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Allowance for Credit Losses | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable, Gross, Allowance, and Net [Abstract] |
Allowance for Credit Losses | Allowance for Credit Losses Management's estimate of expected credit losses in the loan and lease portfolios is recorded in the ALLL and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments, collectively referred to as the Allowance for Credit Losses, or the ACL. See Note 1 - Significant Accounting Policies for further discussion of FHN's ACL methodology. The ACL is maintained at a level management believes to be appropriate to absorb expected lifetime credit losses over the contractual life of the loan and lease portfolio and unfunded lending commitments. The determination of the ACL is based on periodic evaluation of the loan and lease portfolios and unfunded lending commitments considering a number of relevant underling factors, including key assumptions and evaluation of quantitative and qualitative information. The expected loan losses are the product of multiplying FHN’s estimates of probability of default (PD), loss given default (LGD), and individual loan level exposure at default (EAD), including amortization and prepayment assumptions, on an undiscounted basis. FHN uses models or assumptions to develop the expected loss forecasts, which incorporate multiple macroeconomic forecasts over a four-year reasonable and supportable forecast period. After the reasonable and supportable forecast period, the Company immediately reverts to its historical loss averages, evaluated over the historical observation period, for the remaining estimated life of the loans. In order to capture the unique risks of the loan portfolio within the PD, LGD, and prepayment models, FHN segments the portfolio into pools, generally incorporating loan grades for commercial loans. As there can be no certainty that actual economic performance will precisely follow any specific macroeconomic forecast, FHN uses qualitative adjustments where current loan characteristics or current or forecasted economic conditions differ from historical periods. The evaluation of quantitative and qualitative information is performed through assessments of groups of assets that share similar risk characteristics and certain individual loans and leases that do not share similar risk characteristics with the collective group. As described in Note 3 - Loans and Leases, loans are grouped generally by product type and significant loan portfolios are assessed for credit losses using analytical or statistical models. The quantitative component utilizes economic forecast information as its foundation, and is primarily based on analytical models that use known or estimated data as of the balance sheet date and forecasted data over the reasonable and supportable period. The ACL is also affected by qualitative factors that FHN considers to reflect current judgment of various events and risks that are not measured in the quantitative calculations, including alternative economic forecasts. In accordance with its accounting policy elections, FHN does not recognize a separate allowance for expected credit losses for AIR and records reversals of AIR as reductions of interest income. FHN reverses previously accrued but uncollected interest when an asset is placed on nonaccrual status. AIR and the related allowance for expected credit losses is included as a component of other assets. The total amount of interest reversals from loans placed on nonaccrual status and the amount of income recognized on nonaccrual loans during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 were not material. Expected credit losses for unfunded commitments are estimated for periods where the commitment is not unconditionally cancellable. The measurement of expected credit losses for unfunded commitments mirrors that of loans and leases with the additional estimate of future draw rates (timing and amount). The increase in the ACL balance as of December 31, 2023 as compared to December 31, 2022 largely reflects loan growth during the period, an evolving macroeconomic outlook, and modest grade migration. In developing credit loss estimates for its loan and lease portfolios, FHN utilized a baseline and a downside forecast scenario from Moody’s for its macroeconomic inputs. As of December 31, 2023, among other things, FHN's scenario selection process factored in the outlook for production, inflation, interest rates, employment, real estate prices, and international conflict. FHN selected one scenario as its base case, which was the Moody's baseline scenario. The heaviest weight was placed on this scenario. A smaller weight was placed on the FHN-selected downside scenario. Management also made qualitative adjustments to reflect estimated recoveries based on a review of prior charge off and recovery levels, for default risk associated with large balances with individual borrowers, for estimated loss amounts not reflected in historical factors due to specific portfolio risk, and for instances where limited data for acquired loans is considered to affect modeled results. The following table provides a rollforward of the ALLL and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments by portfolio type for December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021: Table 8.4.1 ROLLFORWARD OF ALLL & RESERVE FOR UNFUNDED LENDING COMMITMENTS
(Dollars in millions) |  | Commercial, Financial, and Industrial (a) |  | Commercial Real Estate |  | Consumer Real Estate |  | Credit Card and Other |  | Total
Allowance for loan and lease losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as of January 1, 2023 |  | $ | 308 |  |  | $ | 146 |  |  | $ | 200 |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 685 |
Adoption of ASU 2022-02 (b) |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | (7) |  |  | — |  |  | (6) |
Charge-offs (c) |  | (156) |  |  | (17) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (22) |  |  | (199) |
Recoveries |  | 14 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 29 |
Provision for loan and lease losses |  | 172 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 264 |
Balance as of December 31, 2023 |  | 339 |  |  | 172 |  |  | 233 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 773 |
Reserve for remaining unfunded commitments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as of January 1, 2023 |  | 55 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 87 |
Provision for unfunded lending commitments |  | (6) |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | (4) |
Balance as of December 31, 2023 |  | 49 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | 83 |
Allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 388 |  |  | $ | 194 |  |  | $ | 245 |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 856 |
Allowance for loan and lease losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as of January 1, 2022 |  | $ | 334 |  |  | $ | 154 |  |  | $ | 163 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 670 |
Charge-offs |  | (62) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (5) |  |  | (25) |  |  | (93) |
Recoveries |  | 9 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 34 |
Provision for loan and lease losses |  | 27 |  |  | (8) |  |  | 23 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 74 |
Balance as of December 31, 2022 |  | 308 |  |  | 146 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 685 |
Reserve for remaining unfunded commitments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as of January 1, 2022 |  | 46 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 66 |
Provision for unfunded lending commitments |  | 9 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |
Balance as of December 31, 2022 |  | 55 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 87 |
Allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2022 |  | $ | 363 |  |  | $ | 168 |  |  | $ | 210 |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 772 |
Allowance for loan and lease losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as of January 1, 2021 |  | $ | 453 |  |  | $ | 242 |  |  | $ | 242 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 963 |
Charge-offs |  | (34) |  |  | (5) |  |  | (5) |  |  | (15) |  |  | (59) |
Recoveries |  | 21 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 57 |
Provision for loan and lease losses |  | (106) |  |  | (88) |  |  | (101) |  |  | 4 |  |  | (291) |
Balance as of December 31, 2021 |  | 334 |  |  | 154 |  |  | 163 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 670 |
Reserve for remaining unfunded commitments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance as of January 1, 2021 |  | 65 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 85 |
Provision for unfunded lending commitments |  | (19) |  |  | 2 |  |  | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | (19) |
Balance as of December 31, 2021 |  | 46 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 66 |
Allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2021 |  | $ | 380 |  |  | $ | 166 |  |  | $ | 171 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 736 |
(a) C&I loans as of December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 include $29 million, $76 million, and $1.0 billion in PPP loans, respectively, which due to the government guarantee and forgiveness provisions are considered to have no credit risk and therefore have no allowance for loan and lease losses. (b) See Note 1 for additional information. (c) Charge-offs in the C&I portfolio in 2023 include $72 million from a single credit from a company in bankruptcy. The following table represents gross charge-offs by year of origination for the year ended December 31, 2023: Table 8.4.2
GROSS CHARGE-OFFS
(Dollars in millions) |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Prior to 2019 |  | Revolving Loans |  | Total
C&I |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 156 |
CRE |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | 17 |
Consumer real estate |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
Credit card and other |  | 12 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 22 |
Total |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 199 |

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