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BUSINESS OPTIMIZATION CHARGES | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract] |
BUSINESS OPTIMIZATION CHARGES |
BUSINESS OPTIMIZATION CHARGES
In recent years, we have undertaken actions to transform our cost structure and enhance operational efficiency. These efforts include restructuring the organization, optimizing the manufacturing footprint, R&D operations and supply chain network, employing disciplined cost management and centralizing and streamlining certain support functions. From the commencement of our business optimization activities in the second half of 2015 through December 31, 2022, we have incurred cumulative pre-tax costs of approximately $1.4 billion related to these actions. These costs consisted primarily of employee termination costs, implementation costs, contract termination costs, asset impairments and accelerated depreciation. We currently expect to incur additional pre-tax cash costs of approximately $46 million through the completion of the initiatives that are currently underway. We continue to pursue cost savings initiatives, including those related to our integration of Hillrom, and, to the extent further cost savings opportunities are identified, we would incur additional restructuring charges and costs to implement business optimization programs in future periods. We recorded the following charges related to business optimization programs in 2022, 2021, and 2020:
years ended December 31 (in millions) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020
Restructuring charges | $ | 163 |  | $ | 91 |  | $ | 111 |
Costs to implement business optimization programs | 62 |  | 23 |  | 23 |
Total business optimization charges | $ | 225 |  | $ | 114 |  | $ | 134 |
For segment reporting, business optimization charges are unallocated expenses. Costs to implement business optimization programs for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, consisted primarily of external consulting and transition costs, including employee compensation and related costs. The costs were primarily included within cost of sales, SG&A expense and R&D expense. During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, we recorded the following restructuring charges:
| 2022
(in millions) | COGS | SG&A | R&D | Total
Employee termination costs | $ | 24 |  | $ | 102 |  | $ | 3 |  | $ | 129 |
Contract termination and other costs | — |  | 22 |  | — |  | 22 |
Asset impairments | 2 |  | 10 |  | — |  | 12 |
Total restructuring charges | $ | 26 |  | $ | 134 |  | $ | 3 |  | $ | 163 |
| 2021
(in millions) | COGS | SG&A | R&D | Total
Employee termination costs | $ | 37 |  | $ | 35 |  | $ | 1 |  | $ | 73 |
Contract termination and other costs | — |  | 2 |  | — |  | 2 |
Asset impairments | 16 |  | — |  | — |  | 16 |
Total restructuring charges | $ | 53 |  | $ | 37 |  | $ | 1 |  | $ | 91 |
| 2020
(in millions) | COGS | SG&A | R&D | Total
Employee termination costs | $ | 36 |  | $ | 54 |  | $ | 2 |  | $ | 92 |
Contract termination and other costs | 4 |  | 4 |  | — |  | 8 |
Asset impairments | 8 |  | 3 |  | — |  | 11 |
Total restructuring charges | $ | 48 |  | $ | 61 |  | $ | 2 |  | $ | 111 |
For the year ended December 31, 2022, $85 million of the restructuring charges reflected in the table above were related to integration activities for the Hillrom acquisition, consisting of $55 million of employee termination costs, $22 million of contract terminations and other costs and $8 million of asset impairments. In conjunction with our business optimization initiatives, we sold property that resulted in a gain of $17 million in 2020. This benefit is reflected within other operating expense (income), net in our consolidated statement of income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2020. The following table summarizes activity in the liability related to our restructuring initiatives.
(in millions) |
Liability balance as of December 31, 2019 | $ | 92 |
Charges | 116 |
Payments | (86) |
Reserve adjustments | (16) |
Currency translation | 7 |
Liability balance as of December 31, 2020 | 113 |
Assumed in acquisition | 6 |
Charges | 94 |
Payments | (78) |
Reserve adjustments | (19) |
Currency translation | (7) |
Liability balance as of December 31, 2021 | 109 |
Charges | 172 |
Payments | (145) |
Reserve adjustments | (21) |
Currency translation | (8) |
Liability balance as of December 31, 2022 | $ | 107 |
Reserve adjustments primarily relate to employee termination cost reserves established in prior periods. Substantially all of our restructuring liabilities as of December 31, 2022 relate to employee termination costs, with the remaining liabilities attributable to contract termination costs. Substantially all of the cash payments for those liabilities are expected to be disbursed by the end of 2023.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for restructuring and related activities. Description of restructuring activities such as exit and disposal activities, include facts and circumstances leading to the plan, the expected plan completion date, the major types of costs associated with the plan activities, total expected costs, the accrual balance at the end of the period, and the periods over which the remaining accrual will be settled. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 420 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 5.P.4(e)) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=115931487&loc=d3e140904-122747 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 420 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (a) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6394359&loc=d3e17939-110869 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 420 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2175745 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 420 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (e) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6394359&loc=d3e17939-110869 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 420 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (b)(2) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6394359&loc=d3e17939-110869 + Details
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