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Available-for-Sale and Held-to-Maturity Securities | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2025
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] |
Available-for-Sale and Held-to-Maturity Securities | NOTE 6 – Available-for-Sale and Held-to-Maturity Securities The following tables provide a summary of the amortized cost and fair values of the available-for-sale securities and held-to-maturity securities at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):
|  | September 30, 2025 |
|  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Gross Unrealized Gains (1) |  |  | Gross Unrealized Losses (1) |  |  | Fair Value |
Available-for-sale securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government agency securities |  | $ | 2,432 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | (77 | ) |  | $ | 2,361 |
State and municipal securities |  |  | 2,350 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,351 |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency |  |  | 1,239,648 |  |  |  | 3,662 |  |  |  | (90,350 | ) |  |  | 1,152,960 |
Commercial |  |  | 11,097 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (121 | ) |  |  | 10,976 |
Non-agency |  |  | 164 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | 158 |
Corporate fixed income securities |  |  | 433,163 |  |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | (25,846 | ) |  |  | 407,352 |
Asset-backed securities |  |  | 113,204 |  |  |  | 63 |  |  |  | (789 | ) |  |  | 112,478 |
|  | $ | 1,802,058 |  |  | $ | 3,767 |  |  | $ | (117,189 | ) |  | $ | 1,688,636 |
Held-to-maturity securities (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset-backed securities |  | $ | 6,458,002 |  |  | $ | 21,706 |  |  | $ | (2,690 | ) |  | $ | 6,477,018 |
|  | December 31, 2024 |
|  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Gross Unrealized Gains (1) |  |  | Gross Unrealized Losses (1) |  |  | Fair Value |
Available-for-sale securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government agency securities |  | $ | 2,407 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (141 | ) |  | $ | 2,266 |
State and municipal securities |  |  | 2,350 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 2,349 |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency |  |  | 1,045,344 |  |  |  | 334 |  |  |  | (124,115 | ) |  |  | 921,563 |
Commercial |  |  | 69,430 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,474 | ) |  |  | 67,956 |
Non-agency |  |  | 206 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | 199 |
Corporate fixed income securities |  |  | 507,824 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (43,832 | ) |  |  | 463,992 |
Asset-backed securities |  |  | 127,148 |  |  |  | 202 |  |  |  | (1,077 | ) |  |  | 126,273 |
|  | $ | 1,754,709 |  |  | $ | 536 |  |  | $ | (170,647 | ) |  | $ | 1,584,598 |
Held-to-maturity securities (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset-backed securities |  | $ | 6,524,954 |  |  | $ | 26,498 |  |  | $ | (3,805 | ) |  | $ | 6,547,647 |
(1) Unrealized gains/(losses) related to available-for-sale securities are reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss. (2) Held-to-maturity securities are carried in the consolidated statements of financial condition at amortized cost, and the changes in the value of these securities, other than impairment charges, are not reported on the consolidated financial statements. We are required to evaluate our available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities for any expected losses with recognition of an allowance for credit losses, when applicable. At September 30, 2025, we did not have an allowance for credit losses recorded on our investment portfolio. Accrued interest receivable for our investment portfolio at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $86.1 million and $106.8 million, respectively, and is reported in other assets in the consolidated statements of financial condition. We do not include reserves for interest receivable in the measurement of the allowance for credit losses. There were no sales of available-for-sale securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. The table below summarizes the amortized cost and fair values of our securities by contractual maturity at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands). Expected maturities may differ significantly from contractual maturities, as issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
|  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
|  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Fair Value |
Available-for-sale securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Within one year |  | $ | 104,690 |  |  | $ | 103,267 |  |  | $ | 78,491 |  |  | $ | 78,080 |
After one year through three years |  |  | 38,242 |  |  |  | 36,718 |  |  |  | 143,648 |  |  |  | 137,049 |
After three years through five years |  |  | 80,949 |  |  |  | 74,248 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
After five years through ten years |  |  | 317,431 |  |  |  | 297,508 |  |  |  | 395,884 |  |  |  | 352,736 |
After ten years |  |  | 1,260,746 |  |  |  | 1,176,895 |  |  |  | 1,136,686 |  |  |  | 1,016,733 |
|  | $ | 1,802,058 |  |  | $ | 1,688,636 |  |  | $ | 1,754,709 |  |  | $ | 1,584,598 |
