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Financial Risk Management (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Financial Instruments [Abstract]  
Disclosure of Financial Assets
The group's financial assets and liabilities are classified as set out below:
Figures in million (SA rand)
Debt instruments at amortised cost

Equity instruments designated at fair value through OCI

Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges

Derivatives at fair value through profit or loss

Debt instruments at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at amortised cost

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At 30 June 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Restricted cash
136






Restricted investments
2 045




1 256


Other non-current assets
3

59



271


Non-current derivative financial instruments


24

173



- Rand gold hedging contracts


23




- US$ commodity contracts


1




- Foreign exchange hedging contracts



173



Current derivative financial instruments


26

283



- Rand gold hedging contracts


22




- US$ commodity contracts


4




- Foreign exchange hedging contracts



283



Trade and other receivables
627






Cash and cash equivalents
993






 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-current derivative financial instruments


172




- Rand gold hedging contracts


158




- US$ commodity contracts


14




Current derivative financial instruments


205

65



- Rand gold hedging contracts


164

61



- US$ commodity contracts


41

2



- Foreign exchange hedging contracts



2



Borrowings





5 915

Other non-current liabilities





2

Trade and other payables





930

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

4
FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT continued
Figures in million (SA rand)
Loans and receivables

Available-for-sale financial assets

Held-to-maturity investments

Hedging instruments

Fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at amortised cost

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At 30 June 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Restricted cash
115






Restricted investments
23


2 335


913


Other non-current assets
253

8





Non-current derivative financial instruments



70

14


Current derivative financial instruments



412

127


Trade and other receivables
626






Cash and cash equivalents
706






 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-current derivative financial instruments




10


Current derivative financial instruments




205


Borrowings





5 614

Other non-current liabilities





1

Trade and other payables





769

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SA rand
Figures in million
2019

2018

 
 
 
Investments held by environmental trust funds
3 273

3 238

Investments held by social trust funds
28

33

 
 
 
Total restricted investments
3 301

3 271

The environmental trust funds consist of:
 
SA rand
Figures in million
2019

2018

 
 
 
Fixed deposits
2 015

2 335

Cash and cash equivalents
30

23

Equity-linked deposits
1 228

880

 
 
 
Total environmental trust funds
3 273

3 238

Disclosure of Financial Liabilities
The group's financial assets and liabilities are classified as set out below:
Figures in million (SA rand)
Debt instruments at amortised cost

Equity instruments designated at fair value through OCI

Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges

Derivatives at fair value through profit or loss

Debt instruments at fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at amortised cost

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At 30 June 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Restricted cash
136






Restricted investments
2 045




1 256


Other non-current assets
3

59



271


Non-current derivative financial instruments


24

173



- Rand gold hedging contracts


23




- US$ commodity contracts


1




- Foreign exchange hedging contracts



173



Current derivative financial instruments


26

283



- Rand gold hedging contracts


22




- US$ commodity contracts


4




- Foreign exchange hedging contracts



283



Trade and other receivables
627






Cash and cash equivalents
993






 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-current derivative financial instruments


172




- Rand gold hedging contracts


158




- US$ commodity contracts


14




Current derivative financial instruments


205

65



- Rand gold hedging contracts


164

61



- US$ commodity contracts


41

2



- Foreign exchange hedging contracts



2



Borrowings





5 915

Other non-current liabilities





2

Trade and other payables





930

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

4
FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT continued
Figures in million (SA rand)
Loans and receivables

Available-for-sale financial assets

Held-to-maturity investments

Hedging instruments

Fair value through profit or loss

Financial liabilities at amortised cost

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
At 30 June 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Restricted cash
115






Restricted investments
23


2 335


913


Other non-current assets
253

8





Non-current derivative financial instruments



70

14


Current derivative financial instruments



412

127


Trade and other receivables
626






Cash and cash equivalents
706






 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-current derivative financial instruments




10


Current derivative financial instruments




205


Borrowings





5 614

Other non-current liabilities





1

Trade and other payables





769

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Schedule of Sensitivity Analysis for Types of Market Risk
The group has reviewed its foreign currency exposure on financial assets and financial liabilities and has identified the following sensitivities for a 10% change in the exchange rate that would affect profit or loss. Management considers a range between 10% and 20% to be a reasonable change given the volatility in the market. The analysis has been performed on the same basis for 2018.

4
FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT continued

MARKET RISK continued

Foreign exchange risk continued
 
SA rand
Figures in million
2019

2018

 
 
 
Sensitivity analysis - borrowings
 
 
 
 
 
Rand against US$
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at 30 June
4 143

5 114

Strengthen by 10%
414

511

Weaken by 10%
(414
)
(511
)
 
 
 
Closing rate
14.13

13.81

 
 
 
US$ against Kina
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at 30 June
283


Strengthen by 10%
26


Weaken by 10%
(31
)

 
 
 
Closing rate
0.30

0.30

 
 
 
 
 
 
Sensitivity analysis - financial instruments
 
 
 
 
 
Rand against US$
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at 30 June
454

(136
)
Strengthen by 10%
567

666

Weaken by 10%
(1 511
)
(625
)
 
 
 
Closing rate
14.13

13.81

 
 
 
US$ against Kina
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at 30 June
211

30

Strengthen by 10%
19

3

Weaken by 10%
(23
)
(3
)
 
 
 
Closing rate
0.30

0.30

The group has reviewed its exposure to commodity linked instruments and has identified the following sensitivities for a 10% change in the commodity price specified per contract that would affect other comprehensive income and profit or loss. Management considers a range between 10% and 20% to be a reasonable change given the recent volatility in the market. The analysis has been performed on the same basis for 2018.
 
