10-Q 1 cpt331201710q1q17.htm 10-Q
Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

ý | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2017
OR

¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______________ to _______________
Commission file number: 1-12110

CAMDEN PROPERTY TRUST
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Texas |  | 76-6088377
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
11 Greenway Plaza, Suite 2400 Houston, Texas |  | 77046
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(713) 354-2500
(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

N/A
(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, If Changed Since Last Report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of "accelerated filer and large accelerated filer" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer |  | ý | Accelerated filer |  | ¨
Non-accelerated filer |  | ¨ (Do not check if a Smaller Reporting Company) | Smaller Reporting Company |  | ¨
|  |  | Emerging Growth Company |  | ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected to not use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant of Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No ý
On April 28, 2017, 87,641,678 common shares of the registrant were outstanding, net of treasury shares and shares held in our deferred compensation arrangements.
1

Table of Contents
CAMDEN PROPERTY TRUST
Table of Contents

|  |  | Page
PART I |  | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 3
Item 1 |  | Financial Statements | 3
|  | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 | 3
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 | 4
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 | 6
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 | 8
|  | Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 9
Item 2 |  | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 22
Item 3 |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 34
Item 4 |  | Controls and Procedures | 34
PART II |  | OTHER INFORMATION | 34
Item 1 |  | Legal Proceedings | 34
Item 1A |  | Risk Factors | 35
Item 2 |  | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 35
Item 3 |  | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 35
Item 4 |  | Mine Safety Disclosures | 35
Item 5 |  | Other Information | 35
Item 6 |  | Exhibits | 35
SIGNATURES
Exhibit 31.1
Exhibit 31.2
Exhibit 32.1
Exhibit 101.INS
Exhibit 101.SCH
Exhibit 101.CAL
Exhibit 101.DEF
Exhibit 101.LAB
Exhibit 101.PRE

2

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
CAMDEN PROPERTY TRUST
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share amounts) | March 31, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Assets |  |  |
Real estate assets, at cost |  |  |
Land | $ | 984,523 |  |  | $ | 967,375 |
Buildings and improvements | 6,071,203 |  |  | 5,967,023 |
| $ | 7,055,726 |  |  | $ | 6,934,398 |
Accumulated depreciation | (1,952,809 | ) |  | (1,890,656 | )
Net operating real estate assets | $ | 5,102,917 |  |  | $ | 5,043,742 |
Properties under development, including land | 377,107 |  |  | 442,292 |
Investments in joint ventures | 30,062 |  |  | 30,254 |
Total real estate assets | $ | 5,510,086 |  |  | $ | 5,516,288 |
Accounts receivable – affiliates | 23,634 |  |  | 24,028 |
Other assets, net | 147,922 |  |  | 142,010 |
Short-term investments | — |  |  | 100,000 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 245,529 |  |  | 237,364 |
Restricted cash | 8,175 |  |  | 8,462 |
Total assets | $ | 5,935,346 |  |  | $ | 6,028,152 |
Liabilities and equity |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |
Notes payable |  |  |
Unsecured | $ | 1,583,819 |  |  | $ | 1,583,236 |
Secured | 866,476 |  |  | 897,352 |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 120,086 |  |  | 137,813 |
Accrued real estate taxes | 24,682 |  |  | 49,041 |
Distributions payable | 69,326 |  |  | 69,161 |
Other liabilities | 123,654 |  |  | 118,959 |
Total liabilities | $ | 2,788,043 |  |  | $ | 2,855,562 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10) |  |  |
Non-qualified deferred compensation share awards | 75,704 |  |  | 77,037 |
Equity |  |  |
Common shares of beneficial interest; $0.01 par value per share; 175,000 shares authorized; 100,719 and 100,694 issued; 97,763 and 97,818 outstanding at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively | 978 |  |  | 978 |
Additional paid-in capital | 3,675,737 |  |  | 3,678,277 |
Distributions in excess of net income attributable to common shareholders | (317,642 | ) |  | (289,180 | )
Treasury shares, at cost (10,125 and 10,330 common shares at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively) | (365,923 | ) |  | (373,339 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (1,829 | ) |  | (1,863 | )
Total common equity | $ | 2,991,321 |  |  | $ | 3,014,873 |
Non-controlling interests | 80,278 |  |  | 80,680 |
Total equity | $ | 3,071,599 |  |  | $ | 3,095,553 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 5,935,346 |  |  | $ | 6,028,152 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
3

