | 9,752,616 |
|  | As of December 31, 2019* |
|  | Non-Accrual |  |  | Restructured |  |  | Total |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 12,940 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,940 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 1,249 |  |  |  | 163 |  |  |  | 1,412 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 184 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 184 |
Total |  | $ | 14,373 |  |  | $ | 163 |  |  | $ | 14,536 |
* | There were no loans past due 90 days and still accruing interest at December 31, 2019.
Credit quality indicators As of September 30, 2020, bank loans were primarily extended to non-investment grade borrowers. Substantially all of these loans align with the U.S. Federal bank regulatory agencies’ definition of Pass. Loans meet the definition of Pass when they are performing and do not demonstrate adverse characteristics that are likely to result in a credit loss. A loan is determined to be impaired when principal or interest becomes 90 days past due or when collection becomes uncertain. At the time a loan is determined to be impaired, the accrual of interest and amortization of deferred loan origination fees is discontinued (“non-accrual status”), and any accrued and unpaid interest income is reversed. We closely monitor economic conditions and loan performance trends to manage and evaluate our exposure to credit risk. Trends in delinquency ratios are an indicator, among other considerations, of credit risk within our loan portfolio. The level of nonperforming assets represents another indicator of the potential for future credit losses. Accordingly, key metrics we track and use in evaluating the credit quality of our loan portfolio include delinquency and nonperforming asset rates, as well as charge-off rates and our internal risk ratings of the loan portfolio. In general, we are a secured lender. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 98.6% and 98.3% of our loan portfolio was collateralized, respectively. Collateral is required in accordance with the normal credit evaluation process based upon the creditworthiness of the customer and the credit risk associated with the particular transaction. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Pass. A credit exposure rated pass has a continued expectation of timely repayment, all obligations of the borrower are current, and the obligor complies with material terms and conditions of the lending agreement. Special Mention. Extensions of credit that have potential weakness that deserve management’s close attention, and if left uncorrected may, at some future date, result in the deterioration of the repayment prospects or collateral position. Substandard. Obligor has a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the repayment of the debt and has a high probability of payment default with the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if noted deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful. Inherent weakness in the exposure makes the collection or repayment in full, based on existing facts, conditions and circumstances, highly improbable, and the amount of loss is uncertain. Substandard loans are regularly reviewed for impairment. Doubtful loans are considered impaired. When a loan is impaired the impairment is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, or as a practical expedient, the observable market price of the loan or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of our loan portfolio was as follows (in thousands):
|  | As of September 30, 2020 |
|  | Pass |  |  | Special Mention |  |  | Substandard |  |  | Doubtful |  |  | Total |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 3,791,192 |  |  | $ | 120,663 |  |  | $ | 156,144 |  |  | $ | 12,940 |  |  | $ | 4,080,939 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 3,802,942 |  |  |  | 645 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,249 |  |  |  | 3,804,836 |
Securities-based loans |  |  | 1,841,516 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,841,516 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 385,645 |  |  |  | 1,168 |  |  |  | 144 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 386,957 |
Construction and land |  |  | 498,079 |  |  |  | 14,240 |  |  |  | 20,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 532,319 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 66,920 |  |  |  | 466 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 67,386 |
Other |  |  | 39,735 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 39,735 |
Total |  | $ | 10,426,029 |  |  | $ | 137,182 |  |  | $ | 176,288 |  |  | $ | 14,189 |  |  | $ | 10,753,688 |
|  | As of December 31, 2019 |
|  | Pass |  |  | Special Mention |  |  | Substandard |  |  | Doubtful |  |  | Total |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 3,365,800 |  |  | $ | 48,241 |  |  | $ | 11,972 |  |  | $ | 12,940 |  |  | $ | 3,438,953 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 3,307,719 |  |  |  | 417 |  |  |  | 1,412 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,309,548 |
Securities-based loans |  |  | 2,098,211 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,098,211 |
Commercial real estate |  |  | 427,963 |  |  |  | 586 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 428,549 |
Construction and land |  |  | 398,839 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 398,839 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 51,021 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 184 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 51,205 |