Held-to-maturity securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
After three years through five years |  |  | 174,986 |  |  |  | 174,964 |  |  |  | 91,184 |  |  |  | 91,238 |
After five years through ten years |  |  | 1,714,752 |  |  |  | 1,717,145 |  |  |  | 3,063,278 |  |  |  | 3,075,645 |
After ten years |  |  | 4,568,264 |  |  |  | 4,584,909 |  |  |  | 3,370,492 |  |  |  | 3,380,764 |
|  | $ | 6,458,002 |  |  | $ | 6,477,018 |  |  | $ | 6,524,954 |  |  | $ | 6,547,647 |
The maturities of our available-for-sale (fair value) and held-to-maturity (amortized cost) securities at September 30, 2025, are as follows (in thousands):
|  | Within 1 Year |  |  | 1-5 Years |  |  | 5-10 Years |  |  | After 10 Years |  |  | Total |
Available-for-sale securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government agency securities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,361 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,361 |
State and municipal securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,351 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,351 |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,963 |  |  |  | 74,563 |  |  |  | 1,073,434 |  |  |  | 1,152,960 |
Commercial |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,976 |  |  |  | 10,976 |
Non-agency |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 158 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 158 |
Corporate fixed income securities |  |  | 103,267 |  |  |  | 101,291 |  |  |  | 197,759 |  |  |  | 5,035 |  |  |  | 407,352 |
Asset-backed securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 25,028 |  |  |  | 87,450 |  |  |  | 112,478 |
|  | $ | 103,267 |  |  | $ | 110,966 |  |  | $ | 297,508 |  |  | $ | 1,176,895 |  |  | $ | 1,688,636 |
Held-to-maturity securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset-backed securities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 174,986 |  |  | $ | 1,714,752 |  |  | $ | 4,568,264 |  |  | $ | 6,458,002 |
At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, securities of $1.0 billion and $842.3 million, respectively, were pledged at the Federal Home Loan Bank as collateral for borrowings and letters of credit obtained to secure public deposits. At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, securities of $3.0 billion and $2.2 billion, respectively, were pledged with the Federal Reserve discount window. The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair value of the Company’s investment securities with unrealized losses, aggregated by investment category and length of time the individual investment securities have been in continuous unrealized loss positions, at September 30, 2025 (in thousands):
|  | Less than 12 months |  |  | 12 months or more |  |  | Total |
|  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value |
Available-for-sale securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government agency securities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (77 | ) |  | $ | 1,889 |  |  | $ | (77 | ) |  | $ | 1,889 |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency |  |  | (1,014 | ) |  |  | 232,197 |  |  |  | (89,336 | ) |  |  | 621,946 |  |  |  | (90,350 | ) |  |  | 854,143 |
Commercial |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (121 | ) |  |  | 10,976 |  |  |  | (121 | ) |  |  | 10,976 |
Non-agency |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | 158 |  |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | 158 |
Corporate fixed income securities |  |  | (64 | ) |  |  | 9,935 |  |  |  | (25,782 | ) |  |  | 382,382 |  |  |  | (25,846 | ) |  |  | 392,317 |
Asset-backed securities |  |  | (25 | ) |  |  | 11,556 |  |  |  | (764 | ) |  |  | 68,859 |  |  |  | (789 | ) |  |  | 80,415 |
|  | $ | (1,103 | ) |  | $ | 253,688 |  |  | $ | (116,086 | ) |  | $ | 1,086,210 |  |  | $ | (117,189 | ) |  | $ | 1,339,898 |
At September 30, 2025, the amortized cost of 221 securities classified as available for sale exceeded their fair value by $117.2 million, of which $116.1 million related to investment securities that had been in a loss position for 12 months or longer. The total fair value of these investments at September 30, 2025, was $1.3 billion, which was 79.3% of our available-for-sale portfolio. Credit Quality Indicators The Company uses ratings assigned by nationally recognized rating agencies, which includes S&P, Moody’s, and Fitch Ratings Inc., as the primary credit quality indicator for its investment portfolio. Each security is evaluated at least quarterly. The indicators represent the rating for debt securities, as of the date presented, based on the most recent assessment performed. At September 30, 2025, approximately 85% of our available-for-sale securities were backed by the United States government or rated A or higher by nationally recognized rating agencies. The following table shows the amortized cost of our held-to-maturity securities by credit quality indicator at September 30, 2025 (in thousands):
|  | AAA |  |  | AA |  |  | C |  |  | Total |
Held-to-maturity securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset-backed securities |  | $ | 3,623,839 |  |  | $ | 2,833,964 |  |  | $ | 199 |  |  | $ | 6,458,002 |

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