Table of Contents
CAMDEN PROPERTY TRUST
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except per share amounts) | 2017 |  | 2016
Property revenues |  |  |
Rental revenues | $ | 188,102 |  |  | $ | 187,119 |
Other property revenues | 31,419 |  |  | 30,476 |
Total property revenues | $ | 219,521 |  |  | $ | 217,595 |
Property expenses |  |  |
Property operating and maintenance | $ | 51,548 |  |  | $ | 50,269 |
Real estate taxes | 27,920 |  |  | 26,880 |
Total property expenses | $ | 79,468 |  |  | $ | 77,149 |
Non-property income |  |  |
Fee and asset management | $ | 1,748 |  |  | $ | 1,765 |
Interest and other income | 634 |  |  | 224 |
Income on deferred compensation plans | 4,617 |  |  | 63 |
Total non-property income | $ | 6,999 |  |  | $ | 2,052 |
Other expenses |  |  |
Property management | $ | 7,027 |  |  | $ | 7,140 |
Fee and asset management | 884 |  |  | 952 |
General and administrative | 12,868 |  |  | 12,223 |
Interest | 22,956 |  |  | 23,790 |
Depreciation and amortization | 63,734 |  |  | 62,091 |
Expense on deferred compensation plans | 4,617 |  |  | 63 |
Total other expenses | $ | 112,086 |  |  | $ | 106,259 |
Loss on early retirement of debt | (323 | ) |  | — |
Gain on sale of land | — |  |  | 443 |
Equity in income of joint ventures | 1,817 |  |  | 1,497 |
Income from continuing operations before income taxes | $ | 36,460 |  |  | $ | 38,179 |
Income tax expense | (471 | ) |  | (315 | )
Income from continuing operations | $ | 35,989 |  |  | $ | 37,864 |
Income from discontinued operations | — |  |  | 5,076 |
Net income | $ | 35,989 |  |  | $ | 42,940 |
Less income allocated to non-controlling interests from continuing operations | (1,128 | ) |  | (1,210 | )
Net income attributable to common shareholders | $ | 34,861 |  |  | $ | 41,730 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
4

Table of Contents
CAMDEN PROPERTY TRUST
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Continued)
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except per share amounts) | 2017 |  | 2016
Earnings per share – basic |  |  |
Earnings per common share from continuing operations | $ | 0.39 |  |  | $ | 0.41 |
Earnings per common share from discontinued operations | — |  |  | 0.05 |
Total earnings per common share - basic | $ | 0.39 |  |  | $ | 0.46 |
Earnings per share – diluted |  |  |
Earnings per common share from continuing operations | $ | 0.39 |  |  | $ | 0.41 |
Earnings per common share from discontinued operations | — |  |  | 0.05 |
Total earnings per common share – diluted | $ | 0.39 |  |  | $ | 0.46 |
Distributions declared per common share | $ | 0.75 |  |  | $ | 0.75 |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic | 89,925 |  |  | 89,344 |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – diluted | 90,949 |  |  | 90,509 |
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income |  |  |
Net income | $ | 35,989 |  |  | $ | 42,940 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |
Reclassification of net loss on cash flow hedging activities, prior service cost and net loss on post-retirement obligation | 34 |  |  | 32 |
Comprehensive income | $ | 36,023 |  |  | $ | 42,972 |
Less income allocated to non-controlling interests from continuing operations | (1,128 | ) |  | (1,210 | )
Comprehensive income attributable to common shareholders | $ | 34,895 |  |  | $ | 41,762 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
5

Table of Contents
CAMDEN PROPERTY TRUST
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(Unaudited)

| Common Shareholders |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | Common shares of beneficial interest |  | Additional paid-in capital |  | Distributions in excess of net income |  | Treasury shares, at cost |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | Non-controlling interests |  | Total equity
Equity, December 31, 2016 | $ | 978 |  |  | $ | 3,678,277 |  |  | $ | (289,180 | ) |  | $ | (373,339 | ) |  | $ | (1,863 | ) |  | $ | 80,680 |  |  | $ | 3,095,553 |
Net income |  |  |  |  | 34,861 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,128 |  |  | 35,989 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 34 |  |  |  |  | 34 |
Net share awards |  |  | 468 |  |  |  |  | 7,416 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,884 |
Employee share purchase plan |  |  | 78 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 78 |
Common share options exercised |  |  | 77 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 77 |
Change in classification of deferred compensation plan |  |  | (4,234 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (4,234 | )
Change in redemption value of non-qualified share awards |  |  |  |  | 3,925 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,925 |
Diversification of share awards within deferred compensation plan |  |  | 954 |  |  | 688 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,642 |
Conversions of operating partnership units |  |  | 117 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (117 | ) |  | — |
Cash distributions declared to equity holders |  |  |  |  | (67,936 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (1,413 | ) |  | (69,349 | )
Equity, March 31, 2017 | $ | 978 |  |  | $ | 3,675,737 |  |  | $ | (317,642 | ) |  | $ | (365,923 | ) |  | $ | (1,829 | ) |  | $ | 80,278 |  |  | $ | 3,071,599 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
6

Table of Contents
CAMDEN PROPERTY TRUST
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (Continued)
(Unaudited)

| Common Shareholders |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | Common shares of beneficial interest |  | Additional paid-in capital |  | Distributions in excess of net income |  | Treasury shares, at cost |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | Non-controlling interests |  | Total equity
Equity, December 31, 2015 | $ | 976 |  |  | $ | 3,662,864 |  |  | $ | (458,577 | ) |  | $ | (386,793 | ) |  | $ | (1,913 | ) |  | $ | 76,339 |  |  | $ | 2,892,896 |
Net income |  |  |  |  | 41,730 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,210 |  |  | 42,940 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 32 |  |  |  |  | 32 |
Net share awards |  |  | (2,306 | ) |  |  |  | 8,759 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,453 |
Employee share purchase plan |  |  | 63 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 65 |
Change in classification of deferred compensation plan |  |  | (2,376 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,376 | )
Change in redemption value of non-qualified share awards |  |  |  |  | (6,810 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (6,810 | )
Conversions of operating partnership units |  |  | 134 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (134 | ) |  | — |
Cash distributions declared to equity holders |  |  |  |  | (67,618 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (1,419 | ) |  | (69,037 | )
Other | (1 | ) |  | (7 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (8 | )
Equity, March 31, 2016 | $ | 975 |  |  | $ | 3,658,372 |  |  | $ | (491,275 | ) |  | $ | (378,032 | ) |  | $ | (1,881 | ) |  | $ | 75,996 |  |  | $ | 2,864,155 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
7

