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<!-- DFIN ActiveDisclosure(SM) XBRL Schema Document - http://www.dfinsolutions.com/ -->
<!-- Creation Date      : 2022-08-07T21:19:13.8187919+00:00 -->
<!-- Version            : 5.0.1.747 -->
<!-- Package ID         : 658bcb3dbfe94e868f4f8532a7589b76 -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2022 Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -->
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  <xsd:element id="uhs_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriodEndYear" name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardAwardVestingPeriodEndYear" type="xbrli:gYearItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_BehavioralHealthCareFacilitiesOutsideOwnersHoldingNoncontrollingMinorityInterest" name="BehavioralHealthCareFacilitiesOutsideOwnersHoldingNoncontrollingMinorityInterest" type="xbrli:integerItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_OutsideOwnersMember" name="OutsideOwnersMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_AcuteCareFacilityMember" name="AcuteCareFacilityMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_TrancheATermLoanMember" name="TrancheATermLoanMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_TrancheBTermLoanMember" name="TrancheBTermLoanMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_NewSeniorSecuredCreditFacilityMember" name="NewSeniorSecuredCreditFacilityMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_TermLoanAFacilityMember" name="TermLoanAFacilityMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_FivePointZeroZeroPercentSeniorSecuredNotesDueJuneTwoThousandTwentySixMember" name="FivePointZeroZeroPercentSeniorSecuredNotesDueJuneTwoThousandTwentySixMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_OneMonthLIBORRatePlusIndexBasedLoansMember" name="OneMonthLIBORRatePlusIndexBasedLoansMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_OneTwoThreeSixMonthLIBORRatePlusIndexBasedLoansMember" name="OneTwoThreeSixMonthLIBORRatePlusIndexBasedLoansMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_ABRBasedLoansMember" name="ABRBasedLoansMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_GroupSevenMember" name="GroupSevenMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_GroupEightMember" name="GroupEightMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_OneThreeSixMonthLIBORRatePlusIndexBasedLoansMember" name="OneThreeSixMonthLIBORRatePlusIndexBasedLoansMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_OneMonthSOFRRatePlusIndexBasedLoansMember" name="OneMonthSOFRRatePlusIndexBasedLoansMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_OneThreeSixMonthSOFRRatePlusIndexBasedLoansMember" name="OneThreeSixMonthSOFRRatePlusIndexBasedLoansMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_OnePointSixFivePercentSeniorSecuredNotesDueTwoThousandTwentySixMember" name="OnePointSixFivePercentSeniorSecuredNotesDueTwoThousandTwentySixMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_TwoPointSixFivePercentSeniorSecuredNotesDueTwoThousandThirtyTwoMember" name="TwoPointSixFivePercentSeniorSecuredNotesDueTwoThousandThirtyTwoMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_TwoPointSixFivePercentSeniorSecuredNotesDueTwoThousandThirtyMember" name="TwoPointSixFivePercentSeniorSecuredNotesDueTwoThousandThirtyMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_FourPointSevenFiveZeroPercentSeniorSecuredNotesDueTwoThousandTwentyTwoMember" name="FourPointSevenFiveZeroPercentSeniorSecuredNotesDueTwoThousandTwentyTwoMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_FivePointZeroZeroPercentSeniorSecuredNotesDueTwoThousandTwentySixMember" name="FivePointZeroZeroPercentSeniorSecuredNotesDueTwoThousandTwentySixMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_RateAdjustmentToOneMonthEurodollarRateOnCreditFacilityBorrowings" name="RateAdjustmentToOneMonthEurodollarRateOnCreditFacilityBorrowings" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_RateAdjustmentToFederalFundsRateWeightedAverage" name="RateAdjustmentToFederalFundsRateWeightedAverage" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_ConsolidatedLeverageRatio" name="ConsolidatedLeverageRatio" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_InterestRateMarginAdjustmentPercentage" name="InterestRateMarginAdjustmentPercentage" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_SecuritizedExtendedMaturityDate" name="SecuritizedExtendedMaturityDate" type="xbrli:dateItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_SecuritizedBorrowingsCreditFacilityBorrowingCapacity" name="SecuritizedBorrowingsCreditFacilityBorrowingCapacity" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_SecuritizedBorrowingsCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity" name="SecuritizedBorrowingsCreditFacilityRemainingBorrowingCapacity" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_DebtInstrumentRedemptionPrice" name="DebtInstrumentRedemptionPrice" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountIssuancePercentage" name="DebtInstrumentPrincipalAmountIssuancePercentage" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_DebtInstrumentYieldPercentage" name="DebtInstrumentYieldPercentage" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_NumberOfDaysToCompleteExchangeOffer" name="NumberOfDaysToCompleteExchangeOffer" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_DeferredCompensationAssetsMember" name="DeferredCompensationAssetsMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_DeferredCompensationLiabilityMember" name="DeferredCompensationLiabilityMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_SelfInsuredAmountPerOccurrence" name="SelfInsuredAmountPerOccurrence" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_SelfInsuredAmountPerOccurrenceExcessClaims" name="SelfInsuredAmountPerOccurrenceExcessClaims" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureLineItems" name="CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTable" name="CommitmentsAndContingenciesDisclosureTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_GeneralAndProfessionalLiabilityInsurancePoliciesMember" name="GeneralAndProfessionalLiabilityInsurancePoliciesMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_CygnetHealthCareLimitedMember" name="CygnetHealthCareLimitedMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_GeneralAndProfessionalLiabilityMember" name="GeneralAndProfessionalLiabilityMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_WindStormsMember" name="WindStormsMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_FaultyZonesOfUSMember" name="FaultyZonesOfUSMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_OtherStatesMember" name="OtherStatesMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_GWHospitalMember" name="GWHospitalMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_DepartmentOfHumanServicesMember" name="DepartmentOfHumanServicesMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_IncreaseDecreaseOfRevenues" name="IncreaseDecreaseOfRevenues" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_MaximumInsuranceDeductible" name="MaximumInsuranceDeductible" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_PercentageOfInsuranceDeductible" name="PercentageOfInsuranceDeductible" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_PurchaseOfMinorityOwnershipInterestPercentage" name="PurchaseOfMinorityOwnershipInterestPercentage" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_AmountClaimedFromOverPaymentsOfLegalSettlements" name="AmountClaimedFromOverPaymentsOfLegalSettlements" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_AmountClaimedFromOverPaymentsOfLegalSettlementsDueToChangeInCalculations" name="AmountClaimedFromOverPaymentsOfLegalSettlementsDueToChangeInCalculations" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_NumberOfBehavioralHealthCareHospitals" name="NumberOfBehavioralHealthCareHospitals" type="xbrli:integerItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_GrossInpatientRevenues" name="GrossInpatientRevenues" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_GrossOutpatientRevenues" name="GrossOutpatientRevenues" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_AcuteCareHospitalServicesMember" name="AcuteCareHospitalServicesMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_BehavioralHealthServicesMember" name="BehavioralHealthServicesMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_NetIncomeAllocatedToUnvestedRestrictedShares" name="NetIncomeAllocatedToUnvestedRestrictedShares" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasicAndDiluted" name="NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasicAndDiluted" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_RestrictedStockAwardsRestrictedStockUnitsAndPerformanceBasedRestrictedStockUnitsMember" name="RestrictedStockAwardsRestrictedStockUnitsAndPerformanceBasedRestrictedStockUnitsMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_UnvestedStockOptionMember" name="UnvestedStockOptionMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_PerformanceBasedRestrictedStockUnitsMember" name="PerformanceBasedRestrictedStockUnitsMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_IncomeTaxesLineItems" name="IncomeTaxesLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_IncomeTaxesTable" name="IncomeTaxesTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017IncompleteAccountingGlobalIntangibleLowTaxedIncomeProvisionsDeferredTax" name="TaxCutsAndJobsActOf2017IncompleteAccountingGlobalIntangibleLowTaxedIncomeProvisionsDeferredTax" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_ForeignAndUnitedStatesAndLocalJurisdictionsStatutesOfLimitations" name="ForeignAndUnitedStatesAndLocalJurisdictionsStatutesOfLimitations" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_StatuteOfLimitationsOnCertainJurisdictions" name="StatuteOfLimitationsOnCertainJurisdictions" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_JurisdictionsStatutesOfLimitationsExpirationPeriod" name="JurisdictionsStatutesOfLimitationsExpirationPeriod" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_MedicareMember" name="MedicareMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_ManagedMedicareMember" name="ManagedMedicareMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_MedicaidMember" name="MedicaidMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_ManagedMedicaidMember" name="ManagedMedicaidMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_ManagedCareMember" name="ManagedCareMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_UKRevenueMember" name="UKRevenueMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_OtherPatientRevenueAndAdjustmentsNetMember" name="OtherPatientRevenueAndAdjustmentsNetMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_OtherNonPatientRevenueMember" name="OtherNonPatientRevenueMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTaxPercentage" name="RevenueFromContractWithCustomerExcludingAssessedTaxPercentage" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_LeaseExpirationTerm" name="LeaseExpirationTerm" type="xbrli:gYearItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_TwoHospitalFacilitiesMember" name="TwoHospitalFacilitiesMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_AnotherTwoHospitalFacilitiesMember" name="AnotherTwoHospitalFacilitiesMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_OneHospitalFacilityMember" name="OneHospitalFacilityMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_CashPaidForAmountsIncludedInMeasurementOfLeaseLiabilitiesAbstract" name="CashPaidForAmountsIncludedInMeasurementOfLeaseLiabilitiesAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
  <xsd:element id="uhs_RightOfUseAssetsObtainedInExchangeForLeaseObligationsAbstract" name="RightOfUseAssetsObtainedInExchangeForLeaseObligationsAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true" />
</xsd:schema>
