10-Q 1 fhnq3fy2018document.htm 10-Q

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
______________________________________
FORM 10-Q
______________________________________
(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018
or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 001-15185
____________________________________
First Horizon National Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
______________________________________

TN |  | 62-0803242
(State or other jurisdiction incorporation of organization) |  | (IRS Employer Identification No.)
165 MADISON AVENUE MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE |  | 38103
(Address of principal executive office) |  | (Zip Code)

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) (901) 523-4444
______________________________________
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
______________________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒ |  | Accelerated filer ☐ |  | Non-accelerated filer ☐
Smaller reporting company ☐ |  | Emerging Growth Company ☐ |  | (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No
APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Class |  | Outstanding on September 30, 2018
Common Stock, $.625 par value |  | 323,942,816

Table of Contents
FIRST HORIZON NATIONAL CORPORATION
INDEX

Part I. Financial Information | 1
Item 1. Financial Statements | 1
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 81
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 131
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 131
Part II. Other Information | 132
Item 1. Legal Proceedings | 132
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 132
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 132
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 132
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures | 132
Item 5. Other Information | 132
Item 6. Exhibits | 133
Exhibit 10.1 |
Exhibit 31(a) |
Exhibit 31(b) |
Exhibit 32(a) |
Exhibit 32(b) |
Signatures | 134

PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements

The Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition (unaudited) | 2
The Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income (unaudited) | 3
The Consolidated Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income (unaudited) | 4
The Consolidated Condensed Statements of Equity (unaudited) | 5
The Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) | 6
The Notes to the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (unaudited) | 8
Note 1 Financial Information | 8
Note 2 Acquisitions and Divestitures | 15
Note 3 Investment Securities | 18
Note 4 Loans | 21
Note 5 Allowance for Loan Losses | 32
Note 6 Intangible Assets | 34
Note 7 Other Income and Other Expense | 35
Note 8 Components of Other Comprehensive Income/(loss) | 36
Note 9 Earnings Per Share | 38
Note 10 Contingencies and Other Disclosures | 39
Note 11 Pension, Savings, and Other Employee Benefits | 45
Note 12 Business Segment Information | 47
Note 13 Variable Interest Entities | 51
Note 14 Derivatives | 56
Note 15 Master Netting and Similar Agreements - Repurchase, Reverse Repurchase, and Securities Borrowing Transactions | 63
Note 16 Fair Value of Assets & Liabilities | 65

This financial information reflects all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial condition and results of operations for the interim periods presented.
1

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION

|  | First Horizon National Corporation
|  | (Unaudited) |  | December 31
|  | September 30 |
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Assets: |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks |  | $ | 642,051 |  |  | $ | 639,073 |
Federal funds sold |  | 113,722 |  |  | 87,364 |
Securities purchased under agreements to resell (Note 15) |  | 687,437 |  |  | 725,609 |
Total cash and cash equivalents |  | 1,443,210 |  |  | 1,452,046 |
Interest-bearing cash |  | 531,681 |  |  | 1,185,600 |
Trading securities |  | 1,930,991 |  |  | 1,416,345 |
Loans held-for-sale (a) |  | 725,651 |  |  | 699,377 |
Securities available-for-sale (Note 3) |  | 4,608,383 |  |  | 5,170,255 |
Securities held-to-maturity (Note 3) |  | 10,000 |  |  | 10,000 |
Loans, net of unearned income (Note 4) (b) |  | 27,350,214 |  |  | 27,658,929 |
Less: Allowance for loan losses (Note 5) |  | 185,959 |  |  | 189,555 |
Total net loans |  | 27,164,255 |  |  | 27,469,374 |
Goodwill (Note 6) |  | 1,409,822 |  |  | 1,386,853 |
Other intangible assets, net (Note 6) |  | 161,495 |  |  | 184,389 |
Fixed income receivables |  | 177,802 |  |  | 68,693 |
Premises and equipment, net (September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 include $30.1 million and $53.2 million, respectively, classified as held-for-sale) |  | 506,453 |  |  | 532,251 |
Other real estate owned (“OREO”) (c) |  | 28,628 |  |  | 43,382 |
Derivative assets (Note 14) |  | 54,476 |  |  | 81,634 |
Other assets |  | 1,883,077 |  |  | 1,723,189 |
Total assets |  | $ | 40,635,924 |  |  | $ | 41,423,388 |
Liabilities and equity: |  |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |  |
Savings (December 31, 2017 includes $22.6 million classified as held-for-sale) |  | $ | 11,157,023 |  |  | $ | 10,872,665 |
Time deposits, net (December 31, 2017 includes $8.0 million classified as held-for-sale) |  | 4,056,184 |  |  | 3,322,921 |
Other interest-bearing deposits |  | 7,768,997 |  |  | 8,401,773 |
Interest-bearing |  | 22,982,204 |  |  | 22,597,359 |
Noninterest-bearing (December 31, 2017 includes $4.8 million classified as held-for-sale) |  | 8,025,881 |  |  | 8,023,003 |
Total deposits |  | 31,008,085 |  |  | 30,620,362 |
Federal funds purchased |  | 437,474 |  |  | 399,820 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (Note 15) |  | 678,510 |  |  | 656,602 |
Trading liabilities |  | 739,694 |  |  | 638,515 |
Other short-term borrowings |  | 1,069,912 |  |  | 2,626,213 |
Term borrowings |  | 1,200,134 |  |  | 1,218,097 |
Fixed income payables |  | 36,939 |  |  | 48,996 |
Derivative liabilities (Note 14) |  | 170,324 |  |  | 85,061 |
Other liabilities |  | 552,921 |  |  | 549,234 |
Total liabilities |  | 35,893,993 |  |  | 36,842,900 |
Equity: |  |  |  |
First Horizon National Corporation Shareholders’ Equity: |  |  |  |
Preferred stock - Series A, non-cumulative perpetual, no par value, liquidation preference of $100,000 per share - (shares authorized - 1,000; shares issued - 1,000 on September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017) |  | 95,624 |  |  | 95,624 |
Common stock - $.625 par value (shares authorized - 400,000,000; shares issued - 323,942,816 on September 30, 2018 and 326,736,214 on December 31, 2017) |  | 202,464 |  |  | 204,211 |
Capital surplus |  | 3,101,102 |  |  | 3,147,613 |
Undivided profits |  | 1,484,959 |  |  | 1,160,434 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net (Note 8) |  | (437,649 | ) |  | (322,825 | )
Total First Horizon National Corporation Shareholders’ Equity |  | 4,446,500 |  |  | 4,285,057 |
Noncontrolling interest |  | 295,431 |  |  | 295,431 |
Total equity |  | 4,741,931 |  |  | 4,580,488 |
Total liabilities and equity |  | $ | 40,635,924 |  |  | $ | 41,423,388 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated condensed financial statements.

(a) | September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 include $9.2 million and $11.7 million, respectively, of held-for-sale consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate in process of foreclosure.

(b) | September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 include $20.8 million and $22.7 million, respectively, of held-to-maturity consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate in process of foreclosure.

(c) | September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 include $11.0 million and $12.2 million, respectively, of foreclosed residential real estate.

2

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

| First Horizon National Corporation
| Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars and shares in thousands except per share data, unless otherwise noted) (Unaudited) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Interest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest and fees on loans | $ | 331,000 |  |  | $ | 205,220 |  |  | $ | 954,467 |  |  | $ | 578,264 |
Interest on investment securities available-for-sale | 32,391 |  |  | 25,575 |  |  | 97,872 |  |  | 76,867 |
Interest on investment securities held-to-maturity | 131 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 394 |  |  | 460 |
Interest on loans held-for-sale | 9,977 |  |  | 6,123 |  |  | 33,349 |  |  | 10,916 |
Interest on trading securities | 14,130 |  |  | 8,262 |  |  | 43,280 |  |  | 24,033 |
Interest on other earning assets | 6,040 |  |  | 2,834 |  |  | 15,473 |  |  | 11,757 |
Total interest income | 393,669 |  |  | 248,145 |  |  | 1,144,835 |  |  | 702,297 |
Interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest on deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Savings | 30,022 |  |  | 10,920 |  |  | 70,522 |  |  | 31,324 |
Time deposits | 14,667 |  |  | 2,591 |  |  | 35,428 |  |  | 8,342 |
Other interest-bearing deposits | 14,401 |  |  | 6,759 |  |  | 36,922 |  |  | 15,976 |
Interest on trading liabilities | 5,125 |  |  | 3,298 |  |  | 15,039 |  |  | 11,282 |
Interest on short-term borrowings | 9,762 |  |  | 4,998 |  |  | 29,914 |  |  | 9,293 |
Interest on term borrowings | 13,992 |  |  | 9,762 |  |  | 39,205 |  |  | 25,854 |
Total interest expense | 87,969 |  |  | 38,328 |  |  | 227,030 |  |  | 102,071 |
Net interest income | 305,700 |  |  | 209,817 |  |  | 917,805 |  |  | 600,226 |
Provision/(provision credit) for loan losses | 2,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | (3,000 | )
Net interest income after provision/(provision credit) for loan losses | 303,700 |  |  | 209,817 |  |  | 916,805 |  |  | 603,226 |
Noninterest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income | 44,813 |  |  | 55,758 |  |  | 128,016 |  |  | 161,546 |
Deposit transactions and cash management | 35,792 |  |  | 28,011 |  |  | 107,859 |  |  | 80,434 |
Brokerage, management fees and commissions | 14,200 |  |  | 11,937 |  |  | 41,423 |  |  | 35,872 |
Trust services and investment management | 7,438 |  |  | 6,953 |  |  | 22,847 |  |  | 21,304 |
Bankcard income | 6,878 |  |  | 6,170 |  |  | 19,958 |  |  | 17,230 |
Bank-owned life insurance ("BOLI") | 4,337 |  |  | 3,539 |  |  | 14,103 |  |  | 11,137 |
Debt securities gains/(losses), net (Note 3 and Note 8) | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 450 |
Equity securities gains/(losses), net (Note 3) | 212,859 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 212,924 |  |  | 5 |
All other income and commissions (Note 7) | 22,655 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 65,332 |  |  | 29,051 |
Total noninterest income | 348,972 |  |  | 112,417 |  |  | 612,514 |  |  | 357,029 |
Adjusted gross income after provision/(provision credit) for loan losses | 652,672 |  |  | 322,234 |  |  | 1,529,319 |  |  | 960,255 |
Noninterest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Employee compensation, incentives, and benefits | 164,839 |  |  | 137,383 |  |  | 501,983 |  |  | 410,153 |
Occupancy | 20,002 |  |  | 13,619 |  |  | 62,956 |  |  | 38,759 |
Computer software | 15,693 |  |  | 11,993 |  |  | 45,948 |  |  | 35,077 |
Operational services | 13,121 |  |  | 10,805 |  |  | 43,335 |  |  | 33,204 |
Equipment rentals, depreciation, and maintenance | 9,423 |  |  | 6,626 |  |  | 30,149 |  |  | 20,013 |
Professional fees | 9,270 |  |  | 6,566 |  |  | 36,957 |  |  | 20,971 |
Advertising and public relations | 8,365 |  |  | 5,205 |  |  | 17,034 |  |  | 13,901 |
FDIC premium expense | 7,850 |  |  | 6,062 |  |  | 26,442 |  |  | 17,728 |
Communications and courier | 7,014 |  |  | 4,328 |  |  | 22,776 |  |  | 12,245 |
Amortization of intangible assets | 6,460 |  |  | 1,964 |  |  | 19,394 |  |  | 5,160 |
Contract employment and outsourcing | 4,314 |  |  | 2,762 |  |  | 14,274 |  |  | 8,975 |
Legal fees | 2,541 |  |  | 2,052 |  |  | 7,670 |  |  | 10,831 |
Repurchase and foreclosure provision/(provision credit) | (562 | ) |  | (609 | ) |  | (886 | ) |  | (22,580 | )
All other expense (Note 7) | 25,701 |  |  | 28,113 |  |  | 112,032 |  |  | 72,554 |
Total noninterest expense | 294,031 |  |  | 236,869 |  |  | 940,064 |  |  | 676,991 |
Income/(loss) before income taxes | 358,641 |  |  | 85,365 |  |  | 589,255 |  |  | 283,264 |
Provision/(benefit) for income taxes | 83,925 |  |  | 13,596 |  |  | 133,553 |  |  | 57,903 |
Net income/(loss) | $ | 274,716 |  |  | $ | 71,769 |  |  | $ | 455,702 |  |  | $ | 225,361 |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest | 2,883 |  |  | 2,883 |  |  | 8,555 |  |  | 8,555 |
Net income/(loss) attributable to controlling interest | $ | 271,833 |  |  | $ | 68,886 |  |  | $ | 447,147 |  |  | $ | 216,806 |
Preferred stock dividends | 1,550 |  |  | 1,550 |  |  | 4,650 |  |  | 4,650 |
Net income/(loss) available to common shareholders | $ | 270,283 |  |  | $ | 67,336 |  |  | $ | 442,497 |  |  | $ | 212,156 |
Basic earnings/(loss) per share (Note 9) | $ | 0.83 |  |  | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | 1.36 |  |  | $ | 0.91 |
Diluted earnings/(loss) per share (Note 9) | $ | 0.83 |  |  | $ | 0.28 |  |  | $ | 1.35 |  |  | $ | 0.90 |
Weighted average common shares (Note 9) | 324,406 |  |  | 233,749 |  |  | 325,341 |  |  | 233,438 |
Diluted average common shares (Note 9) | 327,252 |  |  | 236,340 |  |  | 328,645 |  |  | 236,372 |
Cash dividends declared per common share | $ | 0.12 |  |  | $ | 0.09 |  |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | 0.27 |

Certain previously reported amounts have been revised to reflect the retroactive effect of the adoption of ASU 2017-07 “Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost.” See Note 1 - Financial Information for additional information.
See accompanying notes to consolidated condensed financial statements.
3

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

| First Horizon National Corporation
| Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Net income/(loss) | $ | 274,716 |  |  | $ | 71,769 |  |  | $ | 455,702 |  |  | $ | 225,361 |
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized gains/(losses) on securities available-for-sale | (25,924 | ) |  | 3,917 |  |  | (106,561 | ) |  | 11,292 |
Net unrealized gains/(losses) on cash flow hedges | (1,746 | ) |  | (734 | ) |  | (13,533 | ) |  | (493 | )
Net unrealized gains/(losses) on pension and other postretirement plans | 2,135 |  |  | 1,895 |  |  | 5,481 |  |  | 4,471 |
Other comprehensive income/(loss) | (25,535 | ) |  | 5,078 |  |  | (114,613 | ) |  | 15,270 |
Comprehensive income | 249,181 |  |  | 76,847 |  |  | 341,089 |  |  | 240,631 |
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest | 2,883 |  |  | 2,883 |  |  | 8,555 |  |  | 8,555 |
Comprehensive income attributable to controlling interest | $ | 246,298 |  |  | $ | 73,964 |  |  | $ | 332,534 |  |  | $ | 232,076 |
Income tax expense/(benefit) of items included in Other comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized gains/(losses) on securities available-for-sale | $ | (8,510 | ) |  | $ | 2,430 |  |  | $ | (34,981 | ) |  | $ | 7,002 |
Net unrealized gains/(losses) on cash flow hedges | (573 | ) |  | (455 | ) |  | (4,443 | ) |  | (306 | )
Net unrealized gains/(losses) on pension and other postretirement plans | 701 |  |  | 1,175 |  |  | 1,799 |  |  | 2,772 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated condensed financial statements.
4

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

|  | First Horizon National Corporation
|  | 2018 |  | 2017
(Dollars in thousands except per share data) (Unaudited) |  | Controlling Interest |  | Noncontrolling Interest |  | Total |  | Controlling Interest |  | Noncontrolling Interest |  | Total
Balance, January 1 |  | $ | 4,285,057 |  |  | $ | 295,431 |  |  | $ | 4,580,488 |  |  | $ | 2,409,653 |  |  | $ | 295,431 |  |  | $ | 2,705,084 |
Adjustment to reflect adoption of ASU 2017-12 |  | 67 |  |  | — |  |  | 67 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Beginning balance, as adjusted |  | $ | 4,285,124 |  |  | $ | 295,431 |  |  | $ | 4,580,555 |  |  | $ | 2,409,653 |  |  | $ | 295,431 |  |  | $ | 2,705,084 |
Net income/(loss) |  | 447,147 |  |  | 8,555 |  |  | 455,702 |  |  | 216,806 |  |  | 8,555 |  |  | 225,361 |
Other comprehensive income/(loss) (a) |  | (114,613 | ) |  | — |  |  | (114,613 | ) |  | 15,270 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,270 |
Comprehensive income/(loss) |  | 332,534 |  |  | 8,555 |  |  | 341,089 |  |  | 232,076 |  |  | 8,555 |  |  | 240,631 |
Cash dividends declared: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock ($4,650 per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017) |  | (4,650 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4,650 | ) |  | (4,650 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4,650 | )
Common stock ($.36 and $.27 per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively) |  | (118,250 | ) |  | — |  |  | (118,250 | ) |  | (63,777 | ) |  | — |  |  | (63,777 | )
Common stock repurchased (b) |  | (23,997 | ) |  | — |  |  | (23,997 | ) |  | (5,285 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5,285 | )
Common stock issued for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock options and restricted stock - equity awards |  | 4,442 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,442 |  |  | 5,132 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,132 |
Acquisition equity adjustment (c) |  | (46,035 | ) |  | — |  |  | (46,035 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | 17,465 |  |  | — |  |  | 17,465 |  |  | 14,971 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,971 |
Dividends declared - noncontrolling interest of subsidiary preferred stock |  | — |  |  | (8,555 | ) |  | (8,555 | ) |  | — |  |  | (8,555 | ) |  | (8,555 | )
Other |  | (133 | ) |  | — |  |  | (133 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance, September 30 |  | $ | 4,446,500 |  |  | $ | 295,431 |  |  | $ | 4,741,931 |  |  | $ | 2,588,120 |  |  | $ | 295,431 |  |  | $ | 2,883,551 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated condensed financial statements.

(a) | Due to the nature of the preferred stock issued by FHN and its subsidiaries, all components of Other comprehensive income/(loss) have been attributed solely to FHN as the controlling interest holder.

(b) | 2018 includes $19.0 million repurchased under share repurchase programs.

(c) | See Note 2- Acquisitions and Divestitures for additional information.

5

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

|  | First Horizon National Corporation
|  | Nine months ended September 30
(Dollars in thousands) (Unaudited) |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Operating Activities |  |  |  |
Net income/(loss) |  | $ | 455,702 |  |  | $ | 225,361 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income/(loss) to net cash provided/(used) by operating activities: |  |  |  |
Provision/(provision credit) for loan losses |  | 1,000 |  |  | (3,000 | )
Provision/(benefit) for deferred income taxes |  | 106,314 |  |  | (547 | )
Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment |  | 35,700 |  |  | 25,052 |
Amortization of intangible assets |  | 19,394 |  |  | 5,160 |
Net other amortization and accretion |  | (9,991 | ) |  | 22,921 |
Net (increase)/decrease in derivatives |  | 86,135 |  |  | (14,670 | )
Fair value adjustment on interest-only strips |  | (840 | ) |  | (107 | )
Repurchase and foreclosure provision/(provision credit) |  | — |  |  | (20,000 | )
(Gains)/losses and write-downs on OREO, net |  | 814 |  |  | 44 |
Litigation and regulatory matters |  | (1,447 | ) |  | 7,409 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | 17,465 |  |  | 14,971 |
Gain on sale of held-to-maturity loans |  | 3,777 |  |  | — |
Equity securities (gains)/losses, net |  | (212,924 | ) |  | (5 | )
Debt securities (gains)/losses, net |  | (52 | ) |  | (450 | )
(Gain)/loss on extinguishment of debt |  | 1 |  |  | 14,329 |
Net (gains)/losses on sale/disposal of fixed assets |  | (2,469 | ) |  | (13 | )
(Gain)/loss on BOLI |  | (2,785 | ) |  | (3,500 | )
Loans held-for-sale: |  |  |  |
Purchases and originations |  | (1,729,549 | ) |  | (1,252,300 | )
Gross proceeds from settlements and sales (a) |  | 751,589 |  |  | 1,252,477 |
(Gain)/loss due to fair value adjustments and other |  | 13,755 |  |  | 2,485 |
Net (increase)/decrease in: |  |  |  |
Trading securities |  | 392,411 |  |  | (433,897 | )
Fixed income receivables |  | (109,109 | ) |  | (11,339 | )
Interest receivable |  | (14,052 | ) |  | (7,171 | )
Other assets |  | (6,699 | ) |  | (51,575 | )
Net increase/(decrease) in: |  |  |  |
Trading liabilities |  | 101,179 |  |  | 17,180 |
Fixed income payables |  | (12,057 | ) |  | (73,187 | )
Interest payable |  | 16,610 |  |  | 8,869 |
Other liabilities |  | (30,717 | ) |  | (35,770 | )
Total adjustments |  | (586,547 | ) |  | (536,634 | )
Net cash provided/(used) by operating activities |  | (130,845 | ) |  | (311,273 | )
Investing Activities |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |
Sales |  | 15,137 |  |  | 3,360 |
Maturities |  | 510,232 |  |  | 420,136 |
Purchases |  | (362,215 | ) |  | (426,129 | )
Held-to-maturity securities: |  |  |  |
Prepayments and maturities |  | — |  |  | 4,740 |
Premises and equipment: |  |  |  |
Sales |  | 22,794 |  |  | 2,577 |
Purchases |  | (32,928 | ) |  | (30,395 | )
Proceeds from the sale of Visa Class B shares |  | 240,206 |  |  | — |
Proceeds from sales of OREO |  | 25,328 |  |  | 9,235 |
Proceeds from sales of loans classified as held-to-maturity |  | 50,498 |  |  | — |
Proceeds from BOLI |  | 11,559 |  |  | 5,850 |
Net (increase)/decrease in: |  |  |  |
Loans |  | 283,922 |  |  | (586,426 | )
Interests retained from securitizations classified as trading securities |  | 731 |  |  | 648 |
Interest-bearing cash |  | 653,919 |  |  | 459,840 |
Cash paid related to divestitures |  | (27,599 | ) |  | — |
Cash (paid)/received for acquisition, net (b) |  | (46,017 | ) |  | (123,971 | )
Net cash provided/(used) by investing activities |  | 1,345,567 |  |  | (260,535 | )
Financing Activities |  |  |  |

6

Common stock: |  |  |  |
Stock options exercised |  | 4,443 |  |  | 5,173 |
Cash dividends paid |  | (99,753 | ) |  | (58,850 | )
Repurchase of shares (c) |  | (23,997 | ) |  | (5,285 | )
Cash dividends paid - preferred stock - noncontrolling interest |  | (8,555 | ) |  | (8,523 | )
Cash dividends paid - Series A preferred stock |  | (4,650 | ) |  | (4,650 | )
Term borrowings: |  |  |  |
Issuance |  | — |  |  | 121,184 |
Payments/maturities |  | (17,565 | ) |  | (145,285 | )
Increases in restricted and secured term borrowings |  | 5,646 |  |  | 29,231 |
Net increase/(decrease) in: |  |  |  |
Deposits |  | 417,612 |  |  | (572,621 | )
Short-term borrowings |  | (1,496,739 | ) |  | 1,261,395 |
Net cash provided/(used) by financing activities |  | (1,223,558 | ) |  | 621,769 |
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  | (8,836 | ) |  | 49,961 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  | 1,452,046 |  |  | 1,037,794 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 1,443,210 |  |  | $ | 1,087,755 |
Supplemental Disclosures |  |  |  |
Total interest paid |  | $ | 208,160 |  |  | $ | 92,405 |
Total taxes paid |  | 12,779 |  |  | 38,151 |
Total taxes refunded |  | 1,576 |  |  | 8,201 |
Transfer from loans to OREO |  | 11,388 |  |  | 5,564 |
Transfer from loans HFS to trading securities |  | 907,788 |  |  | 829,668 |

Certain previously reported amounts have been reclassified to agree with current presentation.
See accompanying notes to consolidated condensed financial statements.
(a) 2018 includes $107.4 million related to the sale of approximately $120 million UPB of subprime auto loans. See Note 2- Acquisitions and Divestitures for additional information.
(b) See Note 2- Acquisitions and Divestitures for additional information.
(c) 2018 includes $19.0 million repurchased under share repurchase programs.
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Notes to the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Note 1 – Financial Information
Basis of Accounting. The unaudited interim consolidated condensed financial statements of First Horizon National Corporation (“FHN”), including its subsidiaries, have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and follow general practices within the industries in which it operates. This preparation requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates and assumptions are based on information available as of the date of the financial statements and could differ from actual results. In the opinion of management, all necessary adjustments have been made for a fair presentation of financial position and results of operations for the periods presented. These adjustments are of a normal recurring nature unless otherwise disclosed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The operating results for the interim 2018 period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected going forward. For further information, refer to the audited consolidated financial statements in Exhibit 13 to FHN’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Revenues. Revenue is recognized when the performance obligations under the terms of a contract with a customer are satisfied in an amount that reflects the consideration FHN expects to be entitled. FHN derives a significant portion of its revenues from fee-based services. Noninterest income from transaction-based fees is generally recognized immediately upon completion of the transaction. Noninterest income from service-based fees is generally recognized over the period in which FHN provides the service. Any services performed over time generally require that FHN render services each period and therefore FHN measures progress in completing these services based upon the passage of time and recognizes revenue as invoiced.
Following is a discussion of FHN's key revenues within the scope of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers", and all related amendments, except as noted.
Fixed Income. Fixed income includes fixed income securities sales, trading, and strategies, loan sales and derivative sales which are not within the scope of revenue from contracts with customers. Fixed income also includes investment banking fees earned for services related to underwriting debt securities and performing portfolio advisory services. FHN's performance obligation for underwriting services is satisfied on the trade date while advisory services is satisfied over time.
Deposit Transactions and Cash Management. Deposit transactions and cash management activities include fees for services related to consumer and commercial deposit products (such as service charges on checking accounts), cash management products and services such as electronic transaction processing (Automated Clearing House and Electronic Data Interchange), account reconciliation services, cash vault services, lockbox processing, and information reporting to large corporate clients. FHN's obligation for transaction-based services is satisfied at the time of the transaction when the service is delivered while FHN's obligation for service based fees is satisfied over the course of each month.
Brokerage, Management Fees and Commissions. Brokerage, management fees and commissions include fees for portfolio management, trade commissions, and annuity and mutual fund sales. Asset-based management fees are charged based on the market value of the client’s assets. The services associated with these revenues, which include investment advice and active management of client assets are generally performed and recognized over a month or quarter. Transactional revenues are based on the size and number of transactions executed at the client’s direction and are generally recognized on the trade date.
Trust Services and Investment Management. Trust services and investment management fees include investment management, personal trust, employee benefits, and custodial trust services. Obligations for trust services are generally satisfied over time but may be satisfied at points in time for certain activities that are transactional in nature.
Bankcard Income. Bankcard income includes credit interchange and network revenues and various card-related fees. Interchange income is recognized concurrently with the delivery of services on a daily basis. Card-related fees such as late fees, currency conversion, and cash advance fees are loan-related and excluded from the scope of ASU 2014-09.
Contract Balances. As of September 30, 2018, accounts receivable related to products and services on non-interest income were $9.0 million. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, FHN had no material impairment losses on non-interest accounts receivable and there were no material contract assets, contract liabilities or deferred contract costs recorded on the Consolidated Condensed Statement of Condition as of September 30, 2018.
Transaction Price Allocated to Remaining Performance Obligations. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, revenue recognized from performance obligations related to prior periods was not material.
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Revenue expected to be recognized in any future year related to remaining performance obligations, excluding revenue pertaining to contracts that have an original expected duration of one year or less and contracts where revenue is recognized as invoiced, is not material.
Refer to Note 12 - Business Segment Information for a reconciliation of disaggregated revenue by major product line and reportable segment.
Debt Investment Securities. Available-for-sale ("AFS") and held-to-maturity (“HTM”) securities are reviewed quarterly for possible other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”). The review includes an analysis of the facts and circumstances of each individual investment such as the degree of loss, the length of time the fair value has been below cost, the expectation for that security’s performance, the creditworthiness of the issuer and FHN’s intent and ability to hold the security. Debt securities that may be sold prior to maturity are classified as AFS and are carried at fair value. The unrealized gains and losses on debt securities AFS, including securities for which no credit impairment exists, are excluded from earnings and are reported, net of tax, as a component of other comprehensive income within shareholders’ equity and the Statements of Comprehensive Income. Debt securities which management has the intent and ability to hold to maturity are reported at amortized cost. Interest-only strips that are classified as securities AFS are valued at elected fair value. See Note 16 - Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities for additional information.
Realized gains and losses for investment securities are determined by the specific identification method and reported in noninterest income. Declines in value judged to be other-than-temporary based on FHN’s analysis of the facts and circumstances related to an individual investment, including securities that FHN has the intent to sell, are also determined by the specific identification method. For HTM debt securities, OTTI recognized is typically credit-related and is reported in noninterest income. For impaired AFS debt securities that FHN does not intend to sell and will not be required to sell prior to recovery but for which credit losses exist, the OTTI recognized is separated between the total impairment related to credit losses which is reported in noninterest income, and the impairment related to all other factors which is excluded from earnings and reported, net of tax, as a component of other comprehensive income within shareholders’ equity and the Statements of Comprehensive Income.
Equity Investment Securities. Equity securities were classified as AFS through December 31, 2017. Subsequently, all equity securities are classified in Other assets.
National banks chartered by the federal government are, by law, members of the Federal Reserve System. Each member bank is required to own stock in its regional Federal Reserve Bank ("FRB"). Given this requirement, FRB stock may not be sold, traded, or pledged as collateral for loans. Membership in the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) network requires ownership of capital stock. Member banks are entitled to borrow funds from the FHLB and are required to pledge mortgage loans as collateral. Investments in the FHLB are non-transferable and, generally, membership is maintained primarily to provide a source of liquidity as needed. FRB and FHLB stock are recorded at cost and are subject to impairment reviews.
Other equity investments primarily consist of mutual funds which are marked to fair value through earnings. Smaller balances of equity investments without a readily determinable fair value are recorded at cost minus impairment with adjustments through earnings for observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer.
Summary of Accounting Changes.
Effective January 1, 2018, FHN adopted the provisions of ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” and all related amendments to all contracts using a modified retrospective transaction method. ASU 2014-09 does not change revenue recognition for financial assets. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This is accomplished through a five-step recognition framework involving 1) the identification of contracts with customers, 2) identification of performance obligations, 3) determination of the transaction price, 4) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations and 5) recognition of revenue as performance obligations are satisfied. Additionally, qualitative and quantitative information is required for disclosure regarding the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, “Principal versus Agent Considerations,” which provides additional guidance on whether an entity should recognize revenue on a gross or net basis, based on which party controls the specified good or service before that good or service is transferred to a customer. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, “Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing,” which clarifies the original guidance included in ASU 2014-09 for identification of the goods or services provided to customers and enhances the implementation guidance for licensing arrangements. ASU 2016-12, “Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients,” was issued in May 2016 to provide additional guidance for the implementation
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and application of ASU 2014-09. “Technical Corrections and Improvements” ASU 2016-20 was issued in December 2016 and provides further guidance on certain issues. FHN elected to adopt the provisions of the revenue recognition standards through the cumulative effect alternative and determined that there were no significant effects on the timing of recognition, which resulted in no cumulative effect adjustment being required. Beginning in first quarter 2018, in situations where FHN's broker-dealer operations serve as the lead underwriter, the associated revenues and expenses are presented gross. The effect on 2018 revenues and expenses is not expected to be significant.
Effective January 1, 2018, FHN adopted the provisions of ASU 2017-05, “Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets” through the cumulative effect approach. ASU 2017-05 clarifies the meaning and application of the term "in substance nonfinancial asset" in transactions involving both financial and nonfinancial assets. If substantially all of the fair value of the assets that are promised to the counterparty in a contract are concentrated in nonfinancial assets, then all of the financial assets promised to the counterparty are in substance nonfinancial assets within the scope of revenue recognition guidance for nonfinancial assets. ASU 2017-05 also clarifies that an entity should identify each distinct nonfinancial asset or in substance nonfinancial asset promised to a counterparty and derecognize each asset when a counterparty obtains control of it with the amount of revenue recognized based on the allocation guidance provided in ASU 2014-09. ASU 2017-05 also requires an entity to derecognize a distinct nonfinancial asset or distinct in substance nonfinancial asset in a partial sale transaction when it 1) does not have (or ceases to have) a controlling financial interest in the legal entity that holds the asset in accordance with Topic 810 and 2) transfers control of the asset in accordance with the provisions of ASU 2014-09. Once an entity transfers control of a distinct nonfinancial asset or distinct in substance nonfinancial asset, it is required to measure any noncontrolling interest it receives (or retains) at fair value. FHN determined that there were no significant effects on the timing of revenue recognition, which resulted in no cumulative effect adjustment being required.
Effective January 1, 2018, FHN adopted the provisions of ASU 2016-01, “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” ASU 2016-01 makes several revisions to the accounting, presentation and disclosure for financial instruments. Equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method, those that result in consolidation of the investee, and those held by entities subject to specialized industry accounting which already apply fair value through earnings) are required to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. This excludes FRB and FHLB stock holdings which are specifically exempted from the provisions of ASU 2016-01. An entity may elect to measure equity investments that do not have readily determinable market values at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar instruments from the same issuer. ASU 2016-01 also requires a qualitative impairment review for equity investments without readily determinable fair values, with measurement at fair value required if impairment is determined to exist. For liabilities for which fair value has been elected, ASU 2016-01 revises current accounting to record the portion of fair value changes resulting from instrument-specific credit risk within other comprehensive income rather than earnings. FHN has not elected fair value accounting for any existing financial liabilities. Additionally, ASU 2016-01 clarifies that the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities should be assessed in combination with all other deferred tax assets rather than being assessed in isolation. ASU 2016-01 also makes several changes to existing fair value presentation and disclosure requirements, including a provision that all disclosures must use an exit price concept in the determination of fair value. Transition is through a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings for equity investments with readily determinable fair values. Equity investments without readily determinable fair values, for which the accounting election is made, will have any initial fair value marks recorded through earnings prospectively after adoption.
Upon adoption, FHN reclassified $265.9 million of equity investments out of AFS securities to Other assets, leaving only debt securities within the AFS classification. FHN evaluated the nature of its current equity investments (excluding FRB and FHLB stock holdings which are specifically exempted from the provisions of ASU 2016-01) and determined that substantially all qualified for the election available to assets without readily determinable fair values. Accordingly, FHN has applied this election and any future fair value marks for these investments will be recognized through earnings on a prospective basis subsequent to adoption. The requirements of ASU 2016-01 related to assessment of deferred tax assets and disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments did not have a significant effect on FHN because its current accounting and disclosure practices conform to the requirements of ASU 2016-01.
Effective January 1, 2018, FHN adopted the provisions of ASU 2016-04, “Recognition of Breakage of Certain Prepaid Stored-Value Products,” which indicates that liabilities related to the sale of prepaid stored-value products are considered financial liabilities and should have a breakage estimate applied for estimated unused funds. ASU 2016-04 does not apply to stored-value products that can only be redeemed for cash, are subject to escheatment or are linked to a segregated bank account. The adoption of ASU 2016-04 did not have a significant effect on FHN’s current accounting and disclosure practices.
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Note 1 – Financial Information (Continued)
Effective January 1, 2018, FHN adopted the provisions of ASU 2016-15, “Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments,” which clarifies multiple cash flow presentation issues including providing guidance as to classification on the cash flow statement for certain cash receipts and cash payments where diversity in practice exists. The adoption of ASU 2016-15 was applied retroactively resulting in proceeds from bank-owned life insurance (“BOLI”) being classified as an investing activity rather than their prior classification as an operating activity. All of these amounts are included in Other assets in the Consolidated Condensed Statement of Condition. The amounts reclassified are presented in the table below.

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 |  | Fiscal Years Ended December 31
(Dollars in thousands) |  |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Proceeds from BOLI | $ | 160 |  |  | $ | 5,850 |  |  | $ | 11,440 |  |  | $ | 2,740 |  |  | $ | 2,425 |

Effective January 1, 2018, FHN retroactively adopted the provisions of ASU 2017-07, “Improving the Presentation of Net
Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost,” which requires the disaggregation of the service cost component from the other components of net benefit cost for pension and postretirement plans. Service cost must be included in the same income statement line item as other compensation-related expenses. All other components of net benefit cost are required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component, with disclosure of the line items where these amounts are recorded. FHN’s disclosures for pension and postretirement costs provide details of the service cost and all other components for expenses recognized for its applicable benefit plans. All of these amounts were previously included in Employee compensation, incentives, and benefits expense in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income. Upon adoption of ASU 2017-07 FHN reclassified the expense components other than service cost into All other expense and revised its disclosures accordingly. The amounts reclassified are presented in the table below.

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 |  | Fiscal Years Ended December 31
(Dollars in thousands) |  |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Net periodic benefit cost reclassified | $ | 415 |  |  | $ | 1,665 |  |  | $ | 1,946 |  |  | $ | (843 | ) |  | $ | (1,168 | )

Effective January 1, 2018, FHN early adopted the provisions of ASU 2017-08, “Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities,” which shortens the amortization period for securities that have explicit, noncontingent call features that are callable at fixed prices and on preset dates. In contrast to the current requirement for premium amortization to extend to the contractual maturity date, ASU 2017-08 requires the premium to be amortized to the earliest call date. ASU 2017-08 does not change the amortization of discounts, which will continue to be amortized to maturity. The new guidance does not apply to either 1) debt securities where the prepayment date is not preset or the price is not known in advance or 2) debt securities that qualify for amortization based on estimated prepayment rates. The adoption of ASU 2017-08 did not have an effect on FHN's current investments.
Effective January 1, 2018, FHN early adopted the provisions of ASU 2017-12, “Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities,” which revises the financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement requirements for qualifying hedge relationships and the presentation of hedge results. ASU 2017-12 expands permissible risk component hedging strategies, including the designation of a contractually specified interest rate (e.g., a bank’s prime rate) in hedges of cash flows from variable rate financial instruments. Additionally, ASU 2017-12 makes significant revisions to fair value hedging activities, including the ability to measure the fair value changes for a hedged item solely for changes in the benchmark interest rate, permitting partial-term hedges, limiting consideration of prepayment risk for hedged debt instruments solely to the effects of changes in the benchmark interest rate and allowing for certain hedging strategies to be applied to closed portfolios of prepayable debt instruments. ASU 2017-12 also provides elections for the exclusion of certain portions of a hedging instrument’s change in fair value from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. If elected, the fair value changes of these excluded components may be recognized immediately or recorded into other comprehensive income with recycling into earnings using a rational and systematic methodology over the life of the hedging instrument.
Under ASU 2017-12 some of the documentation requirements for hedge accounting relationships are relaxed, but the highly effective threshold has been retained. Hedge designation documentation and a prospective qualitative assessment are still required at hedge inception, but the initial quantitative analysis may be delayed until the end of the quarter the hedge is commenced. If certain criteria are met, an election can be made to perform future effectiveness assessments using a purely qualitative methodology. ASU 2017-12 also revises the income statement presentation requirements for hedging activities. For
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fair value hedges, the entire change in the fair value of the hedging instrument included in the assessment of effectiveness is recorded to the same income statement line item used to present the earnings effect of the hedged item. For cash flow hedges, the entire fair value change of the hedging instrument that is included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness is initially recorded in other comprehensive income and later recycled into earnings as the hedged transaction(s) affect net income with the income statement effects recorded in the same financial statement line item used to present the earnings effect of the hedged item.
ASU 2017-12 also makes revisions to the current disclosure requirements for hedging activities to reflect the presentation of hedging results consistent with the changes to income statement classification and to improve the disclosure of the hedging results on the balance sheet.
FHN early adopted the provisions of ASU 2017-12 in the first quarter of 2018. Prospectively, FHN is recording components of hedging results for its fair value and cash flow hedges previously recognized in other expense within either interest income or interest expense. Additionally, FHN made cumulative effect adjustments to the hedged items, accumulated other comprehensive income and retained earnings as of the beginning of 2018. The magnitude of the cumulative effect adjustments and prospective effects were insignificant for FHN’s hedge relationships.
Accounting Changes Issued but Not Currently Effective
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases,” which requires a lessee to recognize in its statement of condition a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. ASU 2016-02 leaves lessor accounting largely unchanged from prior standards. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. If a lessee makes this election, it should recognize lease expense for such leases generally on a straight-line basis over the lease term. All other leases must be classified as financing or operating leases which depends on the relationship of the lessee’s rights to the economic value of the leased asset. For finance leases, interest on the lease liability is recognized separately from amortization of the right-of-use asset in earnings, resulting in higher expense in the earlier portion of the lease term. For operating leases, a single lease cost is calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term on a generally straight-line basis.
In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, “Leases - Targeted Improvements,” which provides an election for a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings upon initial adoption of ASU 2016-02. Alternatively, under the initial guidance of ASU 2016-02, lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented using a modified retrospective approach. Both adoption alternatives include a number of optional practical expedients that entities may elect to apply, which would result in continuing to account for leases that commence before the effective date in accordance with previous requirements (unless the lease is modified) except that lessees are required to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all operating leases at each reporting date based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments that were tracked and disclosed under previous requirements. ASU 2016-02 also requires expanded qualitative and quantitative disclosures to assess the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from lease arrangements. ASU 2016-02 and ASU 2018-11 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. FHN continues to evaluate the impact of ASU 2016-02 on its current accounting and disclosure practices. Upon adoption, FHN intends to utilize the cumulative effect transition alternative provided by ASU 2018-11. FHN also intends to utilize the lease classification practical expedients and the short-term lease exemption upon adoption. FHN currently estimates that adoption of ASU 2016-02 will result in recognition of lease assets of approximately $185 million and lease liabilities of approximately $195 million along with smaller impacts to other balance sheet classifications as well as an after-tax increase in retained earnings of approximately $3 million, primarily reflecting the recognition of deferred gains associated with prior sale-leaseback transactions. Since FHN will elect to determine the discount rate on leases as of the effective date and will also elect to use hindsight in determining remaining lease terms as well as impairments of lease assets resulting from lease abandonments upon adoption, this amount may change based on revisions to the inputs used in calculating this estimated adoption effect.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which revises the measurement and recognition of credit losses for assets measured at amortized cost (e.g., held-to-maturity (“HTM”) loans and debt securities) and available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities. Under ASU 2016-13, for assets measured at amortized cost, the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) is measured as the difference between amortized cost and the net amount expected to be collected. This represents a departure from existing GAAP as the “incurred loss” methodology for recognizing credit losses delays recognition until it is probable a loss has been incurred. The measurement of current expected credit losses is based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable
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forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. Additionally, current disclosures of credit quality indicators in relation to the amortized cost of financing receivables will be further disaggregated by year of origination. ASU 2016-13 leaves the methodology for measuring credit losses on AFS debt securities largely unchanged, with the maximum credit loss representing the difference between amortized cost and fair value. However, such credit losses will be recognized through an allowance for credit losses, which permits recovery of previously recognized credit losses if circumstances change.
ASU 2016-13 also revises the recognition of credit losses for purchased financial assets with a more-than insignificant amount of credit deterioration since origination (“PCD assets”). For PCD assets, the initial allowance for credit losses is added to the purchase price. Only subsequent changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded as a credit loss expense for PCD assets. Interest income for PCD assets will be recognized based on the effective interest rate, excluding the discount embedded in the purchase price that is attributable to the acquirer’s assessment of credit losses at acquisition. Currently, credit losses for purchased credit-impaired assets are included in the initial basis of the assets with subsequent declines in credit resulting in expense while subsequent improvements in credit are reflected as an increase in the future yield from the assets.
The provisions of ASU 2016-13 will be generally adopted through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in the year of adoption. Prospective implementation is required for debt securities for which an other-than-temporary-impairment (“OTTI”) had been previously recognized. Amounts previously recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) as of the date of adoption that relate to improvements in cash flows expected to be collected will continue to be accreted into income over the remaining life of the asset. Recoveries of amounts previously written off relating to improvements in cash flows after the date of adoption will be recorded in earnings when received. A prospective transition approach will be used for existing PCD assets where, upon adoption, the amortized cost basis will be adjusted to reflect the addition of the allowance for credit losses. Thus, an entity will not be required to reassess its purchased financial assets that exist as of the date of adoption to determine whether they would have met at acquisition the new criteria of more-than-insignificant credit deterioration since origination. An entity will accrete the remaining noncredit discount (based on the revised amortized cost basis) into interest income at the effective interest rate at the adoption date.
ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. FHN continues to evaluate the impact of ASU 2016-13. FHN has met with industry experts, initiated training for key employees associated with the new standard, and defined an initial approach that it is currently testing. FHN has begun developing the formal models and processes that will be required to implement the new standard.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement,” which makes multiple revisions to current disclosures requirements for fair value measurements. ASU 2018-13 removes the disclosure requirements for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the policy for the timing of recognition for transfers between fair value levels and the discussion of valuation processes for Level 3 measurements. Additional disclosure is required for unrealized gains and losses recognized with accumulated other comprehensive income and the weighted average and range of unobservable inputs used in Level 3 measurements. ASU 2018-13 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The amendments on changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty should be applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. Early adoption is permitted at an individual level for each removed or modified disclosure while adoption of other changes may be delayed until their effective date. FHN is assessing the effects of ASU 2018-13 on its current fair value disclosures.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, “Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans,” which makes multiple revisions to the disclosure requirements for defined benefit pension and postretirement plans. ASU 2018-14 removes the disclosure requirements for 1) the amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal year, 2) the amount and timing of plan assets expected to be returned to the employer, and 3) the effects of a one-percentage-point change in assumed health care cost trend rates on the (a) aggregate of the service and interest cost components of net periodic benefit costs and (b) benefit obligation for postretirement health care benefits. ASU 2018-14 adds disclosures for 1) the weighted-average interest crediting rates for plans with promised interest crediting rates, 2) an explanation of the reasons for significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligation for the period, 3) the projected benefit obligation ("PBO") and fair value of plan assets for plans with PBOs in excess of plan assets and 4) the accumulated benefit obligation ("ABO") and fair value of plan assets for plans with ABOs in excess of plan assets. ASU 2018-14 is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020 with full
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Note 1 – Financial Information (Continued)
retrospective presentation required. Early adoption is permitted. FHN is assessing the effects of ASU 2018-14 on its current benefit plan disclosures.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, “Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract,” which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal use software license). Capitalized implemented costs are required to be expensed over the term of the hosting arrangement which includes the non-cancellable period of the arrangement plus periods covered by (1) an option to extend the arrangement if the customer is reasonably certain to exercise that option, (2) an option to terminate the arrangement if the customer is reasonably certain not to exercise the termination option, and (3) an option to extend (or not to terminate) the arrangement in which exercise of the option is in the control of the vendor. ASU 2018-15 also requires application of the impairment guidance applicable to long-lived assets to the capitalized implementation costs. Amortization expense related to capitalized implementation costs must be presented in the same line item in the statement of income as the fees associated with the hosting element (service) of the arrangement and payments for capitalized implementation costs will be classified in the statement of cash flows in the same manner as payments made for fees associated with the hosting element. Capitalized implementation costs will be presented in the statement of financial position in the same line item that a prepayment for the fees of the associated hosting arrangement would be presented. ASU 2018-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted. Adoption may be either fully retrospective or prospective only. FHN is assessing the effects of ASU 2018-15 on it current accounting practices.
14

Note 2 – Acquisitions and Divestitures
On November 30, 2017, FHN completed its acquisition of Capital Bank Financial Corporation ("CBF") and its subsidiaries, including Capital Bank Corporation, for an aggregate of 92,042,232 shares of FHN common stock and $423.6 million in cash in a transaction valued at $2.2 billion. In second quarter 2018, FHN canceled 2,373,220 common shares which had been issued but set aside for certain shareholders of CBF who have commenced a dissenters' appraisal process resulting in a reduction in equity consideration and an increase in cash consideration of $46.0 million. The final appraisal or settlement amount, as applicable, may differ from current estimates. CBF operated 178 branches in North and South Carolina, Tennessee, Florida and Virginia at the time of closing. In relation to the acquisition, FHN acquired approximately $9.9 billion in assets, including approximately $7.3 billion in loans and $1.2 billion in AFS securities, and assumed approximately $8.1 billion of CBF deposits.
The following schedule details acquired assets and liabilities and consideration paid, as well as adjustments to record the assets and liabilities at their estimated fair values as of November 30, 2017. These fair value measurements are based on third party and internal valuations.

|  | Capital Bank Financial Corporation
|  | As |  | Purchase Accounting/Fair |  |
|  | Acquired |  | Value Adjustments (unaudited) |  | As recorded
(Dollars in thousands) |  | (unaudited) |  | 2017 |  | 2018 (a) |  | by FHN
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 205,999 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 205,999 |
Trading securities |  | 4,758 |  |  | (4,758 | ) | (b) | — |  |  | — |
Loans held-for-sale |  | — |  |  | 134,003 |  |  | (9,085 | ) |  | 124,918 |
Securities available-for-sale |  | 1,017,867 |  |  | 175,526 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,193,393 |
Securities held-to-maturity |  | 177,549 |  |  | (177,549 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Loans |  | 7,596,049 |  |  | (320,372 | ) |  | 867 |  |  | 7,276,544 |
Allowance for loan losses |  | (45,711 | ) |  | 45,711 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
CBF Goodwill |  | 231,292 |  |  | (231,292 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Other intangible assets |  | 24,498 |  |  | 119,302 |  |  | (2,593 | ) |  | 141,207 |
Premises and equipment |  | 196,298 |  |  | 37,054 |  |  | (2,351 | ) |  | 231,001 |
OREO |  | 43,077 |  |  | (9,149 | ) |  | (315 | ) |  | 33,613 |
Other assets |  | 617,232 |  |  | 41,320 |  | (c) | (7,248 | ) | (c) | 651,304 |
Total assets acquired |  | $ | 10,068,908 |  |  | $ | (190,204 | ) |  | $ | (20,725 | ) |  | $ | 9,857,979 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  | $ | 8,141,593 |  |  | $ | (849 | ) |  | $ | (642 | ) |  | $ | 8,140,102 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase |  | 26,664 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26,664 |
Other short-term borrowings |  | 390,391 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 390,391 |
Term borrowings |  | 119,486 |  |  | 67,683 |  |  | — |  |  | 187,169 |
Other liabilities |  | 59,995 |  |  | 4,291 |  |  | 2,908 |  |  | 67,194 |
Total liabilities assumed |  | 8,738,129 |  |  | 71,125 |  |  | 2,266 |  |  | 8,811,520 |
Net assets acquired |  | $ | 1,330,779 |  |  | $ | (261,329 | ) |  | $ | (22,991 | ) |  | 1,046,459 |
Consideration paid: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,746,724 | )
Cash |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (469,609 | )
Total consideration paid |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,216,333 | )
Goodwill |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,169,874 |

(a) | Amounts reflect adjustments made to provisional fair value estimates during the measurement period ending November 30, 2018. These adjustments were recorded in FHN's Consolidated Condensed Statement of Condition as of September 30, 2018 with a corresponding adjustment to goodwill.