Table of Contents
CAMDEN PROPERTY TRUST
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands) | 2017 |  | 2016
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |
Net income | $ | 35,989 |  |  | $ | 42,940 |
Income from discontinued operations | — |  |  | (5,076 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 63,734 |  |  | 62,091 |
Loss on early retirement of debt | 323 |  |  | — |
Gain on sale of land | — |  |  | (443 | )
Distributions of income from joint ventures | 1,720 |  |  | 1,483 |
Equity in income of joint ventures | (1,817 | ) |  | (1,497 | )
Share-based compensation | 4,449 |  |  | 4,759 |
Net change in operating accounts and other | (31,413 | ) |  | (16,920 | )
Net cash from continuing operating activities | $ | 72,985 |  |  | $ | 87,337 |
Net cash from discontinued operating activities | — |  |  | 9,173 |
Net cash from operating activities | $ | 72,985 |  |  | $ | 96,510 |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |
Development and capital improvements | $ | (62,783 | ) |  | $ | (73,065 | )
Proceeds from sales of operating properties, including land | — |  |  | 2,000 |
Maturities of short-term investments | 100,000 |  |  | — |
Other | (2,442 | ) |  | (3,257 | )
Net cash from continuing investing activities | $ | 34,775 |  |  | $ | (74,322 | )
Net cash from other discontinued investing activities | — |  |  | (3,671 | )
Net cash from investing activities | $ | 34,775 |  |  | $ | (77,993 | )
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |
Borrowings on unsecured credit facility and other short-term borrowings | $ | — |  |  | $ | 966,000 |
Repayments on unsecured credit facility and other short-term borrowings | — |  |  | (925,000 | )
Repayment of notes payable | (31,214 | ) |  | (610 | )
Distributions to common shareholders and non-controlling interests | (69,161 | ) |  | (64,249 | )
Other | 493 |  |  | 1,067 |
Net cash from financing activities | $ | (99,882 | ) |  | $ | (22,792 | )
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | 7,878 |  |  | (4,275 | )
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of year | 245,826 |  |  | 16,588 |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of year | $ | 253,704 |  |  | $ | 12,313 |
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash to the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 245,529 |  |  | $ | 6,935 |
Restricted cash | 8,175 |  |  | 5,378 |
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of year | $ | 253,704 |  |  | $ | 12,313 |
Supplemental information |  |  |
Cash paid for interest, net of interest capitalized | $ | 15,767 |  |  | $ | 16,552 |
Supplemental schedule of noncash investing and financing activities |  |  |
Distributions declared but not paid | $ | 69,236 |  |  | $ | 69,020 |
Value of shares issued under benefit plans, net of cancellations | 16,934 |  |  | 17,545 |
Accrual associated with construction and capital expenditures | 16,685 |  |  | 30,157 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
8

Table of Contents
CAMDEN PROPERTY TRUST
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
1. Description of Business
Business. Formed on May 25, 1993, Camden Property Trust, a Texas real estate investment trust ("REIT"), is primarily engaged in the ownership, management, development, redevelopment, acquisition, and construction of multifamily apartment communities. Our multifamily apartment communities are referred to as "communities," "multifamily communities," "properties," or "multifamily properties" in the following discussion. As of March 31, 2017, we owned interests in, operated, or were developing 159 multifamily properties comprised of 55,366 apartment homes across the United States. Of the 159 properties, six properties were under construction as of March 31, 2017, and will consist of a total of 2,250 apartment homes when completed. We also own land holdings which we may develop into multifamily communities in the future.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Principles of Consolidation. Our condensed consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of other subsidiaries and joint ventures (including partnerships and limited liability companies) over which we have control. All intercompany transactions, balances, and profits have been eliminated in consolidation. Investments acquired or created are evaluated based on the accounting guidance relating to variable interest entities ("VIEs"), which requires the consolidation of VIEs in which we are considered to be the primary beneficiary. If the investment is determined not to be a VIE, then the investment is evaluated for consolidation primarily using a voting interest model. In determining if we have a controlling financial interest, we consider factors such as ownership interests, authority to make decisions, kick-out rights and participating rights. At March 31, 2017, two of our consolidated operating partnerships are VIEs, of which we held between 92% and 94% of the outstanding common limited partnership units and the sole 1% general partnership interest of each consolidated operating partnership. As we are considered the primary beneficiary, we continue to consolidate these operating partnerships.
Interim Financial Reporting. We have prepared these unaudited financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial statements and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Accordingly, these statements do not include all information and footnote disclosures required for annual statements. While we believe the disclosures presented are adequate for interim reporting, these interim unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes included in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Certain amounts in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2016 have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no impact on our condensed consolidated cash flows from financing activities. Additionally, we adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-18 ("ASU 2016-18"), "Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force)" as of December 31, 2016, which required the change in restricted cash to be reported with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling between beginning and ending amounts shown on our consolidated statement of cash flows, and was to be applied retrospectively for all periods presented. Prior to our adoption of ASU 2016-18, we reported the change in restricted cash within investing activities in our condensed statements of cash flows. As a result of our adoption of this standard and the retrospective application, cash and cash equivalents in our consolidated statements of cash flows for the quarter ended March 31, 2016 increased by approximately $5.4 million to reflect the restricted cash balances and net cash used in investing activities decreased by approximately $0.6 million. In the opinion of management, all adjustments and eliminations, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair representation of our financial statements for the interim period reported have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results which may be expected for the full year.
Asset Impairment. Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Impairment may exist if estimated future undiscounted cash flows associated with long-lived assets are not sufficient to recover the carrying value of such assets. We consider projected future undiscounted cash flows, trends, strategic decisions regarding future development plans, and other factors in our assessment of whether impairment conditions exist. While we believe our estimates of future cash flows are reasonable, different assumptions regarding a number of factors, including, but not limited to, market rents, economic conditions, and occupancies, could significantly affect these estimates. In estimating fair value, management uses appraisals, management estimates, and discounted cash flow calculations which utilize inputs from a marketplace participant's perspective. When impairment exists, the long-lived asset is adjusted to its fair value. In addition, we evaluate our equity investments in joint ventures and if we believe there is an other than temporary decline in market value of our investment below our carrying value, we will record an impairment charge. We did not record any impairment charges for the three months ended March 31, 2017 or 2016.
9