SA rand
Figures in million
2019

2018

 
 
 
Sensitivity analysis
 
 
 
 
 
Rand gold derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
Profit or loss
 
 
Increase by 10%
(76
)

Decrease by 10%
79


 
 
 
Other comprehensive income
 
 
Increase by 10%
(1 162
)
(522
)
Decrease by 10%
1 174

515

 
 
 
 
 
 
US$ gold derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
Profit or loss
 
 
Increase by 10%
(20
)
(166
)
Decrease by 10%
20

167

 
 
 
Other comprehensive income
 
 
Increase by 10%
(110
)

Decrease by 10%
113


 
 
 
 
 
 
US$ silver derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
Profit or loss
 
 
Increase by 10%

(14
)
Decrease by 10%
4

15

 
 
 
A change of 100 basis points in interest rates at the reporting date would have increased/(decreased) profit or loss before tax by the amounts shown below. This analysis assumes that all other variables remain constant. The analysis has been performed on the same basis for 2018.
 
SA rand
Figures in million
2019

2018

 
 
 
Sensitivity analysis - borrowings (finance costs)
 
 
 
 
 
Increase by 100 basis points
(59
)
(56
)
Decrease by 100 basis points
59

56

 
 
 
 
 
 
Sensitivity analysis - financial assets (interest received)
 
 
 
 
 
Increase by 100 basis points
44

32

Decrease by 100 basis points
(44
)
(32
)
 
 
 
Schedule of Credit Risk
Financial institutions' credit rating by exposure (Source: Fitch Ratings and Global Credit Ratings)
 
SA rand
Figures in million
2019

2018

 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
 
 
 
 
AA
671

623

AA-
322

83

 
 
 
 
993

706

 
 
 
Restricted cash
 
 
 
 
 
AA
109

94

AA-
27

21

 
 
 
 
136

115

 
 
 
Restricted investments (environmental trusts)
 
 
 
 
 
AA+

1 498

AA
3 273

1 740

 
 
 
 
3 273

3 238

 
 
 
Derivative financial assets
 
 
 
 
 
AA+

130

AA
393

354

AA-
69

139

A+
44


 
 
 
 
506

623

Disclosure of Contractual Maturities of Non-derivative Financial Liabilities
The following are the undiscounted contractual maturities of financial liabilities (including principal and interest payments assuming the closing R/US$ exchange rate and interest rate at year end):
 
SA rand
Figures in million
Current

More than 1 year

 
 
 
2019
 
 
 
 
 
Other non-current liabilities

2

Trade and other payables (excluding non-financial liabilities)
930


Derivative financial liabilities
280

194

Borrowings
 
 
Due between 0 to six months
242


Due between six to 12 months
241


Due between one to two years

4 578

Due between two to four years

1 624

 
 
 
 
1 693

6 398


4
FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT continued

LIQUIDITY RISK continued
 
SA rand
Figures in million
Current

More than 1 year

 
 
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
Other non-current liabilities

1

Trade and other payables (excluding non-financial liabilities)
769


Derivative financial liabilities
124

95

Borrowings
 
 
Due between 0 to six months
702


Due between six to 12 months


Due between one to two years

584

Due between two to four years

5 002

 
 
 
 
1 595

5 682

Disclosure of Contractual Maturities of Derivative Financial Liabilities
The following are the undiscounted contractual maturities of financial liabilities (including principal and interest payments assuming the closing R/US$ exchange rate and interest rate at year end):
 
SA rand
Figures in million
Current

More than 1 year

 
 
 
2019
 
 
 
 
 
Other non-current liabilities

2

Trade and other payables (excluding non-financial liabilities)
930


Derivative financial liabilities
280

194

Borrowings
 
 
Due between 0 to six months
242


Due between six to 12 months
241


Due between one to two years

4 578

Due between two to four years

1 624

 
 
 
 
1 693

6 398


4
FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT continued

LIQUIDITY RISK continued
 
SA rand
Figures in million
Current

More than 1 year

 
 
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
Other non-current liabilities

1

Trade and other payables (excluding non-financial liabilities)
769


Derivative financial liabilities
124

95

Borrowings
 
 
Due between 0 to six months
702


Due between six to 12 months


Due between one to two years

584

Due between two to four years

5 002

 
 
 
 
1 595

5 682

Disclosure of Net Debt
Net debt is as follows:
 
SA rand
Figures in million
2019

2018

 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
993

706

Borrowings
(5 915
)
(5 614
)
 
 
 