(b) | Amount represents a conformity adjustment to align with FHN presentation.

(c) | Amount primarily relates to a net deferred tax asset recorded for the effects of the purchase accounting adjustments.

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Note 2 – Acquisitions and Divestitures (Continued)
Due to the timing of merger completion in relation to the previous year end, the fact that back office functions (including loan and deposit processing) have only recently been integrated, the evaluation of post-merger activity, and the extended information gathering and management review processes required to properly record acquired assets and liabilities, FHN considers its valuations of CBF's loans, loans held-for-sale, premises and equipment, other assets, tax receivables and payables, lease intangibles, other liabilities and acquired contingencies to be provisional as management continues to identify and assess information regarding the nature of these assets and liabilities and reviews the associated valuation assumptions and methodologies. Accordingly, the amounts recorded for current and deferred tax assets and liabilities are also considered provisional as FHN continues to evaluate the nature and extent of temporary (timing) and permanent differences between the book and tax bases of the acquired assets and liabilities assumed. Additionally, the accounting policies of both FHN and CBF are in the process of being reviewed in detail. Upon completion of such review, conforming adjustments or financial statement reclassification may be determined.
In relation to the acquisition, FHN has recorded preliminary goodwill of approximately $1.2 billion, representing the excess of acquisition consideration over the estimated fair value of net assets acquired.
All expenses related to the merger and integration with CBF are recorded in FHN's Corporate segment. Integration activities were substantially completed in second quarter 2018.
Total CBF merger and integration expense recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 are presented in the table below:

| Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Professional fees (a) | $ | 4,594 |  |  | $ | 3,492 |  |  | $ | 19,215 |  |  | $ | 8,004 |
Employee compensation, incentives and benefits (b) | 1,965 |  |  | 232 |  |  | 8,459 |  |  | 232 |
Contract employment and outsourcing (c) | 599 |  |  | 351 |  |  | 3,702 |  |  | 351 |
Occupancy (d) | 100 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 2,321 |  |  | 15 |
Miscellaneous expense (e) | 1,384 |  |  | 130 |  |  | 6,522 |  |  | 234 |
All other expense (f) | 1,548 |  |  | 2,771 |  |  | 41,833 |  |  | 2,786 |
Total | $ | 10,190 |  |  | $ | 6,991 |  |  | $ | 82,052 |  |  | $ | 11,622 |

(a) Primarily comprised of fees for legal, accounting, investment bankers, and merger consultants.
(b) Primarily comprised of fees for severance and retention.
(c) Primarily relates to fees for temporary assistance for merger and integration activities.
(d) Primarily relates to fees associated with lease exit accruals.
(e) Consists of fees for Operations services, communications and courier, equipment rentals, depreciation, and maintenance,
supplies, travel and entertainment, computer software, and advertising and public relations.
(f) Primarily relates to contract termination charges, costs of shareholder matters and asset impairments related
to the integration, as well as other miscellaneous expenses.
On March 23, 2018, FHN divested two branches, including approximately $30 million of deposits and $2 million of loans, to Apex Bank, a Tennessee banking corporation. The branches, both in Greeneville, Tennessee, were divested in connection with First Horizon's agreement with the U.S. Department of Justice and commitments to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, which were entered into in connection with a customary review of FHN's merger with CBF.
In second quarter 2018, FHN sold approximately $120 million UPB of its subprime auto loans. These loans, originally acquired as part of the CBF acquisition, did not fit within FHN's risk profile. Based on the sales price, a measurement period adjustment to the acquisition-date fair value of the subprime auto loans was recorded in second quarter 2018.
On April 3, 2017, FTN Financial acquired substantially all of the assets and assumed substantially all of the liabilities of Coastal Securities, Inc. (“Coastal”), a national leader in the trading, securiti zation, and analysis of Small Business Administration (“SBA”) loans, for appro ximately $131 million in cash. Coastal, which was based in Houston, TX, also traded United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”) loans and fixed income products and provided municipal underwriting and advisory services to its clients. Coastal’s government-guaranteed loan products, combined with FTN Financial’s existing SBA trading activities, have established an additional major product sector for FTN Financial. In relation to the acquisition, FTN
16

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Note 2 – Acquisitions and Divestitures (Continued)
Financial acquired approximately $418 million in assets, inclusive of approximately $236 million of HFS loans and $139 million of trading securities, and assumed approximately $202 million of securities sold under agreements to repurchase and $96 million of fixed income payables. In relation to the acquisition, FHN has recorded $45.0 million in goodwill representing the excess of acquisition consideration over the estimated fair value of net assets acquired.
See Note 2- Acquisitions and Divestitures in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, for additional information about the CBF and Coastal acquisitions.
In addition to the transactions mentioned above, FHN acquires or divests assets from time to time in transactions that are considered business combinations or divestitures but are not material to FHN individually or in the aggregate.
17

Note 3 – Investment Securities
The following tables summarize FHN’s investment securities on September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

|  | September 30, 2018
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. treasuries |  | $ | 100 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 98 |
Government agency issued mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) |  | 2,504,101 |  |  | 2,987 |  |  | (92,211 | ) |  | 2,414,877 |
Government agency issued collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMO”) |  | 2,077,326 |  |  | 216 |  |  | (86,358 | ) |  | 1,991,184 |
Other U.S. government agencies |  | 114,053 |  |  | — |  |  | (965 | ) |  | 113,088 |
Corporates and other debt |  | 55,495 |  |  | 270 |  |  | (691 | ) |  | 55,074 |
States and municipalities |  | 24,151 |  |  | — |  |  | (450 | ) |  | 23,701 |
|  | $ | 4,775,226 |  |  | $ | 3,473 |  |  | $ | (180,677 | ) |  | 4,598,022 |
AFS debt securities recorded at fair value through earnings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
SBA-interest only strips (a) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10,361 |
Total securities available-for-sale (b) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,608,383 |
Securities held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporates and other debt |  | $ | 10,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (244 | ) |  | $ | 9,756 |
Total securities held-to-maturity |  | $ | 10,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (244 | ) |  | $ | 9,756 |

(a) | SBA-interest only strips are recorded at elected fair value. See Note 16 - Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities for additional information.

(b) | Includes $3.6 billion of securities pledged to secure public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and for other purposes.

|  | December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. treasuries |  | $ | 100 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | 99 |
Government agency issued MBS |  | 2,580,442 |  |  | 10,538 |  |  | (13,604 | ) |  | 2,577,376 |
Government agency issued CMO |  | 2,302,439 |  |  | 1,691 |  |  | (34,272 | ) |  | 2,269,858 |
Corporates and other debt |  | 55,799 |  |  | 23 |  |  | (40 | ) |  | 55,782 |
Equity and other (a) |  | 265,863 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 265,870 |
|  | $ | 5,204,643 |  |  | $ | 12,259 |  |  | $ | (47,917 | ) |  | 5,168,985 |
AFS debt securities recorded at fair value through earnings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
SBA-interest only strips (b) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,270 |
Total securities available-for-sale (c) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,170,255 |
Securities held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporates and other debt |  | $ | 10,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (99 | ) |  | $ | 9,901 |
Total securities held-to-maturity |  | $ | 10,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (99 | ) |  | $ | 9,901 |

(a) | Includes restricted investments in FHLB-Cincinnati stock of $87.9 million and FRB stock of $134.6 million. The remainder is money market, mutual funds, and cost method investments. Equity investments were reclassified to Other assets upon adoption of ASU 2016-01 on January 1, 2018.

(b) | SBA-interest only strips are recorded at elected fair value. See Note 16 - Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities for additional information.

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Note 3 – Investment Securities (Continued)

(c) | Includes $4.0 billion of securities pledged to secure public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and for other purposes.

The amortized cost and fair value by contractual maturity for the available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities portfolios on September 30, 2018 are provided below:

|  | Held-to-Maturity |  | Available-for-Sale
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Within 1 year |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,188 |  |  | $ | 15,025 |
After 1 year; within 5 years |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 154,460 |  |  | 153,261 |
After 5 years; within 10 years |  | 10,000 |  |  | 9,756 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,741 |
After 10 years |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 24,151 |  |  | 30,295 |
Subtotal |  | 10,000 |  |  | 9,756 |  |  | 193,799 |  |  | 202,322 |
Government agency issued MBS and CMO (a) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,581,427 |  |  | 4,406,061 |
Total |  | $ | 10,000 |  |  | $ | 9,756 |  |  | $ | 4,775,226 |  |  | $ | 4,608,383 |

(a) | Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

The table below provides information on gross gains and gross losses from debt investment securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. Equity securities are included for periods prior to 2018.

|  | Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Gross gains on sales of securities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 52 |  |  | $ | 455 |
Gross (losses) on sales of securities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net gain/(loss) on sales of securities (a) (b) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 52 |  |  | $ | 455 |

(a) | Cash proceeds from the sale of available-for-sale securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were not material.

(b) | Nine months ended September 30, 2017 includes a $.4 million gain associated with the call of a $4.4 million held-to-maturity municipal bond.

The following tables provide information on investments within the available-for-sale portfolio that had unrealized losses as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

|  | As of September 30, 2018
|  | Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or longer |  | Total
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
U.S. treasuries |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 98 |  |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 98 |  |  | $ | (2 | )
Government agency issued MBS |  | 1,500,317 |  |  | (52,607 | ) |  | 732,470 |  |  | (39,604 | ) |  | 2,232,787 |  |  | (92,211 | )
Government agency issued CMO |  | 1,000,444 |  |  | (28,664 | ) |  | 963,763 |  |  | (57,694 | ) |  | 1,964,207 |  |  | (86,358 | )
Other U.S. government agencies |  | 113,088 |  |  | (965 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 113,088 |  |  | (965 | )
Corporates and other debt |  | 40,024 |  |  | (691 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 40,024 |  |  | (691 | )
States and municipalities |  | 23,701 |  |  | (450 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23,701 |  |  | (450 | )
Total temporarily impaired securities |  | $ | 2,677,574 |  |  | $ | (83,377 | ) |  | $ | 1,696,331 |  |  | $ | (97,300 | ) |  | $ | 4,373,905 |  |  | $ | (180,677 | )

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Note 3 – Investment Securities (Continued)

|  | As of December 31, 2017
|  | Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or longer |  | Total
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
U.S. treasuries |  | $ | 99 |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 99 |  |  | $ | (1 | )
Government agency issued MBS |  | 1,455,476 |  |  | (4,738 | ) |  | 331,900 |  |  | (8,866 | ) |  | 1,787,376 |  |  | (13,604 | )
Government agency issued CMO |  | 1,043,987 |  |  | (7,464 | ) |  | 832,173 |  |  | (26,808 | ) |  | 1,876,160 |  |  | (34,272 | )
Corporates and other debt |  | 15,294 |  |  | (40 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15,294 |  |  | (40 | )
Total temporarily impaired securities |  | $ | 2,514,856 |  |  | $ | (12,243 | ) |  | $ | 1,164,073 |  |  | $ | (35,674 | ) |  | $ | 3,678,929 |  |  | $ | (47,917 | )

FHN has reviewed debt investment securities that were in unrealized loss positions in accordance with its accounting policy for OTTI and does not consider them other-than-temporarily impaired. For debt securities with unrealized losses, FHN does not intend to sell them and it is more-likely-than-not that FHN will not be required to sell them prior to recovery. The decline in value is primarily attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit losses.
The carrying amount of equity investments without a readily determinable fair value was $21.6 million and $16.3 million at September 30, 2018 and January 1, 2018, respectively. The year-to-date 2018 gross amounts of upward and downward valuation adjustments were not significant.
Unrealized gains of $1.0 million and $2.1 million were recognized in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, for equity investments with readily determinable fair values.
In third quarter 2018 FHN sold its remaining holdings of Visa Class B Shares resulting in a pre-tax gain of $212.9 million recognized within the Corporate segment. See the Visa Matters section of Note 10 - Contingencies and Other Disclosures and Other Derivatives section of Note 14 - Derivatives for more information regarding FHN’s Visa shares.
20

Note 4 – Loans
The following table provides the balance of loans, net of unearned income, by portfolio segment as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

|  | September 30 |  | December 31
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Commercial: |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, and industrial |  | $ | 16,044,145 |  |  | $ | 16,057,273 |
Commercial real estate |  | 4,237,036 |  |  | 4,214,695 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |
Consumer real estate (a) |  | 6,191,183 |  |  | 6,367,755 |
Permanent mortgage |  | 347,054 |  |  | 399,307 |
Credit card & other |  | 530,796 |  |  | 619,899 |
Loans, net of unearned income |  | $ | 27,350,214 |  |  | $ | 27,658,929 |
Allowance for loan losses |  | 185,959 |  |  | 189,555 |
Total net loans |  | $ | 27,164,255 |  |  | $ | 27,469,374 |

(a) | Balances as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, include $17.1 million and $24.2 million of restricted real estate loans, respectively. See Note 13—Variable Interest Entities for additional information.

COMPONENTS OF THE LOAN PORTFOLIO
The loan portfolio is disaggregated into segments and then further disaggregated into classes for certain disclosures. GAAP defines a portfolio segment as the level at which an entity develops and documents a systematic method for determining its allowance for credit losses. A class is generally determined based on the initial measurement attribute (i.e., amortized cost or purchased credit-impaired), risk characteristics of the loan, and FHN’s method for monitoring and assessing credit risk. Commercial loan portfolio segments include commercial, financial and industrial (“C&I”) and commercial real estate. Commercial classes within C&I include general C&I, loans to mortgage companies, the trust preferred loans (“TRUPs”) (i.e. long-term unsecured loans to bank and insurance-related businesses) portfolio and purchased credit-impaired (“PCI”) loans. Loans to mortgage companies include commercial lines of credit to qualified mortgage companies primarily for the temporary warehousing of eligible mortgage loans prior to the borrower’s sale of those mortgage loans to third party investors. Commercial classes within CRE include income CRE, residential CRE and PCI loans. Consumer loan portfolio segments include consumer real estate, permanent mortgage, and the credit card and other portfolio. Consumer classes include home equity lines of credit (“HELOCs”), real estate (“R/E”) installment and PCI loans within the consumer real estate segment, permanent mortgage (which is both a segment and a class), and credit card and other.
Concentrations
FHN has a concentration of residential real estate loans (24 percent of total loans), the majority of which is in the consumer real estate segment (23 percent of total loans). Loans to finance and insurance companies total $2.7 billion (17 percent of the C&I portfolio, or 10 percent of the total loans). FHN had loans to mortgage companies totaling $2.1 billion (13 percent of the C&I segment, or 8 percent of total loans) as of September 30, 2018. As a result, 30 percent of the C&I segment is sensitive to impacts on the financial services industry.
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Note 4 – Loans (Continued)
Purchased Credit-Impaired Loans
The following table presents a rollforward of the accretable yield for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 14,474 |  |  | $ | 4,045 |  |  | $ | 15,623 |  |  | $ | 6,871 |
Accretion |  | (2,183 | ) |  | (642 | ) |  | (6,927 | ) |  | (2,412 | )
Adjustment for payoffs |  | (840 | ) |  | (198 | ) |  | (2,559 | ) |  | (1,232 | )
Adjustment for charge-offs |  | (122 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,046 | ) |  | — |
Adjustment for pool excess recovery (a) |  | (123 | ) |  | — |  |  | (123 | ) |  | (222 | )
Increase/(decrease) in accretable yield (b) |  | 4,062 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 10,721 |  |  | 112 |
Disposals |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (240 | ) |  | — |
Other |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (181 | ) |  | 86 |
Balance, end of period |  | $ | 15,268 |  |  | $ | 3,203 |  |  | $ | 15,268 |  |  | $ | 3,203 |

(a) | Represents the removal of accretable difference for the remaining loans in a pool which is now in a recovery state.

(b) | Includes changes in the accretable yield due to both transfers from the nonaccretable difference and the impact of changes in the expected timing and amounts of the cash flows.

At September 30, 2018, the ALLL related to PCI loans was $3.4 million compared to $3.2 million at December 31, 2017. A loan loss provision expense related to PCI loans of $.9 million was recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to a loan loss provision expense of $2.6 million recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2017. A loan loss provision expense related to PCI loans of $3.5 million was recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to a loan loss provision expense of $2.4 million recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
The following table reflects the outstanding principal balance and carrying amounts of the acquired PCI loans as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

|  | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Carrying value |  | Unpaid balance |  | Carrying value |  | Unpaid balance
Commercial, financial and industrial |  | $ | 47,841 |  |  | $ | 53,265 |  |  | $ | 96,598 |  |  | $ | 109,280 |
Commercial real estate |  | 23,174 |  |  | 26,970 |  |  | 36,107 |  |  | 41,488 |
Consumer real estate |  | 33,203 |  |  | 37,900 |  |  | 38,176 |  |  | 42,568 |
Credit card and other |  | 2,229 |  |  | 2,545 |  |  | 5,500 |  |  | 6,351 |
Total |  | $ | 106,447 |  |  | $ | 120,680 |  |  | $ | 176,381 |  |  | $ | 199,687 |

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Note 4 – Loans (Continued)
Impaired Loans
The following tables provide information at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, by class related to individually impaired loans and consumer TDRs, regardless of accrual status. Recorded investment is defined as the amount of the investment in a loan, excluding any valuation allowance but including any direct write-down of the investment. For purposes of this disclosure, PCI loans and the TRUPs valuation allowance have been excluded.

|  | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Recorded Investment |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Related Allowance |  | Recorded Investment |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Related Allowance
Impaired loans with no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General C&I |  | $ | 21,555 |  |  | $ | 21,910 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,183 |  |  | $ | 17,372 |  |  | $ | — |
Income CRE |  | 1,611 |  |  | 1,611 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential CRE |  | 495 |  |  | 963 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 23,661 |  |  | $ | 24,484 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,183 |  |  | $ | 17,372 |  |  | $ | — |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
HELOC (a) |  | $ | 7,874 |  |  | $ | 15,869 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,258 |  |  | $ | 19,193 |  |  | $ | — |
R/E installment loans (a) |  | 5,891 |  |  | 6,518 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,093 |  |  | 4,663 |  |  | — |
Permanent mortgage (a) |  | 3,703 |  |  | 6,043 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,132 |  |  | 7,688 |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 17,468 |  |  | $ | 28,430 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18,483 |  |  | $ | 31,544 |  |  | $ | — |
Impaired loans with related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General C&I |  | $ | 29,058 |  |  | $ | 29,058 |  |  | $ | 5,103 |  |  | $ | 31,774 |  |  | $ | 38,256 |  |  | $ | 5,119 |
TRUPs |  | 2,936 |  |  | 3,700 |  |  | 925 |  |  | 3,067 |  |  | 3,700 |  |  | 925 |
Income CRE |  | 397 |  |  | 397 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,612 |  |  | 1,612 |  |  | 49 |
Residential CRE |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 795 |  |  | 1,263 |  |  | 83 |
Total |  | $ | 32,391 |  |  | $ | 33,155 |  |  | $ | 6,028 |  |  | $ | 37,248 |  |  | $ | 44,831 |  |  | $ | 6,176 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
HELOC |  | $ | 67,086 |  |  | $ | 70,168 |  |  | $ | 11,136 |  |  | $ | 72,469 |  |  | $ | 75,207 |  |  | $ | 14,382 |
R/E installment loans |  | 38,878 |  |  | 39,581 |  |  | 6,940 |  |  | 43,075 |  |  | 43,827 |  |  | 8,793 |
Permanent mortgage |  | 71,130 |  |  | 81,971 |  |  | 9,996 |  |  | 79,662 |  |  | 90,934 |  |  | 12,105 |
Credit card & other |  | 552 |  |  | 552 |  |  | 293 |  |  | 593 |  |  | 593 |  |  | 311 |
Total |  | $ | 177,646 |  |  | $ | 192,272 |  |  | $ | 28,365 |  |  | $ | 195,799 |  |  | $ | 210,561 |  |  | $ | 35,591 |
Total commercial |  | $ | 56,052 |  |  | $ | 57,639 |  |  | $ | 6,028 |  |  | $ | 45,431 |  |  | $ | 62,203 |  |  | $ | 6,176 |
Total consumer |  | $ | 195,114 |  |  | $ | 220,702 |  |  | $ | 28,365 |  |  | $ | 214,282 |  |  | $ | 242,105 |  |  | $ | 35,591 |
Total impaired loans |  | $ | 251,166 |  |  | $ | 278,341 |  |  | $ | 34,393 |  |  | $ | 259,713 |  |  | $ | 304,308 |  |  | $ | 41,767 |

(a) | All discharged bankruptcy loans are charged down to an estimate of net realizable value and do not carry any allowance.

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Note 4 – Loans (Continued)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Nine months ended September 30
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized
Impaired loans with no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General C&I |  | $ | 23,740 |  |  | $ | 203 |  |  | $ | 5,771 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 21,506 |  |  | $ | 561 |  |  | $ | 8,706 |  |  | $ | — |
Income CRE |  | 1,680 |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,379 |  |  | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential CRE |  | 500 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 416 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 25,920 |  |  | $ | 215 |  |  | $ | 5,771 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 23,301 |  |  | $ | 598 |  |  | $ | 8,706 |  |  | $ | — |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
HELOC (a) |  | $ | 8,343 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,225 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,878 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,536 |  |  | $ | — |
R/E installment loans (a) |  | 4,631 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,182 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,032 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,014 |  |  | — |
Permanent mortgage (a) |  | 3,949 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,693 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,638 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,701 |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 16,923 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 20,100 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,548 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 20,251 |  |  | $ | — |
Impaired loans with related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General C&I |  | $ | 16,375 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 26,144 |  |  | $ | 193 |  |  | $ | 16,038 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 29,136 |  |  | $ | 597 |
TRUPs |  | 2,960 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,117 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,004 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,157 |  |  | — |
Income CRE |  | 199 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 1,628 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 335 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 1,737 |  |  | 39 |
Residential CRE |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,044 |  |  | — |  |  | 133 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,210 |  |  | 10 |
Total |  | $ | 19,534 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 31,933 |  |  | $ | 204 |  |  | $ | 19,510 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 35,240 |  |  | $ | 646 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
HELOC |  | $ | 68,913 |  |  | $ | 556 |  |  | $ | 74,894 |  |  | $ | 554 |  |  | $ | 70,452 |  |  | $ | 1,711 |  |  | $ | 78,859 |  |  | $ | 1,695 |
R/E installment loans |  | 39,147 |  |  | 246 |  |  | 47,628 |  |  | 315 |  |  | 40,512 |  |  | 764 |  |  | 49,634 |  |  | 950 |
Permanent mortgage |  | 71,898 |  |  | 585 |  |  | 79,305 |  |  | 616 |  |  | 74,617 |  |  | 1,737 |  |  | 82,186 |  |  | 1,805 |
Credit card & other |  | 578 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 452 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 626 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 351 |  |  | 8 |
Total |  | $ | 180,536 |  |  | $ | 1,390 |  |  | $ | 202,279 |  |  | $ | 1,488 |  |  | $ | 186,207 |  |  | $ | 4,221 |  |  | $ | 211,030 |  |  | $ | 4,458 |
Total commercial |  | $ | 45,454 |  |  | $ | 220 |  |  | $ | 37,704 |  |  | $ | 204 |  |  | $ | 42,811 |  |  | $ | 603 |  |  | $ | 43,946 |  |  | $ | 646 |
Total consumer |  | $ | 197,459 |  |  | $ | 1,390 |  |  | $ | 222,379 |  |  | $ | 1,488 |  |  | $ | 203,755 |  |  | $ | 4,221 |  |  | $ | 231,281 |  |  | $ | 4,458 |
Total impaired loans |  | $ | 242,913 |  |  | $ | 1,610 |  |  | $ | 260,083 |  |  | $ | 1,692 |  |  | $ | 246,566 |  |  | $ | 4,824 |  |  | $ | 275,227 |  |  | $ | 5,104 |

(a) | All discharged bankruptcy loans are charged down to an estimate of net realizable value and do not carry any allowance.

Asset Quality Indicators
FHN employs a dual grade commercial risk grading methodology to assign an estimate for the probability of default (“PD”) and the loss given default (“LGD”) for each commercial loan using factors specific to various industry, portfolio, or product segments that result in a rank ordering of risk and the assignment of grades PD 1 to PD 16. This credit grading system is intended to identify and measure the credit quality of the loan portfolio by analyzing the migration of loans between grading categories. It is also integral to the estimation methodology utilized in determining the allowance for loan losses since an allowance is established for pools of commercial loans based on the credit grade assigned. Each PD grade corresponds to an estimated one-year default probability percentage; a PD 1 has the lowest expected default probability, and probabilities increase as grades progress down the scale. PD 1 through PD 12 are “pass” grades. PD grades 13-16 correspond to the regulatory-defined categories of special mention (13), substandard (14), doubtful (15), and loss (16). Pass loan grades are required to be reassessed annually or earlier whenever there has been a material change in the financial condition of the borrower or risk characteristics of the relationship. All commercial loans over $1 million and certain commercial loans over $500,000 that are graded 13 or worse are reassessed on a quarterly basis. Loan grading discipline is regularly reviewed internally by Credit Assurance Services to determine if the process continues to result in accurate loan grading across the portfolio. FHN may utilize availability of guarantors/sponsors to support lending decisions during the credit underwriting process and when determining the assignment of internal loan grades. LGD grades are assigned based on a scale of 1-12 and represent FHN’s expected recovery based on collateral type in the event a loan defaults. See Note 5 – Allowance for Loan Losses for further discussion on the credit grading system.
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Note 4 – Loans (Continued)
The following tables provide the balances of commercial loan portfolio classes with associated allowance, disaggregated by PD grade as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

|  | September 30, 2018
(Dollars in thousands) |  | General C&I |  | Loans to Mortgage Companies |  | TRUPs (a) |  | Income CRE |  | Residential CRE |  | Total |  | Percentage of Total |  | Allowance for Loan Losses
PD Grade: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1 |  | $ | 600,373 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 418 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 600,791 |  |  | 3 | % |  | $ | 64 |
2 |  | 840,685 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,815 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 843,537 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 261 |
3 |  | 730,939 |  |  | 639,378 |  |  | — |  |  | 218,170 |  |  | 82 |  |  | 1,588,569 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 242 |
4 |  | 909,454 |  |  | 456,311 |  |  | — |  |  | 543,486 |  |  | 121 |  |  | 1,909,372 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 594 |
5 |  | 1,879,972 |  |  | 257,625 |  |  | 36,620 |  |  | 689,740 |  |  | 8,334 |  |  | 2,872,291 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 8,677 |
6 |  | 1,578,359 |  |  | 450,207 |  |  | 90,297 |  |  | 604,757 |  |  | 36,743 |  |  | 2,760,363 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 8,269 |
7 |  | 2,390,220 |  |  | 98,832 |  |  | 52,927 |  |  | 505,988 |  |  | 16,990 |  |  | 3,064,957 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 15,154 |
8 |  | 1,202,328 |  |  | 84,915 |  |  | 4,068 |  |  | 235,595 |  |  | 15,487 |  |  | 1,542,393 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 20,265 |
9 |  | 1,974,390 |  |  | 105,098 |  |  | 45,117 |  |  | 978,148 |  |  | 75,336 |  |  | 3,178,089 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 20,617 |
10 |  | 459,567 |  |  | — |  |  | 18,536 |  |  | 45,560 |  |  | 4,266 |  |  | 527,929 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 9,156 |
11 |  | 283,724 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 52,546 |  |  | 396 |  |  | 336,666 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 8,033 |
12 |  | 275,015 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 100,868 |  |  | 5,759 |  |  | 381,642 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 6,636 |
13 |  | 288,183 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,786 |  |  | 58,840 |  |  | 73 |  |  | 352,882 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 10,711 |
14,15,16 |  | 181,927 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,986 |  |  | 796 |  |  | 192,709 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 17,596 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  | 13,595,136 |  |  | 2,092,366 |  |  | 253,351 |  |  | 4,046,917 |  |  | 164,420 |  |  | 20,152,190 |  |  | 99 |  |  | 126,275 |
Individually evaluated for impairment |  | 50,613 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,936 |  |  | 2,008 |  |  | 495 |  |  | 56,052 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,028 |
Purchased credit-impaired loans |  | 49,743 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,573 |  |  | 3,623 |  |  | 72,939 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1,926 |
Total commercial loans |  | $ | 13,695,492 |  |  | $ | 2,092,366 |  |  | $ | 256,287 |  |  | $ | 4,068,498 |  |  | $ | 168,538 |  |  | $ | 20,281,181 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 134,229 |

(a) | Balances presented net of a $20.5 million valuation allowance. Based on the underlying structure of the notes, the highest possible internal grade was “13” prior to second quarter 2018. In second quarter 2018, this portfolio was re-graded to align with the scorecard grading methodologies which resulted in upgrades to a majority of this portfolio. In 3Q18, FHN sold $55.5 million of TRUPs loans with a $5.0 million valuation allowance. Upon sale, a gain of $3.8 million was recognized in the Non-Strategic segment within Fixed Income in the Consolidated Condensed Statement of Income.

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Note 4 – Loans (Continued)

|  | December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) |  | General C&I |  | Loans to Mortgage Companies |  | TRUPs (a) |  | Income CRE |  | Residential CRE |  | Total |  | Percentage of Total |  | Allowance for Loan Losses
PD Grade: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1 |  | $ | 536,244 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,500 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 538,744 |  |  | 3 | % |  | $ | 70 |
2 |  | 877,635 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,798 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 879,502 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 339 |
3 |  | 582,224 |  |  | 652,982 |  |  | — |  |  | 210,073 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 1,445,319 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 272 |
4 |  | 959,581 |  |  | 629,432 |  |  | — |  |  | 309,699 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,898,712 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 854 |
5 |  | 1,461,632 |  |  | 328,477 |  |  | — |  |  | 415,764 |  |  | 2,474 |  |  | 2,208,347 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 7,355 |
6 |  | 1,668,247 |  |  | 335,169 |  |  | — |  |  | 456,706 |  |  | 3,179 |  |  | 2,463,301 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 10,495 |
7 |  | 2,257,400 |  |  | 47,720 |  |  | — |  |  | 554,590 |  |  | 9,720 |  |  | 2,869,430 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 13,490 |
8 |  | 1,092,994 |  |  | 35,266 |  |  | — |  |  | 241,938 |  |  | 6,454 |  |  | 1,376,652 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 21,831 |
9 |  | 2,633,854 |  |  | 70,915 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,630,176 |  |  | 61,475 |  |  | 4,396,420 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 9,804 |
10 |  | 373,537 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 43,297 |  |  | 4,590 |  |  | 421,424 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 8,808 |
11 |  | 226,382 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31,785 |  |  | 2,936 |  |  | 261,103 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 6,784 |
12 |  | 409,838 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 156,717 |  |  | 6,811 |  |  | 573,366 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 5,882 |
13 |  | 202,613 |  |  | — |  |  | 303,848 |  |  | 15,707 |  |  | 268 |  |  | 522,436 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 7,265 |
14,15,16 |  | 228,852 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,587 |  |  | 823 |  |  | 236,262 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 24,400 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  | 13,511,033 |  |  | 2,099,961 |  |  | 303,848 |  |  | 4,077,337 |  |  | 98,839 |  |  | 20,091,018 |  |  | 99 |  |  | 117,649 |
Individually evaluated for impairment |  | 39,957 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,067 |  |  | 1,612 |  |  | 795 |  |  | 45,431 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,176 |
Purchased credit-impaired loans |  | 99,407 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31,615 |  |  | 4,497 |  |  | 135,519 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2,813 |
Total commercial loans |  | $ | 13,650,397 |  |  | $ | 2,099,961 |  |  | $ | 306,915 |  |  | $ | 4,110,564 |  |  | $ | 104,131 |  |  | $ | 20,271,968 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 126,638 |

(a) | Balances presented net of a $25.5 million valuation allowance. Based on the underlying structure of the notes, the highest possible internal grade was “13” prior to second quarter 2018. In second quarter 2018, this portfolio was re-graded to align with the scorecard grading methodologies which resulted in upgrades to a majority of this portfolio.

The consumer portfolio is comprised primarily of smaller-balance loans which are very similar in nature in that most are standard products and are backed by residential real estate. Because of the similarities of consumer loan-types, FHN is able to utilize the Fair Isaac Corporation (“FICO”) score, among other attributes, to assess the credit quality of consumer borrowers. FICO scores are refreshed on a quarterly basis in an attempt to reflect the recent risk profile of the borrowers. Accruing delinquency amounts are indicators of asset quality within the credit card and other consumer portfolio.
The following table reflects the percentage of balances outstanding by average, refreshed FICO scores for the HELOC, real estate installment, and permanent mortgage classes of loans as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

|  | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
|  | HELOC |  | R/E Installment Loans |  | Permanent Mortgage |  | HELOC |  | R/E Installment Loans |  | Permanent Mortgage
FICO score 740 or greater |  | 60.8 | % |  |  | 71.1 | % |  |  | 51.2 | % |  |  | 60.0 | % |  |  | 73.1 | % |  |  | 46.4 | % |
FICO score 720-739 |  | 8.5 |  |  |  | 9.0 |  |  |  | 8.5 |  |  |  | 8.7 |  |  |  | 8.0 |  |  |  | 12.8 |  |
FICO score 700-719 |  | 8.1 |  |  |  | 6.6 |  |  |  | 9.0 |  |  |  | 8.3 |  |  |  | 6.4 |  |  |  | 9.2 |  |
FICO score 660-699 |  | 10.9 |  |  |  | 8.0 |  |  |  | 15.9 |  |  |  | 11.1 |  |  |  | 7.2 |  |  |  | 14.8 |  |
FICO score 620-659 |  | 5.2 |  |  |  | 2.8 |  |  |  | 6.5 |  |  |  | 4.9 |  |  |  | 2.8 |  |  |  | 7.3 |  |
FICO score less than 620 (a) |  | 6.5 |  |  |  | 2.5 |  |  |  | 8.9 |  |  |  | 7.0 |  |  |  | 2.5 |  |  |  | 9.5 |  |
Total |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 100.0 | % |

(a) | For this group, a majority of the loan balances had FICO scores at the time of the origination that exceeded 620 but have since deteriorated as the loans have seasoned.

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Note 4 – Loans (Continued)
Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans
The following table reflects accruing and non-accruing loans by class on September 30, 2018:

|  | Accruing |  | Non-Accruing |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Current |  | 30-89 Days Past Due |  | 90+ Days Past Due |  | Total Accruing |  | Current |  | 30-89 Days Past Due |  | 90+ Days Past Due |  | Total Non- Accruing |  | Total Loans
Commercial (C&I): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General C&I |  | $ | 13,597,235 |  |  | $ | 9,202 |  |  | $ | 124 |  |  | $ | 13,606,561 |  |  | $ | 25,713 |  |  | $ | 1,284 |  |  | $ | 12,191 |  |  | $ | 39,188 |  |  | $ | 13,645,749 |
Loans to mortgage companies |  | 2,092,366 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,092,366 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,092,366 |
TRUPs (a) |  | 253,351 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 253,351 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,936 |  |  | 2,936 |  |  | 256,287 |
Purchased credit-impaired loans |  | 35,784 |  |  | 384 |  |  | 13,575 |  |  | 49,743 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 49,743 |
Total commercial (C&I) |  | 15,978,736 |  |  | 9,586 |  |  | 13,699 |  |  | 16,002,021 |  |  | 25,713 |  |  | 1,284 |  |  | 15,127 |  |  | 42,124 |  |  | 16,044,145 |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income CRE |  | 4,041,797 |  |  | 6,652 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,048,449 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 404 |  |  | 476 |  |  | 4,048,925 |
Residential CRE |  | 164,338 |  |  | 47 |  |  | — |  |  | 164,385 |  |  | 35 |  |  | — |  |  | 495 |  |  | 530 |  |  | 164,915 |
Purchased credit-impaired loans |  | 21,373 |  |  | 1,718 |  |  | 105 |  |  | 23,196 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23,196 |
Total commercial real estate |  | 4,227,508 |  |  | 8,417 |  |  | 105 |  |  | 4,236,030 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 899 |  |  | 1,006 |  |  | 4,237,036 |
Consumer real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
HELOC |  | 1,495,298 |  |  | 14,582 |  |  | 8,531 |  |  | 1,518,411 |  |  | 48,400 |  |  | 4,038 |  |  | 7,611 |  |  | 60,049 |  |  | 1,578,460 |
R/E installment loans |  | 4,541,642 |  |  | 8,589 |  |  | 8,008 |  |  | 4,558,239 |  |  | 15,219 |  |  | 2,239 |  |  | 2,692 |  |  | 20,150 |  |  | 4,578,389 |
Purchased credit-impaired loans |  | 28,475 |  |  | 2,183 |  |  | 3,676 |  |  | 34,334 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 34,334 |
Total consumer real estate |  | 6,065,415 |  |  | 25,354 |  |  | 20,215 |  |  | 6,110,984 |  |  | 63,619 |  |  | 6,277 |  |  | 10,303 |  |  | 80,199 |  |  | 6,191,183 |
Permanent mortgage |  | 315,746 |  |  | 4,051 |  |  | 4,935 |  |  | 324,732 |  |  | 12,217 |  |  | 749 |  |  | 9,356 |  |  | 22,322 |  |  | 347,054 |
Credit card & other: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Credit card |  | 193,681 |  |  | 1,292 |  |  | 1,078 |  |  | 196,051 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 196,051 |
Other |  | 326,672 |  |  | 4,078 |  |  | 718 |  |  | 331,468 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 535 |  |  | 706 |  |  | 332,174 |
Purchased credit-impaired loans |  | 1,007 |  |  | 835 |  |  | 729 |  |  | 2,571 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,571 |
Total credit card & other |  | 521,360 |  |  | 6,205 |  |  | 2,525 |  |  | 530,090 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 535 |  |  | 706 |  |  | 530,796 |
Total loans, net of unearned income |  | $ | 27,108,765 |  |  | $ | 53,613 |  |  | $ | 41,479 |  |  | $ | 27,203,857 |  |  | $ | 101,712 |  |  | $ | 8,425 |  |  | $ | 36,220 |  |  | $ | 146,357 |  |  | $ | 27,350,214 |

(a) TRUPs is presented net of the valuation allowance of $20.5 million.
27

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Note 4 – Loans (Continued)
The following table reflects accruing and non-accruing loans by class on December 31, 2017:

|  | Accruing |  | Non-Accruing |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Current |  | 30-89 Days Past Due |  | 90+ Days Past Due |  | Total Accruing |  | Current |  | 30-89 Days Past Due |  | 90+ Days Past Due |  | Total Non- Accruing |  | Total Loans
Commercial (C&I): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General C&I |  | $ | 13,514,752 |  |  | $ | 8,057 |  |  | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | 13,522,904 |  |  | $ | 1,761 |  |  | $ | 7,019 |  |  | $ | 19,306 |  |  | $ | 28,086 |  |  | $ | 13,550,990 |
Loans to mortgage companies |  | 2,099,961 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,099,961 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,099,961 |
TRUPs (a) |  | 303,848 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 303,848 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,067 |  |  | 3,067 |  |  | 306,915 |
Purchased credit-impaired loans |  | 77,843 |  |  | 2,207 |  |  | 19,357 |  |  | 99,407 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 99,407 |
Total commercial (C&I) |  | 15,996,404 |  |  | 10,264 |  |  | 19,452 |  |  | 16,026,120 |  |  | 1,761 |  |  | 7,019 |  |  | 22,373 |  |  | 31,153 |  |  | 16,057,273 |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income CRE |  | 4,077,106 |  |  | 1,240 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,078,346 |  |  | 56 |  |  | — |  |  | 546 |  |  | 602 |  |  | 4,078,948 |
Residential CRE |  | 98,844 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 98,844 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 791 |  |  | 791 |  |  | 99,635 |
Purchased credit-impaired loans |  | 31,173 |  |  | 2,686 |  |  | 2,253 |  |  | 36,112 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36,112 |
Total commercial real estate |  | 4,207,123 |  |  | 3,926 |  |  | 2,253 |  |  | 4,213,302 |  |  | 56 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,337 |  |  | 1,393 |  |  | 4,214,695 |
Consumer real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
HELOC |  | 1,743,776 |  |  | 17,744 |  |  | 9,702 |  |  | 1,771,222 |  |  | 40,508 |  |  | 3,626 |  |  | 8,354 |  |  | 52,488 |  |  | 1,823,710 |
R/E installment loans |  | 4,475,669 |  |  | 7,274 |  |  | 3,573 |  |  | 4,486,516 |  |  | 14,439 |  |  | 1,957 |  |  | 2,603 |  |  | 18,999 |  |  | 4,505,515 |
Purchased credit-impaired loans |  | 35,356 |  |  | 2,016 |  |  | 1,158 |  |  | 38,530 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 38,530 |
Total consumer real estate |  | 6,254,801 |  |  | 27,034 |  |  | 14,433 |  |  | 6,296,268 |  |  | 54,947 |  |  | 5,583 |  |  | 10,957 |  |  | 71,487 |  |  | 6,367,755 |
Permanent mortgage |  | 365,527 |  |  | 3,930 |  |  | 3,460 |  |  | 372,917 |  |  | 13,245 |  |  | 1,052 |  |  | 12,093 |  |  | 26,390 |  |  | 399,307 |
Credit card & other: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Credit card |  | 193,940 |  |  | 1,371 |  |  | 1,053 |  |  | 196,364 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 196,364 |
Other |  | 415,070 |  |  | 2,666 |  |  | 103 |  |  | 417,839 |  |  | 31 |  |  | — |  |  | 165 |  |  | 196 |  |  | 418,035 |
Purchased credit-impaired loans |  | 2,993 |  |  | 1,693 |  |  | 814 |  |  | 5,500 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,500 |
Total credit card & other |  | 612,003 |  |  | 5,730 |  |  | 1,970 |  |  | 619,703 |  |  | 31 |  |  | — |  |  | 165 |  |  | 196 |  |  | 619,899 |
Total loans, net of unearned income |  | $ | 27,435,858 |  |  | $ | 50,884 |  |  | $ | 41,568 |  |  | $ | 27,528,310 |  |  | $ | 70,040 |  |  | $ | 13,654 |  |  | $ | 46,925 |  |  | $ | 130,619 |  |  | $ | 27,658,929 |

(a) TRUPs is presented net of the valuation allowance of $25.5 million.
28

Table of Contents
Note 4 – Loans (Continued)
Troubled Debt Restructurings
As part of FHN’s ongoing risk management practices, FHN attempts to work with borrowers when necessary to extend or modify loan terms to better align with their current ability to repay. Extensions and modifications to loans are made in accordance with internal policies and guidelines which conform to regulatory guidance. Each occurrence is unique to the borrower and is evaluated separately.
A modification is classified as a TDR if the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and it is determined that FHN has granted a concession to the borrower. FHN may determine that a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty if the borrower is currently in default on any of its debt, or if it is probable that a borrower may default in the foreseeable future. Many aspects of a borrower’s financial situation are assessed when determining whether they are experiencing financial difficulty. Concessions could include extension of the maturity date, reductions of the interest rate (which may make the rate lower than current market for a new loan with similar risk), reduction or forgiveness of accrued interest, or principal forgiveness. The assessments of whether a borrower is experiencing (or is likely to experience) financial difficulty, and whether a concession has been granted, are subjective in nature and management’s judgment is required when determining whether a modification is classified as a TDR.
For all classes within the commercial portfolio segment, TDRs are typically modified through forbearance agreements (generally 6 to 12 months). Forbearance agreements could include reduced interest rates, reduced payments, release of guarantor, or entering into short sale agreements. FHN’s proprietary modification programs for consumer loans are generally structured using parameters of U.S. government-sponsored programs such as the former Home Affordable Modification Program (“HAMP”). Within the HELOC and R/E installment loans classes of the consumer portfolio segment, TDRs are typically modified by reducing the interest rate (in increments of 25 basis points to a minimum of 1 percent for up to 5 years) and a possible maturity date extension to reach an affordable housing debt-to-income ratio. After 5 years, the interest rate generally returns to the original interest rate prior to modification; for certain modifications, the modified interest rate increases 2 percent per year until the original interest rate prior to modification is achieved. Permanent mortgage TDRs are typically modified by reducing the interest rate (in increments of 25 basis points to a minimum of 2 percent for up to 5 years) and a possible maturity date extension to reach an affordable housing debt-to-income ratio. After 5 years, the interest rate steps up 1 percent every year until it reaches the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation Weekly Survey Rate cap. Contractual maturities may be extended to 40 years on permanent mortgages and to 30 years for consumer real estate loans. Within the credit card class of the consumer portfolio segment, TDRs are typically modified through either a short-term credit card hardship program or a longer-term credit card workout program. In the credit card hardship program, borrowers may be granted rate and payment reductions for 6 months to 1 year. In the credit card workout program, customers are granted a rate reduction to 0 percent and term extensions for up to 5 years to pay off the remaining balance.
Despite the absence of a loan modification, the discharge of personal liability through bankruptcy proceedings is considered a concession. As a result, FHN classifies all non-reaffirmed residential real estate loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy as nonaccruing TDRs.
On September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, FHN had $236.5 million and $234.4 million of portfolio loans classified as TDRs, respectively. For TDRs in the loan portfolio, FHN had loan loss reserves of $28.4 million, or 12 percent as of September 30, 2018, and $37.3 million, or 16 percent as of December 31, 2017. Additionally, $57.9 million and $63.2 million of loans held-for-sale as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, were classified as TDRs.
29

Table of Contents
Note 4 – Loans (Continued)
The following tables reflect portfolio loans that were classified as TDRs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Number |  | Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Number |  | Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
Commercial (C&I): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General C&I |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 25,591 |  |  | $ | 25,439 |  |  | 9 |  |  | $ | 27,639 |  |  | $ | 27,190 |
Total commercial (C&I) |  | 1 |  |  | 25,591 |  |  | 25,439 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 27,639 |  |  | 27,190 |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income CRE |  | 1 |  |  | 442 |  |  | 442 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 643 |  |  | 637 |
Total commercial real estate |  | 1 |  |  | 442 |  |  | 442 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 643 |  |  | 637 |
Consumer real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
HELOC |  | 15 |  |  | 1,057 |  |  | 1,041 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 7,641 |  |  | 7,580 |
R/E installment loans |  | 62 |  |  | 4,561 |  |  | 4,356 |  |  | 77 |  |  | 5,944 |  |  | 5,738 |
Total consumer real estate |  | 77 |  |  | 5,618 |  |  | 5,397 |  |  | 156 |  |  | 13,585 |  |  | 13,318 |
Permanent mortgage |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 709 |  |  | 713 |
Credit card & other |  | 12 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 80 |  |  | 370 |  |  | 350 |
Total troubled debt restructurings |  | 91 |  |  | $ | 31,716 |  |  | $ | 31,337 |  |  | 254 |  |  | $ | 42,946 |  |  | $ | 42,208 |
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Number |  | Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Number |  | Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
Commercial (C&I): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General C&I |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | $ | 842 |  |  | $ | 836 |
Total commercial (C&I) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 842 |  |  | 836 |
Consumer real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
HELOC |  | 45 |  |  | 4,451 |  |  | 4,396 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 9,333 |  |  | 9,139 |
R/E installment loans |  | 15 |  |  | 1,630 |  |  | 1,622 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 3,386 |  |  | 3,306 |
Total consumer real estate |  | 60 |  |  | 6,081 |  |  | 6,018 |  |  | 150 |  |  | 12,719 |  |  | 12,445 |
Permanent mortgage |  | 2 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 2,043 |  |  | 2,028 |
Credit card & other |  | 37 |  |  | 261 |  |  | 251 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 426 |  |  | 411 |
Total troubled debt restructurings |  | 99 |  |  | $ | 6,376 |  |  | $ | 6,301 |  |  | 229 |  |  | $ | 16,030 |  |  | $ | 15,720 |

30

Table of Contents
Note 4 – Loans (Continued)
The following tables present TDRs which re-defaulted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, and as to which the modification occurred 12 months or less prior to the re-default. For purposes of this disclosure, FHN generally defines payment default as 30 or more days past due.