Table of Contents
The value of our properties under development depends on market conditions, including estimates of the project start date as well as estimates of demand for multifamily communities. We have reviewed market trends and other marketplace information and have incorporated this information as well as our current outlook into the assumptions we use in our impairment analyses. Due to the judgment and assumptions applied in the impairment analyses, it is possible actual results could differ substantially from those estimated.
We believe the carrying value of our operating real estate assets, properties under development, and land is currently recoverable. However, if market conditions deteriorate or if changes in our development strategy significantly affect any key assumptions used in our fair value estimates, we may need to take material charges in future periods for impairments related to existing assets. Any such material non-cash charges could have an adverse effect on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
Cost Capitalization. Real estate assets are carried at cost plus capitalized carrying charges. Carrying charges are primarily interest and real estate taxes which are capitalized as part of properties under development. Capitalized interest is generally based on the weighted average interest rate of our unsecured debt. Expenditures directly related to the development and improvement of real estate assets are capitalized at cost as land and buildings and improvements. Indirect development costs, including salaries and benefits and other related costs directly attributable to the development of properties, are also capitalized. We begin capitalizing development, construction, and carrying costs when the development of the future real estate asset is probable and certain activities necessary to prepare the underlying real estate for its intended use have been initiated. All construction and carrying costs are capitalized and reported in the balance sheet as properties under development until the apartment homes are substantially completed. As apartment homes within development properties are completed, the total capitalized development cost of each apartment home is transferred from properties under development including land to buildings and improvements.
As discussed above, carrying charges are principally interest and real estate taxes capitalized as part of properties under development. Capitalized interest was approximately $4.4 million and $4.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Capitalized real estate taxes were approximately $0.6 million and $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Depreciation and amortization is computed over the expected useful lives of depreciable property on a straight-line basis with lives generally as follows:

| Estimated Useful Life
Buildings and improvements | 5-35 years
Furniture, fixtures, equipment, and other | 3-20 years
Intangible assets/liabilities (in-place leases and above and below market leases) | underlying lease term

Discontinued Operations. A property is classified as a discontinued operation when the disposal represents a strategic shift, such as disposal of a major line of business, a major geographical area or a major equity investment. The results of operations for properties sold during the period or classified as held for sale at the end of the period, and meeting the above criteria of discontinued operations, are classified as discontinued operations for all periods presented. The property-specific components of earnings classified as discontinued operations include separately identifiable property-specific revenues, expenses, depreciation, and interest expense, if any. The gain or loss resulting from the eventual disposal of the held for sale properties meeting the criteria of discontinued operations is also classified within discontinued operations. Real estate assets held for sale are measured at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell and are presented separately in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets for all periods presented. Subsequent to classification of a property as held for sale, no further depreciation is recorded. Consolidated operating properties sold or classified as held for sale, which do not meet the above criteria of discontinued operations are not included in discontinued operations and the related gains or losses are included in continuing operations. Properties sold by our unconsolidated entities which do not meet the above criteria of discontinued operations are not included in discontinued operations and related gains or losses are reported as a component of equity in income of joint ventures.
Gains on sale of real estate are recognized using the full accrual or partial sale methods, as applicable, in accordance with GAAP, provided various criteria relating to the terms of sale and any subsequent involvement with the real estate sold are satisfied.
See Note 5, "Acquisitions, Dispositions and Discontinued Operations," for a discussion of discontinued operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016. There were no discontinued operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017.
10

Table of Contents
Fair Value. For financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis, fair value is the price we would expect to receive to sell an asset, or pay to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction with a market participant at the measurement date under current market conditions. In the absence of such data, fair value is estimated using internal information consistent with what market participants would use in a hypothetical transaction.
In determining fair value, observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our market assumptions; preference is given to observable inputs. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy:

• | Level 1: Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

• | Level 2: Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

• | Level 3: Significant inputs to the valuation model are unobservable.