Net debt
(4 922
)
(4 908
)
Schedule of Financial Assets Measured at Fair Value
The following table sets out the group’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value by level within the fair value hierarchy:
 
SA rand
Figures in million
At 30 June 2019
 
At 30 June 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Level 2
Level 3
Level 2
Level 3
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value through other comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
Other non-current assets (a)

59


8

Fair value through profit or loss
 
 
 
 
Restricted investments (b)
1 256


913


Derivative financial assets (c)
507


623


Derivative financial liabilities (c)
(422
)

(215
)

Other non-current assets (d)

271



 
 
 
 
 

(a)
The increase in level 3 fair value measurement relates to the equity investment in Rand Mutual Assurance previously carried at cost. Refer to note 2. The fair value of the investment was estimated with reference to an independent valuation. The valuation was performed using a discounted cash flow model. In valuating the group's share of the business, common practice marketability and minority discounts as well as additional specific risk discounts were applied.

(b)
The majority of the balance is directly derived from the Top 40 index on the JSE, and is discounted at market interest rate. This relates to equity-linked deposits in the group's environmental rehabilitation trust funds. The balance of the environmental trust funds are carried at amortised cost and therefore not disclosed here.

(c)
The mark-to market remeasurement of the derivative contracts was determined as follows:
Forex hedging contracts comprise of zero cost collars and FECs:
The zero cost collars were valued using a Black-Scholes valuation technique derived from spot rand/US$ exchange rate inputs, implied volatilities on the rand/US$ exchange rate, rand/US$ inter-bank interest rates and discounted at market interest rate (zero-coupon interest rate curve). The value of the FECs is derived from the forward rand/US$ exchange rate and discounted at market interest rate (zero-coupon interest rate curve).
Rand gold hedging contracts (forward sale contracts): spot Rand/US$ exchange rate, Rand and dollar interest rates (forward points), spot US$ gold price, differential between the US interest rate and gold lease interest rate which is discounted at market interest rate.
US$ gold hedging contracts (forward sale contracts): spot US$ gold price, differential between the US interest rate and gold lease interest rate and discounted at market interest rate.
Silver hedging contracts (zero cost collars): a Black-Scholes valuation technique, derived from spot US$ silver price, strike price, implied volatilities, time to maturity and interest rates and discounted at market interest rate.

(d)
The increase in level 3 fair value measurement relates to the ARM BBEE loan that was previously carried at amortised cost. Refer to note 17. The fair value was calculated using a discounted cash flow model taking into account projected interest payments and the projected share price for African Rainbow Minerals Limited (ARM) on the expected repayment date.
Schedule of Financial Liabilities Measured at Fair Value
The following table sets out the group’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value by level within the fair value hierarchy:
 
SA rand
Figures in million
At 30 June 2019
 
At 30 June 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Level 2
Level 3
Level 2
Level 3
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value through other comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
Other non-current assets (a)

59


8

Fair value through profit or loss
 
 
 
 
Restricted investments (b)
1 256


913


Derivative financial assets (c)
507


623


Derivative financial liabilities (c)
(422
)

(215
)

Other non-current assets (d)

271



 
 
 
 
 

(a)
The increase in level 3 fair value measurement relates to the equity investment in Rand Mutual Assurance previously carried at cost. Refer to note 2. The fair value of the investment was estimated with reference to an independent valuation. The valuation was performed using a discounted cash flow model. In valuating the group's share of the business, common practice marketability and minority discounts as well as additional specific risk discounts were applied.

(b)
The majority of the balance is directly derived from the Top 40 index on the JSE, and is discounted at market interest rate. This relates to equity-linked deposits in the group's environmental rehabilitation trust funds. The balance of the environmental trust funds are carried at amortised cost and therefore not disclosed here.

(c)
The mark-to market remeasurement of the derivative contracts was determined as follows:
Forex hedging contracts comprise of zero cost collars and FECs:
The zero cost collars were valued using a Black-Scholes valuation technique derived from spot rand/US$ exchange rate inputs, implied volatilities on the rand/US$ exchange rate, rand/US$ inter-bank interest rates and discounted at market interest rate (zero-coupon interest rate curve). The value of the FECs is derived from the forward rand/US$ exchange rate and discounted at market interest rate (zero-coupon interest rate curve).
Rand gold hedging contracts (forward sale contracts): spot Rand/US$ exchange rate, Rand and dollar interest rates (forward points), spot US$ gold price, differential between the US interest rate and gold lease interest rate which is discounted at market interest rate.
US$ gold hedging contracts (forward sale contracts): spot US$ gold price, differential between the US interest rate and gold lease interest rate and discounted at market interest rate.
Silver hedging contracts (zero cost collars): a Black-Scholes valuation technique, derived from spot US$ silver price, strike price, implied volatilities, time to maturity and interest rates and discounted at market interest rate.

(d)
The increase in level 3 fair value measurement relates to the ARM BBEE loan that was previously carried at amortised cost. Refer to note 17. The fair value was calculated using a discounted cash flow model taking into account projected interest payments and the projected share price for African Rainbow Minerals Limited (ARM) on the expected repayment date.