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Number |  | Recorded Investment |  | Number |  | Recorded Investment
Commercial (C&I): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General C&I |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 321 |  |  | 2 |  |  | $ | 579 |
Total commercial (C&I) |  | 1 |  |  | 321 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 579 |
Consumer real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
HELOC |  | 1 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 204 |
R/E installment loans |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 25 |
Total consumer real estate |  | 1 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 229 |
Permanent mortgage |  | 3 |  |  | 294 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 699 |
Credit card & other |  | 13 |  |  | 56 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 212 |
Total troubled debt restructurings |  | 18 |  |  | $ | 711 |  |  | 52 |  |  | $ | 1,719 |
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Number |  | Recorded Investment |  | Number |  | Recorded Investment
Commercial (C&I): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General C&I |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 1,763 |  |  | 4 |  |  | $ | 9,770 |
Total commercial (C&I) |  | 1 |  |  | 1,763 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 9,770 |
Commercial Real Estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income CRE |  | 1 |  |  | 88 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 88 |
Total Commercial real estate |  | 1 |  |  | 88 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 88 |
Consumer real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
HELOC |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 685 |
Total consumer real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 685 |
Permanent mortgage |  | 1 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 627 |
Credit card & other |  | 2 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 30 |
Total troubled debt restructurings |  | 5 |  |  | $ | 1,952 |  |  | 16 |  |  | $ | 11,200 |

31

Note 5 – Allowance for Loan Losses
The ALLL includes the following components: reserves for commercial loans evaluated based on pools of credit graded loans and reserves for pools of smaller-balance homogeneous consumer loans, both determined in accordance with ASC 450-20-50. The reserve factors applied to these pools are an estimate of probable incurred losses based on management’s evaluation of historical net losses from loans with similar characteristics and are subject to qualitative adjustments by management to reflect current events, trends, and conditions (including economic considerations and trends). The current economic conditions and trends, performance of the housing market, unemployment levels, labor participation rate, regulatory guidance, and both positive and negative portfolio segment-specific trends, are examples of additional factors considered by management in determining the ALLL. Additionally, management considers the inherent uncertainty of quantitative models that are driven by historical loss data. Management evaluates the periods of historical losses that are the basis for the loss rates used in the quantitative models and selects historical loss periods that are believed to be the most reflective of losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date. Management also periodically reviews analysis of the loss emergence period which is the amount of time it takes for a loss to be confirmed (initial charge-off) after a loss event has occurred. FHN performs extensive studies as it relates to the historical loss periods used in the model and the loss emergence period and model assumptions are adjusted accordingly. The ALLL also includes reserves determined in accordance with ASC 310-10-35 for loans determined by management to be individually impaired and an allowance associated with PCI loans. See Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note 5 - Allowance for Loan Losses in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements on FHN’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, for additional information about the policies and methodologies used in the aforementioned components of the ALLL.
32

Table of Contents
Note 5 – Allowance for Loan Losses (Continued)
The following table provides a rollforward of the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | C&I |  | Commercial Real Estate |  | Consumer Real Estate |  | Permanent Mortgage |  | Credit Card and Other |  | Total
Balance as of July 1, 2018 |  | $ | 96,834 |  |  | $ | 33,832 |  |  | $ | 31,769 |  |  | $ | 14,078 |  |  | $ | 8,949 |  |  | $ | 185,462 |
Charge-offs |  | (1,391 | ) |  | (9 | ) |  | (2,801 | ) |  | (15 | ) |  | (5,266 | ) |  | (9,482 | )
Recoveries |  | 1,052 |  |  | 267 |  |  | 5,302 |  |  | 554 |  |  | 804 |  |  | 7,979 |
Provision/(provision credit) for loan losses |  | 3,819 |  |  | (175 | ) |  | (7,733 | ) |  | (1,137 | ) |  | 7,226 |  |  | 2,000 |
Balance as of September 30, 2018 |  | 100,314 |  |  | 33,915 |  |  | 26,537 |  |  | 13,480 |  |  | 11,713 |  |  | 185,959 |
Balance as of January 1, 2018 |  | $ | 98,211 |  |  | $ | 28,427 |  |  | $ | 37,371 |  |  | $ | 15,565 |  |  | $ | 9,981 |  |  | $ | 189,555 |
Charge-offs |  | (6,753 | ) |  | (281 | ) |  | (6,193 | ) |  | (475 | ) |  | (14,271 | ) |  | (27,973 | )
Recoveries |  | 3,607 |  |  | 348 |  |  | 15,129 |  |  | 1,250 |  |  | 3,043 |  |  | 23,377 |
Provision/(provision credit) for loan losses |  | 5,249 |  |  | 5,421 |  |  | (19,770 | ) |  | (2,860 | ) |  | 12,960 |  |  | 1,000 |
Balance as of September 30, 2018 |  | 100,314 |  |  | 33,915 |  |  | 26,537 |  |  | 13,480 |  |  | 11,713 |  |  | 185,959 |
Allowance - individually evaluated for impairment |  | 6,028 |  |  | — |  |  | 18,076 |  |  | 9,996 |  |  | 293 |  |  | 34,393 |
Allowance - collectively evaluated for impairment |  | 92,382 |  |  | 33,893 |  |  | 7,331 |  |  | 3,484 |  |  | 11,078 |  |  | 148,168 |
Allowance - purchased credit-impaired loans |  | 1,904 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 1,130 |  |  | — |  |  | 342 |  |  | 3,398 |
Loans, net of unearned as of September 30, 2018: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment |  | 53,549 |  |  | 2,503 |  |  | 119,729 |  |  | 74,833 |  |  | 552 |  |  | 251,166 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  | 15,940,853 |  |  | 4,211,337 |  |  | 6,037,120 |  |  | 272,221 |  |  | 527,673 |  |  | 26,989,204 |
Purchased credit-impaired loans |  | 49,743 |  |  | 23,196 |  |  | 34,334 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,571 |  |  | 109,844 |
Total loans, net of unearned income |  | $ | 16,044,145 |  |  | $ | 4,237,036 |  |  | $ | 6,191,183 |  |  | $ | 347,054 |  |  | $ | 530,796 |  |  | $ | 27,350,214 |
Balance as of July 1, 2017 |  | $ | 92,379 |  |  | $ | 30,470 |  |  | $ | 46,069 |  |  | $ | 16,398 |  |  | $ | 11,941 |  |  | $ | 197,257 |
Charge-offs |  | (3,723 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3,601 | ) |  | (173 | ) |  | (3,173 | ) |  | (10,670 | )
Recoveries |  | 601 |  |  | 278 |  |  | 6,188 |  |  | 542 |  |  | 671 |  |  | 8,280 |
Provision/(provision credit) for loan losses |  | 8,948 |  |  | (1,065 | ) |  | (7,717 | ) |  | (1,048 | ) |  | 882 |  |  | — |
Balance as of September 30, 2017 |  | 98,205 |  |  | 29,683 |  |  | 40,939 |  |  | 15,719 |  |  | 10,321 |  |  | 194,867 |
Balance as of January 1, 2017 |  | $ | 89,398 |  |  | $ | 33,852 |  |  | $ | 50,357 |  |  | $ | 16,289 |  |  | $ | 12,172 |  |  | $ | 202,068 |
Charge-offs |  | (6,188 | ) |  | (20 | ) |  | (11,401 | ) |  | (1,499 | ) |  | (9,805 | ) |  | (28,913 | )
Recoveries |  | 2,877 |  |  | 639 |  |  | 17,007 |  |  | 1,933 |  |  | 2,256 |  |  | 24,712 |
Provision/(provision credit) for loan losses |  | 12,118 |  |  | (4,788 | ) |  | (15,024 | ) |  | (1,004 | ) |  | 5,698 |  |  | (3,000 | )
Balance as of September 30, 2017 |  | 98,205 |  |  | 29,683 |  |  | 40,939 |  |  | 15,719 |  |  | 10,321 |  |  | 194,867 |
Allowance - individually evaluated for impairment |  | 6,895 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 23,936 |  |  | 12,601 |  |  | 246 |  |  | 43,804 |
Allowance - collectively evaluated for impairment |  | 88,529 |  |  | 29,557 |  |  | 16,649 |  |  | 3,118 |  |  | 10,075 |  |  | 147,928 |
Allowance - purchased credit-impaired loans |  | 2,781 |  |  | — |  |  | 354 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,135 |
Loans, net of unearned as of September 30, 2017: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment |  | 32,028 |  |  | 2,320 |  |  | 135,858 |  |  | 84,081 |  |  | 544 |  |  | 254,831 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  | 12,739,091 |  |  | 2,244,895 |  |  | 4,232,564 |  |  | 319,001 |  |  | 349,889 |  |  | 19,885,440 |
Purchased credit-impaired loans |  | 20,725 |  |  | 3,800 |  |  | 1,295 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25,820 |
Total loans, net of unearned income |  | $ | 12,791,844 |  |  | $ | 2,251,015 |  |  | $ | 4,369,717 |  |  | $ | 403,082 |  |  | $ | 350,433 |  |  | $ | 20,166,091 |

33

Note 6 – Intangible Assets
The following is a summary of other intangible assets included in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition:

|  | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Value |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Value
Core deposit intangibles (a) |  | $ | 157,150 |  |  | $ | (23,148 | ) |  | $ | 134,002 |  |  | $ | 160,650 |  |  | $ | (8,176 | ) |  | $ | 152,474 |
Customer relationships |  | 77,865 |  |  | (54,404 | ) |  | 23,461 |  |  | 77,865 |  |  | (50,777 | ) |  | 27,088 |
Other (b) |  | 5,622 |  |  | (1,590 | ) |  | 4,032 |  |  | 5,622 |  |  | (795 | ) |  | 4,827 |
Total |  | $ | 240,637 |  |  | $ | (79,142 | ) |  | $ | 161,495 |  |  | $ | 244,137 |  |  | $ | (59,748 | ) |  | $ | 184,389 |

(a) | 2018 decrease in gross carrying amounts associated with the sale of two CBF branches and purchase accounting measurement period adjustments related to the CBF acquisition. See Note 2 - Acquisitions and Divestitures for additional information.

(b) | Balance primarily includes noncompete covenants, as well as $.3 million related to state banking licenses not subject to amortization.

Amortization expense was $6.5 million and $2.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively and $19.4 million and $5.2 million for nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As of September 30, 2018 the estimated aggregated amortization expense is expected to be:

(Dollars in thousands) |  |
Year |  | Amortization
Remainder of 2018 |  | $ | 6,471 |
2019 |  | 24,834 |
2020 |  | 21,159 |
2021 |  | 19,547 |
2022 |  | 17,412 |
2023 |  | 16,117 |

Gross goodwill, accumulated impairments, and accumulated divestiture related write-offs were determined beginning January 1, 2012, when a change in accounting requirements resulted in goodwill being assessed for impairment rather than being amortized. Gross goodwill of $200.0 million with accumulated impairments and accumulated divestiture-related write-offs of $114.1 million and $85.9 million, respectively, were previously allocated to the non-strategic segment, resulting in $0 net goodwill allocated to the non-strategic segment as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The regional banking and fixed income segments do not have any accumulated impairments or divestiture related write-offs. The following is a summary of goodwill by reportable segment included in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

(Dollars in thousands) |  | Regional Banking |  | Fixed Income |  | Total
December 31, 2016 |  | $ | 93,367 |  |  | $ | 98,004 |  |  | $ | 191,371 |
Additions (a) |  | — |  |  | 44,964 |  |  | 44,964 |
September 30, 2017 |  | $ | 93,367 |  |  | $ | 142,968 |  |  | $ | 236,335 |
December 31, 2017 |  | $ | 1,243,885 |  |  | $ | 142,968 |  |  | $ | 1,386,853 |
Additions (a) |  | 22,969 |  |  | — |  |  | 22,969 |
September 30, 2018 |  | $ | 1,266,854 |  |  | $ | 142,968 |  |  | $ | 1,409,822 |

(a) 2017 increase associated with the Coastal acquisition, 2018 increase associated with measurement period adjustments for the CBF acquisition. See Note 2 - Acquisitions and Divestitures for additional information.
34

Note 7 – Other Income and Other Expense
Following is detail of All other income and commissions and All other expense as presented in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income:

| Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
All other income and commissions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other service charges | $ | 3,758 |  |  | $ | 2,954 |  |  | $ | 11,609 |  |  | $ | 9,047 |
ATM and interchange fees | 3,263 |  |  | 3,137 |  |  | 9,943 |  |  | 8,998 |
Dividend income (a) | 2,757 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,130 |  |  | — |
Mortgage banking | 2,533 |  |  | 1,354 |  |  | 7,510 |  |  | 3,883 |
Deferred compensation | 1,458 |  |  | 1,128 |  |  | 2,900 |  |  | 4,446 |
Electronic banking fees | 1,309 |  |  | 1,282 |  |  | 3,741 |  |  | 3,911 |
Letter of credit fees | 1,307 |  |  | 1,211 |  |  | 3,851 |  |  | 3,369 |
Insurance commissions | 396 |  |  | 567 |  |  | 1,629 |  |  | 2,042 |
Gain/(loss) on extinguishment of debt (b) | (1 | ) |  | (14,329 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (14,329 | )
Other | 5,875 |  |  | 2,739 |  |  | 16,020 |  |  | 7,684 |
Total | $ | 22,655 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 65,332 |  |  | $ | 29,051 |
All other expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Travel and entertainment | $ | 3,988 |  |  | $ | 2,798 |  |  | $ | 12,102 |  |  | $ | 8,308 |
Other insurance and taxes | 2,761 |  |  | 2,396 |  |  | 8,178 |  |  | 7,229 |
Employee training and dues | 1,682 |  |  | 1,198 |  |  | 5,310 |  |  | 4,194 |
Supplies | 1,635 |  |  | 928 |  |  | 5,458 |  |  | 2,884 |
Non-service components of net periodic pension and post-retirement cost | 1,585 |  |  | 454 |  |  | 3,619 |  |  | 1,782 |
Tax credit investments | 1,370 |  |  | 762 |  |  | 3,586 |  |  | 2,646 |
Customer relations | 1,328 |  |  | 1,361 |  |  | 3,749 |  |  | 4,240 |
OREO | 1,256 |  |  | 303 |  |  | 2,174 |  |  | 953 |
Miscellaneous loan costs | 543 |  |  | 757 |  |  | 2,720 |  |  | 2,078 |
Litigation and regulatory matters | (1,541 | ) |  | 8,162 |  |  | 609 |  |  | 8,403 |
Other (c) | 11,094 |  |  | 8,994 |  |  | 64,527 |  |  | 29,837 |
Total | $ | 25,701 |  |  | $ | 28,113 |  |  | $ | 112,032 |  |  | $ | 72,554 |

Certain previously reported amounts have been revised to reflect the retroactive effect of the adoption of ASU 2017-07 “Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost.” See Note 1 - Financial Information for additional information.

(a) | Effective January 1, 2018, FHN adopted ASU 2016-01, “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” and began recording dividend income from FRB and FHLB holdings in Other income. Prior to first quarter 2018 these amounts were included in Interest income on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income.

(b) | Loss on extinguishment of debt for three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 relates to the repurchase of equity securities previously included in a financing transaction.

(c) | Expense increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 largely attributable to an increase in acquisition- and integration-related expense primarily associated with the CBF acquisition. See Note 2 - Acquisitions and Divestitures for additional information.

35

Note 8 – Components of Other Comprehensive Income/(loss)
The following table provides the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) by component, net of tax, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | Securities AFS |  | Cash Flow Hedges |  | Pension and Post-retirement Plans |  | Total
Balance as of July 1, 2018 |  | $ | (107,476 | ) |  | $ | (19,757 | ) |  | $ | (284,881 | ) |  | $ | (412,114 | )
Net unrealized gains/(losses) |  | (25,924 | ) |  | (2,517 | ) |  | — |  |  | (28,441 | )
Amounts reclassified from AOCI |  | — |  |  | 771 |  |  | 2,135 |  |  | 2,906 |
Other comprehensive income/(loss) |  | (25,924 | ) |  | (1,746 | ) |  | 2,135 |  |  | (25,535 | )
Balance as of September 30, 2018 |  | $ | (133,400 | ) |  | $ | (21,503 | ) |  | $ | (282,746 | ) |  | $ | (437,649 | )
Balance as of January 1, 2018 |  | $ | (26,834 | ) |  | $ | (7,764 | ) |  | $ | (288,227 | ) |  | $ | (322,825 | )
Adjustment to reflect adoption of ASU 2016-01 and ASU 2017-12 |  | (5 | ) |  | (206 | ) |  | — |  |  | (211 | )
Beginning balance, as adjusted |  | $ | (26,839 | ) |  | $ | (7,970 | ) |  | $ | (288,227 | ) |  | $ | (323,036 | )
Net unrealized gains/(losses) |  | (106,522 | ) |  | (14,612 | ) |  | — |  |  | (121,134 | )
Amounts reclassified from AOCI |  | (39 | ) |  | 1,079 |  |  | 5,481 |  |  | 6,521 |
Other comprehensive income/(loss) |  | (106,561 | ) |  | (13,533 | ) |  | 5,481 |  |  | (114,613 | )
Balance as of September 30, 2018 |  | $ | (133,400 | ) |  | $ | (21,503 | ) |  | $ | (282,746 | ) |  | $ | (437,649 | )

(Dollars in thousands) |  | Securities AFS |  | Cash Flow Hedges |  | Pension and Post-retirement Plans |  | Total
Balance as of July 1, 2017 |  | $ | (9,857 | ) |  | $ | (1,024 | ) |  | $ | (226,581 | ) |  | $ | (237,462 | )
Net unrealized gains/(losses) |  | 3,918 |  |  | (91 | ) |  | 490 |  |  | 4,317 |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI |  | (1 | ) |  | (643 | ) |  | 1,405 |  |  | 761 |
Other comprehensive income/(loss) |  | 3,917 |  |  | (734 | ) |  | 1,895 |  |  | 5,078 |
Balance as of September 30, 2017 |  | $ | (5,940 | ) |  | $ | (1,758 | ) |  | $ | (224,686 | ) |  | $ | (232,384 | )
Balance as of January 1, 2017 |  | $ | (17,232 | ) |  | $ | (1,265 | ) |  | $ | (229,157 | ) |  | $ | (247,654 | )
Net unrealized gains/(losses) |  | 11,570 |  |  | 1,906 |  |  | 490 |  |  | 13,966 |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI |  | (278 | ) |  | (2,399 | ) |  | 3,981 |  |  | 1,304 |
Other comprehensive income/(loss) |  | 11,292 |  |  | (493 | ) |  | 4,471 |  |  | 15,270 |
Balance as of September 30, 2017 |  | $ | (5,940 | ) |  | $ | (1,758 | ) |  | $ | (224,686 | ) |  | $ | (232,384 | )

36

Table of Contents
Note 8 – Components of Other Comprehensive Income/(loss) (Continued)
Reclassifications from AOCI, and related tax effects, were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30 |  |
Details about AOCI |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | Affected line item in the statement where net income is presented
Securities AFS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Realized (gains)/losses on securities AFS |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | (52 | ) |  | $ | (450 | ) |  | Debt securities gains/(losses), net
Tax expense/(benefit) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | 172 |  |  | Provision/(benefit) for income taxes
|  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (39 | ) |  | (278 | ) |  |
Cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Realized (gains)/losses on cash flow hedges |  | 1,024 |  |  | (1,041 | ) |  | 1,433 |  |  | (3,886 | ) |  | Interest and fees on loans
Tax expense/(benefit) |  | (253 | ) |  | 398 |  |  | (354 | ) |  | 1,487 |  |  | Provision/(benefit) for income taxes
|  | 771 |  |  | (643 | ) |  | 1,079 |  |  | (2,399 | ) |  |
Pension and Postretirement Plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of prior service cost and net actuarial gain/(loss) |  | 2,836 |  |  | 2,277 |  |  | 7,280 |  |  | 6,450 |  |  | All other expense
Tax expense/(benefit) |  | (701 | ) |  | (872 | ) |  | (1,799 | ) |  | (2,469 | ) |  | Provision/(benefit) for income taxes
|  | 2,135 |  |  | 1,405 |  |  | 5,481 |  |  | 3,981 |  |  |
Total reclassification from AOCI |  | $ | 2,906 |  |  | $ | 761 |  |  | $ | 6,521 |  |  | $ | 1,304 |  |  |

37

Note 9 – Earnings Per Share
The following table provides reconciliations of net income to net income available to common shareholders and the difference between average basic common shares outstanding and average diluted common shares outstanding:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share data) |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Net income/(loss) |  | $ | 274,716 |  |  | $ | 71,769 |  |  | $ | 455,702 |  |  | $ | 225,361 |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest |  | 2,883 |  |  | 2,883 |  |  | 8,555 |  |  | 8,555 |
Net income/(loss) attributable to controlling interest |  | 271,833 |  |  | 68,886 |  |  | 447,147 |  |  | 216,806 |
Preferred stock dividends |  | 1,550 |  |  | 1,550 |  |  | 4,650 |  |  | 4,650 |
Net income/(loss) available to common shareholders |  | $ | 270,283 |  |  | $ | 67,336 |  |  | $ | 442,497 |  |  | $ | 212,156 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding—basic |  | 324,406 |  |  | 233,749 |  |  | 325,341 |  |  | 233,438 |
Effect of dilutive securities |  | 2,846 |  |  | 2,591 |  |  | 3,304 |  |  | 2,934 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding—diluted |  | 327,252 |  |  | 236,340 |  |  | 328,645 |  |  | 236,372 |
Net income/(loss) per share available to common shareholders |  | $ | 0.83 |  |  | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | 1.36 |  |  | $ | 0.91 |
Diluted income/(loss) per share available to common shareholders |  | $ | 0.83 |  |  | $ | 0.28 |  |  | $ | 1.35 |  |  | $ | 0.90 |

The following table presents outstanding options and other equity awards that were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because they were either anti-dilutive (the exercise price was higher than the weighted-average market price for the period) or the performance conditions have not been met:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30
(Shares in thousands) |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Stock options excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS |  | 2,251 |  |  | 2,595 |  |  | 2,316 |  |  | 2,490 |
Weighted average exercise price of stock options excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS |  | $ | 23.67 |  |  | $ | 25.00 |  |  | $ | 24.43 |  |  | $ | 25.70 |
Other equity awards excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS |  | 1,605 |  |  | 1,002 |  |  | 538 |  |  | 325 |

38

Note 10 – Contingencies and Other Disclosures
CONTINGENCIES
Contingent Liabilities Overview
Contingent liabilities arise in the ordinary course of business. Often they are related to lawsuits, arbitration, mediation, and other forms of litigation. Various litigation matters are threatened or pending against FHN and its subsidiaries. Also, FHN at times receives requests for information, subpoenas, or other inquiries from federal, state, and local regulators, from other government authorities, and from other parties concerning various matters relating to FHN’s current or former businesses. Certain matters of that sort are pending at this time, and FHN is cooperating in those matters. Pending and threatened litigation matters sometimes are settled by the parties, and sometimes pending matters are resolved in court or before an arbitrator. Regardless of the manner of resolution, frequently the most significant changes in status of a matter occur over a short time period, often following a lengthy period of little substantive activity. In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of these matters, particularly where the claimants seek very large or indeterminate damages, or where the cases present novel legal theories or involve a large number of parties, or where claims or other actions may be possible but have not been brought, FHN cannot reasonably determine what the eventual outcome of the matters will be, what the timing of the ultimate resolution of these matters may be, or what the eventual loss or impact related to each matter may be. FHN establishes a loss contingency liability for a litigation matter when loss is both probable and reasonably estimable as prescribed by applicable financial accounting guidance. If loss for a matter is probable and a range of possible loss outcomes is the best estimate available, accounting guidance requires a liability to be established at the low end of the range.
Based on current knowledge, and after consultation with counsel, management is of the opinion that loss contingencies related to threatened or pending litigation matters should not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial condition of FHN, but may be material to FHN’s operating results for any particular reporting period depending, in part, on the results from that period.
Material Loss Contingency Matters
Summary
As used in this Note, except for matters that are reported as having been substantially settled or otherwise substantially resolved, FHN's “material loss contingency matters” generally fall into at least one of the following categories: (i) FHN has determined material loss to be probable and has established a material loss liability in accordance with applicable financial accounting guidance; (ii) FHN has determined material loss to be probable but is not reasonably able to estimate an amount or range of material loss liability; or (iii) FHN has determined that material loss is not probable but is reasonably possible, and that the amount or range of that reasonably possible material loss is estimable. As defined in applicable accounting guidance, loss is reasonably possible if there is more than a remote chance of a material loss outcome for FHN. Set forth below are disclosures for certain pending or threatened litigation matters, including all matters mentioned in (i) or (ii) and certain matters mentioned in (iii). In addition, certain other matters, or groups of matters, are discussed relating to FHN’s former mortgage origination and servicing businesses. In all litigation matters discussed, unless settled or otherwise resolved, FHN believes it has meritorious defenses and intends to pursue those defenses vigorously.
FHN reassesses the liability for litigation matters each quarter as the matters progress. At September 30, 2018, the aggregate amount of liabilities established for all such loss contingency matters was $32.8 million. These liabilities are separate from those discussed under the heading “Repurchase and Foreclosure Liability” below.
In each material loss contingency matter, except as otherwise noted, there is more than a remote chance that any of the following outcomes will occur: the plaintiff will substantially prevail; the defense will substantially prevail; the plaintiff will prevail in part; or the matter will be settled by the parties. At September 30, 2018, FHN estimates that for all material loss contingency matters, estimable reasonably possible losses in future periods in excess of currently established liabilities could aggregate in a range from zero to approximately $20 million.
As a result of the general uncertainties discussed above and the specific uncertainties discussed for each matter mentioned below, it is possible that the ultimate future loss experienced by FHN for any particular matter may materially exceed the amount, if any, of currently established liability for that matter. That possibility exists both for matters included in the estimated reasonably possible loss (“RPL”) range mentioned above and for matters not included in that range.
39

Table of Contents
Note 10 – Contingencies and Other Disclosures (Continued)
Material Matters
FHN is defending a suit claiming material deficiencies in the offering documents under which certificates relating to First Horizon branded securitizations were sold: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) as receiver for Colonial Bank, in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York (Case No. 12 Civ. 6166 (LLS)(MHD)). The plaintiff in that suit claims to have purchased (and later sold) certificates totaling $83.4 million, relating to a number of separate securitizations. Plaintiff demands damages and prejudgment interest, among several remedies sought. The current liability and RPL estimates for this matter are subject to significant uncertainties regarding: the dollar amounts claimed; the potential remedies that might be available or awarded; the outcome of settlement discussions; the availability of significantly dispositive defenses; and the incomplete status of the discovery process.
Underwriters are co-defendants in the FDIC- Colonial Bank matter and have demanded, under provisions in the applicable underwriting agreements, that FHN indemnify them for their expenses and any losses they may incur. In addition, FHN has received indemnity demands from underwriters in certain other suits as to which investors claim to have purchased certificates in FH proprietary securitizations but as to which FHN has not been named a defendant.
For most pending indemnity claims involving FH proprietary securitizations FHN is unable to estimate an RPL range due to significant uncertainties regarding: claims as to which the claimant specifies no dollar amount; the potential remedies that might be available or awarded; the availability of significantly dispositive defenses such as statutes of limitations or repose; the outcome of potentially dispositive early-stage motions such as motions to dismiss; the incomplete status of the discovery process; the lack of a precise statement of damages; and lack of precedent claims. The alleged purchase prices of the certificates subject to pending indemnification claims, excluding the FDIC-Colonial Bank matter, total $231.2 million.
FHN has received a notice of indemnification claims from Nationstar Mortgage LLC, currently doing business as “Mr. Cooper.” Nationstar was the purchaser of FHN’s mortgage servicing obligations and assets in 2013 and 2014 and, starting in 2011, FHN’s subservicer. The notice asserts several categories of indemnity obligations by FHN to Nationstar in connection with mortgage loans under the subservicing arrangement and under the purchase transaction. This matter currently is not in litigation, but litigation in the future is possible. FHN is unable to estimate an RPL range for this matter due to significant uncertainties regarding: the exact nature of each of Nationstar’s claims and its position in respect of each; the number of, and the facts underlying, the claimed instances of indemnifiable events; the applicability of FHN’s contractual indemnity covenants to those facts and events; and, in those cases where the facts and events might support an indemnity claim, whether any legal defenses, counterclaims, other counter-positions, or third-party claims might eliminate or reduce claims against FHN or their impact on FHN.
FHN is contending with indemnification claims related to other whole loans sold. These claims generally assert that FHN-originated loans contributed to claimant’s losses in connection with settlements that claimant paid to various third parties in connection with mortgage loans securitized by claimant. The claims generally do not include specific deficiencies for specific loans sold by FHN. Instead, the claims generally assert that FHN is liable for a share of the claimant's loss estimated by assessing the totality of the other whole loans sold by FHN to claimant in relation to the totality of the larger number of loans securitized by claimant. FHN is unable to estimate an RPL range for these matters due to significant uncertainties regarding: the number of, and the facts underlying, the loan originations which claimants assert are indemnifiable; the applicability of FHN’s contractual indemnity covenants to those facts and originations; and, in those cases where an indemnity claim may be supported, whether any legal defenses, counterclaims, other counter-positions, or third-party claims might eliminate or reduce claims against FHN or their impact on FHN.
FHN has additional potential exposures related to its former mortgage businesses. A few of those matters have become litigation which FHN currently estimates are immaterial, some are non-litigation claims or threats, some are mere subpoenas or other requests for information, and in some areas FHN has no indication of any active or threatened dispute. Some of those matters might eventually result in settlements and could be included in the repurchase liability discussed below, and some might eventually result in litigation-oriented liability, but none are included in the material loss contingency liabilities mentioned above or in the RPL range mentioned above. Additional information concerning such exposures is provided below in “Obligations from Legacy Mortgage Businesses.”
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Table of Contents
Note 10 – Contingencies and Other Disclosures (Continued)
Obligations from Legacy Mortgage Businesses
Loss contingencies mentioned above under “Material Matters” stem from FHN’s former mortgage origination and servicing businesses. FHN retains potential for further exposure, in addition to the matters mentioned, from those former businesses. The following discussion provides context and other information to enhance an understanding of those matters and exposures.
Overview
Prior to September 2008 FHN originated loans through its legacy mortgage business, primarily first lien home loans, with the intention of selling them. Sales typically were effected either as non-recourse whole-loan sales or through non-recourse proprietary securitizations. Conventional conforming single-family residential mortgage loans were sold predominately to two GSEs: Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Also, federally insured or guaranteed whole loans were pooled, and payments to investors were guaranteed through Ginnie Mae. Many mortgage loan originations, especially nonconforming mortgage loans, were sold to investors, or certificate-holders, predominantly through FH proprietary securitizations but also, to a lesser extent, through other whole loans sold to private non-Agency purchasers. FHN used only one trustee for all of its FH proprietary securitizations. FHN also originated mortgage loans eligible for FHA insurance or VA guaranty. In addition, FHN originated and sold HELOCs and second lien mortgages through other whole loans sold to private purchasers and, to a lesser extent, through FH proprietary securitizations. Currently, only one FH securitization of HELOCs remains outstanding.
For non-recourse loan sales, FHN has exposure: to indemnify underwriters of FH securitizations who are defending claims that they assert are based, at least in part, on FHN's breach of its representations and warranties made at closing to underwriters, the purchasers and the trustee of FH proprietary securitizations; and to indemnify purchasers of other whole loans sold, or their assignees, asserting that FHN breached representations and warranties made in connection with the sales of those loans.
During the time these legacy activities were conducted, FHN frequently sold mortgage loans “with servicing retained.” As a result, FHN accumulated substantial amounts of MSR on its consolidated balance sheet, as well as contractual servicing obligations and related deposits and receivables. FHN conducted a significant servicing business under its First Horizon Home Loans brand.
MI was required by GSE rules for certain of the loans sold to GSEs and was also provided for certain of the loans that were securitized. MI generally was provided for first lien loans sold or securitized having an LTV ratio at origination of greater than 80 percent.
In 2007, market conditions deteriorated to the point where mortgage-backed securitizations no longer could be sold economically; FHN’s last securitization occurred that year. FHN continued selling mortgage loans to GSEs until August 31, 2008, when FHN sold its national mortgage origination and servicing platforms along with a portion of its servicing assets and obligations. FHN contracted to have its remaining servicing obligations sub-serviced. Since the platform sale FHN has sold substantially all remaining servicing assets and obligations.
Certain mortgage-related terms used in this “Contingencies” section are defined in “Mortgage-Related Glossary” at the end of this Overview.
Repurchase and Make-Whole Obligations
Starting in 2009, FHN received a high number of claims either to repurchase loans from the purchaser or to pay the purchaser to “make them whole” for economic losses incurred. These claims have been driven primarily by loan delinquencies. In repurchase or make-whole claims a loan purchaser typically asserts that specified loans violated representations and warranties FHN made when the loans were sold. A significant majority of claims received overall have come from GSEs, and the remainder are from purchasers of other whole loans sold. FHN has not received a loan repurchase or make-whole claim from the FH proprietary securitization trustee.
Generally, FHN reviews each claim and MI cancellation notice individually. FHN’s responses include appeal, provide additional information, deny the claim (rescission), repurchase the loan or remit a make-whole payment, or reflect cancellation of MI.
After several years resolving repurchase and make-whole claims with each GSE on a loan-by-loan basis, in 2013 and 2014 FHN entered into DRAs with the GSEs, resolving a substantial majority of potential claims. Starting in 2014, the overall number of such claims diminished substantially, primarily as a result of the DRAs. Each DRA resolved obligations associated with loans originated from 2000 to 2008, but certain obligations and loans were excluded. Under each DRA, FHN remains
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responsible for repurchase obligations related to certain excluded defects (such as title defects and violations of the GSE’s Charter Act) and FHN continues to have loan repurchase or monetary compensation obligations under the DRAs related to private mortgage insurance rescissions, cancellations, and denials (with certain exceptions). FHN also has exposure related to loans where there has been a prior bulk sale of servicing, as well as certain other whole-loan sales. With respect to loans where there has been a prior bulk sale of servicing, FHN is not responsible for MI cancellations and denials to the extent attributable to the acts of the current servicer.
While large portions of repurchase claims from the GSEs were settled with the DRAs, comprehensive settlement of repurchase, make-whole, and indemnity claims with non-Agency claimants is not practical. Such claims that are not resolved by the parties can, and sometimes have, become litigation.
FH Proprietary Securitization Actions
FHN has potential financial exposure from FH proprietary securitizations outside of the repurchase/make-whole process. Several investors in certificates sued FHN and others starting in 2009, and several underwriters or other counterparties have demanded that FHN indemnify and defend them in securitization lawsuits. The pending suits generally assert that disclosures made to investors in the offering and sale of certificates were legally deficient.
Servicing Obligations
FHN’s national servicing business was sold as part of the platform sale in 2008. A significant amount of MSR was sold at that time, and a significant amount was retained. The related servicing activities, including foreclosure and loss mitigation practices, not sold in 2008 were outsourced through a three-year subservicing arrangement (the “2008 subservicing agreement”) with the platform buyer (the “2008 subservicer”). The 2008 subservicing agreement expired in 2011 when FHN entered into a replacement agreement with a new subservicer (the “2011 subservicer”). In fourth quarter 2013, FHN contracted to sell a substantial majority of its remaining servicing obligations and servicing assets (including advances) to the 2011 subservicer. The servicing was transferred to the buyer in stages, and was substantially completed in first quarter 2014. The servicing still retained by FHN continues to be subserviced.
As servicer, FHN had contractual obligations to the owners of the loans (primarily GSEs) and securitization trustees, to handle billing, custodial, and other tasks related to each loan. Each subservicer undertook to perform those obligations on FHN’s behalf during the applicable subservicing period, although FHN legally remained the servicer of record for those loans that were subserviced.
The 2008 subservicer has been subject to a consent decree, and entered into a settlement agreement with regulators related to alleged deficiencies in servicing and foreclosure practices. The 2008 subservicer has made demands of FHN, under the 2008 subservicing agreement, to pay certain resulting costs and damages totaling $43.5 million. FHN disagrees with those demands and has made no payments. This disagreement has the potential to result in litigation and, in any such future litigation, the claim against FHN may be substantial.
Origination Data
From 2005 through 2008, FHN originated and sold $69.5 billion of mortgage loans connected with the Agencies. This includes $57.6 billion of loans sold to GSEs and $11.9 billion of loans guaranteed by Ginnie Mae. Although FHN conducted these businesses before 2005, GSE loans originated in 2005 through 2008 account for a substantial majority of all repurchase requests/make-whole claims received since the 2008 platform sale.
From 2005 through 2007, $26.7 billion of mortgage loans were included in FH proprietary securitizations. The last FH securitization occurred in 2007.
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Mortgage-Related Glossary

Agencies |  | the two GSEs and Ginnie Mae |  | HELOC |  | home equity line of credit
certificates |  | securities sold to investors representing interests in mortgage loan securitizations |  | HUD |  | Dept. of Housing and Urban Development
DOJ |  | U.S. Department of Justice |  | LTV |  | loan-to-value, a ratio of the loan amount divided by the home value
DRA |  | definitive resolution agreement with a GSE |  | MI |  | private mortgage insurance, insuring against borrower payment default
Fannie Mae, Fannie, FNMA |  | Federal National Mortgage Association |  | MSR |  | mortgage servicing rights
FH proprietary securitization |  | securitization of mortgages sponsored by FHN under its First Horizon brand |  | nonconforming loans |  | loans that did not conform to Agency program requirements
FHA |  | Federal Housing Administration |  | other whole loans sold |  | mortgage loans sold to private, non-Agency purchasers
Freddie Mac, Freddie, FHLMC |  | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation |  | 2008 platform sale, platform sale |  | FHN’s sale of its national mortgage origination and servicing platforms in 2008
Ginnie Mae, Ginnie, GNMA |  | Government National Mortgage Association |  | pipeline or active pipeline |  | pipeline of mortgage repurchase, make-whole, & certain related claims against FHN
GSEs |  | Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac |  | VA |  | Veterans Administration

Repurchase and Foreclosure Liability
The repurchase and foreclosure liability is comprised of reserves to cover estimated loss content in the active pipeline, estimated future inflows, as well as estimated loss content related to certain known claims not currently included in the active pipeline. FHN compares the estimated probable incurred losses determined under the applicable loss estimation approaches for the respective periods with current reserve levels. Changes in the estimated required liability levels are recorded as necessary through the repurchase and foreclosure provision.
Based on currently available information and experience to date, FHN has evaluated its loan repurchase, make-whole, and certain related exposures and has accrued for losses of $32.5 million and $34.2 million as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, including a smaller amount related to equity-lending junior lien loan sales. Accrued liabilities for FHN’s estimate of these obligations are reflected in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition. Charges/expense reversals to increase/decrease the liability are included within Repurchase and foreclosure provision/(provision credit) on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income. The estimates are based upon currently available information and fact patterns that exist as of each balance sheet date and could be subject to future changes. Changes to any one of these factors could significantly impact the estimate of FHN’s liability.
Other FHN Mortgage Exposures
At September 30, 2018, FHN had not accrued a liability for exposure for repurchase of first-lien loans related to FH proprietary securitizations arising from claims from the trustee that FHN breached its representations and warranties in FH proprietary securitizations at closing, and no such claims had been made. FHN’s trustee is a defendant in lawsuits in which the plaintiffs have asserted that the trustee has duties to review loans and otherwise to act against FHN outside of the duties specified in the applicable trust documents; FHN is not a defendant and is not able to assess what, if any, exposure FHN may have as a result of them.
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FHN is defending, directly or as indemnitor, certain pending lawsuits brought by purchasers of certificates in FH proprietary securitizations or their assignees. FHN believes a new lawsuit based on federal securities claims that offering disclosures were deficient cannot be brought at this time due to the running of applicable limitation periods, but other investor claims, based on other legal theories, might still be possible. Due to sales of MSR from 2008 to 2014, FHN has limited visibility into current loan information such as principal payoffs, refinance activity, delinquency trends, and loan modification activity.
Many non-GSE purchasers of whole loans from FHN included those loans in their own securitizations. Regarding such other whole loans sold, FHN made representations and warranties concerning the loans and provided indemnity covenants to the purchaser/securitizer. Typically, the purchaser/securitizer assigned key contractual rights against FHN to the securitization trustee. As mentioned above, repurchase, make-whole, indemnity, and other monetary claims related to specific loans are included in the active pipeline and repurchase reserve. In addition, currently the following categories of actions are pending which involve FHN and other whole loans sold: (i) FHN has received indemnification requests from purchasers of loans or their assignees in cases where FHN is not a defendant; (ii) FHN has received subpoenas seeking loan reviews in cases where FHN is not a defendant; and (iii) FHN has received repurchase, indemnity, and other demands from purchasers or their assignees. At September 30, 2018, FHN’s repurchase and foreclosure liability considered certain known exposures from other whole loans sold.
OTHER DISCLOSURES
Visa Matters
FHN is a member of the Visa USA network. In October 2007, the Visa organization of affiliated entities completed a series of global restructuring transactions to combine its affiliated operating companies, including Visa USA, under a single holding company, Visa Inc. (“Visa”). Upon completion of the reorganization, the members of the Visa USA network remained contingently liable for certain Visa litigation matters (the “Covered Litigation”). Based on its proportionate membership share of Visa USA, FHN recognized a contingent liability in fourth quarter 2007 related to this contingent obligation. In March 2008, Visa completed its initial public offering (“IPO”) and funded an escrow account from its IPO proceeds to be used to make payments related to the Visa litigation matters. FHN received approximately 2.4 million Class B shares in conjunction with Visa’s IPO.
FHN executed sales of its Visa Class B shares in December 2010, September 2011 and September 2018, resulting in the complete disposition of its holdings of these shares and relief from the contingent liability. In each sale FHN and the purchasers entered into derivative transactions whereby FHN will make, or receive, cash payments whenever the conversion ratio of the Visa Class B shares into Visa Class A shares is adjusted. See Note 14 - Derivatives for further discussion of these transactions.
Indemnification Agreements and Guarantees
In the ordinary course of business, FHN enters into indemnification agreements for legal proceedings against its directors and officers and standard representations and warranties for underwriting agreements, merger and acquisition agreements, loan sales, contractual commitments, and various other business transactions or arrangements. The extent of FHN’s obligations under these agreements depends upon the occurrence of future events; therefore, it is not possible to estimate a maximum potential amount of payouts that could be required by such agreements.
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Note 11 – Pension, Savings, and Other Employee Benefits
Pension plan. FHN sponsors a noncontributory, qualified defined benefit pension plan to employees hired or re-hired on or before September 1, 2007. Pension benefits are based on years of service, average compensation near retirement or other termination, and estimated social security benefits at age 65. Benefits under the plan are “frozen” so that years of service and compensation changes after 2012 do not affect the benefit owed. Minimum contributions are based upon actuarially determined amounts necessary to fund the total benefit obligation. Decisions to contribute to the plan are based upon pension funding requirements under the Pension Protection Act, the maximum amount deductible under the Internal Revenue Code, the actual performance of plan assets, and trends in the regulatory environment. In second quarter 2018, FHN made an insignificant contribution to the qualified pension plan. Management does not currently anticipate that FHN will make a contribution to the qualified pension plan for the remainde r of 2018.
FHN assumed two additional qualified plans in conjunction with the CBF acquisition. Both legacy CBF plans are frozen. FHN contributed $5.1 million to these plans in December 2017. As of December 31, 2017, the aggregate benefit obligation for the plans was $18.7 million and aggregate plan assets were $18.6 million. Benefit payments, expense and actuarial gains/losses related to these plans were insignificant for 2018 and 2017. Additional funding amounts to these plans are dependent upon the potential settlement of the plans. Due to the insignificant financial statement impact, these two plans are not included in the disclosures that follow.
FHN also maintains non-qualified plans including a supplemental retirement plan that covers certain employees whose benefits under the qualified pension plan have been limited by tax rules. These other non-qualified plans are unfunded, and contributions to these plans cover all benefits paid under the non-qualified plans. Payments made under the non-qualified plans were $5.4 million for 2017. FHN anticipates making benefit payments under the non-qualified plans of $5.7 million in 2018.
Savings plan. FHN provides all qualifying full-time employees with the opportunity to participate in FHN's tax qualifi ed 401(k) savings plan. The qualified plan allows employees to defer receipt of earned salary, up to tax law limits, on a tax-advantaged basis. Accounts, which are held in trust, may be invested in a wide range of mutual funds and in FHN common stock. Up to tax law limits, FHN provides a 100 percent match for the first 6 percent of salary deferred, with company matching contributions invested according to a participant’s current investment elections. Through a non-qualified savings restoration plan, FHN provides a restorative benefit to certain highly-compensated employees who participate in the savings plan and whose contribution elections are capped by tax limitations.
Other employee benefits. FHN provides postretirement life insurance benefits to certain employees and also provides postretirement medical insurance benefits to retirement-eligible employees. The postretirement medical plan is contributory with FHN contributing a fixed amount for certain participants. FHN’s postretirement benefits include certain prescription drug benefits.
Service cost is included in Employee compensation, incentives, and benefits in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income. All other components of net periodic benefit cost are included in All other expense.
The components of net periodic benefit cost for the three months ended September 30 are as follows:

|  | Pension Benefits |  | Other Benefits
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Components of net periodic benefit cost |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service cost |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 26 |
Interest cost |  | 6,935 |  |  | 7,276 |  |  | 328 |  |  | 328 |
Expected return on plan assets |  | (8,222 | ) |  | (9,230 | ) |  | (268 | ) |  | (236 | )
Amortization of unrecognized: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prior service cost/(credit) |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | 23 |
Actuarial (gain)/loss |  | 3,164 |  |  | 2,380 |  |  | (108 | ) |  | (140 | )
Net periodic benefit cost/(credit) |  | $ | 1,888 |  |  | $ | 448 |  |  | $ | (15 | ) |  | $ | 1 |

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Note 11 – Pension, Savings, and Other Employee Benefits (Continued)
The components of net periodic benefit cost for the nine months ended September 30 are as follows:

|  | Pension Benefits |  | Other Benefits
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Components of net periodic benefit cost |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service cost |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 100 |  |  | $ | 80 |
Interest cost |  | 20,908 |  |  | 22,035 |  |  | 982 |  |  | 979 |
Expected return on plan assets |  | (24,673 | ) |  | (27,011 | ) |  | (806 | ) |  | (710 | )
Amortization of unrecognized: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prior service cost/(credit) |  | — |  |  | 39 |  |  | — |  |  | 71 |
Actuarial (gain)/loss |  | 9,076 |  |  | 7,140 |  |  | (290 | ) |  | (425 | )
Net periodic benefit cost/(credit) |  | $ | 5,342 |  |  | $ | 2,231 |  |  | $ | (14 | ) |  | $ | (5 | )

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Note 12 – Business Segment Information
FHN has four business segments: regional banking, fixed income, corporate, and non-strategic. The regional banking segment offers financial products and services, including traditional lending and deposit taking, to consumer and commercial customers in Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida and other selected markets. Regional banking also provides investments, wealth management, financial planning, trust services and asset management, mortgage banking, credit card, and cash management. Additionally, the regional banking segment includes correspondent banking which provides credit, depository, and other banking related services to other financial institutions nationally. The fixed income segment consists of fixed income securities sales, trading, underwriting, and strategies for institutional clients in the U.S. and abroad, as well as loan sales, portfolio advisory services, and derivative sales. The corporate segment consists of unallocated corporate expenses, expense on subordinated debt issuances, bank-owned life insurance, unallocated interest income associated with excess equity, net impact of raising incremental capital, revenue and expense associated with deferred compensation plans, funds management, tax credit investment activities, derivative valuation adjustments related to prior sales of Visa Class B shares, and acquisition- and integration-related costs. The non-strategic segment consists of run-off consumer lending activities, legacy (pre-2009) mortgage banking elements, and the associated ancillary revenues and expenses related to these businesses. Non-strategic also includes the wind-down trust preferred loan portfolio and exited businesses.
Periodically, FHN adapts its segments to reflect managerial or strategic changes. FHN may also modify its methodology of allocating expenses and equity among segments which could change historical segment results. Business segment revenue, expense, asset, and equity levels reflect those which are specifically identifiable or which are allocated based on an internal allocation method. Because the allocations are based on internally developed assignments and allocations, to an extent they are subjective. Generally, all assignments and allocations have been consistently applied for all periods presented. The following table reflects the amounts of consolidated revenue, expense, tax, and average assets for each segment for the three and nine months ended September 30:

| Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Consolidated |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income | $ | 305,700 |  |  | $ | 209,817 |  |  | $ | 917,805 |  |  | $ | 600,226 |
Provision/(provision credit) for loan losses | 2,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | (3,000 | )
Noninterest income (a) | 348,972 |  |  | 112,417 |  |  | 612,514 |  |  | 357,029 |
Noninterest expense | 294,031 |  |  | 236,869 |  |  | 940,064 |  |  | 676,991 |
Income/(loss) before income taxes | 358,641 |  |  | 85,365 |  |  | 589,255 |  |  | 283,264 |
Provision/(benefit) for income taxes (b) | 83,925 |  |  | 13,596 |  |  | 133,553 |  |  | 57,903 |
Net income/(loss) | $ | 274,716 |  |  | $ | 71,769 |  |  | $ | 455,702 |  |  | $ | 225,361 |
Average assets | $ | 40,077,033 |  |  | $ | 28,874,827 |  |  | $ | 40,199,487 |  |  | $ | 28,852,679 |

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Note 12 – Business Segment Information (Continued)

| Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Regional Banking |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income | $ | 302,448 |  |  | $ | 209,100 |  |  | $ | 902,546 |  |  | $ | 604,075 |
Provision/(provision credit) for loan losses | 8,045 |  |  | 8,552 |  |  | 17,428 |  |  | 11,910 |
Noninterest income | 79,857 |  |  | 64,370 |  |  | 240,093 |  |  | 188,089 |
Noninterest expense | 207,591 |  |  | 150,445 |  |  | 619,283 |  |  | 451,135 |
Income/(loss) before income taxes | 166,669 |  |  | 114,473 |  |  | 505,928 |  |  | 329,119 |
Provision/(benefit) for income taxes | 39,101 |  |  | 41,191 |  |  | 118,929 |  |  | 118,771 |
Net income/(loss) | $ | 127,568 |  |  | $ | 73,282 |  |  | $ | 386,999 |  |  | $ | 210,348 |
Average assets | $ | 28,659,158 |  |  | $ | 19,158,852 |  |  | $ | 28,450,747 |  |  | $ | 18,519,999 |
Fixed Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income | $ | 9,048 |  |  | $ | 5,985 |  |  | $ | 26,686 |  |  | $ | 12,126 |
Noninterest income | 41,123 |  |  | 55,803 |  |  | 125,091 |  |  | 161,833 |
Noninterest expense | 47,306 |  |  | 53,136 |  |  | 145,635 |  |  | 155,865 |
Income/(loss) before income taxes | 2,865 |  |  | 8,652 |  |  | 6,142 |  |  | 18,094 |
Provision/(benefit) for income taxes | 532 |  |  | 2,970 |  |  | 988 |  |  | 5,929 |
Net income/(loss) | $ | 2,333 |  |  | $ | 5,682 |  |  | $ | 5,154 |  |  | $ | 12,165 |
Average assets | $ | 3,247,016 |  |  | $ | 2,586,773 |  |  | $ | 3,326,118 |  |  | $ | 2,388,740 |
Corporate |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income/(expense) | $ | (15,415 | ) |  | $ | (13,769 | ) |  | $ | (48,651 | ) |  | $ | (42,408 | )
Noninterest income (a) | 222,619 |  |  | (9,476 | ) |  | 240,665 |  |  | 2,219 |
Noninterest expense | 33,323 |  |  | 23,926 |  |  | 152,797 |  |  | 65,365 |
Income/(loss) before income taxes | 173,881 |  |  | (47,171 | ) |  | 39,217 |  |  | (105,554 | )
Provision/(benefit) for income taxes (b) | 40,529 |  |  | (34,167 | ) |  | 4,253 |  |  | (82,758 | )
Net income/(loss) | $ | 133,352 |  |  | $ | (13,004 | ) |  | $ | 34,964 |  |  | $ | (22,796 | )
Average assets | $ | 6,904,585 |  |  | $ | 5,697,894 |  |  | $ | 6,990,484 |  |  | $ | 6,421,643 |
Non-Strategic |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income | $ | 9,619 |  |  | $ | 8,501 |  |  | $ | 37,224 |  |  | $ | 26,433 |
Provision/(provision credit) for loan losses | (6,045 | ) |  | (8,552 | ) |  | (16,428 | ) |  | (14,910 | )
Noninterest income (c) | 5,373 |  |  | 1,720 |  |  | 6,665 |  |  | 4,888 |
Noninterest expense | 5,811 |  |  | 9,362 |  |  | 22,349 |  |  | 4,626 |
Income/(loss) before income taxes | 15,226 |  |  | 9,411 |  |  | 37,968 |  |  | 41,605 |
Provision/(benefit) for income taxes | 3,763 |  |  | 3,602 |  |  | 9,383 |  |  | 15,961 |
Net income/(loss) | $ | 11,463 |  |  | $ | 5,809 |  |  | $ | 28,585 |  |  | $ | 25,644 |
Average assets | $ | 1,266,274 |  |  | $ | 1,431,308 |  |  | $ | 1,432,138 |  |  | $ | 1,522,297 |

Certain previously reported amounts have been reclassified to agree with current presentation.

(a) | Three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 includes a $212.9 million pre-tax gain from the sale of Visa Class B Shares. Three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 includes a $14.3 million pre-tax loss from the repurchase of equity securities previously included in a financing transaction.

(b) | Provision/(benefit) for income taxes for consolidated results and the Corporate segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was affected by a decline in the effective tax rate in 2017 primarily related to the reversal of the valuation allowance for the deferred tax asset related to its 2012 federal capital loss carry forward based on capital gain transactions initiated in second quarter 2017. See Note 15 - Income Taxes in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements on FHN’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 for additional information related to FHN’s valuation allowance related to its capital loss carryforward.

(c) | Three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 includes a $3.8 million gain from the reversal of a previous valuation adjustment due to sales of TRUPs loans.