Recurring Fair Value Measurements. The valuation methodology we use to measure our deferred compensation plan investments is based on quoted market prices utilizing public information for the same transactions. Our deferred compensation plan investments are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis and included in other assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The inputs associated with the valuation of our recurring deferred compensation plan investments are included in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.
Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements. Certain assets are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. These assets are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis, but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances. These assets primarily include long-lived assets which are recorded at fair value if they are impaired using the fair value methodologies used to measure long-lived assets described above at "Asset Impairment." Non-recurring fair value disclosures are not provided for impairments on assets disposed during the period because they are no longer owned by us. The inputs associated with the valuation of long-lived assets are generally included in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, unless a quoted price for a similar long-lived asset in an active market exists, at which time they are included in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Financial Instrument Fair Value Disclosures. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and distributions payable represent fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying value of restricted cash approximates its fair value based on the nature of our assessment of the ability to recover these amounts. The carrying values of our notes receivable also approximate their fair values, which are based on certain factors, such as market interest rates, terms of the note and credit worthiness of the borrower. These financial instruments utilize Level 3 inputs. In calculating the fair value of our notes payable, interest rate and spread assumptions reflect current credit worthiness and market conditions available for the issuance of notes payable with similar terms and remaining maturities. These financial instruments utilize Level 2 inputs.
Notes Receivable. Our notes receivable, which are included in other assets, net, in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, relate to real estate secured loans to unaffiliated third parties. At March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had one outstanding notes receivable balance of approximately $17.7 million and $17.2 million, respectively. The weighted average interest rate on the notes receivable balances outstanding was approximately 4.0% and 4.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. At March 31, 2017, we were also committed to funding additional amounts under the loan in the amount of approximately $0.3 million. Interest is recognized over the life of the note and is included in interest and other income in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. We consider a note receivable to be impaired if it is probable we will not collect all contractually due principal and interest. We do not accrue interest when a note is considered impaired and an allowance is recorded for any principal and previously accrued interest which is not believed to be collectible.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements. In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2017-01, "Clarifying the Definition of a Business (Topic 805)." ASU 2017-01 clarifies the definition of a business and provides further guidance for evaluating whether a transaction will be accounted for as an acquisition of an asset or a business. ASU 2017-01 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and early adoption is permitted. The update should be applied prospectively. We adopted ASU 2017-01 as of January 1, 2017 and the adoption did not require any additional disclosures. We believe most of our future acquisitions of operating properties will qualify as asset acquisitions and most future transaction costs associated with these acquisitions will be capitalized.
11

Table of Contents
In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-05, "Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20): Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets." ASU 2017-05 clarifies the definition of an in-substance nonfinancial asset and changes the accounting for partial sales of nonfinancial assets to be more consistent with the accounting for a sale of a business pursuant to ASU 2017-01. This update is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 using a full retrospective or modified retrospective method and is required to be adopted in conjunction with ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers" discussed below. We will adopt ASU 2017-05 effective January 1, 2018, along with our adoption of ASU 2014-09, and are currently evaluating the impact this standard may have on our consolidated financial statements. Subsequent to adoption, we believe most of our future contributions of nonfinancial assets to our joint ventures, if any, will result in the recognition of a full gain or loss as if we sold 100% of the nonfinancial asset and we will also measure our retained interest at fair value.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers." ASU 2014-09 prescribes a single, common revenue standard to replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in GAAP, including most industry-specific requirements. The standard outlines a five-step model whereby revenue is recognized as performance obligations within a contract are satisfied. Several ASUs have been issued since the issuance of ASU 2014-09 which modify certain sections of the new revenue recognition standard, and are intended to promote a more consistent interpretation and application of the principles outlined in the standard. We will adopt ASU 2014-09 effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective with cumulative-effect transition method and provide the required disclosures. We have identified our revenue streams and are continuing to evaluate the impact on our consolidated financial statements and internal accounting processes; however, as the majority of our revenue is derived from real estate lease contracts, we do not expect the adoption of ASU 2014-09 or related amendments and modifications by the FASB will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases." ASU 2016-02 supersedes the current accounting for leases and while retaining two distinct types of leases, finance and operating, (i) requires lessees to record a right of use asset and a related liability for the rights and obligations associated with a lease, regardless of lease classification, and recognize lease expense in a manner similar to current accounting, (ii) eliminates most real estate specific lease provisions, and, (iii) aligns many of the underlying lessor model principles with those in the new revenue standard. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within. Entities are required to use a modified retrospective approach when transitioning to ASU 2016-02 for leases that exist as of or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. Early adoption is permitted and we plan to early adopt ASU 2016-02 as of January 1, 2018 in conjunction with our adoption of ASU 2014-09 discussed above. Based on our preliminary assessment, most of our operating lease commitments will be subject to the new guidance and recognized as operating lease liabilities and right-of-use assets upon adoption. We believe our adoption of the new leasing standard will have an immaterial increase in the assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, "Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting." ASU 2016-09 amends several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, accrual of compensation cost, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this standard must be applied prospectively, retrospectively, or as of the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the year of adoption, depending on the type of amendment. We adopted ASU 2016-09 as of January 1, 2017 and upon adoption we elected to recognize forfeitures of share-based payment awards as they occur, rather than estimating forfeitures at the time awards are granted. Historically, our estimated forfeitures approximated actual forfeitures and the impact of the change in policy upon our adoption of ASU 2016-09 did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, "Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force)." ASU 2016-15 clarifies how several specific cash receipts and cash payments are to be presented and classified on the statement of cash flows, including debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs, settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments, contingent consideration made after a business combination, distributions received from equity method investees, beneficial interests in securitization transactions, and separately identifiable cash flows and application of predominance principle. ASU 2016-15 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and early adoption is permitted. Each amendment in this standard must be applied prospectively, retrospectively, or as of the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the year of adoption, depending on the type of amendment. We expect to adopt ASU 2016-15 as of January 1, 2018, and we are currently evaluating the impact this standard may have on our consolidated financial statements upon adoption.
12