Other |  |  | 27,311 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 27,311 |
Total |  | $ | 9,676,864 |  |  | $ | 49,244 |  |  | $ | 13,568 |  |  | $ | 12,940 |  |  | $ | 9,752,616 |
|  | Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year – September 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | Prior |  |  | Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis |  |  | Total |
Commercial and industrial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | $ | 466,481 |  |  | $ | 105,957 |  |  | $ | 2,355,918 |  |  | $ | 19,375 |  |  | $ | 11,154 |  |  | $ | 47,763 |  |  | $ | 784,544 |  |  | $ | 3,791,192 |
Special Mention |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 106,214 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 14,449 |  |  |  | 120,663 |
Substandard |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 146,584 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | 9,533 |  |  |  | 156,144 |
Doubtful |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12,940 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12,940 |
|  | $ | 466,481 |  |  | $ | 105,957 |  |  | $ | 2,608,716 |  |  | $ | 32,315 |  |  | $ | 11,154 |  |  | $ | 47,790 |  |  | $ | 808,526 |  |  | $ | 4,080,939 |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | $ | 1,217,617 |  |  | $ | 964,320 |  |  | $ | 412,590 |  |  | $ | 326,393 |  |  | $ | 303,909 |  |  | $ | 578,113 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,802,942 |
Special Mention |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 645 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 645 |
Substandard |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Doubtful |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 149 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,100 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,249 |
|  | $ | 1,217,617 |  |  | $ | 964,320 |  |  | $ | 412,590 |  |  | $ | 327,187 |  |  | $ | 303,909 |  |  | $ | 579,213 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,804,836 |
Securities-based loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | $ | 21,968 |  |  | $ | 108,647 |  |  | $ | 25,825 |  |  | $ | 195 |  |  | $ | 300 |  |  | $ | 56,691 |  |  | $ | 1,627,890 |  |  | $ | 1,841,516 |
Special Mention |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Substandard |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Doubtful |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 21,968 |  |  | $ | 108,647 |  |  | $ | 25,825 |  |  | $ | 195 |  |  | $ | 300 |  |  | $ | 56,691 |  |  | $ | 1,627,890 |  |  | $ | 1,841,516 |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | $ | 74,689 |  |  | $ | 158,422 |  |  | $ | 42,432 |  |  | $ | 52,387 |  |  | $ | 13,470 |  |  | $ | 43,469 |  |  | $ | 776 |  |  | $ | 385,645 |
Special Mention |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,168 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,168 |
Substandard |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 144 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 144 |
Doubtful |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 74,689 |  |  | $ | 158,422 |  |  | $ | 42,576 |  |  | $ | 52,387 |  |  | $ | 14,638 |  |  | $ | 43,469 |  |  | $ | 776 |  |  | $ | 386,957 |
Construction and land: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | $ | 44,892 |  |  | $ | 254,524 |  |  | $ | 111,147 |  |  | $ | 68,495 |  |  | $ | 6,852 |  |  | $ | 1,370 |  |  | $ | 10,799 |  |  | $ | 498,079 |
Special Mention |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 14,240 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 14,240 |
Substandard |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 20,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 20,000 |
Doubtful |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 44,892 |  |  | $ | 254,524 |  |  | $ | 145,387 |  |  | $ | 68,495 |  |  | $ | 6,852 |  |  | $ | 1,370 |  |  | $ | 10,799 |  |  | $ | 532,319 |
Home equity lines of credit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 66,920 |  |  | $ | 66,920 |
Special Mention |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 466 |  |  |  | 466 |
Substandard |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Doubtful |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
|  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 67,386 |  |  | $ | 67,386 |
Other: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 755 |  |  | $ | 20,049 |  |  | $ | 18,925 |  |  | $ | 39,735 |
Special Mention |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Substandard |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Doubtful |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
|  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 755 |  |  | $ | 20,049 |  |  | $ | 18,925 |  |  | $ | 39,735 |

X
- Definition The entire disclosure for claims held for amounts due a entity, excluding financing receivables. Examples include, but are not limited to, trade accounts receivables, notes receivables, loans receivables. Includes disclosure for allowance for credit losses. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 310 -SubTopic 10 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2196772 + Details
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Namespace Prefix: | us-gaap_
Data Type: | nonnum:textBlockItemType
Balance Type: | na
Period Type: | duration

X
- References No definition available. + Details
Name: | us-gaap_ReceivablesAbstract
Namespace Prefix: | us-gaap_
Data Type: | xbrli:stringItemType
Balance Type: | na
Period Type: | duration