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<!-- DFIN ActiveDisclosure(SM) XBRL Schema Document - http://www.dfinsolutions.com/ -->
<!-- Creation Date      : 2021-08-06T20:10:02.2453615+00:00 -->
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<!-- Package ID         : 29bad3ebf2d34778b1e6b05f91d84aef -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2021 Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -->
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  <xsd:element id="uhs_SecuritizedBorrowingsCreditFacilityBorrowingCapacity" name="SecuritizedBorrowingsCreditFacilityBorrowingCapacity" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_SecuritizedBorrowingsCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity" name="SecuritizedBorrowingsCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountIssuancePercentage" name="DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountIssuancePercentage" type="num:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_DebtInstrumentYieldPercentage" name="DebtInstrumentYieldPercentage" type="num:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_NumberOfDaysToCompleteExchangeOffer" name="NumberOfDaysToCompleteExchangeOffer" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_DeferredCompensationAssetsMember" name="DeferredCompensationAssetsMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_DeferredCompensationLiabilityMember" name="DeferredCompensationLiabilityMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_OtherCashAccountsFairValueDisclosure" name="OtherCashAccountsFairValueDisclosure" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_OtherCashAccountsFairValueDisclosureVariableInterestRates" name="OtherCashAccountsFairValueDisclosureVariableInterestRates" type="num:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_SelfInsuredAmountPerOccurrence" name="SelfInsuredAmountPerOccurrence" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_SelfInsuredAmountPerOccurrenceExcessClaims" name="SelfInsuredAmountPerOccurrenceExcessClaims" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureLineItems" name="CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTable" name="CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_GeneralAndProfessionalLiabilityInsurancePoliciesMember" name="GeneralAndProfessionalLiabilityInsurancePoliciesMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_GeneralAndProfessionalLiabilityMember" name="GeneralAndProfessionalLiabilityMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_CygnetHealthCareLimitedMember" name="CygnetHealthCareLimitedMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_WindStormsMember" name="WindStormsMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_LasVegasNevadaMember" name="LasVegasNevadaMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_FaultyZonesOfUSMember" name="FaultyZonesOfUSMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_OtherStatesMember" name="OtherStatesMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_DepartmentOfHumanServicesMember" name="DepartmentOfHumanServicesMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_IncreaseDecreaseOfRevenues" name="IncreaseDecreaseOfRevenues" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_MaximumInsuranceDeductible" name="MaximumInsuranceDeductible" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_PercentageOfInsuranceDeductible" name="PercentageOfInsuranceDeductible" type="num:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_AmountClaimedFromOverPaymentsOfLegalSettlements" name="AmountClaimedFromOverPaymentsOfLegalSettlements" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_AmountClaimedFromOverPaymentsOfLegalSettlementsDueToChangeInCalculations" name="AmountClaimedFromOverPaymentsOfLegalSettlementsDueToChangeInCalculations" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_NumberOfBehavioralHealthCareHospitals" name="NumberOfBehavioralHealthCareHospitals" type="xbrli:integerItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_GrossInpatientRevenues" name="GrossInpatientRevenues" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_GrossOutpatientRevenues" name="GrossOutpatientRevenues" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_AcuteCareHospitalServicesMember" name="AcuteCareHospitalServicesMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_BehavioralHealthServicesMember" name="BehavioralHealthServicesMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_NetIncomeAllocatedToUnvestedRestrictedShares" name="NetIncomeAllocatedToUnvestedRestrictedShares" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasicAndDiluted" name="NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasicAndDiluted" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_UnvestedStockOptionMember" name="UnvestedStockOptionMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_MarketPricePremiumMember" name="MarketPricePremiumMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_MarketPricePremiumPercentage" name="MarketPricePremiumPercentage" type="num:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_NumberOfBedsAvailableInMicroHospital" name="NumberOfBedsAvailableInMicroHospital" type="xbrli:integerItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_IncomeTaxesLineItems" name="IncomeTaxesLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_IncomeTaxesTable" name="IncomeTaxesTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017IncompleteAccountingGlobalIntangibleLowTaxedIncomeProvisionsDeferredTax" name="TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017IncompleteAccountingGlobalIntangibleLowTaxedIncomeProvisionsDeferredTax" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_ForeignAndUnitedStatesAndLocalJurisdictionsStatutesOfLimitations" name="ForeignAndUnitedStatesAndLocalJurisdictionsStatutesOfLimitations" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_StatuteOfLimitationsOnCertainJurisdictions" name="StatuteOfLimitationsOnCertainJurisdictions" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_JurisdictionsStatutesOfLimitationsExpirationPeriod" name="JurisdictionsStatutesOfLimitationsExpirationPeriod" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_MedicareMember" name="MedicareMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_ManagedMedicareMember" name="ManagedMedicareMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_MedicaidMember" name="MedicaidMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_ManagedMedicaidMember" name="ManagedMedicaidMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_ManagedCareMember" name="ManagedCareMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_UKRevenueMember" name="UKRevenueMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_OtherPatientRevenueAndAdjustmentsNetMember" name="OtherPatientRevenueAndAdjustmentsNetMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_OtherNonPatientRevenueMember" name="OtherNonPatientRevenueMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTaxPercentage" name="RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTaxPercentage" type="num:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_LeaseExpirationTerm" name="LeaseExpirationTerm" type="xbrli:gYearItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_TwoHospitalFacilitiesMember" name="TwoHospitalFacilitiesMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_ThirdHospitalFacilityMember" name="ThirdHospitalFacilityMember" type="nonnum:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_CashPaidForAmountsIncludedInMeasurementOfLeaseLiabilitiesAbstract" name="CashPaidForAmountsIncludedInMeasurementOfLeaseLiabilitiesAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_RightOfUseAssetsObtainedInExchangeForLeaseObligationsAbstract" name="RightOfUseAssetsObtainedInExchangeForLeaseObligationsAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
</xsd:schema>