Table of Contents
3. Per Share Data
Basic earnings per share is computed using net income attributable to common shareholders and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share reflects common shares issuable from the assumed conversion of common share options and share awards granted and units convertible into common shares. Only those items having a dilutive impact on our basic earnings per share are included in diluted earnings per share. Our unvested share-based awards are considered participating securities and are reflected in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share using the two-class method. The number of common share equivalent securities excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation was approximately 1.6 million and 1.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. These securities, which include common share options and share awards granted and units convertible into common shares, were excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculations as they are anti-dilutive.
The following table presents information necessary to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share for the periods indicated:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except per share amounts) |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Earnings per common share calculation – basic |  |  |  |
Income from continuing operations attributable to common shareholders |  | $ | 34,861 |  |  | $ | 36,654 |
Amount allocated to participating securities |  | (38 | ) |  | (232 | )
Income from continuing operations attributable to common shareholders, net of amount allocated to participating securities |  | $ | 34,823 |  |  | $ | 36,422 |
Income from discontinued operations attributable to common shareholders |  | — |  |  | 5,076 |
Net income attributable to common shareholders – basic |  | $ | 34,823 |  |  | $ | 41,498 |
Earnings per common share from continuing operations |  | $ | 0.39 |  |  | $ | 0.41 |
Earnings per common share from discontinued operations |  | — |  |  | 0.05 |
Total earnings per common share – basic |  | $ | 0.39 |  |  | $ | 0.46 |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic |  | 89,925 |  |  | 89,344 |
|  | Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except per share amounts) |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Earnings per common share calculation – diluted |  |  |  |
Income from continuing operations attributable to common shareholders, net of amount allocated to participating securities |  | $ | 34,823 |  |  | $ | 36,422 |
Income allocated to common units from continuing operations |  | 273 |  |  | 328 |
Income from continuing operations attributable to common shareholders, as adjusted |  | $ | 35,096 |  |  | $ | 36,750 |
Income from discontinued operations attributable to common shareholders |  | — |  |  | 5,076 |
Net income attributable to common shareholders – diluted |  | $ | 35,096 |  |  | $ | 41,826 |
Earnings per common share from continuing operations |  | $ | 0.39 |  |  | $ | 0.41 |
Earnings per common share from discontinued operations |  | — |  |  | 0.05 |
Total earnings per common share – diluted |  | $ | 0.39 |  |  | $ | 0.46 |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic |  | 89,925 |  |  | 89,344 |
Incremental shares issuable from assumed conversion of: |  |  |  |
Common share options and share awards granted |  | 218 |  |  | 355 |
Common units |  | 806 |  |  | 810 |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – diluted |  | 90,949 |  |  | 90,509 |

4. Common Shares
13

Table of Contents
In November 2014, we created an at-the-market ("ATM") share offering program through which we can, but have no obligation to, sell common shares having an aggregate offering price of up to $331.3 million, with $315.3 million remaining available for sale as of the date of this filing. There were no shares sold during the three months ended March 31, 2017 or 2016, and no shares have been sold through the date of this filing.
In January 2008, our Board of Trust Managers approved an increase of the April 2007 repurchase plan to allow for the repurchase of up to $500 million of our common equity securities through open market purchases, block purchases, and privately negotiated transactions. Under this program, we repurchased 4.3 million shares for a total of approximately $230.2 million from April 2007 through December 31, 2008 and there have not been any shares repurchased subsequent to that date. As of the date of this filing, the remaining dollar value of our common equity securities authorized to be repurchased under the program was approximately $269.8 million.
We currently have an automatic shelf registration statement which allows us to offer, from time to time, common shares, preferred shares, debt securities, or warrants. Our Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust provides we may issue up to 185 million shares of beneficial interest, consisting of 175 million common shares and 10 million preferred shares. At March 31, 2017, we had approximately 87.6 million common shares outstanding, net of treasury shares and shares held in our deferred compensation arrangements, and no preferred shares outstanding.
5. Acquisitions, Dispositions and Discontinued Operations
Acquisitions of Land. In April 2017, we acquired approximately 8.2 acres of land in San Diego, California for $20.0 million. There were no acquisitions of land during the three months ended March 31, 2017. In February 2016, we acquired approximately 2.0 acres of land in Charlotte, North Carolina for approximately $4.1 million.
Land Holding Dispositions. We did not sell any land during the three months ended March 31, 2017. In February 2016, we sold approximately 6.3 acres of land adjacent to an operating property in Tampa, Florida for approximately $2.2 million and recognized a gain of approximately $0.4 million.
Discontinued Operations. We did not have any discontinued operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017. In April 2016, we sold 15 operating properties, comprised of an aggregate of 4,918 apartment homes, with an average age of 23 years, a retail center and approximately 19.6 acres of land, all located in Las Vegas, Nevada, to an unaffiliated third party for an aggregate of approximately $630.0 million and recognized a gain of approximately $375.2 million.
The following is a summary of income from discontinued operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 relating to the 15 operating properties and the retail center held for sale at March 31, 2016, which were subsequently sold in April 2016.