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Note 12 – Business Segment Information (Continued)
The following table reflects a disaggregation of FHN’s noninterest income by major product line and reportable segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
(Dollars in thousands) | Regional Banking |  | Fixed Income |  | Corporate |  | Non-Strategic |  | Consolidated
Noninterest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income (a) | $ | 103 |  |  | $ | 40,937 |  |  | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | 3,778 |  |  | $ | 44,813 |
Deposit transactions and cash management | 34,008 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1,725 |  |  | 56 |  |  | 35,792 |
Brokerage, management fees and commissions | 14,200 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14,200 |
Trust services and investment management | 7,453 |  |  | — |  |  | (15 | ) |  | — |  |  | 7,438 |
Bankcard income | 6,999 |  |  | — |  |  | 57 |  |  | (178 | ) |  | 6,878 |
Bank-owned life insurance (b) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,337 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,337 |
Debt securities gains/(losses), net (b) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Equity securities gains/(losses), net (b) (d) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 212,859 |  |  | — |  |  | 212,859 |
All other income and commissions (c) | 17,094 |  |  | 183 |  |  | 3,661 |  |  | 1,717 |  |  | 22,655 |
Total noninterest income | $ | 79,857 |  |  | $ | 41,123 |  |  | $ | 222,619 |  |  | $ | 5,373 |  |  | $ | 348,972 |
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
| Regional Banking |  | Fixed Income |  | Corporate |  | Non-Strategic |  | Consolidated
Noninterest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income | $ | 135 |  |  | $ | 55,623 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 55,758 |
Deposit transactions and cash management | 26,620 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,339 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 28,011 |
Brokerage, management fees and commissions | 11,937 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,937 |
Trust services and investment management | 6,968 |  |  | — |  |  | (15 | ) |  | — |  |  | 6,953 |
Bankcard income | 6,057 |  |  | — |  |  | 56 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 6,170 |
Bank-owned life insurance | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,539 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,539 |
Debt securities gains/(losses), net | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Equity securities gains/(losses), net | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
All other income and commissions (e) | 12,653 |  |  | 180 |  |  | (14,401 | ) |  | 1,611 |  |  | 43 |
Total noninterest income | $ | 64,370 |  |  | $ | 55,803 |  |  | $ | (9,476 | ) |  | $ | 1,720 |  |  | $ | 112,417 |

(a) | Includes $8.4 million of underwriting, portfolio advisory, and other noninterest income in scope of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606, "Revenue From Contracts With Customers." Non-Strategic includes a $3.8 million gain from the reversal of a previous valuation adjustment due to sales of TRUPs loans excluded from the scope of ASC 606.

(b) | Represents noninterest income excluded from the scope of ASC 606. Amount is presented for informational purposes to reconcile total non-interest income.

(c) | Includes other service charges, ATM and interchange fees, electronic banking fees, and insurance commission in scope of ASC 606.

(d) | In third quarter 2018, FHN sold its remaining holdings of Visa Class B shares resulting in a pre-tax gain of $212.9 million.

(e) | Corporate includes a $14.3 million pre-tax loss from the repurchase of equity securities previously included in a financing transaction.

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Note 12 – Business Segment Information (Continued)

| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
(Dollars in thousands) | Regional Banking |  | Fixed Income |  | Corporate |  | Non-Strategic |  | Consolidated
Noninterest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income (a) | $ | 314 |  |  | $ | 123,929 |  |  | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | 3,778 |  |  | $ | 128,016 |
Deposit transactions and cash management | 103,275 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 4,416 |  |  | 159 |  |  | 107,859 |
Brokerage, management fees and commissions | 41,423 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 41,423 |
Trust services and investment management | 22,891 |  |  | — |  |  | (44 | ) |  | — |  |  | 22,847 |
Bankcard income | 19,921 |  |  | — |  |  | 168 |  |  | (131 | ) |  | 19,958 |
Bank-owned life insurance (b) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14,103 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,103 |
Debt securities gains/(losses), net (b) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 52 |  |  | — |  |  | 52 |
Equity securities gains/(losses), net (b) (d) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 212,924 |  |  | — |  |  | 212,924 |
All other income and commissions (c) (e) | 52,269 |  |  | 1,153 |  |  | 9,051 |  |  | 2,859 |  |  | 65,332 |
Total noninterest income | $ | 240,093 |  |  | $ | 125,091 |  |  | $ | 240,665 |  |  | $ | 6,665 |  |  | $ | 612,514 |
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
| Regional Banking |  | Fixed Income |  | Corporate |  | Non-Strategic |  | Consolidated
Noninterest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income | $ | 348 |  |  | $ | 161,198 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 161,546 |
Deposit transactions and cash management | 76,288 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,004 |  |  | 142 |  |  | 80,434 |
Brokerage, management fees and commissions | 35,872 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 35,872 |
Trust services and investment management | 21,360 |  |  | — |  |  | (56 | ) |  | — |  |  | 21,304 |
Bankcard income | 16,894 |  |  | — |  |  | 169 |  |  | 167 |  |  | 17,230 |
Bank-owned life insurance | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,137 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,137 |
Debt securities gains/(losses), net | 386 |  |  | — |  |  | 64 |  |  | — |  |  | 450 |
Equity securities gains/(losses), net | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
All other income and commissions (f) | 36,941 |  |  | 635 |  |  | (13,104 | ) |  | 4,579 |  |  | 29,051 |
Total noninterest income | $ | 188,089 |  |  | $ | 161,833 |  |  | $ | 2,219 |  |  | $ | 4,888 |  |  | $ | 357,029 |

(a) | Includes $24.0 million of underwriting, portfolio advisory, and other noninterest income in scope of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606, "Revenue From Contracts With Customers." Non-Strategic includes a $3.8 million gain from the reversal of a previous valuation adjustment due to sales of TRUPs loans excluded from the scope of ASC 606.

(b) | Represents noninterest income excluded from the scope of ASC 606. Amount is presented for informational purposes to reconcile total non-interest income.

(c) | Includes other service charges, ATM and interchange fees, electronic banking fees, and insurance commission in scope of ASC 606.

(d) | In third quarter 2018, FHN sold its remaining holdings of Visa Class B shares resulting in a pre-tax gain of $212.9 million.

(e) | Corporate includes $4.1 million of gains on the sales of buildings.

(f) | Corporate includes a $14.3 million pre-tax loss from the repurchase of equity securities previously included in a financing transaction.

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Note 13 – Variable Interest Entities
ASC 810 defines a VIE as a legal entity where (a) the equity investors, as a group, lack sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, (b) the equity investors, as a group, lack either, (1) the power through voting rights, or similar rights, to direct the activities of an entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance, (2) the obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity, or (3) the right to receive the expected residual returns of the entity, or (c) the entity is structured with non-substantive voting rights. A variable interest is a contractual ownership or other interest that fluctuates with changes in the fair value of the VIE’s net assets exclusive of variable interests. Under ASC 810, as amended, a primary beneficiary is required to consolidate a VIE when it has a variable interest in a VIE that provides it with a controlling financial interest. For such purposes, the determination of whether a controlling financial interest exists is based on whether a single party has both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant.
Consolidated Variable Interest Entities
FHN holds variable interests in a proprietary HELOC securitization trust it established as a source of liquidity for consumer lending operations. Based on its restrictive nature, the trust is considered a VIE as the holders of equity at risk do not have the power through voting rights or similar rights to direct the activities that most significantly impact the trust’s economic performance. The retention of mortgage service rights ("MSR") and a residual interest results in FHN potentially absorbing losses or receiving benefits that are significant to the trust. FHN is considered the primary beneficiary, as it is assumed to have the power, as Master Servicer, to most significantly impact the activities of the VIE. Consolidation of the trust results in the recognition of the trust proceeds as restricted borrowings since the cash flows on the securitized loans can only be used to settle the obligations due to the holders of trust securities. Through first quarter 2016 the trust experienced a rapid amortization period and FHN was obligated to provide subordinated funding. During the period, cash payments from borrowers were accumulated to repay outstanding debt securities while FHN continued to make advances to borrowers when they drew on their lines of credit. FHN then transferred the newly generated receivables into the securitization trust. FHN is reimbursed for these advances only after other parties in the securitization have received all of the cash flows to which they are entitled. If loan losses requiring draws on the related monoline insurers’ policies (which protect bondholders in the securitization) exceed a certain level, FHN may not receive reimbursement for all of the funds advanced to borrowers, as the senior bondholders and the monoline insurers typically have priority for repayment. Amounts funded from monoline insurance policies are considered restricted term borrowings in FHN’s Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition. Except for recourse due to breaches of representations and warranties made by FHN in connection with the sale of the loans to the trust, the creditors of the trust hold no recourse to the assets of FHN.
FHN has established certain rabbi trusts related to deferred compensation plans offered to its employees. FHN contributes employee cash compensation deferrals to the trusts and directs the underlying investments made by the trusts. The assets of these trusts are available to FHN’s creditors only in the event that FHN becomes insolvent. These trusts are considered VIEs as there is no equity at risk in the trusts since FHN provided the equity interest to its employees in exchange for services rendered. FHN is considered the primary beneficiary of the rabbi trusts as it has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the rabbi trusts through its ability to direct the underlying investments made by the trusts. Additionally, FHN could potentially receive benefits or absorb losses that are significant to the trusts due to its right to receive any asset values in excess of liability payoffs and its obligation to fund any liabilities to employees that are in excess of a rabbi trust’s assets.
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Note 13 – Variable Interest Entities (Continued)
The following table summarizes VIEs consolidated by FHN as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

|  | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
|  | On-Balance Sheet Consumer Loan Securitization |  | Rabbi Trusts Used for Deferred Compensation Plans |  | On-Balance Sheet Consumer Loan Securitization |  | Rabbi Trusts Used for Deferred Compensation Plans
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Carrying Value |  | Carrying Value |  | Carrying Value |  | Carrying Value
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks |  | $ | — |  |  | N/A |  |  | $ | — |  |  | N/A |
Loans, net of unearned income |  | 17,106 |  |  | N/A |  |  | 24,175 |  |  | N/A |
Less: Allowance for loan losses |  | — |  |  | N/A |  |  | — |  |  | N/A |
Total net loans |  | 17,106 |  |  | N/A |  |  | 24,175 |  |  | N/A |
Other assets |  | 35 |  |  | $ | 84,170 |  |  | 47 |  |  | $ | 80,479 |
Total assets |  | $ | 17,141 |  |  | $ | 84,170 |  |  | $ | 24,222 |  |  | $ | 80,479 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term borrowings |  | $ | 4,071 |  |  | N/A |  |  | $ | 11,226 |  |  | N/A |
Other liabilities |  | — |  |  | $ | 63,017 |  |  | 2 |  |  | $ | 61,733 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 4,071 |  |  | $ | 63,017 |  |  | $ | 11,228 |  |  | $ | 61,733 |

Nonconsolidated Variable Interest Entities
Low Income Housing Partnerships. First Tennessee Housing Corporation (“FTHC”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of FTBNA, makes equity investments as a limited partner in various partnerships that sponsor affordable housing projects utilizing the Low Income Housing Tax Credit (“LIHTC”) pursuant to Section 42 of the Internal Revenue Code. The purpose of these investments is to achieve a satisfactory return on capital and to support FHN’s community reinvestment initiatives. The activities of the limited partnerships include the identification, development, and operation of multi-family housing units that are leased to qualifying residential tenants generally within FHN’s primary geographic region. LIHTC partnerships are considered VIEs as FTHC, the holder of the equity investment at risk, does not have the ability to direct the activities that most significantly affect the performance of the entity through voting rights or similar rights. FTHC could absorb losses that are significant to the LIHTC partnerships as it has a risk of loss for its capital contributions and funding commitments to each partnership. The general partners are considered the primary beneficiaries as managerial functions give them the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entities’ economic performance and the managing members are exposed to all losses beyond FTHC’s initial capital contributions and funding commitments.
FHN accounts for all qualifying LIHTC investments under the proportional amortization method. Under this method an entity amortizes the initial cost of the investment in proportion to the tax credits and other tax benefits received and recognizes the net investment performance in the income statement as a component of income tax expense/(benefit). LIHTC investments that do not qualify for the proportional amortization method are accounted for using the equity method. Expenses associated with these investments were $1.2 million and $.3 million for three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. Expenses associated with these investments were $3.1 million and $1.4 million for nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.The following table summarizes the impact to the Provision/(benefit) for income taxes on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, and 2017 for LIHTC investments accounted for under the proportional amortization method.

|  | Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Provision/(benefit) for income taxes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of qualifying LIHTC investments |  | $ | 1,547 |  |  | $ | 3,774 |  |  | $ | 6,094 |  |  | $ | 8,414 |
Low income housing tax credits |  | (2,584 | ) |  | (3,103 | ) |  | (7,681 | ) |  | (8,101 | )
Other tax benefits related to qualifying LIHTC investments |  | (1,412 | ) |  | (2,478 | ) |  | (2,996 | ) |  | (4,307 | )

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Note 13 – Variable Interest Entities (Continued)
Other Tax Credit Investments. First Tennessee New Markets Corporation (“FTNMC”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of FTBNA, makes equity investments through wholly-owned subsidiaries as a non-managing member in various limited liability companies (“LLCs”) that sponsor community development projects utilizing the New Market Tax Credit (“NMTC”) pursuant to Section 45 of the Internal Revenue Code. The purpose of these investments is to achieve a satisfactory return on capital and to support FHN’s community reinvestment initiatives. The activities of the LLCs include providing investment capital for low-income communities within FHN’s primary geographic region. A portion of the funding of FTNMC’s investment in a NMTC LLC is obtained via a loan from an unrelated third-party that is typically a community development enterprise. The NMTC LLCs are considered VIEs as FTNMC, the holder of the equity investment at risk, does not have the ability to direct the activities that most significantly affect the performance of the entity through voting rights or similar rights. While FTNMC could absorb losses that are significant to the NMTC LLCs as it has a risk of loss for its initial capital contributions, the managing members are considered the primary beneficiaries as managerial functions give them the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the NMTC LLCs’ economic performance and the managing members are exposed to all losses beyond FTNMC’s initial capital contributions.
FTHC also makes equity investments as a limited partner or non-managing member in entities that receive Historic Tax Credits pursuant to Section 47 of the Internal Revenue Code. The purpose of these entities is the rehabilitation of historic buildings with the tax credits provided to incent private investment in the historic cores of cities and towns. These entities are considered VIEs as FTHC, the holder of the equity investment at risk, does not have the ability to direct the activities that most significantly affect the performance of the entity through voting rights or similar rights. FTHC could absorb losses that are significant to the entities as it has a risk of loss for its capital contributions and funding commitments to each partnership. The managing members are considered the primary beneficiaries as managerial functions give them the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entities’ economic performance and the managing members are exposed to all losses beyond FTHC’s initial capital contributions and funding commitments.
Small Issuer Trust Preferred Holdings. FTBNA holds variable interests in trusts which have issued mandatorily redeemable preferred capital securities (“trust preferreds”) for smaller banking and insurance enterprises. FTBNA has no voting rights for the trusts’ activities. The trusts’ only assets are junior subordinated debentures of the issuing enterprises. The creditors of the trusts hold no recourse to the assets of FTBNA. These trusts meet the definition of a VIE as the holders of the equity investment at risk do not have the power through voting rights, or similar rights, to direct the activities that most significantly impact the trusts’ economic performance. Based on the nature of the trusts’ activities and the size of FTBNA’s holdings, FTBNA could potentially receive benefits or absorb losses that are significant to the trusts regardless of whether a majority of a trust’s securities are held by FTBNA. However, since FTBNA is solely a holder of the trusts’ securities, it has no rights which would give it the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the trusts’ economic performance and thus it is not considered the primary beneficiary of the trusts. FTBNA has no contractual requirements to provide financial support to the trusts.
On-Balance Sheet Trust Preferred Securitization. In 2007, FTBNA executed a securitization of certain small issuer trust preferreds for which the underlying trust meets the definition of a VIE as the holders of the equity investment at risk do not have the power through voting rights, or similar rights, to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance. FTBNA could potentially receive benefits or absorb losses that are significant to the trust based on the size and priority of the interests it retained in the securities issued by the trust. However, since FTBNA did not retain servicing or other decision making rights, FTBNA is not the primary beneficiary as it does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the trust’s economic performance. Accordingly, FTBNA has accounted for the funds received through the securitization as a term borrowing in its Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition. FTBNA has no contractual requirements to provide financial support to the trust.
Proprietary Residential Mortgage Securitizations. FHN holds variable interests (primarily principal-only strips) in proprietary residential mortgage securitization trusts it established prior to 2008 as a source of liquidity for its mortgage banking operations. Except for recourse due to breaches of representations and warranties made by FHN in connection with the sale of the loans to the trusts, the creditors of the trusts hold no recourse to the assets of FHN. Additionally, FHN has no contractual requirements to provide financial support to the trusts. Based on their restrictive nature, the trusts are considered VIEs as the holders of equity at risk do not have the power through voting rights, or similar rights, to direct the activities that most significantly impact the trusts’ economic performance. However, FHN did not have the ability to participate in significant portions of a securitization trust’s cash flows and FHN was not considered the primary beneficiary of the trust. Therefore, these trusts were not consolidated by FHN.
Holdings in Agency Mortgage-Backed Securities. FHN holds securities issued by various Agency securitization trusts. Based on their restrictive nature, the trusts meet the definition of a VIE since the holders of the equity investments at risk do not have
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Note 13 – Variable Interest Entities (Continued)
the power through voting rights, or similar rights, to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entities’ economic performance. FHN could potentially receive benefits or absorb losses that are significant to the trusts based on the nature of the trusts’ activities and the size of FHN’s holdings. However, FHN is solely a holder of the trusts’ securities and does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the trusts’ economic performance, and is not considered the primary beneficiary of the trusts. FHN has no contractual requirements to provide financial support to the trusts.
Commercial Loan Troubled Debt Restructurings. For certain troubled commercial loans, FTBNA restructures the terms of the borrower’s debt in an effort to increase the probability of receipt of amounts contractually due. Following a troubled debt restructuring, the borrower entity typically meets the definition of a VIE as the initial determination of whether an entity is a VIE must be reconsidered as events have proven that the entity’s equity is not sufficient to permit it to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or a restructuring of the terms of its financing. As FTBNA does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact such troubled commercial borrowers’ operations, it is not considered the primary beneficiary even in situations where, based on the size of the financing provided, FTBNA is exposed to potentially significant benefits and losses of the borrowing entity. FTBNA has no contractual requirements to provide financial support to the borrowing entities beyond certain funding commitments established upon restructuring of the terms of the debt that allows for preparation of the underlying collateral for sale.
Sale Leaseback Transaction. FTB has entered into an agreement with a single asset leasing entity for the sale and leaseback of an office building. In conjunction with this transaction, FTB loaned funds to a related party of the buyer that were used for the purchase price of the building. FTB also entered into a construction loan agreement with the single asset entity for renovation of the building. Since this transaction did not qualify as a sale, it is being accounted for using the deposit method which creates a net asset or liability for all cash flows between FTB and the buyer. The buyer-lessor in this transaction meets the definition of a VIE as it does not have sufficient equity at risk since FTB is providing the funding for the purchase and renovation. A related party of the buyer-lessor has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the operations and could potentially receive benefits or absorb losses that are significant to the transactions, making it the primary beneficiary. Therefore, FTB does not consolidate the leasing entity.
Proprietary Trust Preferred Issuances. In conjunction with the acquisition of CBF, FHN acquired junior subordinated debt totaling $212.4 million underlying multiple issuances of trust preferred debt by institutions previously acquired by CBF. All of these trusts are considered VIEs because the ownership interests from the capital contributions to these trusts are not considered “at risk” in evaluating whether the holders of the equity investments at risk in the trusts have the power through voting rights, or similar rights, to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entities’ economic performance. Thus, FHN cannot be the trusts’ primary beneficiary because its ownership interests in the trusts are not considered variable interests as they are not considered “at risk”. Consequently, none of the trusts are consolidated by FHN. In third quarter 2018, FHN retired $10.3 million of this debt and the related trust preferred debt. FHN has retired or given notice of its election to retire an additional $35.1 million of this debt in fourth quarter 2018.
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Note 13 – Variable Interest Entities (Continued)
The following table summarizes FHN’s nonconsolidated VIEs as of September 30, 2018:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | Maximum Loss Exposure |  | Liability Recognized |  | Classification
Type |  |  |  |  |  |
Low income housing partnerships |  | $ | 118,355 |  |  | $ | 52,148 |  |  | (a)
Other tax credit investments (b) (c) |  | 17,878 |  |  | — |  |  | Other assets
Small issuer trust preferred holdings (d) |  | 276,825 |  |  | — |  |  | Loans, net of unearned income
On-balance sheet trust preferred securitization |  | 48,306 |  |  | 65,868 |  |  | (e)
Proprietary residential mortgage securitizations |  | 1,592 |  |  | — |  |  | Trading securities
Holdings of agency mortgage-backed securities (d) |  | 5,209,810 |  |  | — |  |  | (f)
Commercial loan troubled debt restructurings (g) |  | 41,926 |  |  | — |  |  | Loans, net of unearned income
Sale-leaseback transaction |  | 16,327 |  |  | — |  |  | (h)
Proprietary trust preferred issuances (i) |  | — |  |  | 202,068 |  |  | Term borrowings

(a) | Maximum loss exposure represents $66.2 million of current investments and $52.1 million of accrued contractual funding commitments. Accrued funding commitments represent unconditional contractual obligations for future funding events, and are also recognized in Other liabilities. FHN currently expects to be required to fund these accrued commitments by the end of 2020.

(b) | A liability is not recognized as investments are written down over the life of the related tax credit.

(c) | Maximum loss exposure represents current investment balance. Of the initial investment, $18.0 million was funded through loans from community development enterprises.

(d) | Maximum loss exposure represents the value of current investments. A liability is not recognized as FHN is solely a holder of the trusts’ securities.

(e) | Includes $112.5 million classified as Loans, net of unearned income, and $1.7 million classified as Trading securities which are offset by $65.9 million classified as Term borrowings.

(f) | Includes $.8 billion classified as Trading securities and $4.4 billion classified as Securities available-for-sale.

(g) | Maximum loss exposure represents $41.4 million of current receivables and $.6 million of contractual funding commitments on loans related to commercial borrowers involved in a troubled debt restructuring.

(h) | Maximum loss exposure represents the current loan balance plus additional funding commitments less amounts received from the buyer-lessor.

(i) | No exposure to loss due to nature of FHN's involvement.

The following table summarizes FHN’s nonconsolidated VIEs as of December 31, 2017:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | Maximum Loss Exposure |  | Liability Recognized |  | Classification
Type |  |  |  |  |  |
Low income housing partnerships |  | $ | 94,798 |  |  | $ | 33,348 |  |  | (a)
Other tax credit investments (b) (c) |  | 20,394 |  |  | — |  |  | Other assets
Small issuer trust preferred holdings (d) |  | 332,455 |  |  | — |  |  | Loans, net of unearned income
On-balance sheet trust preferred securitization |  | 48,817 |  |  | 65,357 |  |  | (e)
Proprietary residential mortgage securitizations |  | 2,151 |  |  | — |  |  | Trading securities
Holdings of agency mortgage-backed securities (d) |  | 5,349,287 |  |  | — |  |  | (f)
Commercial loan troubled debt restructurings (g) |  | 19,411 |  |  | — |  |  | Loans, net of unearned income
Sale-leaseback transaction |  | 14,827 |  |  | — |  |  | (h)
Proprietary trust preferred issuances (i) |  | — |  |  | 212,378 |  |  | Term borrowings

(a) | Maximum loss exposure represents $61.5 million of current investments and $33.3 million of accrued contractual funding commitments. Accrued funding commitments represent unconditional contractual obligations for future funding events, and are also recognized in Other liabilities. FHN currently expects to be required to fund these accrued commitments by the end of 2020.

(b) | A liability is not recognized as investments are written down over the life of the related tax credit.

(c) | Maximum loss exposure represents current investment balance. Of the initial investment, $18.0 million was funded through loans from community development enterprises.

(d) | Maximum loss exposure represents the value of current investments. A liability is not recognized as FHN is solely a holder of the trusts’ securities.

(e) | Includes $112.5 million classified as Loans, net of unearned income, and $1.7 million classified as Trading securities which are offset by $65.4 million classified as Term borrowings.

(f) | Includes $.5 billion classified as Trading securities and $4.8 billion classified as Securities available-for-sale.

(g) | Maximum loss exposure represents $19.1 million of current receivables and $.3 million of contractual funding commitments on loans related to commercial borrowers involved in a troubled debt restructuring.

(h) | Maximum loss exposure represents the current loan balance plus additional funding commitments less amounts received from the buyer-lessor.

(i) | No exposure to loss due to nature of FHN's involvement.

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Note 14 – Derivatives
In the normal course of business, FHN utilizes various financial instruments (including derivative contracts and credit-related agreements) through its fixed income and risk management operations, as part of its risk management strategy and as a means to meet customers’ needs. Derivative instruments are subject to credit and market risks in excess of the amount recorded on the balance sheet as required by GAAP. The contractual or notional amounts of these financial instruments do not necessarily represent the amount of credit or market risk. However, they can be used to measure the extent of involvement in various types of financial instruments. Controls and monitoring procedures for these instruments have been established and are routinely reevaluated. The Asset/Liability Committee (“ALCO”) controls, coordinates, and monitors the usage and effectiveness of these financial instruments.
Credit risk represents the potential loss that may occur if a party to a transaction fails to perform according to the terms of the contract. The measure of credit exposure is the replacement cost of contracts with a positive fair value. FHN manages credit risk by entering into financial instrument transactions through national exchanges, primary dealers or approved counterparties, and by using mutual margining and master netting agreements whenever possible to limit potential exposure. FHN also maintains collateral posting requirements with certain counterparties to limit credit risk. Both central clearinghouses used by FHN consider daily variation margin posted or received as legal settlements of the related derivative contracts. This results in these amounts being presented net by contract in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition. This has no effect on hedge accounting or gains/losses for the applicable derivative contracts. On September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, FHN had $81.7 million and $60.3 million of cash receivables and $50.3 million and $49.7 million of cash payables related to collateral posting under master netting arrangements, inclusive of collateral posted related to contracts with adjustable collateral posting thresholds and over-collateralized positions, with derivative counterparties. With exchange-traded contracts, the credit risk is limited to the clearinghouse used. For non-exchange traded instruments, credit risk may occur when there is a gain in the fair value of the financial instrument and the counterparty fails to perform according to the terms of the contract and/or when the collateral proves to be of insufficient value. See additional discussion regarding master netting agreements and collateral posting requirements later in this note under the heading “Master Netting and Similar Agreements.” Market risk represents the potential loss due to the decrease in the value of a financial instrument caused primarily by changes in interest rates or the prices of debt instruments. FHN manages market risk by establishing and monitoring limits on the types and degree of risk that may be undertaken. FHN continually measures this risk through the use of models that measure value-at-risk and earnings-at-risk.
Derivative Instruments. FHN enters into various derivative contracts both in a dealer capacity to facilitate customer transactions and as a risk management tool. Where contracts have been created for customers, FHN enters into upstream transactions with dealers to offset its risk exposure. Contracts with dealers that require central clearing are novated to a clearing agent who becomes FHN’s counterparty. Derivatives are also used as a risk management tool to hedge FHN’s exposure to changes in interest rates or other defined market risks.
Forward contracts are over-the-counter contracts where two parties agree to purchase and sell a specific quantity of a financial instrument at a specified price, with delivery or settlement at a specified date. Futures contracts are exchange-traded contracts where two parties agree to purchase and sell a specific quantity of a financial instrument at a specified price, with delivery or settlement at a specified date. Interest rate option contracts give the purchaser the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a specified quantity of a financial instrument, at a specified price, during a specified period of time. Caps and floors are options that are linked to a notional principal amount and an underlying indexed interest rate. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange of interest payments at specified intervals between two parties without the exchange of any underlying principal. Swaptions are options on interest rate swaps that give the purchaser the right, but not the obligation, to enter into an interest rate swap agreement during a specified period of time.
Trading Activities
FHN’s fixed income segment trades U.S. Treasury, U.S. Agency, government-guaranteed loan, mortgage-backed, corporate and municipal fixed income securities, and other securities for distribution to customers. When these securities settle on a delayed basis, they are considered forward contracts. Fixed income also enters into interest rate contracts, including caps, swaps, and floors, for its customers. In addition, fixed income enters into futures and option contracts to economically hedge interest rate risk associated with a portion of its securities inventory. These transactions are measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized currently in fixed income noninterest income. Related assets and liabilities are recorded on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition as Derivative assets and Derivative liabilities. The FTN Financial Risk Committee and the Credit Risk Management Committee collaborate to mitigate credit risk related to these transactions. Credit risk is controlled through credit approvals, risk control limits, and ongoing monitoring procedures. Total trading revenues were $34.3 million and
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Note 14 – Derivatives (Continued)
$45.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, and $102.3 million and $133.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Trading revenues are inclusive of both derivative and non-derivative financial instruments, and are included in fixed income noninterest income.
The following tables summarize FHN’s derivatives associated with fixed income trading activities as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

|  | September 30, 2018
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Notional |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
Customer interest rate contracts |  | $ | 2,200,080 |  |  | $ | 7,861 |  |  | $ | 55,392 |
Offsetting upstream interest rate contracts |  | 2,200,080 |  |  | 7,904 |  |  | 8,244 |
Option contracts purchased |  | 30,000 |  |  | 32 |  |  | — |
Forwards and futures purchased |  | 5,425,631 |  |  | 4,915 |  |  | 14,002 |
Forwards and futures sold |  | 5,701,595 |  |  | 15,098 |  |  | 4,768 |

|  | December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Notional |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
Customer interest rate contracts |  | $ | 2,026,753 |  |  | $ | 22,097 |  |  | $ | 18,323 |
Offsetting upstream interest rate contracts |  | 2,026,753 |  |  | 17,931 |  |  | 20,720 |
Option contracts purchased |  | 20,000 |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |
Forwards and futures purchased |  | 6,257,140 |  |  | 4,354 |  |  | 5,526 |
Forwards and futures sold |  | 6,292,012 |  |  | 5,806 |  |  | 4,010 |

Interest Rate Risk Management
FHN’s ALCO focuses on managing market risk by controlling and limiting earnings volatility attributable to changes in interest rates. Interest rate risk exists to the extent that interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities have different maturity or repricing characteristics. FHN uses derivatives, primarily swaps, that are designed to moderate the impact on earnings as interest rates change. Interest paid or received for swaps utilized by FHN to hedge the fair value of long term debt is recognized as an adjustment of the interest expense of the liabilities whose risk is being managed. FHN’s interest rate risk management policy is to use derivatives to hedge interest rate risk or market value of assets or liabilities, not to speculate. In addition, FHN has entered into certain interest rate swaps and caps as a part of a product offering to commercial customers that includes customer derivatives paired with upstream offsetting market instruments that, when completed, are designed to mitigate interest rate risk. These contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting and are measured at fair value with gains or losses included in current earnings in Noninterest expense on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income.
FHN has designated a derivative transaction in a hedging strategy to manage interest rate risk on $400.0 million of senior debt issued by FTBNA which matures in December 2019. This qualifies for hedge accounting under ASC 815-20 using the long-haul method. FHN entered into a pay floating, receive fixed interest rate swap to hedge the interest rate risk of the senior debt. The balance sheet impact of this swap was not significant as of September 30, 2018 and was $.1 million in Derivative assets as of December 31, 2017.
FHN has designated a derivative transaction in a hedging strategy to manage interest rate risk on $500.0 million of senior debt which matures in December 2020. This qualifies for hedge accounting under ASC 815-20 using the long-haul method. FHN entered into a pay floating, receive fixed interest rate swap to hedge the interest rate risk of the senior debt. The balance sheet impact of this swap was not significant as of September 30, 2018 and was $.2 million in Derivative assets as of December 31, 2017.
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The following tables summarize FHN’s derivatives associated with interest rate risk management activities as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

|  | September 30, 2018
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Notional |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
Customer Interest Rate Contracts Hedging |  |  |  |  |  |
Hedging Instruments and Hedged Items: |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer interest rate contracts |  | $ | 1,871,936 |  |  | $ | 3,792 |  |  | $ | 50,992 |
Offsetting upstream interest rate contracts |  | 1,871,936 |  |  | 14,182 |  |  | 2,608 |
Debt Hedging |  |  |  |  |  |
Hedging Instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  | $ | 900,000 |  |  | $ | 189 |  |  | N/A |
Hedged Items: |  |  |  |  |  |
Term borrowings: |  |  |  |  |  |
Par |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | $ | 900,000 |
Cumulative fair value hedging adjustments |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | (21,782 | )
Unamortized premium/(discount) and issuance costs |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | (2,699 | )
Total carrying value |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | 875,519 |

|  | December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Notional |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
Customer Interest Rate Contracts Hedging |  |  |  |  |  |
Hedging Instruments and Hedged Items: |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer interest rate contracts |  | $ | 1,608,912 |  |  | $ | 11,644 |  |  | $ | 19,780 |
Offsetting upstream interest rate contracts |  | 1,608,912 |  |  | 18,473 |  |  | 11,019 |
Debt Hedging |  |  |  |  |  |
Hedging Instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  | $ | 900,000 |  |  | $ | 371 |  |  | N/A |
Hedged Items: |  |  |  |  |  |
Term borrowings: |  |  |  |  |  |
Par |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | $ | 900,000 |
Cumulative fair value hedging adjustments |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | (13,472 | )
Unamortized premium/(discount) and issuance costs |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | (3,910 | )
Total carrying value |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | $ | 882,618 |

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Note 14 – Derivatives (Continued)
The following table summarizes gains/(losses) on FHN’s derivatives associated with interest rate risk management activities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Gains/(Losses) |  | Gains/(Losses) |  | Gains/(Losses) |  | Gains/(Losses)
Customer Interest Rate Contracts Hedging |  |  |  |  |  |
Hedging Instruments and Hedged Items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer interest rate contracts (a) |  | $ | (10,620 | ) |  | $ | (180 | ) |  | $ | (39,803 | ) |  | $ | 643 |
Offsetting upstream interest rate contracts (a) |  | 10,620 |  |  | 180 |  |  | 39,803 |  |  | (643 | )
Debt Hedging |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hedging Instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps (b) |  | $ | (246 | ) |  | $ | (966 | ) |  | $ | (8,386 | ) |  | $ | (1,958 | )
Hedged Items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term borrowings (b) (c) |  | 240 |  |  | 941 |  |  | 8,310 |  |  | 1,870 |

(a) | Gains/losses included in All other expense within the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income.

(b) | Gains/losses included in the Interest expense for 2018 and All other expense for 2017 within the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income.

(c) | Represents gains and losses attributable to changes in fair value due to interest rate risk as designated in ASC 815-20 hedging relationships.

In first quarter 2016, FHN entered into a pay floating, receive fixed interest rate swap in a hedging strategy to manage its exposure to the variability in cash flows related to the interest payments for the following five years on $250 million principal of debt instruments, which primarily consist of held-to-maturity trust preferred loans that have variable interest payments based on 3-month LIBOR. In first quarter 2017, FHN initiated cash flow hedges of $650 million notional amount that had initial durations between three and seven years. The debt instruments primarily consist of held-to-maturity commercial loans that have variable interest payments based on 1-month LIBOR. These qualify for hedge accounting as cash flow hedges under ASC 815-20. Subsequent to 2017, all changes in the fair value of these derivatives are recorded as a component of AOCI. Amounts are reclassified from AOCI to earnings as the hedged cash flows affect earnings. Prior to 2018, FTB measured ineffectiveness using the Hypothetical Derivative Method and AOCI was adjusted to an amount that reflected the lesser of either the cumulative change in fair value of the swaps or the cumulative change in the fair value of the hypothetical derivative instruments. To the extent that any ineffectiveness existed in the hedge relationships, the amounts were recorded in current period earnings. Interest paid or received for these swaps is recognized as an adjustment to interest income of the assets whose cash flows are being hedged.
The following tables summarize FHN’s derivative activities associated with cash flow hedges as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

|  | September 30, 2018
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Notional |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
Cash Flow Hedges |  |  |  |  |  |
Hedging Instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  | $ | 900,000 |  |  | $ | 373 |  |  | N/A
Hedged Items: |  |  |  |  |  |
Variability in cash flows related to debt instruments (primarily loans) |  | N/A |  |  | $ | 900,000 |  |  | N/A

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|  | December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Notional |  | Assets |  | Liabilities
Cash Flow Hedges |  |  |  |  |  |
Hedging Instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  | $ | 900,000 |  |  | $ | 942 |  |  | N/A
Hedged Items: |  |  |  |  |  |
Variability in cash flows related to debt instruments (primarily loans) |  | N/A |  |  | $ | 900,000 |  |  | N/A

The following table summarizes gains/(losses) on FHN’s derivatives associated with cash flow hedges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Gains/(Losses) |  | Gains/(Losses) |  | Gains/(Losses) |  | Gains/(Losses)
Cash Flow Hedges |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hedging Instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps (a) |  | $ | (2,257 | ) |  | $ | (1,190 | ) |  | $ | (17,788 | ) |  | $ | (800 | )
Gain/(loss) recognized in Other comprehensive income/(loss) |  | (2,517 | ) |  | (91 | ) |  | (14,612 | ) |  | 1,906 |
Gain/(loss) reclassified from AOCI into Interest income |  | 771 |  |  | (643 | ) |  | 1,079 |  |  | (2,399 | )

(a) | Approximately $10.6 million of pre-tax losses are expected to be reclassified into earnings in the next twelve months.

Other Derivatives
In conjunction with the sales of a portion of its Visa Class B shares in 2010 and 2011, FHN and the purchaser entered into derivative transactions whereby FHN will make or receive cash payments whenever the conversion ratio of the Visa Class B shares into Visa Class A shares is adjusted. FHN is also required to make periodic financing payments to the purchasers until all of Visa's covered litigation matters are resolved. In third quarter 2018, FHN sold the remainder of its Visa Class B shares, entering into a similar derivative arrangement with the counterparty. All of these derivatives extend until the end of Visa’s Covered Litigation matters. In September 2018, Visa reached a preliminary settlement for one class of plaintiffs in its Payment Card Interchange matter. This settlement is subject to court approval and contains opt out provisions for individual plaintiffs as well as a termination option if opt outs exceed a specified threshold. Settlement has not been reached with the second class of plaintiffs in this matter and other covered litigation matters are also pending judicial resolution. Accordingly, the value and timing for completion of Visa’s Covered Litigation matters are uncertain.
The derivative transaction executed in third quarter 2018 includes a contingent accelerated termination clause based on the credit ratings of FHN and FTBNA. FHN has not received or paid collateral related to this contract. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the derivative liabilities associated with the sales of Visa Class B shares were $34.2 million and $5.6 million, respectively. $28.1 million of the value at September 30, 2018 relates to the transaction executed in third quarter 2018. See the Visa Matters section of Note 10 - Contingencies and Other Disclosures for more information regarding FHN’s Visa shares. See Note 16 - Fair Value of Assets & Liabilities for discussion of the valuation inputs and processes for these Visa-related derivatives.
FHN utilizes cross currency swaps and cross currency interest rate swaps to economically hedge its exposure to foreign currency risk and interest rate risk associated with non-U.S. dollar denominated loans. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, these loans were valued at $10.6 million and $1.5 million, respectively. The balance sheet amount and the gains/losses associated with these derivatives were not significant.
Master Netting and Similar Agreements
As previously discussed, FHN uses master netting agreements, mutual margining agreements and collateral posting requirements to minimize credit risk on derivative contracts. Master netting and similar agreements are used when counterparties have multiple derivatives contracts that allow for a “right of setoff,” meaning that a counterparty may net
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Note 14 – Derivatives (Continued)
offsetting positions and collateral with the same counterparty under the contract to determine a net receivable or payable. The following discussion provides an overview of these arrangements which may vary due to the derivative type and market in which a derivative transaction is executed.
Interest rate derivatives are subject to agreements consistent with standard agreement forms of the International Swap and Derivatives Association (“ISDA”). Currently, all interest rate derivative contracts are entered into as over-the-counter transactions and collateral posting requirements are based on the net asset or liability position with each respective counterparty. For contracts that require central clearing, novation to a counterparty with access to a clearinghouse occurs and margin is posted. Cash margin received (posted) that is considered settlements for the derivative contracts is included in the respective derivative asset (liability) value. Cash margin that is considered collateral received (posted) for interest rate derivatives is recognized as a liability (asset) on FHN’s Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition.
Interest rate derivatives with customers that are smaller financial institutions typically require posting of collateral by the counterparty to FHN. This collateral is subject to a threshold with daily adjustments based upon changes in the level or fair value of the derivative position. Positions and related collateral can be netted in the event of default. Collateral pledged by a counterparty is typically cash or securities. The securities pledged as collateral are not recognized within FHN’s Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition. Interest rate derivatives associated with lending arrangements share the collateral with the related loan(s). The derivative and loan positions may be netted in the event of default. For disclosure purposes, the entire collateral amount is allocated to the loan.
Interest rate derivatives with larger financial institutions entered into prior to required central clearing typically contain provisions whereby the collateral posting thresholds under the agreements adjust based on the credit ratings of both counterparties. If the credit rating of FHN and/or FTBNA is lowered, FHN could be required to post additional collateral with the counterparties. Conversely, if the credit rating of FHN and/or FTBNA is increased, FHN could have collateral released and be required to post less collateral in the future. Also, if a counterparty’s credit ratings were to decrease, FHN and/or FTBNA could require the posting of additional collateral; whereas if a counterparty’s credit ratings were to increase, the counterparty could require the release of excess collateral. Collateral for these arrangements is adjusted daily based on changes in the net fair value position with each counterparty.
The net fair value, determined by individual counterparty, of all derivative instruments with adjustable collateral posting thresholds was $22.0 million of assets and $57.7 million of liabilities on September 30, 2018, and $23.3 million of assets and $34.5 million of liabilities on December 31, 2017. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, FHN had received collateral of $92.3 million and $119.3 million and posted collateral of $20.4 million and $18.9 million, respectively, in the normal course of business related to these agreements.
Certain agreements entered into prior to required central clearing also contain accelerated termination provisions, inclusive of the right of offset, if a counterparty’s credit rating falls below a specified level. If a counterparty’s debt rating (including FHN’s and FTBNA’s) were to fall below these minimums, these provisions would be triggered, and the counterparties could terminate the agreements and require immediate settlement of all derivative contracts under the agreements. The net fair value, determined by individual counterparty, of all derivative instruments with credit-risk-related contingent accelerated termination provisions was $18.1 million of assets and $54.5 million of liabilities on September 30, 2018, and $22.8 million of assets and $19.4 million of liabilities on December 31, 2017. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, FHN had received collateral of $88.2 million and $118.6 million and posted collateral of $20.9 million and $6.7 million, respectively, in the normal course of business related to these contracts.
FHN’s fixed income segment buys and sells various types of securities for its customers. When these securities settle on a delayed basis, they are considered forward contracts, and are generally not subject to master netting agreements. For futures and options, FHN transacts through a third party, and the transactions are subject to margin and collateral maintenance requirements. In the event of default, open positions can be offset along with the associated collateral.
For this disclosure, FHN considers the impact of master netting and other similar agreements which allow FHN to settle all contracts with a single counterparty on a net basis and to offset the net derivative asset or liability position with the related securities and cash collateral. The application of the collateral cannot reduce the net derivative asset or liability position below zero, and therefore any excess collateral is not reflected in the following tables.
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Note 14 – Derivatives (Continued)
The following table provides details of derivative assets and collateral received as presented on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Gross amounts not offset in the Statements of Condition |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Gross amounts of recognized assets |  | Gross amounts offset in the Statements of Condition |  | Net amounts of assets presented in the Statements of Condition (a) |  | Derivative liabilities available for offset |  | Collateral received |  | Net amount
Derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2018 (b) |  | $ | 34,414 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 34,414 |  |  | $ | (8,590 | ) |  | $ | (25,156 | ) |  | $ | 668 |
December 31, 2017 (b) |  | 71,458 |  |  | — |  |  | 71,458 |  |  | (17,278 | ) |  | (51,271 | ) |  | 2,909 |

(a) | Included in Derivative assets on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, $20.1 million and $10.2 million, respectively, of derivative assets (primarily fixed income forward contracts) have been excluded from these tables because they are generally not subject to master netting or similar agreements.

(b) | Amounts are comprised entirely of interest rate derivative contracts.

The following table provides details of derivative liabilities and collateral pledged as presented on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Gross amounts not offset in the Statements of Condition |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Gross amounts of recognized liabilities |  | Gross amounts offset in the Statements of Condition |  | Net amounts of liabilities presented in the Statements of Condition (a) |  | Derivative assets available for offset |  | Collateral pledged |  | Net amount
Derivative liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2018 (b) |  | $ | 117,241 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 117,241 |  |  | $ | (8,590 | ) |  | $ | (65,354 | ) |  | $ | 43,297 |
December 31, 2017 (b) |  | 69,842 |  |  | — |  |  | 69,842 |  |  | (17,278 | ) |  | (51,801 | ) |  | 763 |

(a) | Included in Derivative liabilities on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, $53.1 million and $15.2 million, respectively, of derivative liabilities (primarily Visa-related derivatives and fixed income forward contracts) have been excluded from these tables because they are generally not subject to master netting or similar agreements.

(b) | Amounts are comprised entirely of interest rate derivative contracts.

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Note 15 – Master Netting and Similar Agreements—Repurchase, Reverse Repurchase, and Securities Borrowing Transactions
For repurchase, reverse repurchase and securities borrowing transactions, FHN and each counterparty have the ability to offset all open positions and related collateral in the event of default. Due to the nature of these transactions, the value of the collateral for each transaction approximates the value of the corresponding receivable or payable. For repurchase agreements through FHN’s fixed income business (Securities purchased under agreements to resell and Securities sold under agreements to repurchase), transactions are collateralized by securities and/or government guaranteed loans which are delivered on the settlement date and are maintained throughout the term of the transaction. For FHN’s repurchase agreements through banking activities (Securities sold under agreements to repurchase), securities are typically pledged at settlement and not released until maturity. For asset positions, the collateral is not included on FHN’s Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition. For liability positions, securities collateral pledged by FHN is generally represented within FHN’s trading or available-for-sale securities portfolios.
For this disclosure, FHN considers the impact of master netting and other similar agreements that allow FHN to settle all contracts with a single counterparty on a net basis and to offset the net asset or liability position with the related securities collateral. The application of the collateral cannot reduce the net asset or liability position below zero, and therefore any excess collateral is not reflected in the tables below.
The following table provides details of Securities purchased under agreements to resell as presented on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition and collateral pledged by counterparties as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Gross amounts not offset in the Statements of Condition |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Gross amounts of recognized assets |  | Gross amounts offset in the Statements of Condition |  | Net amounts of assets presented in the Statements of Condition |  | Offsetting securities sold under agreements to repurchase |  | Securities collateral (not recognized on FHN’s Statements of Condition) |  | Net amount
Securities purchased under agreements to resell: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2018 |  | $ | 687,437 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 687,437 |  |  | $ | (1,017 | ) |  | $ | (681,110 | ) |  | $ | 5,310 |
December 31, 2017 |  | 725,609 |  |  | — |  |  | 725,609 |  |  | (259 | ) |  | (720,036 | ) |  | 5,314 |

The following table provides details of Securities sold under agreements to repurchase as presented on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition and collateral pledged by FHN as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Gross amounts not offset in the Statements of Condition |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Gross amounts of recognized liabilities |  | Gross amounts offset in the Statements of Condition |  | Net amounts of liabilities presented in the Statements of Condition |  | Offsetting securities purchased under agreements to resell |  | Securities/ government guaranteed loans collateral |  | Net amount
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2018 |  | $ | 678,510 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 678,510 |  |  | $ | (1,017 | ) |  | $ | (677,125 | ) |  | $ | 368 |
December 31, 2017 |  | 656,602 |  |  | — |  |  | 656,602 |  |  | (259 | ) |  | (656,216 | ) |  | 127 |

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Note 15 – Master Netting and Similar Agreements—Repurchase, Reverse Repurchase, and Securities Borrowing Transactions (Continued)
Due to the short duration of Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and the nature of collateral involved, the risks associated with these transactions are considered minimal. The following tables provide details, by collateral type, of the remaining contractual maturity of Securities sold under agreements to repurchase as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

|  | September 30, 2018
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Overnight and Continuous |  | Up to 30 Days |  | Total
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase: |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. treasuries |  | $ | 17,555 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,555 |
Government agency issued MBS |  | 314,231 |  |  | 5,529 |  |  | 319,760 |
Government agency issued CMO |  | 49,553 |  |  | 2,413 |  |  | 51,966 |
Government guaranteed loans (SBA and USDA) |  | 289,229 |  |  | — |  |  | 289,229 |
Total Securities sold under agreements to repurchase |  | $ | 670,568 |  |  | $ | 7,942 |  |  | $ | 678,510 |
|  | December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Overnight and Continuous |  | Up to 30 Days |  | Total
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase: |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. treasuries |  | $ | 13,830 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13,830 |
Government agency issued MBS |  | 424,821 |  |  | 5,365 |  |  | 430,186 |
Government agency issued CMO |  | 54,037 |  |  | 3,666 |  |  | 57,703 |
Government guaranteed loans (SBA and USDA) |  | 154,883 |  |  | — |  |  | 154,883 |
Total Securities sold under agreements to repurchase |  | $ | 647,571 |  |  | $ | 9,031 |  |  | $ | 656,602 |

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Note 16 – Fair Value of Assets & Liabilities
FHN groups its assets and liabilities measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. This hierarchy requires FHN to maximize the use of observable market data, when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. Each fair value measurement is placed into the proper level based on the lowest level of significant input. These levels are:

• | Level 1—Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.

• | Level 2—Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.

• | Level 3—Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models, and similar techniques.

