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Taxation - Income taxes (Details) - CNY (¥)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Income taxes      
Income tax rate (as a percent) 25.00% 25.00% 25.00%
Reconciliation of the differences between the statutory income tax rate and the Group's effective income tax rate      
Statutory income tax rate 25.00% 25.00% 25.00%
Permanent differences 6.74% (1.19%) 0.60%
Tax rate difference from statutory rate in other jurisdictions [1] (3.19%) (1.43%) (3.90%)
Tax effect of preferential tax treatments (8.91%) (7.94%) (8.29%)
Withholding tax (0.25%) (0.21%) (0.63%)
Change in valuation allowance (20.79%) (15.65%) (14.56%)
Effective income tax rate (1.40%) (1.42%) (1.78%)
Operating loss carryforwards      
Net operating tax loss carry forwards ¥ 15,906,396,000    
Loss expiring in 2023      
Operating loss carryforwards      
Net operating tax loss carry forwards 88,466,000    
Loss expiring in 2024      
Operating loss carryforwards      
Net operating tax loss carry forwards 189,744,000    
Loss expiring in 2025      
Operating loss carryforwards      
Net operating tax loss carry forwards 269,421,000    
Loss expiring in 2026      
Operating loss carryforwards      
Net operating tax loss carry forwards 952,055,000    
Loss expiring in 2027 and thereafter      
Operating loss carryforwards      
Net operating tax loss carry forwards 14,406,710,000    
Cayman Islands      
Income taxes      
Withholding tax amount ¥ 0    
Hong Kong      
Income taxes      
Income tax rate (as a percent) 16.50% 16.50% 16.50%
Reconciliation of the differences between the statutory income tax rate and the Group's effective income tax rate      
Statutory income tax rate 16.50% 16.50% 16.50%
China      
Income taxes      
Income tax rate (as a percent) 25.00%    
Reconciliation of the differences between the statutory income tax rate and the Group's effective income tax rate      
Statutory income tax rate 25.00%    
China | Certain subsidiaries | Encouraged Enterprises [Member]      
Income taxes      
Preferential tax rate 15.00%    
[1] It is primarily due to the tax effect of the Company as a
tax-exempt
entity incorporated in the Cayman Islands.