|  | Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands) |  | 2016
Property revenues |  | $ | 14,827 |
Property expenses |  | (5,148 | )
|  | $ | 9,679 |
Property management expense |  | (176 | )
Depreciation and amortization |  | (4,327 | )
Income tax expense |  | (100 | )
Income from discontinued operations |  | $ | 5,076 |

6. Investments in Joint Ventures
As of March 31, 2017, our equity investments in unconsolidated joint ventures, which we account for utilizing the equity method of accounting, consisted of three investment funds (collectively, the "Funds"), with our ownership percentages ranging from 20.0% to 31.3%. One of the Funds, in which we have a 20.0% ownership interest, did not own any properties for any periods presented. We provide property and asset management and other services to the Funds which own operating properties and we may also provide construction and development services to the Funds which own properties under development. The following table summarizes the combined balance sheet and statement of income data for the Funds as of and for the periods presented:
14

Table of Contents

(in millions) | March 31, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Total assets | $ | 717.3 |  |  | $ | 726.9 |
Total third-party debt | 519.2 |  |  | 518.7 |
Total equity | 183.4 |  |  | 184.0 |

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions) | 2017 |  | 2016
Total revenues | $ | 30.0 |  |  | $ | 29.5 |
Net income | 3.8 |  |  | 2.8 |
Equity in income (1) | 1.8 |  |  | 1.5 |

(1) | Equity in income excludes our ownership interest of fee income from various services provided by us to the Funds.

The Funds have been funded in part with secured third-party debt and, as of March 31, 2017, we had no outstanding guarantees related to debt of the Funds.
We may earn fees for property and asset management, construction, development, and other services related to joint ventures in which we own an equity interest and may earn a promoted equity interest if certain thresholds are met. We eliminate fee income for services provided to these joint ventures to the extent of our ownership. Fees earned for these services, net of eliminations, were approximately $1.3 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.
7. Notes Payable
The following is a summary of our indebtedness:

(in millions) |  | March 31, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Senior unsecured notes (1) |  |  |  |
5.83% Notes, due 2017 |  | $ | 246.7 |  |  | $ | 246.6 |
4.78% Notes, due 2021 |  | 248.5 |  |  | 248.4 |
3.15% Notes, due 2022 |  | 346.1 |  |  | 346.0 |
5.07% Notes, due 2023 |  | 247.3 |  |  | 247.2 |
4.36% Notes, due 2024 |  | 248.3 |  |  | 248.2 |
3.68% Notes, due 2024 |  | 246.9 |  |  | 246.8 |
|  | $ | 1,583.8 |  |  | $ | 1,583.2 |
Secured notes (1) |  |  |  |
1.37% – 5.77% Conventional Mortgage Notes, due 2018 – 2045 |  | 866.5 |  |  | 866.7 |
Tax-exempt Mortgage Note (2) |  | — |  |  | 30.7 |
|  | $ | 866.5 |  |  | $ | 897.4 |
Total notes payable |  | $ | 2,450.3 |  |  | $ | 2,480.6 |
Other floating rate debt included in secured notes (1.37%) |  | $ | 175.0 |  |  | $ | 175.0 |

(1) | Unamortized debt discounts and debt issuance costs of $14.4 million and $15.7 million are included in senior unsecured and secured notes payable as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

(2) | Due initially in 2028; however, this secured notes payable was repaid in February 2017. See below for further discussion.

We have a $600 million unsecured credit facility which matures in August 2019, with two six-month options to extend the maturity date at our election to August 2020. Additionally, we have the option to further increase our credit facility to $900 million by either adding additional banks to the facility or obtaining the agreement of the existing banks to increase their commitments. The interest rate on our credit facility is based upon the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") plus a margin which is subject to change as our credit ratings change. Advances under our credit facility may be priced at the scheduled rates, or we may enter into bid rate loans with participating banks at rates below the scheduled rates. These bid rate loans have terms of 180 days or less and may not exceed the lesser of $300 million or the remaining amount available under our
15