Transfers between fair value levels are recognized at the end of the fiscal quarter in which the associated change in inputs occurs.
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Note 16 – Fair Value of Assets & Liabilities (Continued)
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The following table presents the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2018:

|  | September 30, 2018
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Trading securities—fixed income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. treasuries |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 121,490 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 121,490 |
Government agency issued MBS |  | — |  |  | 235,403 |  |  | — |  |  | 235,403 |
Government agency issued CMO |  | — |  |  | 568,344 |  |  | — |  |  | 568,344 |
Other U.S. government agencies |  | — |  |  | 43,642 |  |  | — |  |  | 43,642 |
States and municipalities |  | — |  |  | 54,669 |  |  | — |  |  | 54,669 |
Corporates and other debt |  | — |  |  | 866,128 |  |  | — |  |  | 866,128 |
Equity, mutual funds, and other |  | — |  |  | 39,723 |  |  | — |  |  | 39,723 |
Total trading securities—fixed income |  | — |  |  | 1,929,399 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,929,399 |
Trading securities—mortgage banking |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,592 |  |  | 1,592 |
Loans held-for-sale (elected fair value) |  | — |  |  | 182 |  |  | 16,236 |  |  | 16,418 |
Securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. treasuries |  | — |  |  | 98 |  |  | — |  |  | 98 |
Government agency issued MBS |  | — |  |  | 2,414,877 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,414,877 |
Government agency issued CMO |  | — |  |  | 1,991,184 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,991,184 |
Other U.S. government agencies |  | — |  |  | 113,088 |  |  | — |  |  | 113,088 |
States and municipalities |  | — |  |  | 23,701 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,701 |
Corporates and other debt |  | — |  |  | 55,074 |  |  | — |  |  | 55,074 |
Interest-only strips (elected fair value) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,361 |  |  | 10,361 |
Total securities available-for-sale |  | — |  |  | 4,598,022 |  |  | 10,361 |  |  | 4,608,383 |
Other assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred compensation mutual funds |  | 40,912 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 40,912 |
Equity, mutual funds, and other |  | 22,141 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22,141 |
Derivatives, forwards and futures |  | 20,013 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20,013 |
Derivatives, interest rate contracts |  | — |  |  | 34,333 |  |  | — |  |  | 34,333 |
Derivatives, other |  | — |  |  | 130 |  |  | — |  |  | 130 |
Total other assets |  | 83,066 |  |  | 34,463 |  |  | — |  |  | 117,529 |
Total assets |  | $ | 83,066 |  |  | $ | 6,562,066 |  |  | $ | 28,189 |  |  | $ | 6,673,321 |
Trading liabilities—fixed income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. treasuries |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 574,897 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 574,897 |
States and municipalities |  | — |  |  | 110 |  |  | — |  |  | 110 |
Corporates and other debt |  | — |  |  | 164,687 |  |  | — |  |  | 164,687 |
Total trading liabilities—fixed income |  | — |  |  | 739,694 |  |  | — |  |  | 739,694 |
Other liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives, forwards and futures |  | 18,770 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,770 |
Derivatives, interest rate contracts |  | — |  |  | 117,236 |  |  | — |  |  | 117,236 |
Derivatives, other |  | — |  |  | 106 |  |  | 34,212 |  |  | 34,318 |
Total other liabilities |  | 18,770 |  |  | 117,342 |  |  | 34,212 |  |  | 170,324 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 18,770 |  |  | $ | 857,036 |  |  | $ | 34,212 |  |  | $ | 910,018 |

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Note 16 – Fair Value of Assets & Liabilities (Continued)
The following table presents the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2017:

|  | December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Trading securities—fixed income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. treasuries |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 128,995 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 128,995 |
Government agency issued MBS |  | — |  |  | 227,038 |  |  | — |  |  | 227,038 |
Government agency issued CMO |  | — |  |  | 275,014 |  |  | — |  |  | 275,014 |
Other U.S. government agencies |  | — |  |  | 54,699 |  |  | — |  |  | 54,699 |
States and municipalities |  | — |  |  | 34,573 |  |  | — |  |  | 34,573 |
Corporates and other debt |  | — |  |  | 693,877 |  |  | — |  |  | 693,877 |
Equity, mutual funds, and other |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2 | )
Total trading securities—fixed income |  | — |  |  | 1,414,194 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,414,194 |
Trading securities—mortgage banking |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,151 |  |  | 2,151 |
Loans held-for-sale |  | — |  |  | 1,955 |  |  | 18,926 |  |  | 20,881 |
Securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. treasuries |  | — |  |  | 99 |  |  | — |  |  | 99 |
Government agency issued MBS |  | — |  |  | 2,577,376 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,577,376 |
Government agency issued CMO |  | — |  |  | 2,269,858 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,269,858 |
Corporates and other debt |  | — |  |  | 55,782 |  |  | — |  |  | 55,782 |
Interest-only strips |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,270 |  |  | 1,270 |
Equity, mutual funds, and other |  | 27,017 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,017 |
Total securities available-for-sale |  | 27,017 |  |  | 4,903,115 |  |  | 1,270 |  |  | 4,931,402 |
Other assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred compensation assets |  | 39,822 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 39,822 |
Derivatives, forwards and futures |  | 10,161 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,161 |
Derivatives, interest rate contracts |  | — |  |  | 71,473 |  |  | — |  |  | 71,473 |
Total other assets |  | 49,983 |  |  | 71,473 |  |  | — |  |  | 121,456 |
Total assets |  | $ | 77,000 |  |  | $ | 6,390,737 |  |  | $ | 22,347 |  |  | $ | 6,490,084 |
Trading liabilities—fixed income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. treasuries |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 506,679 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 506,679 |
Corporates and other debt |  | — |  |  | 131,836 |  |  | — |  |  | 131,836 |
Total trading liabilities—fixed income |  | — |  |  | 638,515 |  |  | — |  |  | 638,515 |
Other liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives, forwards and futures |  | 9,535 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,535 |
Derivatives, interest rate contracts |  | — |  |  | 69,842 |  |  | — |  |  | 69,842 |
Derivatives, other |  | — |  |  | 39 |  |  | 5,645 |  |  | 5,684 |
Total other liabilities |  | 9,535 |  |  | 69,881 |  |  | 5,645 |  |  | 85,061 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 9,535 |  |  | $ | 708,396 |  |  | $ | 5,645 |  |  | $ | 723,576 |

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Note 16 – Fair Value of Assets & Liabilities (Continued)
Changes in Recurring Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
The changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, on a recurring basis are summarized as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Trading securities |  |  |  | Interest- only strips- AFS |  |  |  | Loans held- for-sale |  |  |  | Net derivative liabilities |  |
Balance on July 1, 2018 |  | $ | 1,724 |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,787 |  |  |  |  | $ | 16,718 |  |  |  |  | $ | (9,425 | ) |  |
Total net gains/(losses) included in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | 33 |  |  |  |  | (456 | ) |  |  |  | 277 |  |  |  |  | (529 | ) |  |
Purchases |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (28,100 | ) |  | (e)
Sales |  | — |  |  |  |  | (2,034 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |
Settlements |  | (165 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (759 | ) |  |  |  | 3,842 |  |  |
Net transfers into/(out of) Level 3 |  | — |  |  |  |  | 7,064 |  |  | (b) |  | — |  |  | (d) |  | — |  |  |
Balance on September 30, 2018 |  | $ | 1,592 |  |  |  |  | $ | 10,361 |  |  |  |  | $ | 16,236 |  |  |  |  | $ | (34,212 | ) |  |
Net unrealized gains/(losses) included in net income |  | $ | (3 | ) |  | (a) |  | $ | (215 | ) |  | (c) |  | $ | 277 |  |  | (a) |  | $ | (530 | ) |  | (f)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Trading securities |  |  |  | Interest-only strips-AFS |  |  |  | Loans held-for-sale |  |  |  | Net derivative liabilities |  |
Balance on July 1, 2017 |  | $ | 2,464 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,163 |  |  |  |  | $ | 20,587 |  |  |  |  | $ | (5,700 | ) |  |
Total net gains/(losses) included in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | 92 |  |  |  |  | (160 | ) |  |  |  | 390 |  |  |  |  | (129 | ) |  |
Purchases |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 43 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |
Settlements |  | (251 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (939 | ) |  |  |  | 299 |  |  |
Net transfers into/(out of) Level 3 |  | — |  |  |  |  | 2,120 |  |  | (b) |  | — |  |  | (d) |  | — |  |  |
Balance on September 30, 2017 |  | $ | 2,305 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,123 |  |  |  |  | $ | 20,081 |  |  |  |  | $ | (5,530 | ) |  |
Net unrealized gains/(losses) included in net income |  | $ | 62 |  |  | (a) |  | $ | (72 | ) |  | (c) |  | $ | 390 |  |  | (a) |  | $ | (129 | ) |  | (f)

(a) | Primarily included in mortgage banking income on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income.

(b) | Transfers into interest-only strips - AFS level 3 measured on a recurring basis reflect movements from loans held-for-sale (Level 2 nonrecurring).

(c) | Primarily included in fixed income on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income.

(d) | Transfers out of loans held-for-sale level 3 measured on a recurring basis generally reflect movements into OREO (level 3 nonrecurring).

(e) | Increase related to newly executed Visa-related derivatives, see Note 14- Derivatives for additional discussion.

(f) | Included in Other expense.

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Note 16 – Fair Value of Assets & Liabilities (Continued)
Changes in Recurring Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
The changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, on a recurring basis are summarized as follows:

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Trading securities |  |  |  | Interest- only strips- AFS |  |  |  | Loans held- for-sale |  |  |  | Net derivative liabilities |  |
Balance on January 1, 2018 |  | $ | 2,151 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,270 |  |  |  |  | $ | 18,926 |  |  |  |  | $ | (5,645 | ) |  |
Total net gains/(losses) included in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | 173 |  |  |  |  | 840 |  |  |  |  | 986 |  |  |  |  | (4,904 | ) |  |
Purchases |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 62 |  |  |  |  | (28,100 | ) |  | (e)
Sales |  | — |  |  |  |  | (11,227 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |
Settlements |  | (732 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (3,382 | ) |  |  |  | 4,437 |  |  |
Net transfers into/(out of) Level 3 |  | — |  |  |  |  | 19,478 |  |  | (b) |  | (356 | ) |  | (d) |  | — |  |  |
Balance on September 30, 2018 |  | $ | 1,592 |  |  |  |  | $ | 10,361 |  |  |  |  | $ | 16,236 |  |  |  |  | $ | (34,212 | ) |  |
Net unrealized gains/(losses) included in net income |  | $ | 59 |  |  | (a) |  | $ | (279 | ) |  | (c) |  | $ | 986 |  |  | (a) |  | $ | (4,904 | ) |  | (f)

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Trading securities |  |  |  | Interest-only-strips- AFS |  |  |  | Loans held- for-sale |  |  |  | Net derivative liabilities |  |
Balance on January 1, 2017 |  | $ | 2,573 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 21,924 |  |  |  |  | $ | (6,245 | ) |  |
Total net gains/(losses) included in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | 380 |  |  |  |  | 107 |  |  |  |  | 1,722 |  |  |  |  | (179 | ) |  |
Purchases |  | — |  |  |  |  | 1,413 |  |  |  |  | 118 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |
Sales |  | — |  |  |  |  | (3,291 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |
Settlements |  | (648 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (3,340 | ) |  |  |  | 894 |  |  |
Net transfers into/(out of) Level 3 |  | — |  |  |  |  | 4,894 |  |  | (b) |  | (343 | ) |  | (d) |  | — |  |  |
Balance on September 30, 2017 |  | $ | 2,305 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,123 |  |  |  |  | $ | 20,081 |  |  |  |  | $ | (5,530 | ) |  |
Net unrealized gains/(losses) included in net income |  | $ | 264 |  |  | (a) |  | $ | (122 | ) |  | (c) |  | $ | 1,722 |  |  | (a) |  | $ | (179 | ) |  | (f)

(a) | Primarily included in mortgage banking income on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income.

(b) | Transfers into interest-only strips - AFS level 3 measured on a recurring basis reflect movements from loans held-for-sale (Level 2 nonrecurring).

(c) | Primarily included in fixed income on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income.

(d) | Transfers out of loans held-for-sale level 3 measured on a recurring basis generally reflect movements into OREO (level 3 nonrecurring).

(e) | Increase related to newly executed Visa-related derivatives, see Note 14- Derivatives for additional discussion.

(f) | Included in Other expense.

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements
From time to time, FHN may be required to measure certain other financial assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. These adjustments to fair value usually result from the application of lower of cost or market (“LOCOM”) accounting or write-downs of individual assets. For assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis which were still held on the balance sheet at September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, respectively, the following tables provide the level of valuation assumptions used to determine each adjustment and the related carrying value.
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Note 16 – Fair Value of Assets & Liabilities (Continued)

|  | Carrying value at September 30, 2018
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Loans held-for-sale—SBAs and USDA |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 618,142 |  |  | $ | 1,018 |  |  | $ | 619,160 |
Loans held-for-sale—first mortgages |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 542 |  |  | 542 |
Loans, net of unearned income (a) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26,995 |  |  | 26,995 |
OREO (b) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25,726 |  |  | 25,726 |
Other assets (c) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23,329 |  |  | 23,329 |

|  | Carrying value at December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Loans held-for-sale—SBAs and USDA |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 465,504 |  |  | $ | 1,473 |  |  | $ | 466,977 |
Loans held-for-sale—first mortgages |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 618 |  |  | 618 |
Loans, net of unearned income (a) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26,666 |  |  | 26,666 |
OREO (b) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 39,566 |  |  | 39,566 |
Other assets (c) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26,521 |  |  | 26,521 |

(a) | Represents carrying value of loans for which adjustments are required to be based on the appraised value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell.

(b) | Represents the fair value of foreclosed properties that were measured subsequent to their initial classification as OREO. Balance excludes OREO related to government insured mortgages.

(c) | Represents tax credit investments accounted for under the equity method.

For assets measured on a nonrecurring basis which were still held on the consolidated balance sheet at period end, the following table provides information about the fair value adjustments recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

|  | Net gains/(losses) Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Net gains/(losses) Nine months ended September 30
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Loans held-for-sale—SBAs and USDA |  | $ | (1,213 | ) |  | $ | (86 | ) |  | $ | (2,464 | ) |  | $ | (1,259 | )
Loans held-for-sale—first mortgages |  | 3 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 22 |
Loans, net of unearned income (a) |  | 363 |  |  | (2,388 | ) |  | 1,020 |  |  | (1,456 | )
OREO (b) |  | (776 | ) |  | (41 | ) |  | (2,198 | ) |  | (662 | )
Other assets (c) |  | (1,370 | ) |  | (762 | ) |  | (3,586 | ) |  | (2,646 | )
|  | $ | (2,993 | ) |  | $ | (3,271 | ) |  | $ | (7,221 | ) |  | $ | (6,001 | )

(a) | Write-downs on these loans are recognized as part of provision for loan losses.

(b) | Represents losses of foreclosed properties that were measured subsequent to their initial classification as OREO. Balance excludes OREO related to government insured mortgages.

(c) | Represents tax credit investments accounted for under the equity method.

In third and second quarters of 2018, FHN recognized $.7 million and $1.3 million, respectively, of impairments of long-lived assets in its corporate segment primarily related to optimization efforts for its facilities. In fourth quarter 2017, FHN recognized $3.0 million and $.8 million of impairments on long-lived assets in its Corporate and Regional Banking segments, respectively, associated with efforts to utilize its branch locations more efficiently, including integration with branches acquired from CBF. $1.0 million of the fourth quarter 2017 impairments in the corporate segment were reversed in third quarter 2018 based on the disposition price for the applicable location. The affected branch locations represented a mixture of owned and leased sites. The fair values of owned sites were determined using estimated sales prices from sales contract or appraisals less estimated costs to sell. The fair values of leased sites were determined using a discounted cash flow approach, based on the revised estimated useful lives of the related assets. Both measurement methodologies are considered Level 3 valuations.
In third quarter 2017, FHN’s Corporate segment recognized $2.0 million of impairments on long-lived technology assets associated with the transition to expanded processing capacity that will be required upon completion of the merger with CBF.
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Note 16 – Fair Value of Assets & Liabilities (Continued)
The fair values of the assets impaired were determined using a discounted cash flow approach which reflected short estimated remaining lives and considered estimated salvage values. The measurement methodologies are considered Level 3 valuations.
Level 3 Measurements
The following tables provide information regarding the unobservable inputs utilized in determining the fair value of level 3 recurring and non-recurring measurements as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

(Dollars in thousands)
Level 3 Class |  | Fair Value at September 30, 2018 |  | Valuation Techniques |  | Unobservable Input |  | Values Utilized
Available-for-sale- securities SBA-interest only strips |  | $ | 10,361 |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Constant prepayment rate |  | 11%
|  |  |  |  |  | Bond equivalent yield |  | 13%- 18%
Loans held-for-sale - residential real estate |  | 16,778 |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Prepayment speeds - First mortgage |  | 2% - 11%
|  |  |  |  |  | Prepayment speeds - HELOC |  | 5% - 12%
|  |  |  |  |  | Foreclosure losses |  | 50% - 70%
|  |  |  |  |  | Loss severity trends - First mortgage |  | 2% - 25% of UPB
|  |  |  |  |  | Loss severity trends - HELOC |  | 50% - 100% of UPB
Loans held-for-sale- unguaranteed interest in SBA loans |  | 1,018 |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Constant prepayment rate |  | 8% - 12%
|  |  |  |  |  | Bond equivalent yield |  | 9%
Derivative liabilities, other |  | 34,212 |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Visa covered litigation resolution amount |  | $5.2 billion - $5.8 billion
|  |  |  |  |  | Probability of resolution scenarios |  | 20% - 30%
|  |  |  |  |  | Time until resolution |  | 24- 48 months
Loans, net of unearned income (a) |  | 26,995 |  |  | Appraisals from comparable properties |  | Marketability adjustments for specific properties |  | 0% - 10% of appraisal
|  |  |  | Other collateral valuations |  | Borrowing base certificates adjustment |  | 20% - 50% of gross value
|  |  |  |  |  | Financial Statements/Auction values adjustment |  | 0% - 25% of reported value
OREO (b) |  | 25,726 |  |  | Appraisals from comparable properties |  | Adjustment for value changes since appraisal |  | 0% - 10% of appraisal
Other assets (c) |  | 23,329 |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Adjustments to current sales yields for specific properties |  | 0% - 15% adjustment to yield
|  |  |  | Appraisals from comparable properties |  | Marketability adjustments for specific properties |  | 0% - 25% of appraisal

(a) | Represents carrying value of loans for which adjustments are required to be based on the appraised value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell. Write-downs on these loans are recognized as part of provision for loan losses.

(b) | Represents the fair value of foreclosed properties that were measured subsequent to their initial classification as OREO. Balance excludes OREO related to government insured mortgages.

(c) | Represents tax credit investments accounted for under the equity method.

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Note 16 – Fair Value of Assets & Liabilities (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Level 3 Class |  | Fair Value at December 31, 2017 |  | Valuation Techniques |  | Unobservable Input |  | Values Utilized
Available-for-sale- securities SBA-interest only strips |  | $ | 1,270 |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Constant prepayment rate |  | 10% - 11%
|  |  |  |  |  | Bond equivalent yield |  | 17%
Loans held-for-sale - residential real estate |  | 19,544 |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Prepayment speeds - First mortgage |  | 2% - 12%
|  |  |  |  |  | Prepayment speeds - HELOC |  | 5% - 12%
|  |  |  |  |  | Foreclosure losses |  | 50% - 70%
|  |  |  |  |  | Loss severity trends - First mortgage |  | 5% - 30% of UPB
|  |  |  |  |  | Loss severity trends - HELOC |  | 15% - 100% of UPB
Loans held-for-sale- unguaranteed interest in SBA loans |  | 1,473 |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Constant prepayment rate |  | 8% - 12%
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Bond equivalent yield |  | 9% - 10%
Derivative liabilities, other |  | 5,645 |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Visa covered litigation resolution amount |  | $4.4 billion - $5.2 billion
|  |  |  |  |  | Probability of resolution scenarios |  | 10% - 30%
|  |  |  |  |  | Time until resolution |  | 18 - 48 months
Loans, net of unearned income (a) |  | 26,666 |  |  | Appraisals from comparable properties |  | Marketability adjustments for specific properties |  | 0% - 10% of appraisal
|  |  |  | Other collateral valuations |  | Borrowing base certificates adjustment |  | 20% - 50% of gross value
|  |  |  |  |  | Financial Statements/Auction values adjustment |  | 0% - 25% of reported value
OREO (b) |  | 39,566 |  |  | Appraisals from comparable properties |  | Adjustment for value changes since appraisal |  | 0% - 10% of appraisal
Other assets (c) |  | 26,521 |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Adjustments to current sales yields for specific properties |  | 0% - 15% adjustment to yield
|  |  |  | Appraisals from comparable properties |  | Marketability adjustments for specific properties |  | 0% - 25% of appraisal

(a) | Represents carrying value of loans for which adjustments are required to be based on the appraised value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell. Write-downs on these loans are recognized as part of provision for loan losses.

(b) | Represents the fair value of foreclosed properties that were measured subsequent to their initial classification as OREO. Balance excludes OREO related to government insured mortgages.

(c) | Represents tax credit investments accounted for under the equity method.

Securities AFS. Increases (decreases) in estimated prepayment rates and bond equivalent yields negatively (positively) affect the value of SBA interest only strips. Management additionally considers whether the loans underlying related SBA-interest only strips are delinquent, in default or prepaying, and adjusts the fair value down 20 - 100% depending on the length of time in default.
Loans held-for-sale. Foreclosure losses and prepayment rates are significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of FHN’s residential real estate loans held-for-sale. Loss severity trends are also assessed to evaluate the reasonableness of fair value estimates resulting from discounted cash flows methodologies as well as to estimate fair value for newly repurchased loans and loans that are near foreclosure. Significant increases (decreases) in any of these inputs in isolation would result in significantly lower (higher) fair value measurements. All observable and unobservable inputs are re-assessed quarterly. Fair value measurements are reviewed at least quarterly by FHN’s Corporate Accounting Department.
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Note 16 – Fair Value of Assets & Liabilities (Continued)
Increases (decreases) in estimated prepayment rates and bond equivalent yields negatively (positively) affect the value of unguaranteed interests in SBA loans. Unguaranteed interest in SBA loans held-for-sale are carried at less than the outstanding balance due to credit risk estimates. Credit risk adjustments may be reduced if prepayment is likely or as consistent payment history is realized. Management also considers other factors such as delinquency or default and adjusts the fair value accordingly.
Derivative liabilities. In conjunction with the sales of portions of its Visa Class B shares, FHN and the purchasers entered into derivative transactions whereby FHN will make, or receive, cash payments whenever the conversion ratio of the Visa Class B shares into Visa Class A shares is adjusted. FHN uses a discounted cash flow methodology in order to estimate the fair value of FHN’s derivative liabilities associated with its prior sales of Visa Class B shares. The methodology includes estimation of both the resolution amount for Visa’s Covered Litigation matters as well as the length of time until the resolution occurs. Significant increases (decreases) in either of these inputs in isolation would result in significantly higher (lower) fair value measurements for the derivative liabilities. Additionally, FHN performs a probability weighted multiple resolution scenario to calculate the estimated fair value of these derivative liabilities. Assignment of higher (lower) probabilities to the larger potential resolution scenarios would result in an increase (decrease) in the estimated fair value of the derivative liabilities. Since this estimation process requires application of judgment in developing significant unobservable inputs used to determine the possible outcomes and the probability weighting assigned to each scenario, these derivatives have been classified within Level 3 in fair value measurements disclosures. The valuation inputs and process are discussed with senior and executive management when significant events affecting the estimate of fair value occur. Inputs are compared to information obtained from the public issuances and filings of Visa, Inc. as well as public information released by other institutions that have similar derivatives.
Loans, net of unearned income and Other Real Estate Owned. Collateral-dependent loans and OREO are primarily valued using appraisals based on sales of comparable properties in the same or similar markets. Multiple appraisal firms are utilized to ensure that estimated values are consistent between firms. This process occurs within FHN’s Credit Risk Management (commercial) and Default Servicing functions (primarily consumer). The Credit Risk Management Committee reviews dispositions and additions of OREO annually. Back testing is performed during the year through comparison to ultimate disposition values. Other collateral (receivables, inventory, equipment, etc.) is valued through borrowing base certificates, financial statements and/or auction valuations. These valuations are discounted based on the quality of reporting, knowledge of the marketability/collectability of the collateral and historical disposition rates.
Other assets – tax credit investments. The estimated fair value of tax credit investments accounted for under the equity method is generally determined in relation to the yield (i.e., future tax credits to be received) an acquirer of these investments would expect in relation to the yields experienced on current new issue and/or secondary market transactions. Thus, as tax credits are recognized, the future yield to a market participant is reduced, resulting in consistent impairment of the individual investments. Individual investments are reviewed for impairment quarterly, which may include the consideration of additional marketability discounts related to specific investments which typically includes consideration of the underlying property’s appraised value. Unusual valuation adjustments and the associated triggering events are discussed with senior and executive management when appropriate. A portfolio review is conducted annually, with the assistance of a third party, to assess the reasonableness of current valuations.
Fair Value Option
FHN has elected the fair value option on a prospective basis for almost all types of mortgage loans originated for sale purposes under the Financial Instruments Topic (“ASC 825”) except for mortgage origination operations which utilize the platform acquired from CBF. FHN determined that the election reduces certain timing differences and better matches changes in the value of such loans with changes in the value of derivatives and forward delivery commitments used as economic hedges for these assets at the time of election.
Repurchased loans are recognized within loans held-for-sale at fair value at the time of repurchase, which includes consideration of the credit status of the loans and the estimated liquidation value. FHN has elected to continue recognition of these loans at fair value in periods subsequent to reacquisition. Due to the credit-distressed nature of the vast majority of repurchased loans and the related loss severities experienced upon repurchase, FHN believes that the fair value election provides a more timely recognition of changes in value for these loans that occur subsequent to repurchase. Absent the fair value election, these loans would be subject to valuation at the LOCOM value, which would prevent subsequent values from exceeding the initial fair value, determined at the time of repurchase, but would require recognition of subsequent declines in value. Thus, the fair value election provides for a more timely recognition of any potential future recoveries in asset values while not affecting the requirement to recognize subsequent declines in value.
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Note 16 – Fair Value of Assets & Liabilities (Continued)
The following tables reflect the differences between the fair value carrying amount of residential real estate loans held-for-sale measured at fair value in accordance with management’s election and the aggregate unpaid principal amount FHN is contractually entitled to receive at maturity.

|  | September 30, 2018
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Fair value carrying amount |  | Aggregate unpaid principal |  | Fair value carrying amount less aggregate unpaid principal
Residential real estate loans held-for-sale reported at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |
Total loans |  | $ | 16,418 |  |  | $ | 23,897 |  |  | $ | (7,479 | )
Nonaccrual loans |  | 4,483 |  |  | 8,360 |  |  | (3,877 | )
Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
|  | December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Fair value carrying amount |  | Aggregate unpaid principal |  | Fair value carrying amount less aggregate unpaid principal
Residential real estate loans held-for-sale reported at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |
Total loans |  | $ | 20,881 |  |  | $ | 29,755 |  |  | $ | (8,874 | )
Nonaccrual loans |  | 5,783 |  |  | 10,881 |  |  | (5,098 | )
Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |

Assets and liabilities accounted for under the fair value election are initially measured at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recognized in earnings. Such changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities for which FHN elected the fair value option are included in current period earnings with classification in the income statement line item reflected in the following table:

| Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Nine months ended September 30
(Dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Changes in fair value included in net income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage banking noninterest income |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans held-for-sale | $ | 277 |  |  | $ | 390 |  |  | $ | 986 |  |  | $ | 1,722 |

For the three months ended September 30, 2018, residential real estate loans held-for-sale included an insignificant amount of gains in pretax earnings that are attributable to change in instruments-specific credit risk. For the three months ended September 30, 2017, the amount for residential real estate loans held-for-sale included gains of $.1 million, in pretax earnings that are attributable to changes in instruments-specific credit risk. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and 2017, the amounts for the real estate loans held-for-sale included gains of $.3 million and $.5 million, respectively, in pretax earnings that are attributable to changes in instruments-specific credit risk. The portion of the fair value adjustments related to credit risk was determined based on estimated default rates and estimated loss severities. Interest income on residential real estate loans held-for-sale measured at fair value is calculated based on the note rate of the loan and is recorded in the interest income section of the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income as interest on loans held-for-sale.
FHN has elected to account for retained interest-only strips from guaranteed SBA loans recorded in available-for-sale securities at fair value through earnings. Since these securities are subject to the risk that prepayments may result in FHN not recovering all or a portion of its recorded investment, the fair value election results in a more timely recognition of the effects of estimated prepayments through earnings rather than being recognized through other comprehensive income with periodic review for other-than-temporary impairment. Gains or losses are recognized through fixed income revenues and are presented in the recurring measurements table.
Determination of Fair Value
In accordance with ASC 820-10-35, fair values are based on the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The following describes the assumptions and methodologies used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments recorded at fair value in the
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Note 16 – Fair Value of Assets & Liabilities (Continued)
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition and for estimating the fair value of financial instruments for which fair value is disclosed.
Short-term financial assets. Federal funds sold, securities purchased under agreements to resell, and interest bearing deposits with other financial institutions and the Federal Reserve are carried at historical cost. The carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value because of the relatively short time between the origination of the instrument and its expected realization.
Trading securities and trading liabilities. Trading securities and trading liabilities are recognized at fair value through current earnings. Trading inventory held for broker-dealer operations is included in trading securities and trading liabilities. Broker-dealer long positions are valued at bid price in the bid-ask spread. Short positions are valued at the ask price. Inventory positions are valued using observable inputs including current market transactions, LIBOR and U.S. treasury curves, credit spreads, and consensus prepayment speeds. Trading loans are valued using observable inputs including current market transactions, swap rates, mortgage rates, and consensus prepayment speeds.
Trading securities also include retained interests in prior mortgage securitizations that qualify as financial assets, which include primarily principal-only strips. FHN uses inputs including yield curves, credit spreads, and prepayment speeds to determine the fair value of principal-only strips.
Securities available-for-sale. Securities available-for-sale includes the investment portfolio accounted for as available-for-sale under ASC 320-10-25. Valuations of available-for-sale securities are performed using observable inputs obtained from market transactions in similar securities. Typical inputs include LIBOR and U.S. treasury curves, consensus prepayment estimates, and credit spreads. When available, broker quotes are used to support these valuations.
Interest only strips are valued at elected fair value based on an income approach using an internal valuation model. The internal valuation model includes assumptions regarding projections of future cash flows, prepayment rates, default rates and interest only strip terms. These securities bear the risk of loan prepayment or default that may result in the Company not recovering all or a portion of its recorded investment. When appropriate, valuations are adjusted for various factors including default or prepayment status of the underlying SBA loans. Because of the inherent uncertainty of valuation, those estimated values may be higher or lower than the values that would have been used had a ready market for the securities existed, and may change in the near term.
Loans held-for-sale. Residential real estate loans held-for-sale are valued using current transaction prices and/or values on similar assets when available, including committed bids for specific loans or loan portfolios. Uncommitted bids may be adjusted based on other available market information. For all other loans FHN determines the fair value of residential real estate loans held-for-sale using a discounted cash flow model which incorporates both observable and unobservable inputs. Inputs include current mortgage rates for similar products, estimated prepayment rates, foreclosure losses, and various loan performance measures (delinquency, LTV, credit score). Adjustments for delinquency and other differences in loan characteristics are typically reflected in the model’s discount rates. Loss severity trends and the value of underlying collateral are also considered in assessing the appropriate fair value for severely delinquent loans and loans in foreclosure. The valuation of HELOCs also incorporates estimated cancellation rates for loans expected to become delinquent.
Non-mortgage consumer loans held-for-sale are valued using current market pricing for similar assets with adjustments for differences in credit standing (delinquency, historical default rates for similar loans), yield, collateral values and prepayment rates. If pricing for similar assets is not available, a discounted cash flow methodology is utilized, which incorporates all of these factors into an estimate of investor required yield for the discount rate.
The Company utilizes quoted market prices of similar instruments or broker and dealer quotations to value the SBA and USDA guaranteed loans. The Company values SBA-unguaranteed interests in loans held-for-sale based on individual loan characteristics, such as industry type and pay history which generally follows an income approach. Furthermore, these valuations are adjusted for changes in prepayment estimates and are reduced due to restrictions on trading. The fair value of other non-residential real estate loans held-for-sale is approximated by their carrying values based on current transaction values.
Collateral-Dependent loans. For loans measured using the estimated fair value of collateral less costs to sell, fair value is estimated using appraisals of the collateral. Collateral values are monitored and additional write-downs are recognized if it is determined that the estimated collateral values have declined further. Estimated costs to sell are based on current amounts of disposal costs for similar assets. Carrying value is considered to reflect fair value for these loans.
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Note 16 – Fair Value of Assets & Liabilities (Continued)
Derivative assets and liabilities. The fair value for forwards and futures contracts is based on current transactions involving identical securities. Futures contracts are exchange-traded and thus have no credit risk factor assigned as the risk of non-performance is limited to the clearinghouse used.
Valuations of other derivatives (primarily interest rate related swaps) are based on inputs observed in active markets for similar instruments. Typical inputs include the LIBOR curve, Overnight Indexed Swap (“OIS”) curve, option volatility, and option skew. In measuring the fair value of these derivative assets and liabilities, FHN has elected to consider credit risk based on the net exposure to individual counterparties. Credit risk is mitigated for these instruments through the use of mutual margining and master netting agreements as well as collateral posting requirements. For derivative contracts with daily cash margin requirements that are considered settlements, the daily margin amount is netted within derivative assets or liabilities. Any remaining credit risk related to interest rate derivatives is considered in determining fair value through evaluation of additional factors such as customer loan grades and debt ratings. Foreign currency related derivatives also utilize observable exchange rates in the determination of fair value. The determination of fair value for FHN’s derivative liabilities associated with its prior sales of Visa Class B shares are classified within Level 3 in the fair value measurements disclosure as previously discussed in the unobservable inputs discussion.
OREO. OREO primarily consists of properties that have been acquired in satisfaction of debt. These properties are carried at the lower of the outstanding loan amount or estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell the real estate. Estimated fair value is determined using appraised values with subsequent adjustments for deterioration in values that are not reflected in the most recent appraisal.
Nonearning assets. For disclosure purposes, for periods prior to 2018, nonearning financial assets include cash and due from banks, accrued interest receivable, and fixed income receivables. Due to the short-term nature of cash and due from banks, accrued interest receivable, and fixed income receivables, the fair value is approximated by the book value.
Other assets. For disclosure purposes, other assets consist of tax credit investments, FRB and FHLB Stock, deferred compensation mutual funds and equity investments (including other mutual funds) with readily determinable fair values. Tax credit investments accounted for under the equity method are written down to estimated fair value quarterly based on the estimated value of the associated tax credits which incorporates estimates of required yield for hypothetical investors. The fair value of all other tax credit investments is estimated using recent transaction information with adjustments for differences in individual investments. Deferred compensation mutual funds are recognized at fair value, which is based on quoted prices in active markets.
Investments in the stock of the Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Banks are recognized at historical cost in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition which is considered to approximate fair value. Investments in mutual funds are measured at the funds’ reported closing net asset values. Investments in equity securities are valued using quoted market prices when available.
Defined maturity deposits. The fair value of these deposits is estimated by discounting future cash flows to their present value. Future cash flows are discounted by using the current market rates of similar instruments applicable to the remaining maturity. For disclosure purposes, defined maturity deposits include all time deposits.
Undefined maturity deposits. For periods prior to 2018, in accordance with ASC 825, the fair value of these deposits is approximated by the book value. For the purpose of this disclosure, undefined maturity deposits include demand deposits, checking interest accounts, savings accounts, and money market accounts.
Short-term financial liabilities. The fair value of federal funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other short-term borrowings are approximated by the book value. The carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value because of the relatively short time between the origination of the instrument and its expected realization.
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities. For disclosure purposes, for periods prior to 2018, other noninterest-bearing financial liabilities include accrued interest payable and fixed income payables. Due to the short-term nature of these liabilities, the book value is considered to approximate fair value.
Loan commitments. Fair values of these commitments are based on fees charged to enter into similar agreements taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing.
Other commitments. Fair values of these commitments are based on fees charged to enter into similar agreements.
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Note 16 – Fair Value of Assets & Liabilities (Continued)
The following fair value estimates are determined as of a specific point in time utilizing various assumptions and estimates. The use of assumptions and various valuation techniques, as well as the absence of secondary markets for certain financial instruments, reduces the comparability of fair value disclosures between financial institutions. Due to market illiquidity, the fair values for loans, net of unearned income, loans held-for-sale, and term borrowings as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, involve the use of significant internally-developed pricing assumptions for certain components of these line items. The assumptions and valuations utilized for this disclosure are considered to reflect inputs that market participants would use in transactions involving these instruments as of the measurement date. The valuations of legacy assets, particularly consumer loans within the Non-Strategic segment and TRUPs loans, are influenced by changes in economic conditions since origination and risk perceptions of the financial sector. These considerations affect the estimate of a potential acquirer’s cost of capital and cash flow volatility assumptions from these assets and the resulting fair value measurements may depart significantly from FHN’s internal estimates of the intrinsic value of these assets.
Assets and liabilities that are not financial instruments have not been included in the following table such as the value of long-term relationships with deposit and trust customers, premises and equipment, goodwill and other intangibles, deferred taxes, and certain other assets and other liabilities. Additionally, these measurements are solely for financial instruments as of the measurement date and do not consider the earnings potential of our various business lines. Accordingly, the total of the fair value amounts does not represent, and should not be construed to represent, the underlying value of FHN.
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Note 16 – Fair Value of Assets & Liabilities (Continued)
The following table summarizes the book value and estimated fair value of financial instruments recorded in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition as of September 30, 2018:

|  | September 30, 2018
|  | Book Value |  | Fair Value
(Dollars in thousands) |  |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans, net of unearned income and allowance for loan losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial and industrial |  | $ | 15,943,831 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,941,049 |  |  | $ | 15,941,049 |
Commercial real estate |  | 4,203,121 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,198,110 |  |  | 4,198,110 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consumer real estate |  | 6,164,646 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,114,607 |  |  | 6,114,607 |
Permanent mortgage |  | 333,574 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 338,736 |  |  | 338,736 |
Credit card & other |  | 519,083 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 520,074 |  |  | 520,074 |
Total loans, net of unearned income and allowance for loan losses |  | 27,164,255 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,112,576 |  |  | 27,112,576 |
Short-term financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing cash |  | 531,681 |  |  | 531,681 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 531,681 |
Federal funds sold |  | 113,722 |  |  | — |  |  | 113,722 |  |  | — |  |  | 113,722 |
Securities purchased under agreements to resell |  | 687,437 |  |  | — |  |  | 687,437 |  |  | — |  |  | 687,437 |
Total short-term financial assets |  | 1,332,840 |  |  | 531,681 |  |  | 801,159 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,332,840 |
Trading securities (a) |  | 1,930,991 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,929,399 |  |  | 1,592 |  |  | 1,930,991 |
Loans held-for-sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loans (elected fair value) (a) |  | 16,418 |  |  | — |  |  | 182 |  |  | 16,236 |  |  | 16,418 |
USDA & SBA loans- LOCOM |  | 619,160 |  |  | — |  |  | 623,863 |  |  | 1,023 |  |  | 624,886 |
Other consumer loans- LOCOM |  | 28,843 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,704 |  |  | 22,139 |  |  | 28,843 |
Mortgage loans- LOCOM |  | 61,230 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 61,230 |  |  | 61,230 |
Total loans held-for-sale |  | 725,651 |  |  | — |  |  | 630,749 |  |  | 100,628 |  |  | 731,377 |
Securities available-for-sale (a) |  | 4,608,383 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,598,022 |  |  | 10,361 |  |  | 4,608,383 |
Securities held-to-maturity |  | 10,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,756 |  |  | 9,756 |
Derivative assets (a) |  | 54,476 |  |  | 20,013 |  |  | 34,463 |  |  | — |  |  | 54,476 |
Other assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax credit investments |  | 139,983 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 136,984 |  |  | 136,984 |
Deferred compensation mutual funds |  | 40,912 |  |  | 40,912 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 40,912 |
Equity, mutual funds, and other (b) |  | 240,667 |  |  | 22,141 |  |  | — |  |  | 218,526 |  |  | 240,667 |
Total other assets |  | 421,562 |  |  | 63,053 |  |  | — |  |  | 355,510 |  |  | 418,563 |
Total assets |  | $ | 36,248,158 |  |  | $ | 614,747 |  |  | $ | 7,993,792 |  |  | $ | 27,590,423 |  |  | $ | 36,198,962 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Defined maturity deposits |  | $ | 4,056,184 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,024,544 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,024,544 |
Trading liabilities (a) |  | 739,694 |  |  | — |  |  | 739,694 |  |  | — |  |  | 739,694 |
Short-term financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal funds purchased |  | 437,474 |  |  | — |  |  | 437,474 |  |  | — |  |  | 437,474 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase |  | 678,510 |  |  | — |  |  | 678,510 |  |  | — |  |  | 678,510 |
Other short-term borrowings |  | 1,069,912 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,069,912 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,069,912 |
Total short-term financial liabilities |  | 2,185,896 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,185,896 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,185,896 |
Term borrowings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate investment trust-preferred |  | 46,151 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 47,470 |  |  | 47,470 |
Term borrowings—new market tax credit investment |  | 18,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17,915 |  |  | 17,915 |
Secured borrowings |  | 16,621 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16,499 |  |  | 16,499 |
Junior subordinated debentures |  | 177,974 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 177,974 |  |  | 177,974 |
Other long term borrowings |  | 941,388 |  |  | — |  |  | 957,647 |  |  | — |  |  | 957,647 |
Total term borrowings |  | 1,200,134 |  |  | — |  |  | 957,647 |  |  | 259,858 |  |  | 1,217,505 |
Derivative liabilities (a) |  | 170,324 |  |  | 18,770 |  |  | 117,342 |  |  | 34,212 |  |  | 170,324 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 8,352,232 |  |  | $ | 18,770 |  |  | $ | 8,025,123 |  |  | $ | 294,070 |  |  | $ | 8,337,963 |

(a) | Classes are detailed in the recurring and nonrecurring measurement tables.

(b) | Level 1 primarily consists of mutual funds with readily determinable fair values. Level 3 includes restricted investments in FHLB-Cincinnati stock of $87.9 million and FRB stock of $130.7 million.

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Note 16 – Fair Value of Assets & Liabilities (Continued)
The following table summarizes the book value and estimated fair value of financial instruments recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Condition as of December 31, 2017:

|  | December 31, 2017
|  | Book Value |  | Fair Value
(Dollars in thousands) |  |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans, net of unearned income and allowance for loan losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial and industrial |  | $ | 15,959,062 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,990,991 |  |  | $ | 15,990,991 |
Commercial real estate |  | 4,186,268 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,215,367 |  |  | 4,215,367 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consumer real estate |  | 6,330,384 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,320,308 |  |  | 6,320,308 |
Permanent mortgage |  | 383,742 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 388,396 |  |  | 388,396 |
Credit card & other |  | 609,918 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 607,955 |  |  | 607,955 |
Total loans, net of unearned income and allowance for loan losses |  | 27,469,374 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,523,017 |  |  | 27,523,017 |
Short-term financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing cash |  | 1,185,600 |  |  | 1,185,600 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,185,600 |
Federal funds sold |  | 87,364 |  |  | — |  |  | 87,364 |  |  | — |  |  | 87,364 |
Securities purchased under agreements to resell |  | 725,609 |  |  | — |  |  | 725,609 |  |  | — |  |  | 725,609 |
Total short-term financial assets |  | 1,998,573 |  |  | 1,185,600 |  |  | 812,973 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,998,573 |
Trading securities (a) |  | 1,416,345 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,414,194 |  |  | 2,151 |  |  | 1,416,345 |
Loans held-for-sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage loans |  | 88,173 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,902 |  |  | 81,271 |  |  | 88,173 |
USDA & SBA loans |  | 466,977 |  |  | — |  |  | 467,227 |  |  | 1,510 |  |  | 468,737 |
Other consumer loans |  | 144,227 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,965 |  |  | 134,262 |  |  | 144,227 |
Securities available-for-sale (a) (b) |  | 5,170,255 |  |  | 27,017 |  |  | 4,903,115 |  |  | 240,123 |  |  | 5,170,255 |
Securities held-to-maturity |  | 10,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,901 |  |  | 9,901 |
Derivative assets (a) |  | 81,634 |  |  | 10,161 |  |  | 71,473 |  |  | — |  |  | 81,634 |
Other assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax credit investments |  | 119,317 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 112,292 |  |  | 112,292 |
Deferred compensation assets |  | 39,822 |  |  | 39,822 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 39,822 |
Total other assets |  | 159,139 |  |  | 39,822 |  |  | — |  |  | 112,292 |  |  | 152,114 |
Nonearning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash & due from banks |  | 639,073 |  |  | 639,073 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 639,073 |
Fixed income receivables |  | 68,693 |  |  | — |  |  | 68,693 |  |  | — |  |  | 68,693 |
Accrued interest receivable |  | 97,239 |  |  | — |  |  | 97,239 |  |  | — |  |  | 97,239 |
Total nonearning assets |  | 805,005 |  |  | 639,073 |  |  | 165,932 |  |  | — |  |  | 805,005 |
Total assets |  | $ | 37,809,702 |  |  | $ | 1,901,673 |  |  | $ | 7,851,781 |  |  | $ | 28,104,527 |  |  | $ | 37,857,981 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Defined maturity |  | $ | 3,322,921 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,293,650 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,293,650 |
Undefined maturity |  | 27,297,441 |  |  | — |  |  | 27,297,431 |  |  | — |  |  | 27,297,431 |
Total deposits |  | 30,620,362 |  |  | — |  |  | 30,591,081 |  |  | — |  |  | 30,591,081 |
Trading liabilities (a) |  | 638,515 |  |  | — |  |  | 638,515 |  |  | — |  |  | 638,515 |
Short-term financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal funds purchased |  | 399,820 |  |  | — |  |  | 399,820 |  |  | — |  |  | 399,820 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase |  | 656,602 |  |  | — |  |  | 656,602 |  |  | — |  |  | 656,602 |
Other short-term borrowings |  | 2,626,213 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,626,213 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,626,213 |
Total short-term financial liabilities |  | 3,682,635 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,682,635 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,682,635 |
Term borrowings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate investment trust-preferred |  | 46,100 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 48,880 |  |  | 48,880 |
Term borrowings—new market tax credit investment |  | 18,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17,930 |  |  | 17,930 |
Secured borrowings |  | 18,642 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,305 |  |  | 18,305 |
Junior subordinated debentures |  | 187,281 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 187,281 |  |  | 187,281 |
Other long term borrowings |  | 948,074 |  |  | — |  |  | 966,292 |  |  | — |  |  | 966,292 |
Total term borrowings |  | 1,218,097 |  |  | — |  |  | 966,292 |  |  | 272,396 |  |  | 1,238,688 |
Derivative liabilities (a) |  | 85,061 |  |  | 9,535 |  |  | 69,881 |  |  | 5,645 |  |  | 85,061 |
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income payables |  | 48,996 |  |  | — |  |  | 48,996 |  |  | — |  |  | 48,996 |
Accrued interest payable |  | 16,270 |  |  | — |  |  | 16,270 |  |  | — |  |  | 16,270 |
Total other noninterest-bearing liabilities |  | 65,266 |  |  | — |  |  | 65,266 |  |  | — |  |  | 65,266 |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 36,309,936 |  |  | $ | 9,535 |  |  | $ | 36,013,670 |  |  | $ | 278,041 |  |  | $ | 36,301,246 |

(a) | Classes are detailed in the recurring and nonrecurring measurement tables.

(b) | Level 3 includes restricted investments in FHLB-Cincinnati stock of $87.9 million and FRB stock of $134.6 million.

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Table of Contents
Note 16 – Fair Value of Assets & Liabilities (Continued)
The following table presents the contractual amount and fair value of unfunded loan commitments and standby and other commitments as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

|  | Contractual Amount |  | Fair Value
(Dollars in thousands) |  | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Unfunded Commitments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loan commitments |  | $ | 10,829,303 |  |  | $ | 10,678,485 |  |  | $ | 2,871 |  |  | $ | 2,617 |
Standby and other commitments |  | 450,745 |  |  | 420,728 |  |  | 4,981 |  |  | 5,274 |

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Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

General Information | 82
Forward-Looking Statements | 83
Financial Summary | 84
Statement of Condition Review | 96
Capital | 99
Asset Quality | 102
Risk Management | 120
Repurchase Obligations, Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, and Other Contractual Obligations | 125
Market Uncertainties and Prospective Trends | 128
Critical Accounting Policies | 129
Non-GAAP Information | 130

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FIRST HORIZON NATIONAL CORPORATION
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
GENERAL INFORMATION
First Horizon National Corporation (“FHN”) began as a community bank chartered in 1864 and as of September 30, 2018, was one of the 30 largest publicly traded banking organizations in the United States in terms of asset size.
FHN is the parent company of First Tennessee Bank National Association ("FTBNA"). FTBNA's principal divisions and subsidiaries operate under the brands of First Tennessee Bank, Capital Bank, FTB Advisors, and FTN Financial. FHN offers regional banking, wealth management and capital market services through the First Horizon family of companies. First Tennessee Bank, Capital Bank, and FTB Advisors provide consumer and commercial banking and wealth management services. FTN Financial ("FTNF"), which operates partly through a division of FTBNA and partly through subsidiaries, is an industry leader in fixed income sales, trading, and strategies for institutional clients in the U.S. and abroad. FTBNA has approximately 300 banking offices in eight southeastern U.S. states, and FTNF has 28 offices in 18 states across the U.S.
FHN is composed of the following operating segments:

• | Regional banking segment offers financial products and services, including traditional lending and deposit taking, to consumer and commercial customers in Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida and other selected markets. Regional banking also provides investments, wealth management, financial planning, trust services and asset management, credit card, and cash management. Additionally, the regional banking segment includes correspondent banking which provides credit, depository, and other banking related services to other financial institutions nationally.

• | Fixed income segment consists of fixed income securities sales, trading, underwriting, and strategies for institutional clients in the U.S. and abroad, as well as loan sales, portfolio advisory services, and derivative sales.

• | Corporate segment consists of unallocated corporate expenses, expense on subordinated debt issuances, bank-owned life insurance, unallocated interest income associated with excess equity, net impact of raising incremental capital, revenue and expense associated with deferred compensation plans, funds management, tax credit investment activities, derivative valuation adjustments related to prior sales of Visa Class B shares, and acquisition and integration-related costs.

• | Non-strategic segment consists of run-off consumer lending activities, legacy (pre-2009) mortgage banking elements, and the associated ancillary revenues and expenses related to these businesses. Non-strategic also includes the wind-down trust preferred loan portfolio and exited businesses.

On November 30, 2017, FHN completed its merger with Capital Bank Financial Corporation ("CBF") for an aggregate of 92,042,232 shares of FHN common stock and $423.6 million in cash in a transaction valued at $2.2 billion. I n second quarter 2018, FHN canceled 2,373,220 FHN common shares which had been issued but set aside for certain CBF shareholders who have commenced a dissenter appraisal process. That process is discussed more fully in this MD&A at "Capital--Cancellation of Dissenters' Shares."
On March 23, 2018, FHN divested two branches, including approximately $30 million of deposits and $2 million of loans, to Apex Bank, a Tennessee banking corporation. The branches, both in Greeneville, Tennessee, were divested in connection with First Horizon's agreement with the U.S. Department of Justice and commitments to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, which were entered into in connection with a customary review of FHN's merger with CBF.
In second quarter 2018, FHN sold approximately $120 million UPB of its subprime auto loans. These loans, originally acquired as part of the CBF acquisition, did not fit within FHN's risk profile.
On October 2, 2017, FTBNA acquired the operations and certain assets of Professional Mortgage Company, Inc. ("PMC"). PMC was a provider of institutional debt capital and commercial mortgage loan servicing. Eleven professionals joined FTBNA's commercial real estate ("CRE") team as a result of the transaction, expanding the capabilities of its CRE platform.
On April 3, 2017, FTNF acquired substantially all of the assets and assumed substantially all of the liabilities of Coastal Securities, Inc. (“Coastal”), a national leader in the trading, securitization, and analysis of Small Business Administration (“SBA”) loans, for approximately $131 million in cash. Coastal, which was based in Houston, TX, also traded United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”) loans and fixed income products and provided municipal underwriting and advisory
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services to its clients. Coastal’s government-guaranteed loan products were combined with FTNF's existing SBA trading activities to establish an additional major product sector for FTNF.
In relation to all acquisitions, FHN's operating results include the operating results of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities subsequent to the acquisition date. Refer to Note 2 – Acquisitions and Divestitures in this report and in Exhibit 13 to FHN’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 for additional information.
For the purpose of this management’s discussion and analysis (“MD&A”), earning assets have been expressed as averages, unless otherwise noted, and loans have been disclosed net of unearned income. The following financial discussion should be read with the accompanying unaudited Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements and Notes in this report. Additional information including the 2017 financial statements, notes, and MD&A is provided in Exhibit 13 to FHN’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
ADOPTION OF ACCOUNTING UPDATES
Effective January 1, 2018, FHN retroactively adopted the provisions of ASU 2017-07, "Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost," which resulted in the reclassification of $.4 million and $1.7 million of non-service components of net periodic pension and post-retirement costs from Employee compensation, incentives, and benefits to Other expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. All prior periods and associated narrative have been revised to reflect this change. See Note 1 – Financial Information for additional information.
Non-GAAP Measures
Certain measures are included in the narrative and tables in this MD&A that are “non-GAAP”, meaning (under U.S. financial reporting rules) they are not presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the U.S. and also are not codified in U.S. banking regulations currently applicable to FHN. Although other entities may use calculation methods that differ from those used by FHN for non-GAAP measures, FHN’s management believes such measures are relevant to understanding the capital position or financial results of FHN. Non-GAAP measures are reported to FHN’s management and Board of Directors through various internal reports.
Presentation of regulatory measures, even those which are not GAAP, provide a meaningful base for comparability to other financial institutions subject to the same regulations as FHN, as demonstrated by their use by banking regulators in reviewing capital adequacy of financial institutions. Although not GAAP terms, these regulatory measures are not considered “non-GAAP” under U.S. financial reporting rules as long as their presentation conforms to regulatory standards. Regulatory measures used in this MD&A include: common equity tier 1 capital, generally defined as common equity less goodwill, other intangibles, and certain other required regulatory deductions; tier 1 capital, generally defined as the sum of core capital (including common equity and instruments that cannot be redeemed at the option of the holder) adjusted for certain items under risk based capital regulations; and risk-weighted assets (“RWA”), which is a measure of total on- and off-balance sheet assets adjusted for credit and market risk, used to determine regulatory capital ratios.
The non-GAAP measure presented in this filing is return on average tangible common equity (“ROTCE”). Refer to table 24 for a reconciliation of the non-GAAP to GAAP measure and presentation of the most comparable GAAP item.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This MD&A contains forward-looking statements with respect to FHN’s beliefs, plans, goals, expectations, and estimates. Forward-looking statements are statements that are not a representation of historical information but instead pertain to future operations, strategies, financial results, or other developments. The words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “should,” “is likely,” “will,” “going forward,” and other expressions that indicate future events and trends identify forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements are necessarily based upon estimates and assumptions that are inherently subject to significant business, operational, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond FHN’s control, and many of which, with respect to future business decisions and actions (including acquisitions and divestitures), are subject to change. Examples of uncertainties and contingencies include, among other important factors: global, general and local economic and business conditions, including economic recession or depression; the stability or volatility of values and activity in the residential housing and commercial real estate markets; potential requirements for FHN to repurchase, or compensate for losses from, previously sold or securitized mortgages or securities based on such mortgages; potential claims alleging mortgage
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servicing failures, individually, on a class basis, or as master servicer of securitized loans; potential claims relating to participation in government programs, especially lending or other financial services programs; expectations of and actual timing and amount of interest rate movements, including the slope and shape of the yield curve, which can have a significant impact on a financial services institution; market and monetary fluctuations, including fluctuations in mortgage markets; inflation or deflation; customer, investor, competitor, regulatory, and legislative responses to any or all of these conditions; the financial condition of borrowers and other counterparties; competition within and outside the financial services industry; geopolitical developments including possible terrorist activity; natural disasters; effectiveness and cost-efficiency of FHN’s hedging practices; technological changes; fraud, theft, or other incursions through conventional, electronic, or other means directly or indirectly affecting FHN or its customers, business counterparties or competitors; demand for FHN’s product offerings; new products and services in the industries in which FHN operates; the increasing use of new technologies to interact with customers and others; and critical accounting estimates. Other factors are those inherent in originating, selling, servicing, and holding loans and loan-based assets, including prepayment risks, pricing concessions, fluctuation in U.S. housing and other real estate prices, fluctuation of collateral values, and changes in customer profiles. Additionally, the actions of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”), the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“Federal Reserve” or “Fed”), the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), the U.S. Department of the Treasury (“U.S. Treasury”), the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board (“MSRB”), the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”), the Financial Stability Oversight Council (“Council”), the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”), and other regulators and agencies; pending, threatened, or possible future regulatory, administrative, and judicial outcomes, actions, and proceedings; current or future Executive orders; changes in laws and regulations applicable to FHN; and FHN’s success in executing its business plans and strategies and managing the risks involved in the foregoing, could cause actual results to differ, perhaps materially, from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements.
FHN assumes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements that are made in this Quarterly Report of which this MD&A is a part or otherwise from time to time. Actual results could differ and expectations could change, possibly materially, because of one or more factors, including those presented in this Forward-Looking Statements section, in other sections of this MD&A, in other parts of and exhibits to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2018, and in documents incorporated into this Quarterly Report.
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
In third quarter 2018, FHN reported net income available to common shareholders of $270.3 million, or $.83 per diluted share, compared to net income available to common of $67.3 million, or $.28 per diluted share in third quarter 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, FHN reported net income available to common shareholders of $442.5 million, or $1.35 per diluted share, compared to net income available to common of $212.2 million, or $.90 per diluted share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in net income available to common shareholders for the quarter and year-to-date periods was primarily due to an increase in revenue which more than offset higher expenses. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 include activity associated with the CBF acquisition which closed late in fourth quarter 2017 and significantly impacted FHN's operating results and balance sheet trends for both the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2018.
Total revenue increased $332.4 million and $573.1 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 to $654.7 million and $1.5 billion. In third quarter 2018, FHN sold its remaining holdings of Visa Class B shares resulting in a $212.9 million pre-tax gain. Additionally, an increase in NII favorably impacted the quarter and year-to-date periods of 2018.
NII increased 46 percent and 53 percent from $209.8 million and $600.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 to $305.7 million and $917.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. This increase was largely driven by loans and deposits added through the CBF acquisition, as well as the positive impact of higher short-term interest rates on loans. Noninterest income increased $236.6 million and $255.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 primarily due to the sale of FHN's remaining holdings of Visa Class B shares previously mentioned. To a lesser extent, an increase in fees from deposit transactions and cash management activities and higher fee income related to brokerage, management fees, and commissions also contributed to the increase in noninterest for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-01, "Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities" on January 1, 2018 also favorably impacted noninterest income in both periods of 2018, as dividend income previously recognized within net interest income is now recognized as noninterest income. Additionally, in third quarter 2017, noninterest income was negatively impacted by a $14.3 million loss from the repurchase of equity securities previously included in a financing transaction, which also contributed to the year-over-year increase in noninterest income for
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both the quarter and year-to-date periods of 2018. These increases were somewhat offset by lower fixed income revenue in 2018 relative to 2017.
Noninterest expense increased 24 percent and 39 percent, respectively, to $294.0 million and $940.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. Expenses increased for both periods of 2018 largely driven by higher acquisition- and integration-related expenses primarily associated with the CBF acquisition, higher personnel-related expenses, and increases in several other expense categories due to the inclusion of Capital Bank in the quarter and year-to-date periods of 2018. Additionally, for the year-to-date period of 2017, expenses were favorably impacted by a $22.6 million pre-tax reversal of mortgage repurchase and foreclosure provision primarily as a result of the settlement of certain repurchase claims, which also contributed to the year-over-year increase in expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
On a consolidated basis, credit quality remained strong in 2018, with net charge-offs remaining at historical lows and the allowance for loan losses decreasing relative to the comparative periods of the prior year. The provision for loan losses was $2.0 million in third quarter 2018 and $0 in 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the provision for loan losses was $1.0 million compared to a $3.0 million provision credit for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
Return on average common equity (“ROE”) and ROTCE were 25.41 percent and 40.51 percent, respectively, in third quarter 2018 compared to 10.79 percent and 12.17 percent, respectively in third quarter 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, ROE and ROTCE were 14.13 percent and 22.60 percent, respectively, compared to 11.83 percent and 13.25 percent, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in these performance measures relative to the prior year was primarily driven by higher revenue which positively impacted net income available to common for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. Return on average assets (“ROA”) also increased in 2018 relative to the prior year and was 2.72 percent and 1.52 percent for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to .99 percent and 1.04 percent for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. Common equity tier 1, Tier 1, Total capital, and Leverage ratios were 9.84 percent, 10.86 percent, 12.02 percent, and 9.21 percent, respectively, in third quarter 2018 compared to 10.04 percent, 11.20 percent, 12.18 percent and 9.60 percent, respectively, in third quarter 2017. Average assets increased 39 percent for both three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 to $40.1 billion and $40.2 billion from $28.9 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 primarily due to the CBF acquisition. Average loans and average deposits increased 38 percent and 40 percent, respectively to $27.3 billion and $30.8 billion in third quarter 2018 from third quarter 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 average loans and average deposits increased 41 percent and 36 percent, respectively, to $27.2 billion and $30.6 billion. Average shareholder's equity increased to $4.6 billion for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 from $2.9 billion and $2.8 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. Period-end shareholders’ equity increased to $4.7 billion on September 30, 2018 from $2.9 billion on September 30, 2017 primarily due to the CBF acquisition.
BUSINESS LINE REVIEW
Regional Banking
Pre-tax income within the regional banking segment increased 46 percent, or $52.2 million to $166.7 million in third quarter 2018 from $114.5 million in third quarter 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the regional banking pre-tax income increased 54 percent, or $176.8 million to $505.9 million from $329.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in pre-tax income for both the quarter and year-to-date periods was driven by an increase in revenue somewhat offset by higher expenses.
Total revenue increased $108.8 million, or 40 percent, to $382.3 million in third quarter 2018, from $273.5 million in third quarter 2017, largely driven by a $93.3 million increase in NII. The increase in NII was largely due to loans and deposits added through the CBF acquisition and the favorable impact of higher short-term interest rates on loans. Noninterest income also increased for the three months ended September 30, 2018 relative to the prior year, favorably impacting third quarter 2018 operating results. The increase in noninterest income was largely driven by an $7.4 million increase in deposit transactions and cash management fee income primarily the result of higher fee income associated with the inclusion of Capital Bank in third quarter 2018. A $2.3 million increase in fees from brokerage, management fees, and commissions and a $1.5 million increase in fees from mortgage banking activities also contributed to the increase in noninterest inc ome in third quarter 2018 relative to the prior year. The increase in fees from brokerage, management fees, and commissions was driven by the continued growth of FHN's advisory business and favorable market conditions, coupled with an increase in the sales of structured products. To a lesser extent, bankcard income and other service charges also increased in third quarter 2018 due in large part to the inclusion of Capital Bank activity.
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Provision expense was $8.0 million in third quarter 2018 compared to $8.6 million in third quarter 2017. Both periods reflect continued strong performance in both the commercial and consumer portfolios. The current quarter provision expense was driven primarily by higher reserves associated with individually impaired loans within the C&I portfolio; the increase in reserves was partially offset by the effect of continued lower loss rates and lower net charge-offs.
Noninterest expense was $207.6 million in third quarter 2018, up 38 percent from $150.4 million in third quarter 2017. The increase in expense was primarily driven by the inclusion of Capital Bank in third quarter 2018, which led to higher personnel-related expenses, and increases in occupancy expense, amortization expense, and operation services. Communication expenses, equipment rentals, depreciation and maintenance expense, computer software, and FDIC premium expense increased in third quarter 2018 relative to the prior year also driven by the inclusion of Capital Bank. A $3.4 million increase in advertising expense also contributed to the increase in noninterest expense in third quarter 2018 largely driven by the inclusion of Capital Bank, as well as promotional branding campaigns. These increases were somewhat offset by a $6.4 million net decline in loss accruals for legal matters compared to third quarter 2017.
Total revenue increased 44 percent to $1.1 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, from $792.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, largely driven by a $298.5 million increase in NII. The increase in NII was largely due to loans and deposits added through the CBF acquisition. To a lesser extent, the favorable impact of higher interest rates on loans, cash basis interest income, higher average balances of loans to mortgage companies and organic loan growth within the commercial loan portfolio also favorably impacted NII in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 relative to the prior year. For the nine months September 30, 2018 and 2017, noninterest income was $240.1 million and $188.1 million, respectively. The increase in noninterest income was largely driven by a $27.0 million increase in deposit transactions and cash management fee income, primarily the result of higher fee income associated with the inclusion of Capital Bank. A $5.6 million increase in fees from brokerage, management fees, and commissions and a $3.9 million increase in fees from mortgage banking activities also contributed to the increase in noninterest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 relative to the prior year. Additionally, to a lesser extent, bankcard income and other service charges also increased in 2018 due in large part to the inclusion of Capital Bank activity.
Provision expense was $17.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $11.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The same factors impacting the quarterly loan loss provisioning levels also drove the provision for the year-to-date period.
Noninterest expense was $619.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, up 37 percent from $451.1 million for the same period of 201 7. The increase in expense was primarily driven by the inclusion of Capital Bank for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, which led to higher expenses in the same categories noted above. Additionally, strategic hires in expansion markets and specialty areas, higher incentive expense associated with loan and deposit growth, and an increase in minimum wage also contributed to an increase in personnel expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017. These increases were somewhat offset by a $3.4 million net decline in loss accruals related to legal matters in 2018 relative to the prior year.
Fixed Income
The fixed income segment had pre-tax income of $2.9 million in third quarter 2018 compared to pre-tax income of $8.7 million in third quarter 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the pre-tax income within the fixed income segment was $6.1 million compared to $18.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The decline in results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 relative to the same periods of 2017 was the result of lower noninterest income, somewhat offset by a decline in expenses and an increase in NII.
NII increased from $6.0 million in third quarter 2017 to $9.0 million in third quarter 2018. The increase in NII in third quarter 2018 was primarily due to an increase in trading securities and loans held-for-sale largely associated with government-guaranteed loan products. Fixed income product revenue decreased 24 percent to $34.3 million in third quarter 2018 from $45.0 million in third quarter 2017, as average daily revenue (“ADR”) declined to $544 thousand in third quarter 2018 from $715 thousand in third quarter 2017. This decline reflects lower activity due to challenging market conditions (expected interest rate increases, a flattening yield curve, and low levels of market volatility). Other product revenue was $6.9 million in third quarter 2018, down from $10.8 million in the prior year, primarily driven by lower fees from loan sales. Noninterest expense decreased 11 percent, or $5.8 million, to $47.3 million in third quarter 2018 primarily driven by lower variable compensation associated with the decrease in fixed income product revenue in third quarter 2018.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, NII increased $14.6 million to $26.7 million from $12.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in NII for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was driven by the same
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factors that impacted the quarterly increase in NII. Fixed income product revenue was $102.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, down from $133.3 million in the prior year, reflecting lower activity due to challenging market conditions (expected interest rate increases, a flattening yield curve, and low levels of market volatility). Other product revenue was $22.8 million and $28.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, primarily driven by lower fees from loan sales. Noninterest expense decreased 7 percent, or $10.2 million, to $145.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 from $155.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The decrease was primarily due to lower variable compensation associated with th e decrease in fixed income product revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and a decrease in legal fees relative to the prior year.
Corporate
The corporate segment had pre-tax income of $173.9 million in third quarter 2018 compared to a pre-tax loss of $47.2 million in third quarter 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the corporate segment had pre-tax income of $39.2 million compared to a pre-tax loss of $105.6 million for the nine months ended September 20, 2017. In third quarter 2018, FHN sold its remaining holdings of Visa Class B shares resulting in a $212.9 million pre-tax gain.
Net interest exp ense was $15.4 million and $13.8 million in third quarter 2018 and 2017, respectively. Noninterest income (including securities gain/losses) increased to $222.6 million in third quarter 2018 from negative $9.5 million in third quarter 2017. The increase in noninterest income in third quarter 2018 was primarily driven by the gain on sale of Visa Class B shares previously mentioned. To a much lesser extent, the increase in noninterest income was also due in part to the adoption of ASU 2016-01, "Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities" on January 1, 2018, which resulted in dividend income from FRB and FHLB holdings being recognized in other income rather than Interest income where it was recognized prior to adoption. In third quarter 2017, FHN recognized a $14.3 million loss from the repurchase of equity securities previously included in a financing transactions, which negatively impacted noninterest income in 2017.
Noninterest expense increased to $33.3 million in third quarter 2018 from $23.9 million in third quarter 2017. The increase in expense for third quarter 2018 was primarily driven by higher personnel expense largely due to inclusion of Capital Bank and a $3.0 million increase in acquisition- and integration-related expenses primarily associated with the CBF acquisition compared to third quarter 2017.
Net interest expense was $48.7 million and $42.4 million, respectively for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. Noninterest income (including securities gain/lo sses) increased to $240.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 from $2.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in noninterest income for the year-to-date period was driven by the same factors impacting the quarterly increase in noninterest income. Additionally, $4.1 million of gains on the sales of buildings recognized in 2018 and a net increase of $3.0 million in BOLI policy benefits received also contributed to the increase in noninterest income during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
Noninterest expense inc reased to $152.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 from $65.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in expense for the year-to-date period was primarily driven by a $70.9 million increase of acquisition- and integration-related expenses primarily associated with the CBF acquisition. Additionally, an increase in personnel expense, a $4.8 million increase in valuation adjustments associated with derivatives related to prior sales of Visa Class B shares recognized in 2018 and an increase in professional fees also contributed to the increase in noninterest expense. The increase in personnel expenses was due in large part to a 16 percent increase in headcount due to the inclusion of Capital Bank. These expense increases were somewhat offset by a $3.2 million charitable contribution made to the First Tennessee Foundation in 2017; a similar contribution was not made in 2018.
Non-Strategi c
The non-strategic segment had pre-tax income of $15.2 million in third quarter 2018 compared to $9.4 million in third quarter 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 the non-strategic segment had pre-tax income of $38.0 million compared to $41.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
Total revenue was $15.0 million in third quarter 2018 up from $10.2 million in third quarter 2017. NII increased 13 percent to $9.6 million in third quarter 2018, largely driven by higher rates on loans held-for-sale added through the CBF acquisition. Noninterest income increased to $5.4 million in third quarter 2018 from $1.7 million in third 2017, largely driven by a $3.8 million gain on the sales of TRUPs loans.
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The provision for loan losses within the non-st rategic segment was a provision credit of $6.0 million in third quarter 2018 compared to a provision credit of $8.6 million in the prior year. Overall, the non-strategic segment continued to reflect stable performance combined with lower loan balances as reserves declined by $10.3 million from December 31, 2017, to $25.1 million as of September 30, 2018. Losses remain historically low as the non-strategic segment had net recoveries of $2.2 million in third quarter 2018 compared to net recoveries of $3.3 million a year ago.
Noninterest expense was $5.8 million in third quarter 2018 compared to $9.4 million in third quarter 2017. The decline in expense in third quarter 2018 relative to the prior year was primarily driven by lower loss accruals related to legal matters.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, total revenue was $43.9 million, up from $31.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. NII increased 41 percent to $37.2 million during 2018, primarily driven by the interest income associated with the acquired CBF indirect auto loan portfolio, a large portion of which was subsequently sold in second quarter 2018. Noninterest income increased to $6.7 million in 2018 from $4.9 million in 2017, primarily driven by the gain on the reversal of a previous valuation adjustment on TRUPs loans sales previously mentioned.
The provision for loan losses within the non-strategic segment was a provision credit of $16.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to a provision credit of $14.9 million in the prior year. The same factors impacting the quarterly change in loan loss provisioning levels also drove the change for the year-to-date period.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, noninterest expense was $22.3 million compared to a $4.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in expense for the year-to-date period was largely the result of a $21.7 million pre-tax reversal of mortgage repurchase and foreclosure provision recognized in second quarter 2017 primarily as a result of the settlement of certain repurchase claims, which favorably impacted expenses for year-to-date period of 2017. This increase was somewhat offset by a decrease in loss accruals related to legal matters in 2018 relative to the prior year.
INCOME STATEMENT REVIEW
Total consolidated revenue increased to $654.7 million in third quarter 2018 from $322.2 million in third quarter 2017 driven by a $212.9 million pre-tax gain on the sale on Visa Class B shares and an increase in NII. Total expenses increased 24 percent to $294.0 million in third quarter 2018 from $236.9 million in third quarter 2017.
Total consolidated revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $1.5 billion, a 60 percent increase from $957.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in revenue for 2018 was attributable to an increase in NII as well as higher noninterest income primarily due to the gain on the sale of Visa Class B shares previously mentioned. Total expenses were $940.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $677.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
NET INTEREST INCOME
Net interest income increased 46 percent, or $95.9 million, to $305.7 million in third quarter 2018 from $209.8 million in third quarter 2017. The increase in NII in third quarter 2018 was largely due to loans added through the CBF acquisition, including CBF loan accretion. Additionally, favorable funding due to increased deposits from the CBF acquisition, the favorable impact of higher interest rates on loans, and higher average balances of trading securities positively impacted NII in third quarter 2018. To a lesser extent, organic loan growth within the regional banking commercial and consumer loan portfolios, an increase in cash basis interest income and higher average balances of loans to mortgage companies also improved NII in third quarter 2018 relative to third quarter 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, NII increased 53 percent, or $317.6 million, to $917.8 million from $600.2 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The same factors that contributed to the third quarter 2018 increase in NII also drove the increase in NII for the year-to-date period of 2018 relative to the prior year. Average earning assets were $35.6 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $26.6 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in average earning assets in both periods relative to 2017 was primarily due to the CBF acquisition, as well as organic growth within the Regional Banking segment.
For purposes of computing yields and the net interest margin, FHN adjusts net interest income to reflect tax-exempt income on an equivalent pre-tax basis which provides comparability of net interest income arising from both taxable and tax-exempt sources. The consolidated net interest margin improved to 3.44 percent in third quarter 2018 from 3.19 percent in third quarter 2017. The net interest spread was 3.12 percent in third quarter 2018, up 16 basis points from 2.96 percent in third quarter 2017. The improvement in NIM in third quarter 2018 was primarily a result of loans and deposits added through the CBF acquisition (including accretion) and the favorable impact of higher interest rates on loans. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the net interest margin was 3.47 percent, up 41 basis points from 3.06 percent for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
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The increase in NIM for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was also favorably impacted by higher short-term interest rates on loans, CBF loan accretion, and loans and deposits added through the CBF acquisition, but was also favorably impacted by lower balances of interest bearing cash. The following table provides detail regarding FHN's net interest margin for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.
Table 1—Net Interest Margin

| Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Nine months ended September 30
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans, net of unearned income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial loans | 4.95 | % |  | 4.13 | % |  | 4.79 | % |  | 4.01 | %
Consumer loans | 4.51 |  |  | 4.23 |  |  | 4.50 |  |  | 4.19 |
Total loans, net of unearned income | 4.84 |  |  | 4.16 |  |  | 4.71 |  |  | 4.06 |
Loans held-for-sale | 5.49 |  |  | 4.53 |  |  | 6.11 |  |  | 4.47 |
Investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government agencies | 2.71 |  |  | 2.54 |  |  | 2.69 |  |  | 2.57 |
States and municipalities | 3.60 |  |  | — |  |  | 3.52 |  |  | 9.43 |
Corporates and other debt | 4.36 |  |  | 5.25 |  |  | 4.43 |  |  | 5.25 |
Other (a) | 31.97 |  |  | 3.67 |  |  | 30.66 |  |  | 3.32 |
Total investment securities | 2.78 |  |  | 2.60 |  |  | 2.75 |  |  | 2.61 |
Trading securities | 3.81 |  |  | 3.06 |  |  | 3.67 |  |  | 3.00 |
Other earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal funds sold | 2.50 |  |  | 1.75 |  |  | 2.35 |  |  | 1.58 |
Securities purchased under agreements to resell | 1.82 |  |  | 0.88 |  |  | 1.51 |  |  | 0.64 |
Interest bearing cash | 1.84 |  |  | 1.24 |  |  | 1.67 |  |  | 0.92 |
Total other earning assets | 1.85 |  |  | 1.03 |  |  | 1.59 |  |  | 0.82 |
Interest income / total earning assets | 4.43 | % |  | 3.76 | % |  | 4.32 | % |  | 3.57 | %
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Savings | 1.07 | % |  | 0.50 | % |  | 0.85 | % |  | 0.46 | %
Other interest-bearing deposits | 0.74 |  |  | 0.46 |  |  | 0.63 |  |  | 0.37 |
Time deposits | 1.51 |  |  | 0.85 |  |  | 1.33 |  |  | 0.84 |
Total interest-bearing deposits | 1.03 |  |  | 0.51 |  |  | 0.85 |  |  | 0.46 |
Federal funds purchased | 2.05 |  |  | 1.24 |  |  | 1.79 |  |  | 0.98 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | 1.53 |  |  | 1.06 |  |  | 1.25 |  |  | 0.70 |
Fixed income trading liabilities | 2.90 |  |  | 2.19 |  |  | 2.75 |  |  | 2.26 |
Other short-term borrowings | 2.13 |  |  | 1.22 |  |  | 1.78 |  |  | 1.24 |
Term borrowings | 4.53 |  |  | 3.51 |  |  | 4.27 |  |  | 3.24 |
Interest expense / total interest-bearing liabilities | 1.31 |  |  | 0.80 |  |  | 1.12 |  |  | 0.71 |
Net interest spread | 3.12 | % |  | 2.96 | % |  | 3.20 | % |  | 2.86 | %
Effect of interest-free sources used to fund earning assets | 0.32 |  |  | 0.23 |  |  | 0.27 |  |  | 0.20 |
Net interest margin (b) | 3.44 | % |  | 3.19 | % |  | 3.47 | % |  | 3.06 | %

Certain previously reported amounts have reclassified to agree with current presentation.
(a) 2018 increase driven by the adoption of ASU 2016-01, "Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities" which resulted in the reclassification of interest and dividend income on equity securities to noninterest income on a prospective basis. The remaining balance is primarily comprised of higher-yielding SBA IO strips.
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(b) Calculated using total net interest income adjusted for FTE assuming a statutory federal income tax rate of 21 percent and 35 percent in 2018 and 2017, respectively, and where applicable, state income taxes.
FHN’s net interest margin is primarily impacted by its balance sheet mix including the levels of fixed and floating rate loans, rate sensitive and non-rate sensitive liabilities, cash levels, trading inventory levels as well as loan fees and cash basis income. FHN’s balance sheet is positioned to benefit primarily from a rise in short-term interest rates. For 2019, NIM will also depend on the extent of Fed interest rate increases, loan accretion levels and competitive pricing for core deposits.
PROVISION FOR LOAN LOSSES
The provision for loan losses is the charge to or credit to earnings that management determines to be necessary to maintain the ALLL at a sufficient level reflecting management’s estimate of probable incurred losses in the loan portfolio. The provision for loan losses was $2.0 million and $1.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $0 and a $3.0 million credit to the provision for loan losses, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, FHN’s asset quality metrics remained strong. Annualized net charge-offs as a percentage of loans was .02 percent for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. The ALLL decreased $3.6 million from year-end 2017 to $186.0 million as of September 30, 2018. For additional information about the provision for loan losses refer to the Regional Banking and Non-Strategic sections of the Business Line Review section in this MD&A. For additional information about general asset quality trends refer to the Asset Quality section in this MD&A.
NONINTEREST INCOME
Noninterest income (including securities gains/(losses)) was $349.0 million in third quarter 2018 and represented 53 percent of total revenue compared to $112.4 million in third quarter 2017 and 35 percent of total revenue. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 noninterest income was $612.5 million and $357.0 million, respectively, representing 40 percent and 37 percent of total revenue. The increase in noninterest income for the quarter and year-to-date periods was primarily driven by a $212.9 million pre-tax securities gain associated with the sale of Visa Class B shares. In third quarter 2017, noninterest income was negatively impacted by the recognition of a $14.3 million loss from the repurchase of equity securities previously included in a financing transaction, which also contributed to the year-over-year increase in noninterest income in 2018. To a lesser extent, increases in fee income due to the inclusion of Capital Bank also contributed to the increase in noninterest income for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, but were partially offset by lower fixed income revenue relative to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.
Fixed Income Noninterest Income
Fixed income noninterest income was $44.8 million and $128.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, down 20 percent and 21 percent, respectively, from $55.8 million and $161.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. The decline in both periods reflects lower activity du e to challenging market conditions (expected interest rate increases, a flattening yield curve, and low levels of market volatility). Revenue from other products was $10.5 million and $10.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and was $25.8 million and $28.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Both periods reflect a decline in fee income from lower loan sales, but were favorably impacted by a $3.8 million gain on the sales of TRUPs loans recognized within the Non-Strategic segment in third quarter 2018. The following table summarizes FHN’s fixed income noninterest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.
Table 2—Fixed Income Noninterest Income

| Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Percent Change |  | Nine months ended September 30 |  | Percent Change
(Dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |
Noninterest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income | $ | 34,268 |  |  | $ | 45,020 |  |  | (24 | )% |  | $ | 102,255 |  |  | $ | 133,302 |  |  | (23 | )%
Other product revenue | 10,545 |  |  | 10,738 |  |  | (2 | )% |  | 25,761 |  |  | 28,244 |  |  | (9 | )%
Total fixed income noninterest income | $ | 44,813 |  |  | $ | 55,758 |  |  | (20 | )% |  | $ | 128,016 |  |  | $ | 161,546 |  |  | (21 | )%

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Deposit Transactions and Cash Management
Fees from deposit transactions and cash management activities increased to $35.8 million in third quarter 2018 from $28.0 million in third quarter 2017 largely driven by higher fee income associated with the inclusion of Capital Bank. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 fees from deposit transactions and cash management activities were $107.9 million and $80.4 million, respectively. The year-to-date increase was also largely associated with the inclusion of Capital Bank. Fees from deposit transactions and cash management activities were negatively impacted in first quarter 2017 due to changes in consumer behavior and a modification of billing practices, which further contributed to the year-over-year increase in fees from deposit transactions and cash management activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
Brokerage, Management Fees and Commissions
Noninterest income from brokerage, management fees and commissions increased 19 percent to $14.2 million in third quarter 2018 from $11.9 million in third quarter 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 noninterest income from brokerage, management fees and commissions increased 15 percent to $41.4 million from $35.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in both periods was due in large part to the continued growth of FHN's advisory business and favorable market conditions, coupled with an increase in the sales of structured products.
Bank-owned Life Insurance
Bank-owned life insurance ("BOLI") increased to $4.3 million and $14.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 from $3.5 million and $11.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in both periods was driven by higher BOLI policy gains recognized in 2018 relative to 2017.
Bankcard Income
Bankcard income was $6.9 million and $20.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $6.2 million and $17.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in bankcard income was primarily the result of an increase in interchange income driven by higher volume and favorable rate changes in 2018 compared to 2017.
Securities Gains/(Losses)
Net securities gains were $212.9 million and $213.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and primarily related to FHN's sale of its remaining holdings of Visa Class B shares. Net securities gains for the three months ended September 30, 2017 were not material. Net securities gains for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were $.5 million and were primarily the result of the call of a $4.4 million held-to-maturity municipal bond within the regional banking segment in second quarter 2017.
Other Noninterest Income
Other income includes revenues from other service charges, ATM and interchange fees, dividend income (subsequent to 2017), mortgage banking (primarily within the non-strategic and regional banking segments), revenue related to deferred compensation plans (which are mirrored by changes in noninterest expense), electronic banking fees, letter of credit fees, insurance commissions, loss on extinguishment of debt and various other fees.
Revenue from all other income and commissions increased to $22.7 million in third quarter 2018 from $43 thousand in third quarter 2017. Effective January 1, 2018, FHN adopted ASU 2016-01, "Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities" and began recording dividend income from FRB and FHLB holdings in other income which contributed to the increase in other noninterest income in third quarter 2018 relative to the prior year, as previously these amounts were included in Interest income. Additionally, increases in mortgage banking income and other service charges related to the inclusion of Capital Bank also contributed to the increase in all other income and commissions in third quarter 2018 compared with the prior year. To a lesser extent, $1.6 million in collections from CBF loans that were fully charged off prior to acquisition increased other noninterest income for third quarter 2018. In third quarter 2017, all other income and commissions was negatively impacted by a $14.3 million loss from the repurchase of equity securities previously included in a financing transaction.
Revenue from all other income and commissions increased to $65.3 million fo r the nine months ended September 30, 2018 from $29.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in all other income and commissions for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was largely due to $8.1 million in dividend income from FRB and FHLB holdings,
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$4.3 million in collections from CBF loans that were fully charged off prior to acquisition and $4.1 million of gains on the sales of buildings recognized in 2018. Additionally, mortgage banking income and other service charges increased primarily related to the inclusion of Capital Bank. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 deferred compensation income decreased $1.5 million to $2.9 million, offsetting a portion of the overall increase in revenue from all other income and commissions. Deferred compensation income fluctuates with changes in the market value of the underlying investments. For 2017, all other income and commissions was negatively impacted by the $14.3 million loss on extinguishment of debt previously mentioned. The following table provides detail regarding FHN’s other income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.
Table 3—Other Income

| Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Percent Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30 |  | Percent Change
(Dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |
Other income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other service charges | $ | 3,758 |  |  | $ | 2,954 |  |  | 27 | % |  | $ | 11,609 |  |  | $ | 9,047 |  |  | 28 | %
ATM and interchange fees | 3,263 |  |  | 3,137 |  |  | 4 | % |  | 9,943 |  |  | 8,998 |  |  | 11 | %
Dividend income (a) | 2,757 |  |  | — |  |  | NM |  |  | 8,130 |  |  | — |  |  | NM |
Mortgage banking | 2,533 |  |  | 1,354 |  |  | 87 | % |  | 7,510 |  |  | 3,883 |  |  | 93 | %
Deferred compensation | 1,458 |  |  | 1,128 |  |  | 29 | % |  | 2,900 |  |  | 4,446 |  |  | (35 | )%
Electronic banking fees | 1,309 |  |  | 1,282 |  |  | 2 | % |  | 3,741 |  |  | 3,911 |  |  | (4 | )%
Letter of credit fees | 1,307 |  |  | 1,211 |  |  | 8 | % |  | 3,851 |  |  | 3,369 |  |  | 14 | %
Insurance commissions | 396 |  |  | 567 |  |  | (30 | )% |  | 1,629 |  |  | 2,042 |  |  | (20 | )%
Gain/(loss) on extinguishment of debt (b) | (1 | ) |  | (14,329 | ) |  | NM |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (14,329 | ) |  | NM |
Other | 5,875 |  |  | 2,739 |  |  | NM |  |  | 16,020 |  |  | 7,684 |  |  | NM |
Total | $ | 22,655 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | NM |  |  | $ | 65,332 |  |  | $ | 29,051 |  |  | NM |

NM – Not meaningful

(a) | Effective January 1, 2018, FHN adopted ASU 2016-01, “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” and began recording dividend income from FRB and FHLB holdings in Other income. Prior to first quarter 2018 these amounts were included in Interest income on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income.

(b) | Loss on extinguishment of debt for three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 relates to the repurchase of equity securities previously included in a financing transaction.

NONINTEREST EXPENSE
Total noninterest expense increased to $294.0 million in third quarter 2018 from $236.9 million in third quarter 2017. The increase in noninterest expense in third quarter 2018 was largely driven by higher acquisition- and integration-related expenses primarily associated with the CBF acquisition, higher personnel-related expenses, and increases in several other expense categories due to the inclusion of Capital Bank, somewhat offset by a decrease in loss accruals related to legal matters. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, total noninterest expense increased 39 percent to $940.1 million, largely driven by the same factors that contributed to the quarterly expense increase. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, lower legal fees relative to the nine months ended September 30, 2017 favorably impacted expense in 2018, offsetting a portion of the net increase in expenses.
Employee Compensation, Incentives, and Benefits
Employee compensation, incentives, and benefits (personnel expense), the largest component of noninterest expense, increased 20 percent in third quarter 2018 to $164.8 million from $137.4 million in third quarte r 2017. The increase in personnel expense was primarily the res ult of a 31 percent increase in headcount in connection with the CBF acquisition. Additionally, an increase in minimum wage and a $1.7 million increase of personnel expense related to acquisition- and integration-related expenses during third quarter 2018 also contributed to the increase in personnel expense relative to third quarter 2017. A decline in
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variable compensation associated with lower fixed income sales revenue relative to third quarter 2017, favorably impacted personnel expense in third quarter 2018, offsetting a portion of the expense increase.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, personnel expense increased 22 percent, or $91.8 million to $502.0 million. The increase in personnel expense for the year-to-date period was also due primarily to an increase in headcount in connection with the CBF acquisition. Additionally, an increase in minimum wage in 2018 as well as strategic hires in expansion markets and specialty areas and higher incentive expense associated with loan and deposit growth within the regional banking segment also contributed to the increase in personnel expense relative to the prior year. For year-to-date period of 2018, a $9.3 million increase in personnel expense primarily related to acquisition- and integration-related expenses associated with the CBF acquisition also increased personnel expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. A decline in variable compensation associated with lower fixed income sales revenue relative to the prior year offset a portion of the expense increase for the year-to-date period.
Occupancy
Occupancy expense increased to $20.0 million in third quarter 2018 from $13.6 million in third quarter 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, occupancy expense increased to $63.0 million from $38.8 million. The increase in occupancy was primarily driven by higher rental expense due to the inclusion of Capital Bank and Coastal expenses, as well as an increase in depreciation expense due to the completion of space-consolidating renovations made to FHN's headquarters and other locations completed during 2017. In addition, in 2018 FHN recognized $2.4 million of acquisition- and integration-related expenses primarily associated with the CBF acquisition.
Computer Softwa re
Computer software expense was $15.7 million in third quarter 2018, up 31 percent from $12.0 million in third quarter 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, computer software expense was $45.9 million, up from $35.1 million for the same period in 2017. The increase in computer software expense in both periods was driven by the inclusion of Capital Bank, as well as FHN's focus on technology-related projects. To a lesser extent acquisition- and integration-related expenses primarily associated with the CBF acquisition also contributed to the increase in computer software expense for year-to-date 2018.
Operations Services
Operations services expense increased $2.3 million and $10.1 million, respectively to $13.1 million and $43.3 million f or the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 from $10.8 million and $33.2 million for the same periods of 2017. The increase in operations services expense was primarily related to an increase in third party fees associated with the inclusion of Capital Bank expenses, as well as higher acquisition- and integration-related expenses primarily related to the CBF acquisition.
Equipment Rentals, Depreciation, and Maintenance
Equipment rentals, depreciation, and maintenance expense increased 42 percent, or $2.8 million, to $9.4 million in third quarter 2018 from $6.6 million in third quarter 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, equipment rentals, depreciation and maintenance expense increased $10.1 million to $30.1 million. The increase in equ ipment rentals, depreciation, and maintenance expense in both periods was due in large part to the inclusion of Capital Bank in 2018. For the year-to-end period, the increase was also driven by higher acquisition- and integration-related expenses primarily related to the CBF acquisition.
Professional Fees
Professional fees were $9.3 million and $37.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $6.6 million and $21.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 3 0, 2017. The increase in professional fees was primarily driven by strategic investments to analyze growth potential and product mix for new markets, as well as higher acquisition- and integration-related expenses primarily associated with the CBF acquisition compared to 2017.
Advertising and Public Relations
Expenses associated with advertising and public relations were $8.4 million and $17.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $5.2 million and $13.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. In 2018, FHN recognized higher advertising expense due in large part to promotional branding campaigns and targeted marketing in new markets which contributed to an increase in both the quarter and year-to-date periods.
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FDIC Premium Expense
FDIC premium expense was $7.9 million and $26.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $6.1 million and $17.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in FDIC premium expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 relative to 2017 was due in large part to the CBF acquisition, as well as organic growth. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the increase was also impacted by the Coastal acquisition.
Communications and Courier
Expenses associated with communications and courier were $7.0 million and $22.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 up from $4.3 million and $12.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in communication and courier expense was primarily driven by the inclusion of Capital Bank for the quarter and year-to-date periods of 2018. Expenses related to acquisition- and integration- related projects primarily associated with the CBF acquisition also contributed to the increase in expenses for the year-to-date period.
Amortization of Intangible Assets
Amortization expense was $6.5 million and $19.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, a $4.5 million and $14.2 million in crease, respectively, from $2.0 million and $5.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase was due to amortization expense as a result of the CBF and Coastal acquisitions.
Contract employment and outsourcing
Expenses associated with contract employment and outsourcing increased to $4.3 million and $14.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 from $2.8 milli on and $9.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, due in large part to acquisition- and integration- related projects primarily associated with the CBF acquisition.
Legal Fees
Legal fees were $2.5 million and $7.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $2.1 million and $10.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. Legal fees fluctuate primarily based on the status, timing, type, and composition of cases or other projects.
Repurchase and Foreclosure Provision/(Provision Credit)
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the mortgage repurchase and foreclosure provision was not material. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, FHN recognized a $22.6 million pre-tax reversal of mortgage repurchase and foreclosure provision primarily as a result of the settlement of certain repurchase claims, which favorably impacted the 2017 year-to-date period.
Other Noninterest Expense
Other expense includes travel and entertainment expenses, other insurance and tax expense, costs associated with employee training and dues, supplies, expenses associated with the non-service components of net periodic pension and post-retirement cost, tax credit investments expenses, customer relations expenses, expenses associated with OREO, miscellaneous loan costs, losses from litigation and regulatory matters, and various other expenses.
Al l other expenses decreased to $25.7 million in third quarter 2018 from $28.1 million in third quarter 2017. The decrease was primarily due to a $9.7 million decrease in loss accruals related to legal matters from $8.2 million in third quarter 2017 to a net expense reversal of $1.5 million in third quarter 2018. The decline in third quarter 2018 was somewhat offset by increased activity due to CBF, an increase in the reserve for unfunded commitments, an increase in pension expense, and higher expenses associated with foreclosed properties.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, all other expenses increased to $112.0 million fr om $72.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase was primarily due to a $39.9 million increase of acquisition- and integration-related costs primarily associated with the CBF acquisition, including contract termination charges, costs of shareholder matters and asset impairments related to the integration, as well as other miscellaneous expenses. Additionally, a $4.8 million increase in Visa derivative valuation adjustments recognized for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, higher expenses associated with travel and entertainment, supplies, and employee training and dues largely due to the inclusion of Capital Bank, higher
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pension expense and an increase in the reserve for unfunded commitments for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 also contributed to the increase in other noninterest income relative to the prior year. These expense increases were somewhat offset by a $7.8 million net decrease in loss accruals related to legal matters and a $3.2 million charitable contribution made to the First Tennessee Foundation in 2017; a similar contribution was not made in 2018. The following table provides detail regarding FHN’s other expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.
Table 4—Other Expense

| Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Percent Change |  | Nine Months Ended September 30 |  | Percent Change
(Dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |
Other expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Travel and entertainment | $ | 3,988 |  |  | $ | 2,798 |  |  | 43 | % |  | $ | 12,102 |  |  | $ | 8,308 |  |  | 46 | %
Other insurance and taxes | 2,761 |  |  | 2,396 |  |  | 15 | % |  | 8,178 |  |  | 7,229 |  |  | 13 | %
Employee training and dues | 1,682 |  |  | 1,198 |  |  | 40 | % |  | 5,310 |  |  | 4,194 |  |  | 27 | %
Supplies | 1,635 |  |  | 928 |  |  | 76 | % |  | 5,458 |  |  | 2,884 |  |  | 89 | %
Non-service components of net periodic pension and post-retirement cost | 1,585 |  |  | 454 |  |  | NM |  |  | 3,619 |  |  | 1,782 |  |  | NM |
Tax credit investments | 1,370 |  |  | 762 |  |  | 80 | % |  | 3,586 |  |  | 2,646 |  |  | 36 | %
Customer relations | 1,328 |  |  | 1,361 |  |  | (2 | )% |  | 3,749 |  |  | 4,240 |  |  | (12 | )%
OREO | 1,256 |  |  | 303 |  |  | NM |  |  | 2,174 |  |  | 953 |  |  | NM |
Miscellaneous loan costs | 543 |  |  | 757 |  |  | (28 | )% |  | 2,720 |  |  | 2,078 |  |  | 31 | %
Litigation and regulatory matters | (1,541 | ) |  | 8,162 |  |  | NM |  |  | 609 |  |  | 8,403 |  |  | (93 | )%
Other (a) | 11,094 |  |  | 8,994 |  |  | 23 | % |  | 64,527 |  |  | 29,837 |  |  | NM |
Total | $ | 25,701 |  |  | $ | 28,113 |  |  | (9 | )% |  | $ | 112,032 |  |  | $ | 72,554 |  |  | 54 | %

NM – Not meaningful.
Certain previously reported amounts have been revised to reflect the retroactive effect of the adoption of ASU 2017-07 “Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost.” See Note 1 - Financial Information for additional information.

(a) | Expense increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 largely attributable to an increase in acquisition- and integration-related expense primarily associated with the CBF acquisition. See Note 2 - Acquisitions and Divestitures for additional information.

INCOME TAXES
FHN recorded an income tax provision of $83.9 million in third quarter 2018, compared to $13.6 million in third quarter 2017. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, FHN recorded an income tax provision of $133.6 million and $57.9 million, respectively. The effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 were approximately 23 percent compared to 16 percent and 20 percent for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.
The Company's effective tax rate is favorably affected by recurring items such as bank-owned life insurance, tax-exempt income, and credits and other tax benefits from affordable housing investments. The effective rate is unfavorably affected by the non-deductibility of portions of FHN's FDIC premium and executive compensation expense. FHN’s effective tax rate also may be affected by items that may occur in any given period but are not consistent from period to period, such as changes in the deferred tax asset valuation allowance and changes in unrecognized tax benefits. For the three months ended September 30, 2018, FHN recognized $.6 million of net unfavorable discrete items. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, FHN recognized $3.1 million of net favorable discrete items primarily related to CBF purchase accounting adjustments.
FHN's effective tax rate in 2017 was based on the 35% federal tax rate which was lowered to 21% in 2018. It was favorably impacted by the reversal of the valuation allowance for the deferred tax asset related to its 2012 federal capital loss carryforward based on capital gain transactions initiated in second quarter 2017; this lowered the effective rate to 16 percent and 20 percent for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. For the three months ended September 30, 2017, FHN also recognized $1.9 million of net favorable discrete items primarily related to the 2016 tax return filings.
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A deferred tax asset (“DTA”) or deferred tax liability (“DTL”) is recognized for the tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities. The tax consequence is calculated by applying enacted statutory tax rates, applicable to future years, to these temporary differences. As of September 30, 2018, FHN’s gross DTA (net of a valuation allowance) and gross DTL were $269.4 million and $119.5 million, respectively, resulting in a net DTA of $149.8 million at September 30, 2018, compared with a net DTA of $190.7 million at September 30, 2017. There have been various changes to FHN's DTA since the third quarter of 2017. Major changes include an increase in the DTA as a result of the acquisition of CBF and decreases in the DTA as a result of the decrease in the federal tax rate and the utilization due to projected taxable income in 2018.
As of September 30, 2018, FHN had deferred tax asset balances related to federal and state income tax carryforwards of $57.3 million and $12.4 million, respectively, which will expire at various dates.
FHN’s gross DTA after valuation allowance was $269.4 million and $282.3 million as of September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Other than a small valuation allowance against state NOLs, FHN believes that it will be able to realize the value of its DTA and that no valuation allowance is needed. FHN monitors its DTA and the need for a valuation allowance on a quarterly basis.
STATEMENT OF CONDITION REVIEW
Total period-end assets were $40.6 billion on September 30, 2018, a 2 percent decrease from $41.4 billion on December 31, 2017. Average assets increased 21 percent from $33.1 billion in fourth quarter 2017 to $40.1 billion in third quarter 2018. The increase in average assets was primarily driven by the timing of the CBF acquisition on November 30, 2017; third quarter 2018 includes the average impact of three months of balances compared with one month in fourth quarter 2017. The increase was largely due to net increases in the loan portfolios, increases in goodwill and other intangible assets, and a larger investment securities portfolio. Additionally, loans held-for-sale and premises and equipment also contributed to the increase in average assets from December 31, 2017. The decrease in period-end assets was due in large part to decreases in interest bearing cash levels, as well as net decreases in the available-for-sale ("AFS") securities and loan portfolios, but was somewhat offset by an increase in Fixed income trading inventory.
Total period-end liabilities were $35.9 billion on September 30, 2018, a 3 percent decrease from $36.8 billion on December 31, 2017. Average liabilities increased to $35.5 billion in third quarter 2018, from $29.6 billion in fourth quarter 2017. The net increase in average liabilities relative to fourth quarter 2017 was also the result of the timing of the CBF acquisition in late fourth quarter 2017 and was primarily attributable to acquired deposits. The decrease in period-end liabilities was largely due to a decrease in short-term borrowings, somewhat offset by increases in deposits and trading liabilities.
EARNING ASSETS
Earning assets consist of loans, investment securities, other earning assets such as trading securities, interest-bearing cash, and loans HFS. Average earning assets increased 18 percent and 34 percent to $35.6 billion in third quarter 2018 from $30.0 billion and $26.6 billion in fourth quarter 2017 and third quarter 2017, respectively. A more detailed discussion of the major line items follows.
Loans
Period-end loans were $27.4 billion as of September 30, 2018 compared with $27.7 billion as of December 31, 2017 and $20.2 billion as of September 30, 2017. Average loans for third quarter 2018 increased to $27.3 billion from $22.5 billion in fourth quarter 2017 and $19.8 billion in third quarter 2017. The increase in period-end and average loan balances from third quarter 2017 was primarily the result of $7.3 billion in loans from the CBF acquisition and organic growth within FHN's regional banking segment, somewhat offset by run-off within the non-strategic portfolios. The increase in average loans from fourth quarter 2017 was primarily due to the timing of the CBF acquisition, as third quarter 2018 includes the average impact of three months of balances compared with one month in fourth quarter 2017. The decrease in period-end loans from December 31, 2017 was driven by low spread run-off within the Regional Banking portfolios, coupled with sales and run-off within the Non-strategic portfolios, somewhat mitigated by net loan growth within several of the Regional Banking loan portfolios. The following table provides detail regarding FHN's average loans.
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Table 5—Average Loans

|  | Quarter Ended September 30, 2018 |  | Quarter Ended December 31, 2017 |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Amount |  | Percent of total |  | Amount |  | Percent of total |  | Growth Rate
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial, financial, and industrial |  | $ | 16,038,920 |  |  | 59 | % |  | $ | 13,756,024 |  |  | 61 | % |  | 17 | %
Commercial real estate |  | 4,226,580 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 2,892,949 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 46 |
Total commercial |  | 20,265,500 |  |  | 74 |  |  | 16,648,973 |  |  | 74 |  |  | 22 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consumer real estate (a) |  | 6,199,910 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 5,029,588 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 23 |
Permanent mortgage |  | 348,922 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 400,991 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (13 | )
Credit card and other |  | 532,890 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 439,057 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 21 |
Total consumer |  | 7,081,722 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 5,869,636 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 21 |
Total loans, net of unearned income |  | $ | 27,347,222 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 22,518,609 |  |  | 100 | % |  | 21 | %

(a) Balance as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, includes $17.8 million and $25.1 million of restricted and secured real estate loans, respectively.
Investment Securities
FHN’s investment portfolio consists principally of debt securities including government agency issued mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) and government agency issued collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMO”), substantially all of which are classified as available-for-sale. FHN utilizes the securities portfolio as a source of income, liquidity and collateral for repurchase agreements, for public funds, and as a tool for managing risk of interest rate movements. Investment securities were $4.6 billion on September 30, 2018 compared to $5.2 billion on December 31, 2017. The decrease in period-end investment securities was due in part to the adoption of ASU 2016-01, "Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities," o n January 1, 2018, which resulted in the reclassification of equity securities from Investment securities to Other assets and an increase in unrealized losses as a result of higher rates. FHN moderated its reinvestment strategy which also contributed to the decrease in the investment securities balance on September 30, 2018. Investmen t securities averaged $4.7 billion and $4.3 billion in third quarter 2018 and fourth quarter 2017, respectively, representing 13 percent and 14 percent of average earning assets in third quarter 2018 and fourth quarter 2017, respectively. The increase in average assets in third quarter 2018 compared to fourth quarter 2017 was primarily due to the timing of the CBF acquisition, as third quarter 2018 includes the average impact of three months of CBF balances compared to one month in fourth quarter 2017, somewhat offset by the factors listed above that contributed to the decline in period-end balances. FHN manages the size and mix of the investment portfolio to assist in asset liability management, provide liquidity, and optimize risk adjusted returns.
Loans Held-for-Sale
Loans HFS consists of small business, other consumer loans, the mortgage warehouse, USDA, student, and home equity loans. On September 30, 2018 loans HFS were $725.7 million compared to $699.4 million on Decem ber 31, 2017. The average balance of loans HFS increased to $727.5 million in third quarter 2018 from $504.6 million in fourth quarter 2017. The increase in period-end balances is primarily attributable to an increase in small business loans. The increase in average loans HFS was primarily due to an increase in small business loans, somewhat offset by a decrease i n other consumer loans primarily attributable to the second quarter 2018 sale of approximately $120 million UPB of subprime auto loans acquired from the CBF acquisition.
Other Earning Assets
Other earning assets include trading securities, securities purchased under agreements to resell, federal funds sold (“FFS”), and interest-bearing deposits with the Fed and other financial institutions. Other earning assets averaged $2.8 billion in third quarter 2018, up from $2.7 billion in fourth quarter 2017. The increase in other earning assets was primarily driven by an increase in fixed income trading securities, somewhat offset by a decrease in securities purchased under agreements to resell ("asset repos") relative to fourth quarter 2017. Fixed income's trading inventory fluctuates daily based on customer demand. Asset repos are used in fixed income trading activity and generally fluctuate with the level of fixed income trading liabilities (short-positions) as securities collateral from asset repo transactions are used to fulfill trades. Ot her earning assets were $3.3 billion on September 30, 2018, down from $3.4 billion on December 31, 2017. The decrease in other earning assets on a period-end basis was driven by lower levels of interest bearing cash, somewhat offset by an increase in fixed income trading securities.
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Non-earning assets
Period-end non-earning assets increased to $4.7 billion on September 30, 2018 from $4.5 billion on December 31, 2017. The increase in non-earning assets was primarily due to the adoption of ASU 2016-01, "Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities," which resulted in the reclassification of equity securities from investment securities to other assets. Additionally, an increase in fixed income receivables also contributed to the increase in non-earning assets as of September 30, 2018.
Deposits
Average deposits were $30.8 billion during third quarter 2018, up 24 percent and 40 percent, respectively from $24.9 billion in fourth quarter 2017 and $22.1 billion in third quarter 2017. The increase in average deposits was due primarily to the addition of $8.1 billion of deposits associated with the CBF acquisition.
FHN's composition of deposits shifted slightly from third and fourth quarter 2017, resulting in an increase in interest-bearing deposits in third quarter 2018 relative to the prior year. Market-indexed deposits as a percentage of total deposits decreased from 16 percent in third quarter 2017 and fourth quarter 2017, respectively, to 15 percent in third quarter 2018, while commercial interest increased as a percentage of total deposits.
Period-end deposits were $31.0 billion on September 30, 2018, up 1 percent from $30.6 billion on December 31, 2017, and up 40 percent from $22.1 billion on September 30, 2017. The increase in period-end deposits from September 30, 2017 was also primarily due to deposits acquired in the CBF acquisition. The increase in period-end deposits from December 31, 2017 was largely the result of an increase in time deposits and savings, somewhat offset by a decline in other interest bearing deposits. The following table summarizes FHN's average deposits for the quarters ended September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
Table 6—Average Deposits

|  | Quarter Ended September 30, 2018 |  | Quarter Ended December 31, 2017 |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Amount |  | Percent of total |  | Amount |  | Percent of total |  | Growth Rate
Interest-bearing deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consumer interest |  | $ | 12,663,181 |  |  | 41 | % |  | $ | 10,279,937 |  |  | 41 | % |  | 23 | %
Commercial interest |  | 5,580,371 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 3,684,643 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 51 |
Market-indexed (a) |  | 4,486,335 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 3,958,224 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 13 |
Total interest-bearing deposits |  | 22,729,887 |  |  | 74 |  |  | 17,922,804 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 27 |
Noninterest-bearing deposits |  | 8,117,349 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 6,972,912 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 16 |
Total deposits |  | $ | 30,847,236 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 24,895,716 |  |  | 100 | % |  | 24 | %

(a) Market-indexed deposits are tied to indices not administered by FHN and are comprised of insured network deposits, correspondent banking deposits, and trust/sweep deposits.
Short-Term Borrowings
Short-term borrowings (federal funds purchased (“FFP”), securities sold under agreements to repurchase, trading liabilities, and other short-term borrowings) averaged $2.7 billion in third quarter 2018, down 9 percent from $3.0 billion in fourth quarter 2017. The decrease in short-term borrowings between third quarter 2018 and fourth quarter 2017 was primarily due to a decrease in other short-term borrowings, partially offset by an increase in securities sold under agreements to repurchase. Other short-term borrowings balances fluctuate largely based on the level of FHLB borrowing as a result of loan demand, deposit levels and balance sheet funding strategies. Average securities sold under agreements to repurchase increased in third quarter 2018, as an additional source of wholesale funding for FHN's balance sheet activities. Period-end short-term borrowings decreased to $2.9 billion on September 30, 2018 from $4.3 billion on December 31, 2017. The decrease in short-term borrowings on a period-end basis was driven by a decrease in other short-term borrowings (primarily FHLB advances), somewhat offset by higher levels of trading inventory. The following table provides detail regarding FHN's average short-term borrowings for the quarters ended September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
Table 7—Average Short-Term Borrowings
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|  | Quarter Ended September 30, 2018 |  | Quarter Ended December 31, 2017 |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Amount |  | Percent of total |  | Amount |  | Percent of total |  | Growth Rate
Short-term borrowings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal funds purchased |  | $ | 454,670 |  |  | 17 | % |  | $ | 425,900 |  |  | 14 | % |  | 7 | %
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase |  | 720,716 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 595,275 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 21 |
Trading liabilities |  | 702,026 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 741,063 |  |  | 25 |  |  | (5 | )
Other short-term borrowings |  | 861,865 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 1,246,087 |  |  | 41 |  |  | (31 | )
Total short-term borrowings |  | $ | 2,739,277 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 3,008,325 |  |  | 100 | % |  | (9 | )%

Term Borrowings
Term borrowings include senior and subordinated borrowings with original maturities greater than one year. Term borrowings were $1.2 billion on September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Average term borrowings increased to $1.2 billion in third quarter 2018 from $1.1 billion in fourth quarter 2017 primarily driven by a full quarter of average impact of the addition of $212.4 million junior subordinated debentures underlying trust preferred debt acquired in association with the CBF acquisition. In fourth quarter 2017, this balance was only included for one month due to the timing of the CBF acquisition. In third quarter 2018, FHN retired $10.3 million of this junior subordinated debt and the related trust preferred debt. FHN has retired or given notice of its election to retire an additional $35.1 million of this debt in fourth quarter 2018.
Other Liabilities
Period-end other liabilities were $.8 billion on September 30, 2018 compared to $.7 billion on December 31, 2017.
CAPITAL
Management’s objectives are to provide capital sufficient to cover the risks inherent in FHN’s businesses, to maintain excess capital to well-capitalized standards, and to assure ready access to the capital markets. Period-end equity was $4.7 billion on September 30, 2018 compared to $4.6 billion on December 31, 2017 as net income recognized in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was offset by common and preferred dividends, a decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI"), and the cancellation of 2,373,220 common shares in connection with CBF dissenting shareholders (mentioned below). The decrease in AOCI was largely driven by an increase in unrealized losses on AFS debt securities as a result of higher rates. Average equity increased to $4.6 billion in third quarter 2018 from $3.5 billion in fourth quarter 2017, due in large part to the average impact of $1.8 billion of equity issued in connection with the CBF acquisition on November 30, 2017. Average equity was negatively impacted by a decline in AOCI and the cancellation of the dissenters' shares. The decline in AOCI was largely the result of an increase in unrealized losses recognized on AFS debt securities and an increase in net actuarial losses for pension and post retirement plans.
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The following tables provide a reconciliation of Shareholders’ equity from the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition to Common Equity Tier 1, Tier 1 and Total Regulatory Capital as well as certain selected capital ratios:
Table 8—Regulatory Capital and Ratios

(Dollars in thousands) |  | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Shareholders’ equity |  | $ | 4,446,500 |  |  | $ | 4,285,057 |
FHN non-cumulative perpetual preferred |  | (95,624 | ) |  | (95,624 | )
Common equity |  | $ | 4,350,876 |  |  | $ | 4,189,433 |
Regulatory adjustments: |  |  |  |
Disallowed goodwill and other intangibles |  | (1,513,204 | ) |  | (1,480,725 | )
Net unrealized (gains)/losses on securities available-for-sale |  | 133,400 |  |  | 26,834 |
Net unrealized (gains)/losses on pension and other postretirement plans |  | 282,746 |  |  | 288,227 |
Net unrealized (gains)/losses on cash flow hedges |  | 21,503 |  |  | 7,764 |
Disallowed deferred tax assets |  | (22,256 | ) |  | (69,065 | )
Other deductions from common equity tier 1 |  | (240 | ) |  | (313 | )
Common equity tier 1 |  | $ | 3,252,825 |  |  | $ | 2,962,155 |
FHN non-cumulative perpetual preferred |  | 95,624 |  |  | 95,624 |
Qualifying noncontrolling interest—FTBNA preferred stock |  | 241,116 |  |  | 257,080 |
Other deductions from tier 1 |  | — |  |  | (33,381 | )
Tier 1 capital |  | $ | 3,589,565 |  |  | $ | 3,281,478 |
Tier 2 capital (a) |  | 383,576 |  |  | 422,276 |
Total regulatory capital |  | $ | 3,973,141 |  |  | $ | 3,703,754 |
Risk-Weighted Assets |  |  |  |
First Horizon National Corporation |  | $ | 33,041,617 |  |  | $ | 33,373,877 |
First Tennessee Bank National Association |  | 32,502,442 |  |  | 32,786,547 |
Average Assets for Leverage |  |  |  |
First Horizon National Corporation |  | 38,962,431 |  |  | 31,824,751 |
First Tennessee Bank National Association |  | 38,106,208 |  |  | 31,016,187 |

|  | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
|  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount
Common Equity Tier 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
First Horizon National Corporation |  | 9.84 | % |  | $ | 3,252,825 |  |  | 8.88 | % |  | $ | 2,962,155 |
First Tennessee Bank National Association |  | 10.10 |  |  | 3,282,347 |  |  | 9.28 |  |  | 3,041,420 |
Tier 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
First Horizon National Corporation |  | 10.86 |  |  | 3,589,565 |  |  | 9.83 |  |  | 3,281,478 |
First Tennessee Bank National Association |  | 11.01 |  |  | 3,577,163 |  |  | 10.12 |  |  | 3,317,684 |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
First Horizon National Corporation |  | 12.02 |  |  | 3,973,141 |  |  | 11.10 |  |  | 3,703,754 |
First Tennessee Bank National Association |  | 11.63 |  |  | 3,779,301 |  |  | 10.74 |  |  | 3,520,670 |
Tier 1 Leverage |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
First Horizon National Corporation |  | 9.21 |  |  | 3,589,565 |  |  | 10.31 |  |  | 3,281,478 |
First Tennessee Bank National Association |  | 9.39 |  |  | 3,577,163 |  |  | 10.70 |  |  | 3,317,684 |

(a) | Third quarter 2018 reflects a reduction of $39.0 million in Tier 2 qualifying trust preferred securities which were retired in third and fourth quarters 2018 or will be retired during fourth quarter 2018 and for which notice of the retirement was given by September 30, 2018.

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Banking regulators define minimum capital ratios for bank holding companies and their bank subsidiaries. Based on the capital rules and definitions prescribed by the banking regulators, should any depository institution’s capital ratios decline below predetermined levels, it would become subject to a series of increasingly restrictive regulatory actions. The system categorizes a depository institution’s capital position into one of five categories ranging from well-capitalized to critically under-capitalized. For an institution the size of FHN to qualify as well-capitalized, Common Equity Tier 1, Tier 1 Capital, Total Capital, and Leverage capital ratios must be at least 6.5 percent, 8 percent, 10 percent, and 5 percent, respectively. As of September 30, 2018, each of FHN and FTBNA had sufficient capital to qualify as a well-capitalized institution. For both FHN and FTBNA, the risk-based regulatory capital ratios increased in third quarter 2018 relative to fourth quarter 2017 primarily due to the impact of net income, including the gain from the sale of FHN's remaining holdings of Visa Class B shares, less dividends declared during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in the ratios for FHN was partially offset by CBF dissenters' share cancellations and share repurchases during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The Tier 1 leverage ratio declined for both FHNC and FTBNA as average assets for leverage in the third quarter 2018 reflect the full impact of the CBF acquisition compared to only one month in fourth quarter 2017. During the remainder of 2018 and into 2019, capital ratios are expected to remain above well capitalized standards.
Common Stock Purchase Programs
Pursuant to board authority, FHN may repurchase shares of its common stock from time to time and will evaluate the level of capital and take action designed to generate or use capital, as appropriate, for the interests of the shareholders, subject to legal and regulatory restrictions. Two common stock purchase programs currently authorized are discussed below. FHN’s board has not authorized a preferred stock purchase program.
Table 9a—Issuer Purchases of Common Stock - General Authority
On January 23, 2018, FHN announced a $250 million share purchase authority with an expiration date of January 31, 2020. The program replaces an older program that was terminated at the same time with $189.7 million of remaining authority unused which was scheduled to expire on January 31, 2018. Purchases may be made in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions and are subject to market conditions, accumulation of excess equity, prudent capital management, and legal and regulatory restrictions. As of September 30, 2018, $19.0 million in purchases had been made under this authority at an average price per share of $17.84, or $17.82 excluding commissions.

(Dollar values and volume in thousands, except per share data) |  | Total number of shares purchased |  | Average price paid per share (a) |  | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced programs |  | Maximum approximate dollar value that may yet be purchased under the programs
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
July 1 to July 31 |  | 298 |  |  | $ | 17.46 |  |  | 298 |  |  | $ | 244,796 |
August 1 to August 31 |  | 288 |  |  | $ | 18.11 |  |  | 288 |  |  | $ | 239,572 |
September 1 to September 30 |  | 478 |  |  | $ | 17.91 |  |  | 478 |  |  | $ | 231,020 |
Total |  | 1,064 |  |  | $ | 17.84 |  |  | 1,064 |  |  |

(a) Represents total costs including commissions paid.
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Table 9b—Issuer Purchase of Common Stock - Compensation Authority
A consolidated compensation plan share purchase program was announced on August 6, 2004. This program consolidated into a single share purchase program all of the previously authorized compensation plan share programs as well as the renewal of the authorization to purchase shares for use in connection with two compensation plans for which the share purchase authority had expired. The total amount authorized under this consolidated compensation plan share purchase program, inclusive of a program amendment on April 24, 2006, is 29.6 million shares calculated before adjusting for stock dividends distributed through January 1, 2011. The authorization has been reduced for that portion which relates to compensation plans for which no options remain outstanding. The shares may be purchased over the option exercise period of the various compensation plans on or before December 31, 2023. Purchases may be made in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions and are subject to market conditions, accumulation of excess equity, prudent capital management, and legal and regulatory restrictions. On September 30, 2018, the maximum number of shares that may be purchased under the program was 25.2 million shares. Management currently does not anticipate purchasing a material number of shares under this authority during 2018.

(Volume in thousands, except per share data) |  | Total number of shares purchased |  | Average price paid per share |  | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced programs |  | Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the programs
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
July 1 to July 31 |  | 2 |  |  | $ | 17.77 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 25,193 |
August 1 to August 31 |  | 10 |  |  | $ | 18.41 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 25,182 |
September 1 to September 30 |  | — |  |  | N/A |  |  | — |  |  | 25,182 |
Total |  | 12 |  |  | $ | 18.31 |  |  | 12 |  |  |

Cancellation of Dissenters' Shares
On November 30, 2017, FHN completed its merger with CBF, which was a Delaware corporation. Under Delaware corporate law, each CBF shareholder had the right to dissent from the terms of the merger and obtain a judicial appraisal of the pre-merger value of his, her, or its CBF shares. If the dissent and appraisal process is followed to its conclusion, FHN is required by law to pay each dissenter the appraised value, entirely in cash. In 2017 certain CBF shareholders commenced the dissent and appraisal process. When the merger closed in 2017, FHN issued a total of 2,373,220 FHN common shares for those CBF shareholders in accordance with the terms of the merger agreement, but FHN set them aside for later delivery or cancellation. In April, 2018, the process reached a point where FHN canceled those set-aside shares. Cancellation resulted in a reduction in the equity consideration recorded by FHN and an increase in cash consideration of $46.0 million. The final appraisal or settlement amounts, as applicable, may differ from current estimates.
ASSET QUALITY
Loan Portfolio Composition
FHN groups its loans into portfolio segments based on internal classifications reflecting the manner in which the ALLL is established and how credit risk is measured, monitored, and reported. From time to time, and if conditions are such that certain subsegments are uniquely affected by economic or market conditions or are experiencing greater deterioration than other components of the loan portfolio, management may determine the ALLL at a more granular level. Commercial loans are composed of commercial, financial, and industrial (“C&I”) and commercial real estate (“CRE”). Consumer loans are composed of consumer real estate; permanent mortgage; and credit card and other. FHN has a concentration of residential real estate loans (24 percent of total loans), the majority of which is in the consumer real estate portfolio (23 percent of t otal loans). Industry concentrations are discussed under the heading C&I below.
Consolidated key asset quality metrics for each of these portfolios can be fou nd in Table 17 – Asset Q uality by Portfolio. Credit underwriting guidelines are outlined in Exhibit 13 to FHN’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, in the Loan Portfolio Composition discussion in the Asset Quality Section beginning on page 27 and continuing to page 46. FHN’s credit underwriting guidelines and loan product offerings as of September 30, 2018, are generally consistent with those reported and disclosed in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
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COMMERCIAL LOAN PORTFOLIOS
C&I
The C&I portfolio was $16.0 billion on September 30, 2018, and is comprised of loans used for general business purposes. Typical products include working capital lines of credit, term loan financing of owner-occupied real estate and fixed assets, and trade credit enhancement through letters of cr edit. The largest geographical concentrations of balances as of September 30, 2018, are in Tennessee (36 percent), North Carolina (11 percent), Florida (6 percent), Texas (6 percent), California (5 percent), and Georgia (4 percent), with no other state representing more than 3 percent of the portfolio.
The following table provides the composition of the C&I portfolio by industry as of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017. For purposes of this disclosure, industries are determined based on the North American Industry Classification System (“NAICS”) industry codes used by Federal statistical agencies in classifying business establishments for the collection, analysis, and publication of statistical data related to the U.S. business economy.
Table 10—C&I Loan Portfolio by Industry

|  | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Amount |  | Percent |  | Amount |  | Percent
Industry: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance & insurance |  | $ | 2,668,466 |  |  | 17 | % |  | $ | 2,859,769 |  |  | 18 | %
Loans to mortgage companies |  | 2,092,366 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 2,099,961 |  |  | 13 |
Real estate rental & leasing (a) |  | 1,372,597 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 1,408,299 |  |  | 9 |
Health care & social assistance |  | 1,250,442 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 1,201,285 |  |  | 7 |
Manufacturing |  | 1,202,305 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 1,184,861 |  |  | 7 |
Accommodation & food service |  | 1,157,339 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 1,145,944 |  |  | 7 |
Wholesale trade |  | 1,151,063 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 1,060,642 |  |  | 7 |
Retail trade |  | 797,980 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 831,790 |  |  | 5 |
Public administration |  | 739,926 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 705,704 |  |  | 4 |
Other (education, arts, entertainment, etc) (b) |  | 3,611,661 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 3,559,018 |  |  | 23 |
Total C&I loan portfolio |  | $ | 16,044,145 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 16,057,273 |  |  | 100 | %

(a) | Leasing, rental of real estate, equipment, and goods.

(b) | Industries in this category each comprise less than 5 percent for 2018.

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Industry Concentrations
Loan concentrations are considered to exist for a financial institution when there are loans to numerous borrowers engaged in similar activities that would cause them to be similarly impacted by economic or other conditi ons. 30 percent of FHN’s C&I portfolio (Finance and insurance plus Loans to mortgage companies) could be affected by items that uniquely impact the financial services in dustry. Except “Finance and Insurance” and “Loans to Mortgage Companies”, as discussed below, on September 30, 2018, FHN did not have any other concentrations of C&I loans in any single industry of 10 percent or more of total loans.
Finance and Insurance
The finance and insurance component represen ts 17 p ercent of the C&I portfolio and includes TRUPs (i.e., long-term unsecured loans to bank and insurance-related businesses), loans to bank holding companies, and asset-based lending to consumer finance companies. As of September 30, 2018, asset-based lending to consumer finance companies represents ap proximately $1.2 billion o f the finance and insurance component.
TRUPs lending was originally extended as a form of “bridge” financing to participants in the pooled trust preferred securitization program offered primarily to smaller banking (generally less than $15 billion in total assets) and insurance institutions through FHN’s fixed income business. Origination of TRUPs lending ceased in early 2008. Individual TRUPs are re-graded at least quarterly as part of FHN’s commercial loan review process. During second quarter 2018, FHN revised the grading approach associated with the TRUPs portfolio to align with its scorecard grading methodologies which resulted in upgrades to a majority of this portfolio. The terms of these loans generally include a scheduled 30 year balloon payoff and include an option to defer interest for up to 20 consecutive quarters. As of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, one TRUP relationship was on interest deferral.
During third quarter 2018, FHN sold three TRUP relationships with an unpaid principal balance ("UPB") of $55.5 million and valuation allowance of $5.0 million. Upon sale, FHN recognized a $3.8 million gain which is presented in the Non-Strategic segment within Fixed Income in the Consolidated Condensed Statement of Income. As of September 30, 2018, the UPB of trust preferred loans totaled $276.8 million ($193.0 million of bank TRUPs and $83.8 million of insurance TRUPs) with the UPB of other bank-related loans totaling $236.2 million. Inclusive of a valuation allowance on TRUPs of $20.5 million, total reserves (ALLL plus the valuation allowance) for TRUPs and other bank-related loans were $21.5 million or 4 percent of outstanding UPB.
Loans to Mortgage Companies
The balance of loans to mortgage companie s was 13 perce nt of the C&I portfolio as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, and includes balances related to both home purchase and refinance acti vity. In third quarter 2018, 77 percent of the loans funded were home purchases and 23 percent were refinance transactions. This portfolio c lass, which generally fluctuates with mortgage rates and seasonal factors, includes commercial lines of credit to qualified mortgage companies primarily for the temporary warehousing of eligible mortgage loans prior to the borrower’s sale of those mortgage loans to third party investors. Generally, lending to mortgage lenders increases when there is a decline in mortgage rates and decreases when rates rise.
C&I Asset Quality Trends
Overall, the C&I portfolio trends remain strong in 2018, continuing in line with recent historical performance. The C&I ALLL increased $2.1 million from December 31, 2017, to $100.3 million as of September 30, 2018. The allowance as a percentage of period-end loans increased to .63 percent as of September 30, 2018, from .61 percent as of December 31, 2017. Nonperforming C&I loans increased $11.0 million from December 31, 2017, to $42.1 million on September 30, 2018, primarily driven by one credit which was partially offset by payments, returns to accrual status, or other resolutions. The nonperforming loan (“NPL”) ratio increased 7 basis points from December 31, 2017, to .26 percent of C&I loans as of September 30, 2018. The 30+ delinquency ratio decreased 4 basis points to .15 percent as of September 30, 2018. Third quarter 2018 experienced net charge-offs of $.3 million compared to $3.1 million of net charge-offs in third quarter 2017. The following table shows C&I asset quality trends by segment.
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Table 11—C&I Asset Quality Trends by Segment

|  | 2018 |
|  | Three months ended |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Regional Bank |  | Non-Strategic |  | Consolidated |
Allowance for loan losses as of July 1 |  | $ | 95,526 |  |  | $ | 1,308 |  |  | $ | 96,834 |  |
Charge-offs |  | (1,391 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,391 | ) |
Recoveries |  | 1,044 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 1,052 |  |
Provision/(provision credit) for loan losses |  | 3,829 |  |  | (10 | ) |  | 3,819 |  |
Allowance for loan losses as of September 30 |  | $ | 99,008 |  |  | $ | 1,306 |  |  | $ | 100,314 |  |
Net charge-offs % (qtr. annualized) |  | 0.01 | % |  | NM |  | 0.01 | % |
Allowance / net charge-offs |  | 71.90 | x |  | NM |  | 74.66 | x |
|  | As of September 30 |
Period-end loans |  | $ | 15,675,188 |  |  | $ | 368,957 |  |  | $ | 16,044,145 |  |
Nonperforming loans |  | 39,188 |  |  | 2,936 |  |  | 42,124 |  |
Troubled debt restructurings |  | 39,346 |  |  | — |  |  | 39,346 |  |
30+ Delinq. % (a) |  | 0.15 | % |  | — | % |  | 0.15 | % |
NPL % |  | 0.25 |  |  | 0.80 |  |  | 0.26 |  |
Allowance / loans % |  | 0.63 |  |  | 0.35 |  |  | 0.63 |  |
|  | 2017 |
|  | Three months ended |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Regional Bank |  | Non-Strategic |  | Consolidated |
Allowance for loan losses as of July 1 |  | $ | 90,958 |  |  | $ | 1,421 |  |  | $ | 92,379 |  |
Charge-offs |  | (3,723 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3,723 | ) |
Recoveries |  | 586 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 601 |  |
Provision/(provision credit) for loan losses |  | 9,039 |  |  | (91 | ) |  | 8,948 |  |
Allowance for loan losses as of September 30 |  | $ | 96,860 |  |  | $ | 1,345 |  |  | $ | 98,205 |  |
Net charge-offs % (qtr. annualized) |  | 0.10 | % |  | NM |  | 0.10 | % |
Allowance / net charge-offs |  | 7.83 | x |  | NM |  | 7.97 | x |
|  | As of December 31 |
Period-end loans |  | $ | 15,639,060 |  |  | $ | 418,213 |  |  | $ | 16,057,273 |  |
Nonperforming loans |  | 28,086 |  |  | 3,067 |  |  | 31,153 |  |
Troubled debt restructurings |  | 17,670 |  |  | — |  |  | 17,670 |  |
30+ Delinq. % (a) |  | 0.20 | % |  | — | % |  | 0.19 | % |
NPL % |  | 0.18 |  |  | 0.73 |  |  | 0.19 |  |
Allowance / loans % |  | 0.62 |  |  | 0.33 |  |  | 0.61 |  |

NM—Not meaningful
Loans are expressed net of unearned income.

(a) | 30+ Delinquency % includes all accounts delinquent more than one month and still accruing interest.

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Commercial Real Estate
The CRE portfolio was $4.2 billion on September 30, 2018. The CRE portfolio includes both financings for commercial construction and nonconstruction loans. The largest geographical concentrations of bala nces as of September 30, 2018, are in North Carolina (32 percent), Tennessee (18 percent), Florida (15 percent), South Carolina (8 percent), Texas (6 percent), Georgia (6 percent), and Ohio (4 percent) with no other state representing more than 3 percent of the portfolio. This portfolio is segregated between the income-producing CRE class which contains loans, lines and letters of credit to commercial real estate developers for the construction and mini-permanent financing of income-producing real estate, and the residential CRE class. Subcategories of income CRE consist of multi-family (27 percent), retail (20 percent), office (18 percent), industrial (12 percent), hospitality (11 percent), land/land development (2 percent), and other (10 percent).
The residential CRE class includes loans to residential builders and developers for the purpose of constructing single-family homes, condominiums, and town homes, and on a limited basis, for developing residential subdivisions. Subsequent to the Capital Bank merger completed in 2017, active residential CRE lending is now primarily focused in certain FHN core markets. Nearly all new originations are to “strategic” clients. FHN considers a “strategic” residential CRE borrower as a homebuilder who demonstrates the ability to withstand cyclical downturns, maintains active development and investment activities providing for regular financing opportunities, and is fundamentally sound as evidenced by a prudent loan structure, appropriate covenants and recourse, and capable and willing sponsors in markets with positive homebuilding and economic dynamics.
CRE Asset Quality Trends
The CRE portfolio had continued stable performance as of September 30, 2018. The allowance increased $5.5 million from December 31, 2017, to $33.9 million as of September 30, 2018. The increase in allowance was driven by organic loan growth. Allowance as a percentage of loans increased 13 basis points from December 31, 2017, to .80 percent as of September 30, 2018. Nonperforming loans as a percentage of total CRE loans decreased to .02 percent as of September 30, 2018, from .03 percent at December 31, 2017. Accruing delinquencies as a percentage of period-end loans increased to .20 percent as of September 30, 2018 from .15 percent as of year-end 2017. Net recoveries were $.3 million in third quarter 2018 and third quarter 2017. The following table shows commercial real estate asset quality trends by segment.
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Table 12—Commercial Real Estate Asset Quality Trends by Segment

|  | 2018 |
|  | Three months ended |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Regional Bank |  | Non-Strategic |  | Consolidated |
Allowance for loan losses as of July 1 |  | $ | 33,832 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 33,832 |  |
Charge-offs |  | (9 | ) |  | — |  |  | (9 | ) |
Recoveries |  | 252 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 267 |  |
Provision/(provision credit) for loan losses |  | (160 | ) |  | (15 | ) |  | (175 | ) |
Allowance for loan losses as of September 30 |  | $ | 33,915 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 33,915 |  |
Net charge-offs % (qtr. annualized) |  | NM |  | NM |  | NM |
Allowance / net charge-offs |  | NM |  | NM |  | NM |
|  | As of September 30 |
Period-end loans |  | $ | 4,237,036 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,237,036 |  |
Nonperforming loans |  | 1,006 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,006 |  |
Troubled debt restructurings |  | 2,020 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,020 |  |
30+ Delinq. % (a) |  | 0.20 | % |  | — | % |  | 0.20 | % |
NPL % |  | 0.02 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.02 |  |
Allowance / loans % |  | 0.80 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.80 |  |
|  | 2017 |
|  | Three months ended |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Regional Bank |  | Non-Strategic |  | Consolidated |
Allowance for loan losses as of July 1 |  | $ | 30,470 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 30,470 |  |
Charge-offs |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Recoveries |  | 267 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 278 |  |
Provision/(provision credit) for loan losses |  | (1,054 | ) |  | (11 | ) |  | (1,065 | ) |
Allowance for loan losses as of September 30 |  | $ | 29,683 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 29,683 |  |
Net charge-offs % (qtr. annualized) |  | NM |  | NM |  | NM |
Allowance / net charge-offs |  | NM |  | NM |  | NM |
|  | As of December 31 |
Period-end loans |  | $ | 4,214,695 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,214,695 |  |
Nonperforming loans |  | 1,393 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,393 |  |
Troubled debt restructurings |  | 2,407 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,407 |  |
30+ Delinq. % (a) |  | 0.15 | % |  | — | % |  | 0.15 | % |
NPL % |  | 0.03 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.03 |  |
Allowance / loans % |  | 0.67 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.67 |  |

NM—Not meaningful
Loans are expressed net of unearned income.

(a) | 30+ Delinquency % includes all accounts delinquent more than one month and still accruing interest.

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CONSUMER LOAN PORTFOLIOS
Consumer Real Estate
The consumer real estate portfolio was $6.2 billion on September 30, 2018, and is primarily composed of home equity lines and installment loans including restrict ed balances (loans consolidated under ASC 810). The largest geographical concentrations of balances as of September 30, 2018, are in Tennessee (53 percent), North Carolina (15 percent), and Florida (13 percent), with no other state representing more than 3 percent of the portfolio. As of September 30, 2018, approximately 79 percent of the consumer real estate portfolio was in a first lien position. At origination, weighted average FICO score of this portfolio was 753 for September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and refreshed FICO scores averaged 751 for September 30, 2018, and 758 for December 31, 2017. G enerally, performance of this portfolio is affected by life events that affect borrowers’ finances, the level of unemployment, and home prices.
Home equity lines of credit (“HELOCs”) comprise $1.6 billion of the consumer real estate portfolio as of September 30, 2018. FHN’s HELOCs typically have a 5 or 10 year draw period followed by a 10 or 20 year repayment period, respectively. During the draw period, a borrower is able to draw on the line and is only required to make interest payments. The line is automatically frozen if a borrower becomes 45 days or more past due on payments. Once the draw period has concluded, the line is closed and the borrower is required to make both principal and interest payments monthly until the loan matures. The principal payment generally is fully amortizing, but payment amounts will adjust when variable rates reset to reflect changes in the prime rate.
As of September 30, 2018, approximat ely 71 pe rcent of FHN's HELOCs are in the draw period compared to approximately 72 percent as of December 31, 2017. Based on when draw periods are scheduled to end per the line agreement, it is expected that $408.5 million, or 36 percent o f HELOCs currently in the draw period, will enter the repayment period during the next 60 months. Delinquencies and charge-off rates for HELOCs that have entered the repayment period are initially higher than HELOCs still in the draw period because of the increased minimum payment requirement; however, after some seasoning, performance of these loans usually begins to stabilize. The home equity lines of the consumer real estate portfolio are being monitored closely for those nearing the end of the draw period and borrowers are initially being contacted at least 24 months before the repayment period begins to remind the customer of the terms of their agreement and to inform them of options. The following table shows the HELOCs currently in the draw period and expected timing of conversion to the repayment period.
Table 13—HELOC Draw To Repayment Schedule

|  | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Repayment Amount |  | Percent |  | Repayment Amount |  | Percent
Months remaining in draw period: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
0-12 |  | $ | 75,974 |  |  | 7 | % |  | $ | 138,333 |  |  | 10 | %
13-24 |  | 72,307 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 88,188 |  |  | 7 |
25-36 |  | 78,762 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 99,109 |  |  | 8 |
37-48 |  | 87,942 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 96,997 |  |  | 7 |
49-60 |  | 93,497 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 105,753 |  |  | 8 |
>60 |  | 714,919 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 792,723 |  |  | 60 |
Total |  | $ | 1,123,401 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 1,321,103 |  |  | 100 | %

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C onsumer Real Estate Asset Quality Trends
The overall performance of the consumer real estate portfolio remained strong in third quarter 2018 despite deterioration of some metrics compared to year-end. Specifically, the regional bank’s NPLs as a percentage of loans increased 23 basis points to .62 percent and the 30+ delinquencies increased 16 basis points as of September 30, 2018. The balance of nonperforming loans increased $8.7 million to $80.2 million on September 30, 2018, primarily driven by the alignment of CBF's and FTB's policies related to second liens behind delinquent or modified first liens. The non-strategic segment is a run-off portfolio and while the absolute dollars of delinquencies and nonaccruals as well as the 30+ accruing delinquencies ratio improved or remained flat compared to year-end, nonperforming loans ratios deteriorated and may become more skewed as the portfolio shrinks and some of the stronger borrowers payoff or refinance elsewhere. The ALLL decreased $10.8 million from December 31, 2017, to $26.5 million as of September 30, 2018, with the majority of the decline attributable to the non-strategic segment. The allowance as a percentage of loans declined 16 basis points to .43 percent as of September 30, 2018, compared to year-end. Loans delinquent 30 or more days and still accruing increased from $41.5 million as of December 31, 2017, to $45.6 million as of September 30, 2018. The portfolio realized net recoveries of $2.5 million in third quarter 2018 compared to net recoveries of $2.6 million in third quarter 2017. The following table shows consumer real estate asset quality trends by segment.
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Table 14—Consumer Real Estate Asset Quality Trends by Segment

|  | 2018 |
|  | Three months ended |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Regional Bank |  | Non-Strategic |  | Consolidated |
Allowance for loan losses as of July 1 |  | $ | 15,748 |  |  | $ | 16,021 |  |  | $ | 31,769 |  |
Charge-offs |  | (1,405 | ) |  | (1,396 | ) |  | (2,801 | ) |
Recoveries |  | 1,014 |  |  | 4,288 |  |  | 5,302 |  |
Provision/(provision credit) for loan losses |  | (1,249 | ) |  | (6,484 | ) |  | (7,733 | ) |
Allowance for loan losses as of September 30 |  | $ | 14,108 |  |  | $ | 12,429 |  |  | $ | 26,537 |  |
Net charge-offs % (qtr. annualized) |  | 0.03 | % |  | NM |  | NM |
Allowance / net charge-offs |  | 9.09 | x |  | NM |  | NM |
|  | As of September 30 |
Period-end loans |  | $ | 5,748,961 |  |  | $ | 442,222 |  |  | $ | 6,191,183 |  |
Nonperforming loans |  | 35,593 |  |  | 44,606 |  |  | 80,199 |  |
Troubled debt restructurings |  | 46,288 |  |  | 73,441 |  |  | 119,729 |  |
30+ Delinq. % (a) |  | 0.56 | % |  | 3.06 | % |  | 0.74 | % |
NPL % |  | 0.62 |  |  | 10.09 |  |  | 1.30 |  |
Allowance / loans % |  | 0.25 |  |  | 2.81 |  |  | 0.43 |  |
|  | 2017 |
|  | Three months ended |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Regional Bank |  | Non-Strategic |  | Consolidated |
Allowance for loan losses as of July 1 |  | $ | 17,881 |  |  | $ | 28,188 |  |  | $ | 46,069 |  |
Charge-offs |  | (1,492 | ) |  | (2,109 | ) |  | (3,601 | ) |
Recoveries |  | 1,105 |  |  | 5,083 |  |  | 6,188 |  |
Provision/(provision credit) for loan losses |  | (562 | ) |  | (7,155 | ) |  | (7,717 | ) |
Allowance for loan losses as of September 30 |  | $ | 16,932 |  |  | $ | 24,007 |  |  | $ | 40,939 |  |
Net charge-offs % (qtr. annualized) |  | 0.04 | % |  | NM |  | NM |
Allowance / net charge-offs |  | 11.04 | x |  | NM |  | NM |
|  | As of December 31 |
Period-end loans |  | $ | 5,774,466 |  |  | $ | 593,289 |  |  | $ | 6,367,755 |  |
Nonperforming loans |  | 22,678 |  |  | 48,809 |  |  | 71,487 |  |
Troubled debt restructurings |  | 44,375 |  |  | 84,520 |  |  | 128,895 |  |
30+ Delinq. % (a) |  | 0.40 | % |  | 3.06 | % |  | 0.65 | % |
NPL % |  | 0.39 |  |  | 8.23 |  |  | 1.12 |  |
Allowance / loans % |  | 0.28 |  |  | 3.53 |  |  | 0.59 |  |

Certain previously reported amounts have been reclassified to agree with current presentation.
NM—Not meaningful
Loans are expressed net of unearned income.

(a) | 30+ Delinquency % includes all accounts delinquent more than one month and still accruing interest.

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Permanent Mortgage
The permanent mortgage portfolio was $.3 billion on September 30, 2018. This portfolio is primarily composed of jumbo mortgages and one-time-close (“OTC”) completed construction loans in the non-st rategic segment that were originated through legacy businesses. The regional banking segment primarily includes recently acquired mortgage loans associated with FHN’s CRA initiatives. The corporate segment includes loans that were previously included in off-balance sheet proprietary securitization trusts. These loans were brought back into the loan portfolios at fair value through the execution of cleanup calls due to the relatively small balances left in the securitization and should continue to run-off. Appr oximately 18 percent of loan balances as of September 30, 2018, are in California, but the remainder of the portfolio is somewhat geographically diverse. Non-strategic and corporate segment run-off contributed to a majority of the $52.3 million decrease in permanent mortgage period-end balances from December 31, 2017, to September 30, 2018.
Permanent Mortgage Asset Quality Trends
The permanent mortgage portfolios within the non-strategic and corporate segments are run-off portfolios. As a result, asset quality metrics may become skewed as the portfolio shrinks and some of the stronger borrowers payoff or refinance elsewhere. The ALLL decreased $2.1 million to $13.5 million as of September 30, 2018, from December 31, 2017. TDR reserves (which are estimates of losses for the expected life of the loan) comprise 74 percent of the ALLL for the permanent mortgage portfolio as of September 30, 2018. Consolidated accruing delinquencies increased $1.6 million from year-end to $9.0 million as of September 30, 2018. Nonperforming loans decreased $4.1 million from December 31, 2017, to $22.3 million as of September 30, 2018. The portfolio e xperienced net recoveries of $.5 million in third quarter 2018 compared to net recoveries of $.4 million in third quarter 2017. The following table shows permanent mortgage asset quality trends by segment.
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Table 15—Permanent Mortgage Asset Quality Trends by Segment

|  | 2018
|  | Three months ended
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Regional Bank |  | Corporate (a) |  | Non-Strategic |  | Consolidated
Allowance for loan losses as of July 1 |  | $ | 2,478 |  |  | N/A |  | $ | 11,600 |  |  | $ | 14,078 |
Charge-offs |  | — |  |  | N/A |  | (15 | ) |  | (15 | )
Recoveries |  | — |  |  | N/A |  | 554 |  |  | 554 |
Provision/(provision credit) for loan losses |  | (12 | ) |  | N/A |  | (1,125 | ) |  | (1,137 | )
Allowance for loan losses as of September 30 |  | $ | 2,466 |  |  | N/A |  | $ | 11,014 |  |  | $ | 13,480 |
Net charge-offs % (qtr. annualized) |  | — | % |  | N/A |  | NM |  | NM
Allowance / net charge-offs |  | NM |  | N/A |  | NM |  | NM
|  | As of September 30
Period-end loans |  | $ | 113,935 |  |  | $ | 41,942 |  |  | $ | 191,177 |  |  | $ | 347,054 |
Nonperforming loans |  | 336 |  |  | 1,727 |  |  | 20,259 |  |  | 22,322 |
Troubled debt restructurings |  | 1,065 |  |  | 2,802 |  |  | 70,966 |  |  | 74,833 |
30+ Delinq. % (b) |  | 0.79 | % |  | 4.21 | % |  | 3.31 | % |  | 2.59 | %
NPL % |  | 0.29 |  |  | 4.12 |  |  | 10.60 |  |  | 6.43 |
Allowance / loans % |  | 2.16 |  |  | N/A |  | 5.76 |  |  | 3.88 |
|  | 2017
|  | Three months ended
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Regional Bank |  | Corporate (a) |  | Non-Strategic |  | Consolidated
Allowance for loan losses as of July 1 |  | $ | 1,981 |  |  | N/A |  | $ | 14,417 |  |  | $ | 16,398 |
Charge-offs |  | — |  |  | N/A |  | (173 | ) |  | (173 | )
Recoveries |  | — |  |  | N/A |  | 542 |  |  | 542 |
Provision/(provision credit) for loan losses |  | 287 |  |  | N/A |  | (1,335 | ) |  | (1,048 | )
Allowance for loan losses as of September 30 |  | $ | 2,268 |  |  | N/A |  | $ | 13,451 |  |  | $ | 15,719 |
Net charge-offs % (qtr. annualized) |  | — | % |  | N/A |  | NM |  | NM
Allowance / net charge-offs |  | NM |  | N/A |  | NM |  | NM
|  | As of December 31
Period-end loans |  | $ | 116,914 |  |  | $ | 53,556 |  |  | $ | 228,837 |  |  | $ | 399,307 |
Nonperforming loans |  | 427 |  |  | 2,157 |  |  | 23,806 |  |  | 26,390 |
Troubled debt restructurings |  | 941 |  |  | 3,637 |  |  | 80,216 |  |  | 84,794 |
30+ Delinq. % (b) |  | 0.35 | % |  | 3.98 | % |  | 2.12 | % |  | 1.85 | %
NPL % |  | 0.37 |  |  | 4.03 |  |  | 10.40 |  |  | 6.61 |
Allowance / loans % |  | 2.17 |  |  | N/A |  | 5.70 |  |  | 3.90 |

NM—Not meaningful
Loans are expressed net of unearned income.

(a) | An allowance has not been established for these loans as the valuation adjustment taken upon exercise of clean-up calls included expected losses.

(b) | 30+ Delinquency % includes all accounts delinquent more than one month and still accruing interest.

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Credit Card and Other
The credit card and other portfolio, which is primarily within the regional banking segment, was $.5 billion as of September 30, 2018, and primarily includes credit card receivables, automobile loans, and other consumer-related credits. The automobile loans, presented in the non-strategic segment, are a run-off portfolio of indirect auto loans acquired through the CBF acquisition. As a result, asset quality metrics within this portfolio may become skewed as the auto loan portfolio continues to shrink. The allowance increased $1.7 million from December 31, 2017, to $11.7 million as of September 30, 2018. Loans 30 days or more delinquent and accruing increased $1.0 million from December 31, 2017, to $8.7 million as of September 30, 2018. In third quarter 2018, FHN recognized $4.5 million of net charge-offs in the credit card and other portfolio, compared to $2.5 million in third quarter 2017. The following table shows credit card and other asset quality trends by segment.
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Table 16—Credit Card and Other Asset Quality Trends by Segment (a)

|  | 2018 |
|  | Three months ended |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Regional Bank |  | Non-Strategic |  | Consolidated |
Allowance for loan losses as of July 1 |  | $ | 8,888 |  |  | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | 8,949 |  |
Charge-offs |  | (3,852 | ) |  | (1,414 | ) |  | (5,266 | ) |
Recoveries |  | 654 |  |  | 150 |  |  | 804 |  |
Provision/(provision credit) for loan losses |  | 5,637 |  |  | 1,589 |  |  | 7,226 |  |
Allowance for loan losses as of September 30 |  | $ | 11,327 |  |  | $ | 386 |  |  | $ | 11,713 |  |
Net charge-offs % (qtr. annualized) |  | 3.01 | % |  | 4.47 | % |  | 3.32 | % |
Allowance / net charge-offs |  | 0.89 | x |  | 0.08 | x |  | 0.66 | x |
|  | As of September 30 |
Period-end loans |  | $ | 427,714 |  |  | $ | 103,082 |  |  | $ | 530,796 |  |
Nonperforming loans |  | 22 |  |  | 684 |  |  | 706 |  |
Troubled debt restructurings |  | 534 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 552 |  |
30+ Delinq. % (b) |  | 0.72 | % |  | 5.47 | % |  | 1.64 | % |
NPL % |  | 0.01 |  |  | 0.66 |  |  | 0.13 |  |
Allowance / loans % |  | 2.65 |  |  | 0.37 |  |  | 2.21 |  |
|  | 2017 |
|  | Three months ended |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Regional Bank |  | Non-Strategic |  | Consolidated |
Allowance for loan losses as of July 1 |  | $ | 11,917 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 11,941 |  |
Charge-offs |  | (3,100 | ) |  | (73 | ) |  | (3,173 | ) |
Recoveries |  | 617 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 671 |  |
Provision/(provision credit) for loan losses |  | 842 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 882 |  |
Allowance for loan losses as of September 30 |  | $ | 10,276 |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | 10,321 |  |
Net charge-offs % (qtr. annualized) |  | 2.83 | % |  | 1.14 | % |  | 2.80 | % |
Allowance / net charge-offs |  | 1.04 | x |  | 0.60 | x |  | 1.04 | x |
|  | As of December 31 |
Period-end loans |  | $ | 439,745 |  |  | $ | 180,154 |  |  | $ | 619,899 |  |
Nonperforming loans |  | 75 |  |  | 121 |  |  | 196 |  |
Troubled debt restructurings |  | 564 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 593 |  |
30+ Delinq. % (b) |  | 0.76 | % |  | 2.41 | % |  | 1.24 | % |
NPL % |  | 0.02 |  |  | 0.07 |  |  | 0.03 |  |
Allowance / loans % |  | 2.25 |  |  | 0.05 |  |  | 1.61 |  |

Certain previously reported amounts have been reclassified to agree with current presentation.
NM—Not meaningful
Loans are expressed net of unearned income.

(a) | In 3Q18, the acquired CBF indirect auto portfolio was retrospectively reclassed through 4Q17 from the Regional Banking segment to the Non-Strategic segment.

(b) | 30+ Delinquency % includes all accounts delinquent more than one month and still accruing interest.

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The following table provides additional asset quality data by loan portfolio:
Table 17—Asset Quality by Portfolio

|  | September 30 |  | December 31 |
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |
Key Portfolio Details |  |  |  |  |
C&I |  |  |  |  |
Period-end loans ($ millions) |  | $ | 16,044 |  |  | $ | 16,057 |  |
30+ Delinq. % (a) |  | 0.15 | % |  | 0.19 | % |
NPL % |  | 0.26 |  |  | 0.19 |  |
Charge-offs % (qtr. annualized) |  | 0.01 |  |  | 0.28 |  |
Allowance / loans % |  | 0.63 | % |  | 0.61 | % |
Allowance / net charge-offs |  | 74.66 | x |  | 2.52 | x |
Commercial Real Estate |  |  |  |  |
Period-end loans ($ millions) |  | $ | 4,237 |  |  | $ | 4,215 |  |
30+ Delinq. % (a) |  | 0.20 | % |  | 0.15 | % |
NPL % |  | 0.02 |  |  | 0.03 |  |
Charge-offs % (qtr. annualized) |  | NM |  | NM |
Allowance / loans % |  | 0.80 | % |  | 0.67 | % |
Allowance / net charge-offs |  | NM |  | NM |
Consumer Real Estate |  |  |  |  |
Period-end loans ($ millions) |  | $ | 6,191 |  |  | $ | 6,368 |  |
30+ Delinq. % (a) |  | 0.74 | % |  | 0.65 | % |
NPL % |  | 1.30 |  |  | 1.12 |  |
Charge-offs % (qtr. annualized) |  | NM |  | NM |
Allowance / loans % |  | 0.43 | % |  | 0.59 | % |
Allowance / net charge-offs |  | NM |  | NM |
Permanent Mortgage |  |  |  |  |
Period-end loans ($ millions) |  | $ | 347 |  |  | $ | 399 |  |
30+ Delinq. % (a) |  | 2.59 | % |  | 1.85 | % |
NPL % |  | 6.43 |  |  | 6.61 |  |
Charge-offs % (qtr. annualized) |  | NM |  | 0.10 |  |
Allowance / loans % |  | 3.88 | % |  | 3.90 | % |
Allowance / net charge-offs |  | NM |  | 37.67 | x |
Credit Card and Other |  |  |  |  |
Period-end loans ($ millions) |  | $ | 531 |  |  | $ | 620 |  |
30+ Delinq. % (a) |  | 1.64 | % |  | 1.24 | % |
NPL % |  | 0.13 |  |  | 0.03 |  |
Charge-offs % (qtr. annualized) |  | 3.32 |  |  | 2.30 |  |
Allowance / loans % |  | 2.21 | % |  | 1.61 | % |
Allowance / net charge-offs |  | 0.66 | x |  | 0.99 | x |

NM – Not meaningful
Loans are expressed net of unearned income.

(a) | 30+ Delinquency % includes all accounts delinquent more than one month and still accruing interest.

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Allowance for Loan Losses
Management’s policy is to maintain the ALLL at a level sufficient to absorb estimated probable incurred losses in the loan portfolio. The total allowance for loan losses decreased to $186.0 million on September 30, 2018, from $189.6 million on December 31, 2017. The ALLL as of September 30, 2018, reflects strong asset quality with the consumer real estate portfolio continuing to stabilize, historically low levels of net charge-offs, and declining non-strategic balances. The ratio of allowance for loan losses to total loans, net of unearned income, decreased 1 basis points to .68 percent on September 30, 2018, compared to December 31, 2017.
The provision for loan losses is the charge to or release of earnings necessary to maintain the ALLL at a sufficient level reflecting management’s estimate of probable incurred losses in the loan portfolio. There was a provision expense of $2.0 million recorded in third quarter 2018 compared to no recorded provision expense in third quarter 2017.
FHN expects asset quality trends to remain relatively stable for the near term if the economy continues to grow at the current pace. The C&I portfolio is expected to continue to show stable trends but short-term variability (both positive and negative) is possible primarily due to the size of the credits within this portfolio. The CRE portfolio metrics should be relatively consistent as FHN expects stable property values over the near term; however, oversupply of any CRE product type, changes in the lending environment, or economic uncertainty could result in decreased property values (which could happen abruptly). The remaining non-strategic consumer real estate and permanent mortgage portfolios should continue to steadily wind down. Asset quality metrics within non-strategic may become skewed as the portfolio continues to shrink. Continued stabilization in performance of the consumer real estate portfolio assumes an ongoing economic recovery as consumer delinquency and loss rates are correlated with life events that affect borrowers' finances, unemployment trends, and strength of the housing market.
Consolidated Net Charge-offs
Overall, net charge-offs continue to be at historical lows. Third quarter 2018 experienced net charge-offs of $1.5 million compared to $2.4 million of net charge-offs in third quarter 2017.
The commercial portfolio experienced $.1 million of net charge-offs in third quarter 2018 compared to $2.8 million of net charge-offs in third quarter 2017. In addition, the consumer real estate portfolio experienced net recoveries of $2.5 million in third quarter 2018 compared to $2.6 million of net recoveries during third quarter 2017. Permanent mortgage and credit card and other experienced net charge-offs of $3.9 million in third quarter 2018 compared to $2.1 million a year ago.
Nonperforming Assets
Nonperforming loans are loans placed on nonaccrual if it becomes evident that full collection of principal and interest is at risk, impairment has been recognized as a partial charge-off of principal balance due to insufficient collateral value and past due status, or on a case-by-case basis if FHN continues to receive payments but there are other borrower-specific issues. Included in nonaccruals are loans in which FHN continues to receive payments including residential real estate loans where the borrower has been discharged of personal obligation through bankruptcy, and second liens, regardless of delinquency status, behind first liens that are 90 or more days past due, are bankruptcies, or are TDRs. These, along with OREO, excluding OREO from government insured mortgages, represent nonperforming assets (“NPAs”).
Total nonperforming assets (including NPLs HFS) increased to $177.8 million on September 30, 2018, from $177.2 million on December 31, 2017. The nonperforming assets ratio (nonperforming assets excluding NPLs HFS to total period-end loans plus OREO and other assets) increased to .63 percent as of September 30, 2018, compared to .61 percent as of December 31, 2017. Portfolio nonperforming loans increased $15.7 million from December 31, 2017, to $146.4 million on September 30, 2018. The increase in nonperforming loans was primarily driven by the C&I and consumer real estate portfolios.
The ratio of the ALLL to NPLs in the loan portfolio was 1.27 times as of September 30, 2018, compared to 1.45 times as of December 31, 2017. Certain nonperforming loans in both the commercial and consumer portfolios are deemed collateral-dependent and are charged down to an estimate of collateral value less costs to sell. Because loss content has been recognized through a partial charge-off, typically reserves are not recorded.
Table 18 provides an activity rollforward of OREO balances for September 30, 2018 and 2017. The balance of OREO, exclusive of inventory from government insured mortgages, increased to $25.7 million as of September 30, 2018, f rom $7.9 millio n as of September 30, 2017, driven by the acquisition of CBF. In addition, FHN has executed sales of existing OREO and continued efforts to avoid foreclosures by restructuring loans and working with borrowers. Moreover, property values have stabilized which also affects the balance of OREO.
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Table 18—Rollforward of OREO

|  | Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Beginning balance |  | $ | 26,457 |  |  | $ | 7,038 |  |  | $ | 39,566 |  |  | $ | 11,235 |
Valuation adjustments |  | (776 | ) |  | (41 | ) |  | (2,198 | ) |  | (662 | )
New foreclosed property |  | 7,378 |  |  | 2,434 |  |  | 11,430 |  |  | 5,280 |
Disposals |  | (7,333 | ) |  | (1,554 | ) |  | (23,072 | ) |  | (7,976 | )
Ending balance, September 30 (a) |  | $ | 25,726 |  |  | $ | 7,877 |  |  | $ | 25,726 |  |  | $ | 7,877 |

(a) | Excludes OREO and receivables related to government insured mortgages of $3.5 million and $6.5 million as of September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

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The following table provides consolidated asset quality information for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, and as of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017:
Table 19—Asset Quality Information

|  | Three Months Ended September 30 |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance on July 1 |  | $ | 185,462 |  |  | $ | 197,257 |  |
Provision/(provision credit) for loan losses |  | 2,000 |  |  | — |  |
Charge-offs |  | (9,482 | ) |  | (10,670 | ) |
Recoveries |  | 7,979 |  |  | 8,280 |  |
Ending balance on September 30 |  | $ | 185,959 |  |  | $ | 194,867 |  |
Reserve for remaining unfunded commitments |  | 7,581 |  |  | 4,372 |  |
Total allowance for loan losses and reserve for unfunded commitments |  | $ | 193,540 |  |  | $ | 199,239 |  |
Key ratios |  |  |  |  |
Allowance / net charge-offs (a) |  | 31.20 | x |  | 20.55 | x |
Net charge-offs % (b) |  | 0.02 | % |  | 0.05 | % |
|  | As of September 30 |  | As of December 31 |
Nonperforming Assets by Segment (c) |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |
Regional Banking: |  |  |  |  |
Nonperforming loans (d) |  | $ | 76,145 |  |  | $ | 52,659 |  |
OREO (e) |  | 20,571 |  |  | 34,679 |  |
Total Regional Banking |  | 96,716 |  |  | 87,338 |  |
Non-Strategic: |  |  |  |  |
Nonperforming loans (d) |  | 68,485 |  |  | 75,803 |  |
Nonperforming loans held-for-sale net of fair value adjustment (d) |  | 5,675 |  |  | 6,971 |  |
OREO (e) |  | 5,155 |  |  | 4,887 |  |
Total Non-Strategic |  | 79,315 |  |  | 87,661 |  |
Corporate: |  |  |  |  |
Nonperforming loans (d) |  | 1,727 |  |  | 2,157 |  |
Total Corporate |  | 1,727 |  |  | 2,157 |  |
Total nonperforming assets (d) (e) |  | $ | 177,758 |  |  | $ | 177,156 |  |

Certain previously reported amounts have been reclassified to agree with current presentation.

(a) | Ratio is total allowance divided by annualized net charge-offs.

(b) | Ratio is annualized net charge-offs divided by quarterly average loans, net of unearned income.

(c) | In 3Q18, the acquired CBF indirect auto portfolio was retrospectively reclassed through 4Q17 from the Regional Banking segment to the Non-Strategic segment.

(d) | Excludes loans that are 90 or more days past due and still accruing interest.

(e) | Excludes OREO from government-insured mortgages.

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Table 19—Asset Quality Information (continued)

|  | As of September 30 |  | As of December 31 |
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |
Loans and commitments: |  |  |  |  |
Total period-end loans, net of unearned income |  | $ | 27,350,214 |  |  | $ | 27,658,929 |  |
Potential problem assets (a) |  | 266,412 |  |  | 327,214 |  |
Loans 30 to 89 days past due |  | 53,613 |  |  | 50,884 |  |
Loans 90 days past due (b) (c) |  | 41,479 |  |  | 41,568 |  |
Loans held-for-sale 30 to 89 days past due |  | 5,061 |  |  | 13,419 |  |
Loans held-for-sale 30 to 89 days past due—guaranteed portion (d) |  | 4,495 |  |  | 5,975 |  |
Loans held-for-sale 90 days past due (c) |  | 7,875 |  |  | 10,885 |  |
Loans held-for-sale 90 days past due—guaranteed portion (c) (d) |  | 7,772 |  |  | 9,451 |  |
Remaining unfunded commitments |  | $ | 10,829,303 |  |  | $ | 10,678,485 |  |
Key ratios |  |  |  |  |
Allowance / loans % |  | 0.68 | % |  | 0.69 | % |
Allowance / NPL |  | 1.27 | x |  | 1.45 | x |
NPA % (e) |  | 0.63 | % |  | 0.61 | % |
NPL % |  | 0.54 | % |  | 0.47 | % |

(a) | Includes past due loans.

(b) | Excludes loans classified as held-for-sale.

(c) | Amounts are not included in nonperforming/nonaccrual loans.

(d) | Guaranteed loans include FHA, VA, SBA, USDA, and GNMA loans repurchased through the GNMA buyout program.

(e) | Ratio is non-performing assets related to the loan portfolio to total loans plus OREO and other assets.

Past Due Loans and Potential Problem Assets
Past due loans are loans co ntractually past due as to interest or principal payments, but which have not yet been put on nonaccrual status. Loans in the portfolio that are 90 days or more past due and still accruing were $41.5 million on September 30, 2018, compared to $41.6 million on December 31, 2017. Loans 30 to 89 days past due increased to $53.6 million on September 30, 2018, from $50.9 million on December 31, 2017. The increase in past due loans was primarily driven by the consumer portfolios.
Potential problem assets represent those assets where information about possible credit problems of borrowers has caused management to have serious doubts about the borrower’s ability to comply with present repayment terms and includes loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing. This definition is believed to be substantially consistent with the standards established by the OCC for loans classified as substandard. Potential problem assets in the loan portfolio were $266.4 million on September 30, 2018, $327.2 million on December 31, 2017, and $280.4 million on September 30, 2017. The decrease in potential problem assets was due to a net decrease in classified commercial loans primarily driven by payoffs and upgrades. The current expectation of losses from potential problem assets has been included in management’s analysis for assessing the adequ acy of the allowance for loan losses.
Troubled Debt Restructuring and Loan Modifications
As part of FHN’s ongoing risk management practices, FHN attempts to work with borrowers when appropriate to extend or modify loan terms to better align with their current ability to repay. Extensions and modifications to loans are made in accordance with internal policies and guidelines which conform to regulatory guidance. Each occurrence is unique to the borrower and is evaluated separately. In a situation where an economic concession has been granted to a borrower that is experiencing financial difficulty, FHN identifies and reports that loan as a Troubled Debt Restructuring (“TDR”). See Note 4 – Loans for further discussion regarding TDRs and loan modifications.
On September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, FHN had $236.5 million and $234.4 million portfolio loans classified as TDRs, respectively. For TDRs in the loan portfolio, FHN had loan loss reserves of $28.4 million and $37.3 million, or 12 percent and 16 percent of TDR balances, as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Additionally, FHN
119

had $57.9 million and $63.2 million of HFS loans classified as TDRs as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
The following table provides a summary of TDRs for the periods ended September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:
Table 20—Troubled Debt Restructurings

(Dollars in thousands) |  | As of September 30, 2018 |  | As of December 31, 2017
Held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |
Permanent mortgage: |  |  |  |
Current |  | $ | 57,493 |  |  | $ | 63,891 |
Delinquent |  | 2,693 |  |  | 4,463 |
Non-accrual (a) |  | 14,647 |  |  | 16,440 |
Total permanent mortgage |  | 74,833 |  |  | 84,794 |
Consumer real estate: |  |  |  |
Current |  | 70,565 |  |  | 84,697 |
Delinquent |  | 2,163 |  |  | 1,975 |
Non-accrual (b) |  | 47,001 |  |  | 42,223 |
Total consumer real estate |  | 119,729 |  |  | 128,895 |
Credit card and other: |  |  |  |
Current |  | 542 |  |  | 544 |
Delinquent |  | 10 |  |  | 49 |
Non-accrual |  | — |  |  | — |
Total credit card and other |  | 552 |  |  | 593 |
Commercial loans: |  |  |  |
Current |  | 14,209 |  |  | 15,311 |
Delinquent |  | 322 |  |  | — |
Non-accrual |  | 26,835 |  |  | 4,766 |
Total commercial loans |  | 41,366 |  |  | 20,077 |
Total held-to-maturity |  | $ | 236,480 |  |  | $ | 234,359 |
Held-for-sale: |  |  |  |
Current |  | $ | 44,412 |  |  | $ | 43,455 |
Delinquent |  | 10,051 |  |  | 13,269 |
Non-accrual |  | 3,470 |  |  | 6,515 |
Total held-for-sale |  | 57,933 |  |  | 63,239 |
Total troubled debt restructurings |  | $ | 294,413 |  |  | $ | 297,598 |

(a) | Balances as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, include $3.7 million and $5.1 million, respectively, of discharged bankruptcies.

(b) | Balances as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, include $13.8 million and $13.4 million, respectively, of discharged bankruptcies.

RISK MANAGEMENT
There have been no significant changes to FHN’s risk management practices as described under “Risk Management” beginning on page 52 of Exhibit 13 to FHN’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
MARKET RISK MANAGEMENT
There have been no significant changes to FHN’s market risk management practices as described under “Market Risk Management” beginning on page 53 of Exhibit 13 to FHN’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
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Value-at-Risk (“VaR”) and Stress Testing
VaR is a statistical risk measure used to estimate the potential loss in value from adverse market movements over an assumed fixed holding period within a stated confidence level. FHN employs a model to compute daily VaR measures for its trading securities inventory. FHN computes VaR using historical simulation with a 1-year lookback period at a 99 percent confidence level and 1-day and 10-day time horizons. Additionally, FHN computes a Stressed VaR (“SVaR”) measure. The SVaR computation uses the same model but with model inputs reflecting historical data from a continuous 12-month period that reflects a period of significant financial stress appropriate for our trading securities portfolio.
A summary of FHN’s VaR and SVaR measures for 1-day and 10-day time horizons is as follows:
Table 21—VaR and SVaR Measures

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 |  | As of September 30, 2018
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Mean |  | High |  | Low |  | Mean |  | High |  | Low |  |
1-day |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
VaR |  | $ | 1,705 |  |  | $ | 2,660 |  |  | $ | 1,355 |  |  | $ | 1,733 |  |  | $ | 2,660 |  |  | $ | 1,148 |  |  | $ | 1,688 |
SVaR |  | 8,686 |  |  | 10,450 |  |  | 7,779 |  |  | 9,336 |  |  | 11,918 |  |  | 6,576 |  |  | 8,537 |
10-day |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
VaR |  | 3,289 |  |  | 4,129 |  |  | 2,697 |  |  | 3,685 |  |  | 4,589 |  |  | 2,601 |  |  | 3,480 |
SVaR |  | 22,773 |  |  | 27,665 |  |  | 19,153 |  |  | 25,863 |  |  | 32,343 |  |  | 19,153 |  |  | 22,478 |
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 |  | As of September 30, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Mean |  | High |  | Low |  | Mean |  | High |  | Low |  |
1-day |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
VaR |  | $ | 1,620 |  |  | $ | 3,310 |  |  | $ | 521 |  |  | $ | 1,450 |  |  | $ | 3,310 |  |  | $ | 521 |  |  | $ | 3,174 |
SVaR |  | 4,575 |  |  | 7,781 |  |  | 2,150 |  |  | 4,023 |  |  | 7,781 |  |  | 1,775 |  |  | 6,805 |
10-day |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
VaR |  | 4,112 |  |  | 8,039 |  |  | 870 |  |  | 3,538 |  |  | 8,039 |  |  | 870 |  |  | 6,302 |
SVaR |  | 15,021 |  |  | 22,511 |  |  | 7,833 |  |  | 13,390 |  |  | 24,550 |  |  | 4,916 |  |  | 18,602 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Year Ended December 31, 2017 |  | As of December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Mean |  | High |  | Low |  |
1-day |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
VaR |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,529 |  |  | $ | 3,310 |  |  | $ | 521 |  |  | $ | 1,287 |
SVaR |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,704 |  |  | 8,301 |  |  | 1,775 |  |  | 6,230 |
10-day |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
VaR |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,560 |  |  | 8,039 |  |  | 870 |  |  | 3,059 |
SVaR |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15,511 |  |  | 28,232 |  |  | 4,916 |  |  | 19,813 |

FHN’s overall VaR measure includes both interest rate risk and credit spread risk. Separate measures of these component risks are as follows:
Table 22—Schedule of Risks Included in VaR

|  | As of September 30, 2018 |  | As of September 30, 2017 |  | As of December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 1-day |  | 10-day |  | 1-day |  | 10-day |  | 1-day |  | 10-day
Interest rate risk |  | $ | 878 |  |  | $ | 2,192 |  |  | $ | 2,055 |  |  | $ | 8,334 |  |  | $ | 930 |  |  | $ | 2,084 |
Credit spread risk |  | 322 |  |  | 589 |  |  | 370 |  |  | 701 |  |  | 305 |  |  | 471 |

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The potential risk of loss reflected by FHN’s VaR measures assumes the trading securities inventory is static. Because FHN’s Fixed Income division procures fixed income securities for purposes of distribution to customers, its trading securities inventory turns over regularly. Additionally, Fixed Income traders actively manage the trading securities inventory continuously throughout each trading day. Accordingly, FHN’s trading securities inventory is highly dynamic, rather than static. As a result, it would be rare for Fixed Income to incur a negative revenue day in its fixed income activities of the level indicated by its VaR measurements.
In addition to being used in FHN’s daily market risk management process, the VaR and SVaR measures are also used by FHN in computing its regulatory market risk capital requirements in accordance with the Market Risk Capital rules. For additional information regarding FHN's capital adequacy refer to the "Capital" section of this MD&A.
FHN also performs stress tests on its trading securities portfolio to calculate the potential loss under various assumed market scenarios. Key assumed stresses used in those tests are:
Down 25 bps - assumes an instantaneous downward move in interest rates of 25 basis points at all points on the interest rate yield curve.
Up 25 bps - assumes an instantaneous upward move in interest rates of 25 basis points at all points on the interest rate yield curve.
Curve flattening - assumes an instantaneous flattening of the interest rate yield curve through an increase in short-term rates and a decrease in long-term rates. The 2-year point on the Treasury yield curve is assumed to increase 15 basis points and the 10-year point on the Treasury yield curve is assumed to decrease 15 basis points. Shifts in other points on the yield curve are predicted based on their correlation to the 2-year and 10-year points.
Curve steepening - assumes an instantaneous steepening of the interest rate yield curve through a decrease in short-term rates and an increase in long-term rates. The 2-year point on the Treasury yield curve is assumed to decrease 15 basis points and the 10-year point on the Treasury yield curve is assumed to increase 15 basis points. Shifts in other points on the yield curve are predicted based on their correlation to the 2-year and 10-year points.
Credit spread widening - assumes an instantaneous increase in credit spreads (the difference between yields on Treasury securities and non-Treasury securities) of 25 basis points.
Model Validation
Trading risk management personnel within Fixed Income have primary responsibility for model risk management with respect to the model used by FHN to compute its VaR measures and perform stress testing on the trading inventory. Among other procedures, these personnel monitor model results and perform periodic backtesting as part of an ongoing process of validating the accuracy of the model. These model risk management activities are subject to annual review by FHN’s Model Validation Group, an independent assurance group charged with oversight responsibility for FHN’s model risk management.
INTEREST RATE RISK MANAGEMENT
Except as disclosed below, there have been no significant changes to FHN's interest rate risk management practices as described under "Interest Rate Risk Management" beginning on page 55 of Exhibit 13 to FHN's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Net Interest Income Simulation Analysis
The information provided in this section, including the discussion regarding the outcomes of simulation analysis and rate shock analysis, is forward-looking. Actual results, if the assumed scenarios were to occur, could differ because of interest rate movements, the ability of management to execute its business plans, and other factors, including those presented in the Forward-Looking Statements section of this MD&A.
Management uses a simulation model to measure interest rate risk and to formulate strategies to improve balance sheet positioning, earnings, or both, within FHN’s interest rate risk, liquidity, and capital guidelines. Interest rate exposure is measured by forecasting 12 months of NII under various interest rate scenarios and comparing the percentage change in NII for each scenario to a base case scenario where interest rates remain unchanged. Assumptions are made regarding future balance sheet composition, interest rate movements, and loan and deposit pricing. In addition, assumptions are made about the
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magnitude of asset prepayments and earlier than anticipated deposit withdrawals. The results of these scenarios help FHN develop strategies for managing exposure to interest rate risk. While management believes the assumptions used and scenarios selected in its simulations are reasonable, simulation modeling provides only an estimate, not a precise calculation, of exposure to any given change in interest rates.
Based on a static balance sheet as of September 30, 2018, net interest income exposure over the next 12 months assuming a rate shock of plus 25 basis points, 50 basis points, 100 basis points, and 200 basis points is estimated to have a favorable variance of .92 percent, 1.78 percent, 3.33 percent, and 6.51 percent, respectively of base net interest income. A steepening yield curve scenario where long-term rates increase by 50 basis points and short-term rates are static, results in a favorable variance in net interest income of .57 percent of base net interest income. A flattening yield curve scenario where long-term rates decrease by 50 basis points and short-term rates are static, results in an unfavorable variance in net interest income of .83 percent of base net interest income. A rate shock of minus 25 basis points and minus 50 basis points results in an unfavorable variance in net interest income of .61 percent and 1.80 percent, respectivel y, of base net interest income. These hypothetical scenarios are used to create a risk measurement framework, and do not necessarily represent management’s current view of future interest rates or market developments.
The recent movement of short-term interest rates higher after a prolonged period of very low interest rates has had a positive effect on FHN's net interest income and net interest margin. Given recent strength in the economy, the upward trend in interest rates, and market expectations for higher rates in the future, FHN has employed a moderately asset sensitive position. While it is expected that rates will continue to move higher, the upward movement of rates during the past year has created the possibility that rates could decline in the future. FHN continues to monitor economic conditions and remains prepared to take any actions to mitigate exposure to falling interest rates should that occur. In addition, it is possible that interest rates continue to rise and that competitive pressures might cause FHN's deposit costs to rise faster than assumed in FHN's simulation analysis. If that were to occur, management believes FHN's asset sensitivity could moderate further.
CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AND ADEQUACY
There have been no significant changes to FHN's capital management practices as described under "Capital Management and Adequacy" on page 56 of Exhibit 13 to FHN's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
OPERATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT
There have been no significant changes to FHN's operational risk management practices as described under "Operational Risk Management" on page 57 of Exhibit 13 to FHN's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
COMPLIANCE RISK MANAGEMENT
There have been no significant changes to FHN's compliance risk management practices as described under "Compliance Risk Management" on page 57 of Exhibit 13 to FHN's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT
There have been no significant changes to FHN's credit risk management practices as described under "Credit Risk Management" beginning on page 57 of Exhibit 13 to FHN's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
LIQUIDITY RISK MANAGEMENT
ALCO also focuses on liquidity management: the funding of assets with liabilities of appropriate duration, while mitigating the risk of unexpected cash needs. ALCO and the Board of Directors have adopted a Liquidity Policy. The objective of the Liquidity Policy is to ensure that FHN meets its cash and collateral obligations promptly, in a cost-effective manner and with the highest degree of reliability. The maintenance of adequate levels of asset and liability liquidity should provide FHN with the ability to meet both expected and unexpected cash and collateral needs. Key liquidity ratios, asset liquidity levels and the amount available from funding sources are reported to ALCO on a regular basis. FHN’s Liquidity Policy establishes liquidity limits that are deemed appropriate for FHN’s risk profile.
In accordance with the Liquidity Policy, ALCO manages FHN’s exposure to liquidity risk through a dynamic, real time forecasting methodology. Base liquidity forecasts are reviewed by ALCO and are updated as financial conditions dictate. In addition to the baseline liquidity reports, robust stress testing of assumptions and funds availability are periodically reviewed. FHN maintains a contingency funding plan that may be executed, should unexpected difficulties arise in accessing funding that affects FHN, the industry as a whole, or both. Subject to market conditions and compliance with applicable regulatory requirements from time to time, funds are available from a number of sources including the available-for-sale securities
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portfolio, dealer and commercial customer repurchase agreements, access to the overnight and term Federal Funds markets, incremental borrowing capacity at the FHLB ($2.2 billion was available at September 30, 2018), brokered deposits, loan sales, syndications, and access to the Federal Reserve Banks.
Core deposits are a significant source of funding and have historically been a stable source of liquidity for banks. Generally, core deposits represent funding from a financial institution's customer base which provide inexpensive, predictable pricing. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insures these deposits to the extent authorized by law. Generally, these limits are $250 thousand per account owner for interest bearing and non-interest bearing accounts. The ratio of total loans, excluding loans HFS and restricted real estate loans, to core deposits was 100 percent on September 30, 2018 compared to 101 percent on December 31, 2017.
FHN also may use unsecured short-term borrowings as a source of liquidity. Currently, the largest concentration of unsecured borrowings is federal funds purchased from correspondent bank customers. These funds are considered to be substantially more stable than funds purchased in the national broker markets for federal funds due to the long, historical, and reciprocal nature of banking services provided by FHN to these correspondent banks. The remainder of FHN’s wholesale short-term borrowings is securities sold under agreements to repurchase transactions accounted for as secured borrowings with Regional Banking’s business customers or Fixed Income’s broker dealer counterparties.
Both FHN and FTBNA may access the debt markets in order to provide funding through the issuance of senior or subordinated unsecured debt subject to market conditions and compliance with applicable regulatory requirements. In 2014, FTBNA issued $400 million of fixed rate senior notes due in December 2019. In October 2015, FHN issued $500 million of fixed rate senior notes due in December 2020.
Both FHN and FTBNA have the ability to generate liquidity by issuing preferred equity, and (for FHN) by issuing common equity, subject to market conditions and compliance with applicable regulatory requirements. In January 2013, FHN issued $100 million of Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A. As of September 30, 2018, FTBNA and subsidiaries had outstanding preferred shares of $295.4 million, which are reflected as noncontrolling interest on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition.
Parent company liquidity is primarily provided by cash flows stemming from dividends and interest payments collected from subsidiaries. These sources of cash represent the primary sources of funds to pay cash dividends to shareholders and principal and interest to debt holders of FHN. The amount paid to the parent company through FTBNA common dividends is managed as part of FHN's overall cash management process, subject to applicable regulatory restrictions. Certain regulatory restrictions exist regarding the ability of FTBNA to transfer funds to FHN in the form of cash, common dividends, loans, or advances. At any given time, the pertinent portions of those regulatory restrictions allow FTBNA to declare preferred or common dividends without prior regulatory approval in an aggregate amount equal to FTBNA’s retained net income for the two most recent completed years plus the current year to date. For any period, FTBNA’s ‘retained net income’ generally is equal to FTBNA’s regulatory net income reduced by the preferred and common dividends declared by FTBNA. Excess dividends in either of the two most recent com pleted years may be offset with available retained net income in the two years immediately preceding it. Applying the dividend restrictions imposed under applicable federal rules as outlined above, the Bank's total amount available for dividends was $293.0 million as of October 1, 2018. Consequently, on that date the bank could pay common dividends up to that amount to its sole common stockholder, FHN, or to its preferred shareholders without prior regulatory approval. FTBNA declared and paid common dividends to FHN in fourth quarter 2018 in the amount of $185 million. Additionally, FTBNA declared preferred dividends in fourth quarter 2018, payable in January 2019. In second and third quarter 2018 FTBNA declared and paid common dividends to FHN in the amount of $90 million and $145 million, respectively. FTBNA applied for and received approval from the OCC to declare and pay common dividends to FHN in 2017 in the amount of $250 million. FTBNA also declared and paid preferred dividends in each quarter to date of 2018 and each quarter of 2017, with OCC approval as necessary.
Payment of a dividend to shareholders of FHN is dependent on several factors which are considered by the Board. These factors include FHN’s current and prospective capital, liquidity, and other needs, applicable regulatory restrictions, and also availability of funds to FHN through a dividend from FTBNA. Additionally, the Federal Reserve and the OCC generally require insured banks and bank holding companies to pay cash dividends only out of current operating earnings. Consequently, the decision of whether FHN will pay future dividends and the amount of dividends will be affected by current operating results. FHN paid a cash dividend of $.12 per common share on October 2, 2018, and in October 2018 the Board approved a $.12 per common share cash dividend payable on January 2, 2019, to shareholders of record on December 14, 2018. FHN paid a cash dividend of $1,550.00 per preferred share on October 10, 2018, and in October 2018 the Board approved a $1,550.00 per preferred share cash dividend payable on January 10, 2019, to shareholders of record on December 26, 2018.
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CASH FLOWS
The Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows provide information on cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. The level of cash and cash equivalents decreased $8.8 million during 2018 compared to an increase of $50.0 million in 2017. In 2018, cash used by financing and operating activities was more than cash provided by investing activities. In 2017, cash provided by financing activities more than offset cash used by operating and investing activities.
Net cash used in financing activities was $1.2 billion in 2018, driven by a decrease in short-term borrowings and to a lesser extent cash dividends paid, somewhat offset by an increase in deposits. The decrease in short-term borrowings was primarily the result of a decline in FHLB borrowings, which fluctuate largely based on loan demand, deposit levels and balance sheet funding strategies. Net cash used by operating activities was $130.8 million in 2018 largely driven by cash outflows of $964.2 million related to a net increase in loans HFS, as purchases of government guaranteed loans outpaced sales, including the sale of approximately $120 million UPB of subprime auto loans. These cash outflows were somewhat offset by a net decrease in fixed income trading activities of $372.4 million and favorably driven cash-related net income items. Net cash provided by investing activities was $1.3 billion in 2018, due in large part to a decrease in interest-bearing cash. Net decreases in the loan and AFS securities portfolios also favorably impacted investing cash flows in 2018. Additionally, proceeds from the sales of FHN's remaining Visa Class B shares, TRUPs loans and OREO during 2018 also favorably impacted cash flows during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Cash paid associated with the cancellation of common shares in connection with CBF dissenting shareholders and cash paid related to the divestiture of two branches negatively impacted investing cash flows during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $621.8 million in 2017, largely driven by an increase in short-term borrowings (primarily FHLB borrowings) used to fund loan growth, somewhat offset by a decline in market-indexed deposits. Net cash used by investing activities was $260.5 million in 2017, as loan growth and cash paid to acquire Coastal, was partially offset by a $459.8 million decrease in interest bearing cash. Net cash used by operating activities was $311.3 million in 2017. Operating cash decreased in 2017 primarily due to net cash outflows of $501.2 million related to fixed income trading activities and cash outflows of $90.8 million related to operating assets and liabilities, but were somewhat offset by favorably driven cash-related net income items.
REPURCHASE OBLIGATIONS, OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS, AND OTHER CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
Obligations from Legacy Mortgage Businesses
Overview
Prior to September 2008 FHN originated loans through its legacy mortgage business, primarily first lien home loans, with the intention of selling them. Sales typically were effected either as non-recourse whole loan sales or through non-recourse proprietary securitizations. Conventional conforming single-family residential mortgage loans were sold predominately to two government-sponsored entities, or "GSEs": Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Also, federally insured or guaranteed whole loans were pooled, and payments to investors were guaranteed through Ginnie Mae. Many mortgage loan originations, especially nonconforming mortgage loans, were sold to investors, or certificate-holders, predominantly through FH proprietary securitizations but also, to a lesser extent, through other whole loans sold to private non-Agency purchasers. FHN used only one trustee for all of its FH proprietary securitizations. In addition to FH proprietary securitization and other whole loan sales activities, FHN also originated and sometimes sold or securitized second-lien, line of credit, and government-insured mortgage loans.
For non-recourse loan sales, FHN has exposure: to indemnify underwriters of FH securitizations who are defending claims that they assert are based, at least in part, on FHN's breach of its representations and warranties made at closing to underwriters, the purchasers, and the trustee of FH proprietary securitizations; and to indemnify purchasers of other whole loans sold, or their assignees, asserting that FHN breached representations and warranties made in connection with the sales of those loans.
Repurchase and Make-Whole Obligations
As mentioned in Note 10 - Contingencies and Other Disclosures - starting in 2009 FHN received a high number of claims (primarily from GSEs, but to a lesser extent from purchasers of other whole loans sold) either to repurchase loans from the
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purchaser or to pay the purchaser to “make them whole” for economic losses incurred. FHN has not received a loan repurchase or make-whole claim from the FH proprietary securitization trustee.
Generally, FHN reviews each claim and private mortgage insurance ("MI") cancellation notice individually. FHN’s responses include appeal, provide additional information, deny the claim (rescission), repurchase the loan or remit a make-whole payment, or reflect cancellation of MI.
To date, FHN has resolved a substantial number of GSE claims through definitive resolution agreements ("DRAs") with the GSEs, while the remainder have been resolved on a loan-by-loan basis. Under each DRA, FHN remains responsible for repurchase obligations related to certain excluded defects (such as title defects and violations of the GSE’s Charter Act) and FHN continues to have loan repurchase or monetary compensation obligations under the DRAs related to private mortgage insurance rescissions, cancellations, and denials (with certain exceptions). FHN also has exposure related to loans where there has been a prior bulk sale of servicing, as well as certain other whole-loan sales. With respect to loans where there has been a prior bulk sale of servicing, FHN is not responsible for MI cancellations and denials to the extent attributable to the acts of the current servicer.
While large portions of repurchase claims from the GSEs were settled with the DRAs, comprehensive settlement of repurchase, make-whole, and indemnity claims with non-Agency claimants is not practical. Such claims that are not resolved by the parties can, and sometimes have, become litigation.
FH Proprietary Securitization Actions
FHN has potential financial exposure from FH proprietary securitizations outside of the repurchase/make-whole process. Several investors in certificates sued FHN and others starting in 2009, and several underwriters or other counterparties have demanded that FHN indemnify and defend them in securitization lawsuits. The pending suits generally assert that disclosures made to investors in the offer ing and sale of certificates were legally deficient. A number of those matters have settled or otherwise been resolved. On September 30, 2018, the remaining UPB of loans held in FH proprietary securitizations was $2.5 billion, comprised of $1.8 billion of Alt-A loans and $.7 billion of Jumbo loans. See Note 10 – Contingencies and Other Disclosures for a discussion of certain actions pending in relation to FH proprietary securitizations.
Servicing Obligations
As mentioned in Note 10 - Contingencies and Other Disclosures - FHN’s national servicing business was sold as part of the platform sale in 2008. A significant amount of mortgage servicing rights ("MSR") was sold at that time, and a significant amount was retained. The related servicing activities, including foreclosure and loss mitigation practices, not sold in 2008 were outsourced through two separate subservicing arrangements to the "2008 subservicer” and the "2011 subservicer". In fourth quarter 2013 and first quarter 2014, FHN sold and transferred a substantial majority of its remaining servicing obligations and servicing assets (including advances) to the 2011 subservicer. The servicing still retained by FHN is not significant and continues to be subserviced.
As servicer, FHN had contractual obligations to the owners of the loans (primarily GSEs) and securitization trustees to handle billing, custodial, and other tasks related to each loan. Each subservicer undertook to perform those obligations on FHN’s behalf during the applicable subservicing period, although FHN legally remained the servicer of record for those loans that were subserviced.
The 2008 subservicer has been subject to a consent decree, and entered into a settlement agreement, with regulators related to alleged deficiencies in servicing and foreclosure practices. The 2008 subservicer has made demands of FHN, under the 2008 subservicing agreement, to pay certain resulting costs and damages totaling $43.5 million. FHN disagrees with those demands and has made no payments. This disagreement has the potential to result in litigation and, in any such future litigation, the claim against FHN may be substantial.
As mentioned in Note 10—Contingencies and Other Disclosures—FHN has received a notice of indemnification claims from its 2011 subservicer, Nationstar Mortgage LLC, currently doing business as “Mr. Cooper.” The notice asserts several categories of indemnity obligations by FHN to Nationstar in connection with mortgage loans under the subservicing arrangement and under the purchase transaction. This matter currently is not in formal litigation, but litigation in the future is possible.
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Active Pipeline
FHN accumulates the amount of repurchase requests, make-whole claims, and certain other related claims into the “active pipeline.” The active pipeline includes the amount of claims for loan repurchase, make-whole payments, loans as to which MI has been canceled, and information requests from purchasers of loans originated and sold through FHN’s legacy mortgage banking business. Additionally, FHN is responsible for covering losses for purchasers to the extent there is a shortfall in MI insurance coverage (MI curtailment). MI curtailment requests are the largest portion of the active pipeline and are intended o nly to cover the shortfall in MI insurance proceeds; as a result, FHN's currently accrued loss from MI curtailments as a percentage of UPB is significantly lower than that of a repurchase or make-whole claim. On September 30, 2018, the active pipeline was $10.0 million, compared to $44.1 million on December 31, 2017.
At September 30, 2018, the active pipeline contained no loan repurchase or make-whole requests from the FH proprietary securitization trustee related to first lien mortgage loans based on claims related to breaches of representations and warranties related to origination.
Repurchase Accrual Methodology
Over the past several years FHN’s approach for determining the adequacy of the repurchase and foreclosure reserve has evolved, sometimes substantially, based on changes in information available. Repurchase/make-whole rates vary based on purchaser, vintage, and claim type. For those loans repurchased or covered by a make-whole payment, cumulative average loss severities range between 50 and 60 percent of the UPB.
Repurchase Accrual Approach
Repurchase/make-whole and damages obligations and estimates for probable incurred losses associated with loan populations excluded from the DRAs are significant components of FHN’s remaining repurchase liability as of September 30, 2018. Other components of that liability primarily relate to other whole loans sold, MI rescissions, and loans included in bulk servicing sales effected prior to the DRAs.
In determining the loss content of GSE loans subject to repurchase requests excluded from the DRAs (primarily loans included in bulk sales), FHN applies a vintage level estimate of loss to all loans sold to the GSEs that were not included in the settlements and which have not had a prior repurchase resolution. First, pre-payment, default, and claim rate estimates are applied by vintage to estimate the aggregate claims expected but not yet resolved. Historical loss factors for each sale vintage and repurchase rates are then applied to estimate total loss content. Loss content related to other whole loan sales is estimated by applying the historical average repurchase and loss severity rates to the current UPB in the active pipeline to calculate estimated losses attributable to the current pipeline. FHN then uses an internal model to calculate loss content by applying historical average repurchase and loss severity rates to historical average inflows. For purposes of estimating loss content, FHN also considers MI cancellations. When assessing loss content related to loans where MI has been canceled, FHN applies historical loss factors (including repurchase rates and loss severity ratios) to the total unresolved MI cancellations in the active pipeline, as well as applying these factors to historical average inflows to estimate loss content. Additionally, FHN identifies estimated losses related to MI curtailment requests. Management also evaluates the nature of claims from purchasers and/or servicers of loans sold to determine if qualitative adjustments are appropriate.
Repurchase and Foreclosure Liability
The repurchase and foreclosure liability is comprised of reserves to cover estimated loss content in the active pipeline, as well as estimated loss content related to certain known claims not currently included in the active pipeline. FHN compares the estimated probable incurred losses determined under the applicable loss estimation approaches described above for the respective periods with current reserve levels. Changes in the estimated required liability levels are recorded as necessary through the repurchase and foreclosure provision.
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The following table provides a rollforward of the legacy mortgage repurchase liability for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:
Table 23—Reserves for Repurchase and Foreclosure Losses

|  | Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Legacy Mortgage |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 32,223 |  |  | $ | 34,599 |  |  | $ | 33,556 |  |  | $ | 65,309 |
Provision/(provision credit) for repurchase and foreclosure losses |  | (562 | ) |  | (609 | ) |  | (886 | ) |  | (22,580 | )
Net realized losses |  | 174 |  |  | (124 | ) |  | (835 | ) |  | (8,863 | )
Balance on September 30 |  | $ | 31,835 |  |  | $ | 33,866 |  |  | $ | 31,835 |  |  | $ | 33,866 |

Other FHN Mortgage Exposures
At September 30, 2018, FHN had not accrued a liability for exposure for repurchase of first-lien loans related to FH proprietary securitizations arising from claims from the trustee that FHN breached its representations and warranties in FH proprietary securitizations at closing. FHN’s trustee is a defendant in lawsuits in which the plaintiffs have asserted that the trustee has duties to review loans and otherwise to act against FHN outside of the duties specified in the applicable trust documents; FHN is not a defendant and is not able to assess what, if any, exposure FHN may have as a result of them.
FHN is defending, directly or as indemnitor, certain pending lawsuits brought by purchasers of certificates in FH proprietary securitizations or their assignees. FHN believes a new lawsuit based on federal securities claims that offering disclosures were deficient cannot be brought at this time due to the running of applicable limitation periods, but other investor claims, based on other legal theories, might still be possible. Due to the sales of MSR from 2008 through 2014, FHN has limited visibility into current loan information such as principal payoffs, refinance activity, delinquency trends, and loan modification activity.
Many non-GSE purchasers of whole loans from FHN included those loans in their own securitizations. Regarding such other whole loans sold, FHN made representations and warranties concerning the loans and provided indemnity covenants to the purchaser/securitizer. Typically, the purchaser/securitizer assigned key contractual rights against FHN to the securitization trustee. As mentioned above, repurchase, make-whole, indemnity, and other monetary claims related to specific loans are included in the active pipeline and repurchase reserve. In addition, currently the following categories of actions are pending which involve FHN and other whole loans sold: (i) FHN has received indemnification requests from purchasers of loans or their assignees in cases where FHN is not a defendant; (ii) FHN has received subpoenas seeking loan reviews in cases where FHN is not a defendant; and (iii) FHN has received repurchase, indemnity, and other demands from purchasers or their assignees. At September 30, 2018, FHN’s repurchase and foreclosure liability included certain known exposures from other whole loans sold.
MARKET UNCERTAINTIES AND PROSPECTIVE TRENDS
FHN’s future results could be affected both positively and negatively by several known trends. Key among those are FHN’s strategic initiatives, changes in the U.S. economy and outlook, government actions affecting interest rates, and potential changes in federal policies. In addition, legacy matters in the non-strategic segment could continue to impact FHN’s quarterly results in ways which are both difficult to predict and unrelated to current operations.
FHN has prioritized expense discipline to include reducing or controlling certain expenses including realization of expense efficiencies from the merger with CBF and investing in revenue-producing activities and critical infrastructure. FHN remains committed to organic growth through customer retention, key hires, targeted incentives, and other traditional means.
Performance by FHN, and the entire U.S. financial services industry, is affected considerably by the overall health of the U.S. economy. The most recent recession ended in 2009. Growth during the economic expansion since 2009 for many years was muted, compared to earlier recoveries, and somewhat inconsistent from one quarter to the next. Though the economic expansion is over 8 years old, currently the U.S. economy does not appear to be weakening or falling back into recession. In
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fact, starting in 2017, many aspects of the economy have strengthened. A continuation of the current expansion would support, rather than hinder, future loan and other financial activity growth.
Starting in 2015, the Federal Reserve has shown a willingness to raise rates in a measured fashion depending on economic data and trends. If the Fed continues to raise rates, FHN’s net interest margin in the future is likely to continue an improving trend. However, in many instances long-term rates have not risen as much or as quickly as short-term rates, resulting in a flatter yield curve and adverse pressure on net interest margin and our fixed income business. Moreover, if future economic data shows a risk of lower growth or recession, interest rates may stall or even fall, which likely would adversely impact FHN’s net interest margin. Falling and/or moderately volatile interest rates, however, should enhance activity within FHN’s Fixed Income business.
FHN cannot predict the timing, resolution and effects of potential new legislation. The potential legislative actions which currently seem the most likely to be impactful to FHN include general regulatory reform and financial regulatory reform, both of which can affect the overall economy and FHN customers.
Lastly, while FHN has made significant progress in resolving matters from the legacy mortgage business, some matters remain unresolved. The timing or financial impact of resolution of these matters cannot be predicted with accuracy. Accordingly, the non-strategic segment is expected to occasionally and unexpectedly impact FHN’s overall quarterly results negatively or positively with reserve accruals or releases. Also, although new legacy matters of significance arise at a much slower pace than in years past and some formerly common legal claims no longer can be made due to the passage of time, potential for new legacy matters remains.
Foreclosure Practices
FHN retains exposure for potential deficiencies in servicing related to its legacy servicing business and subservicing arrangements. Further details regarding these legacy matters are provided in “Obligations from Legacy Mortgage Businesses – Overview – Servicing Obligations” under “Repurchase Obligations, Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, and Other Contractual Obligations.”
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
There have been no significant changes to FHN’s critical accounting policies as described in “Critical Accounting Policies” beginning on page 67 of Exhibit 13 to FHN’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
ACCOUNTING CHANGES ISSUED BUT NOT CURRENTLY EFFECTIVE
Refer to Note 1 – Financial Information for a detail of accounting standards that have been issued but are not currently effective, which section is incorporated into MD&A by this reference.
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NON-GAAP INFORMATION
The following table provides a reconciliation of non-GAAP items presented in this MD&A to the most comparable GAAP presentation:
Table 24—Non-GAAP to GAAP Reconciliation

| Three Months Ended September 30 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30
(Dollars in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Average Tangible Common Equity (Non-GAAP) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average total equity (GAAP) | $ | 4,611,302 |  |  | $ | 2,866,757 |  |  | $ | 4,579,391 |  |  | $ | 2,789,726 |
Less: Average noncontrolling interest (a) | 295,431 |  |  | 295,431 |  |  | 295,431 |  |  | 295,431 |
Less: Average preferred stock (a) | 95,624 |  |  | 95,624 |  |  | 95,624 |  |  | 95,624 |
(A) Total average common equity | $ | 4,220,247 |  |  | $ | 2,475,702 |  |  | $ | 4,188,336 |  |  | $ | 2,398,671 |
Less: Average intangible assets (GAAP) (b) | 1,572,886 |  |  | 280,575 |  |  | 1,570,139 |  |  | 258,138 |
(B) Average Tangible Common Equity (Non-GAAP) | $ | 2,647,361 |  |  | $ | 2,195,127 |  |  | $ | 2,618,197 |  |  | $ | 2,140,533 |
Net Income Available to Common Shareholders |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(C) Net income available to common shareholders (annualized) (GAAP) | $ | 1,072,318 |  |  | $ | 267,148 |  |  | $ | 591,617 |  |  | $ | 283,652 |
Ratios |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(C)/(A) Return on average common equity (“ROE”) (GAAP) (c) | 25.41 | % |  | 10.79 | % |  | 14.13 | % |  | 11.83 | %
(C)/(B) Return on average tangible common equity (“ROTCE”) (Non-GAAP) (d) | 40.51 |  |  | 12.17 |  |  | 22.60 |  |  | 13.25 |

(a)Included in Total equity on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition.
(b)Includes Goodwill and other intangible assets, net of amortization.
(c)Ratio is annualized net income available to common shareholders to average common equity.
(d)Ratio is annualized net income available to common shareholders to average tangible common equity.
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Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

The information called for by this item is contained in

(a) | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included as Item 2 of Part I of this report, including in particular the section entitled “Risk Management” beginning on page 120 of this report and the subsections entitled “Market Risk Management” beginning on page 120 and “Interest Rate Risk Management” beginning on page 122 of this report, and

(b) | Note 14 to the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements appearing on pages 56-62 of this report,

all of which materials are incorporated herein by reference. For additional information concerning market risk and our management of it, refer to: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations appearing in Exhibit 13 to FHN’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, including in particular the section entitled “Risk Management” beginning on page 52 of that Report and the subsections entitled “Market Risk Management” beginning on page 53 and “Interest Rate Risk Management” appearing on pages 55-56 of that Report; and Note 22 to the Consolidated Financial Statements appearing on pages 163-169 of Exhibit 13 to FHN’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Item 4. | Controls and Procedures

(a) | Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. FHN’s management, with the participation of FHN’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of FHN’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report. Based on that evaluation, the chief executive officer and the chief financial officer have concluded that FHN’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

(b) | Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There have not been any changes in FHN’s internal control over financial reporting during FHN’s last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, FHN’s internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II.
OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1 | Legal Proceedings

The “Contingencies” section of Note 10 to the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements beginning on page 39 of this report is incorporated into this Item by reference.

Item 1A | Risk Factors

Not applicable

Item 2 | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

| (a) & (b) | Not Applicable |  |
| (c) | The "Common Stock Purchase Programs” section including tables 9(a) and 9(b) and explanatory discussions included in Item 2 of Part I of this report under the heading “First Horizon National Corporation Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” beginning on page 101 of this report, is incorporated herein by reference.
|  | Although technically not called for by this Item, the disclosure under the caption "Cancellation of Dissenters' Shares," appearing on page 102 of this report, also is incorporated into this Item by reference.

Items 3, 4, and 5
Not applicable
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Item 6. | Exhibits

(a) Exhibits
Exhibits marked * represent management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements required to be identified as such and filed as exhibits.
Exhibits marked ** are “furnished” pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and are not “filed” as part of this Report or as a separate disclosure document.
Exhibits marked *** contain or consist of interactive data file information which is unaudited and unreviewed.
In many agreements filed as exhibits, each party makes representations and warranties to other parties. Those representations and warranties are made only to and for the benefit of those other parties in the context of a business contract. Such representations and warranties may be partially or fully waived by such parties, or not enforced by such parties, in their discretion. No such representation or warranty may be relied upon by any other person for any purpose.

Exhibit | Description
3.1 | Bylaws of FHN, as amended and restated October 23, 2018, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to FHN's Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 23, 2018
4 | FHN agrees to furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request a copy of each instrument defining the rights of the holders of the senior and subordinated long-term debt of FHN and its consolidated subsidiaries.
10.1 | Rate Applicable to Participating Directors and Executive Officers under the Directors and Executives Deferred Compensation Plan
31(a) | Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications of CEO (pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002)
31(b) | Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications of CFO (pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002)
32(a)** | 18 USC 1350 Certifications of CEO (pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002)
32(b)** | 18 USC 1350 Certifications of CFO (pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002)
101*** | The following financial information from First Horizon National Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2018, formatted in XBRL: (i) Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017; (ii) Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017; (iii) Consolidated Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017; (iv) Consolidated Condensed Statements of Equity for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017; (v) Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017; (vi) Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.
101.INS*** | XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*** | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL*** | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.LAB*** | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE*** | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
101.DEF*** | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | FIRST HORIZON NATIONAL CORPORATION (Registrant)
Date: November 7, 2018 |  | By: |  | /s/ William C. Losch III
|  | Name: |  | William C. Losch III
|  | Title: |  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
|  |  |  | (Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer)

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