Table of Contents
credit facility. Our credit facility is subject to customary financial covenants and limitations. We believe we are in compliance with all such financial covenants and limitations on the date of this filing.
Our credit facility provides us with the ability to issue up to $50 million in letters of credit. While our issuance of letters of credit does not increase our borrowings outstanding under our credit facility, it does reduce the amount available. At March 31, 2017, we had no balances outstanding on our $600 million credit facility and we had outstanding letters of credit totaling approximately $12.7 million, leaving approximately $587.3 million available under our credit facility.
In February 2017, we used available cash on-hand to repay our tax-exempt secured notes payable of approximately $30.7 million, which was due to initially mature in 2028. As a result of the early repayment, we expensed approximately $0.3 million of unamortized loan costs and other fees, which are reflected in the loss on early retirement of debt in our condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.
At March 31, 2017, we had outstanding floating rate debt of approximately $175.0 million. At March 31, 2016, we had outstanding floating rate debt of approximately $492.1 million, which included amounts borrowed under our unsecured credit facility and unsecured short-term borrowings. The weighted average interest rate on such debt was approximately 1.4% for each of the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.
Our indebtedness had a weighted average maturity of approximately 4.6 years at March 31, 2017. The table below is a summary of the maturity dates of our outstanding debt and principal amortizations, and the weighted average interest rates on such debt, at March 31, 2017:

(in millions) |  | Amount |  | Weighted Average Interest Rate
2017 |  | $ | 245.8 |  |  | 5.8% |
2018 |  | 173.8 |  |  | 1.4 |
2019 |  | 643.2 |  |  | 5.4 |
2020 (1) |  | (1.1 | ) |  | — |
2021 |  | 249.1 |  |  | 4.8 |
Thereafter |  | 1,139.5 |  |  | 4.0 |
Total |  | $ | 2,450.3 |  |  | 4.4 | %

(1) | Includes amortization of debt discounts and debt issuance costs, net of scheduled principal payments.

8. Share-Based Compensation and Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan
Incentive Compensation. During the second quarter of 2011, our Board of Trust Managers adopted, and our shareholders approved, the 2011 Share Incentive Plan of Camden Property Trust (as amended, the "2011 Share Plan"). Under the 2011 Share Plan, we may issue up to a total of approximately 9.1 million fungible units (the "Fungible Pool Limit"), which is comprised of approximately 5.8 million new fungible units plus approximately 3.3 million fungible units previously available for issuance under the 2002 Share Incentive Plan of Camden Property Trust based on a 3.45 to 1.0 fungible unit to full value award conversion ratio. Fungible units represent the baseline for the number of shares available for issuance under the 2011 Share Plan. Different types of awards are counted differently against the Fungible Pool Limit, as follows:

• | Each share issued or to be issued in connection with an award, other than an option, right or other award which does not deliver the full value at grant of the underlying shares, will be counted against the Fungible Pool Limit as 3.45 fungible pool units;

• | Options and other awards which do not deliver the full value at grant of the underlying shares and which expire more than five years from date of grant will be counted against the Fungible Pool Limit as one fungible unit; and

• | Options, rights and other awards which do not deliver the full value at grant and expire five years or less from the date of grant will be counted against the Fungible Pool Limit as 0.83 of a fungible unit.

At March 31, 2017, approximately 2.9 million fungible units were available under the 2011 Share Plan, which results in approximately 0.8 million common shares which may be granted pursuant to full value awards based on the 3.45 to 1.0 fungible unit to full value award conversion ratio.
16

Table of Contents
Awards which may be granted under the 2011 Share Plan include incentive share options, non-qualified share options (which may be granted separately or in connection with an option), share awards, dividends and dividend equivalents and other equity based awards. Persons eligible to receive awards under the 2011 Share Plan are trust managers, directors of our affiliates, executive and other officers, key employees and consultants, as determined by the Compensation Committee of our Board of Trust Managers. The 2011 Share Plan will expire on May 11, 2021.
Options. New options are exercisable, subject to the terms and conditions of the 2011 Share Plan, in increments ranging from 20% to 33.33% per year on each of the anniversaries of the date of grant. The 2011 Share Plan provides that the exercise price of an option will be determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Trust Managers on the day of grant, and to date all options have been granted at an exercise price that equals the fair market value on the date of grant. Approximately 39,000 options were exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2017, and no options were exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2016. The total intrinsic value of options exercised was approximately $2.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017. At March 31, 2017, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested options. At March 31, 2017, all options outstanding were exercisable and had a weighted average remaining life of approximately 1.7 years.
The following table summarizes outstanding share options, all of which were exercisable, at March 31, 2017:

|  | Options Outstanding and Exercisable (1)
Exercise Prices |  | Number |  | Weighted Average Price
$30.06 |  | 26,114 |  |  | $ | 30.06 |
$75.17 |  | 26,752 |  |  | 75.17 |
$80.89 - $85.05 |  | 27,476 |  |  | 82.84 |
Total options |  | 80,342 |  |  | $ | 63.13 |

(1) | The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding and exercisable at March 31, 2017 was $1.5 million. The aggregate intrinsic value was calculated as the excess, if any, between our closing share price of $80.46 per share on March 31, 2017 and the strike price of the underlying award.

Options Granted and Valuation Assumptions. During the three months ended March 31, 2017, we granted approximately 15,000 reload options. Reload options are granted for the number of shares tendered as payment for the exercise price upon the exercise of an option with a reload provision. The reload options granted have an exercise price equal to the fair market value of a common share on the date of grant and expire on the same date as the original options which were exercised. The reload options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2017, vested immediately and approximately $0.1 million was expensed on the reload date. We estimate the fair values of each option award including reloads on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The following assumptions were used for the reload options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2017:

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
Weighted average fair value of options granted | 5.25
Expected volatility | 18.9%
Risk-free interest rate | 1.3%
Expected dividend yield | 5.5%
Expected life | 2 years

Our computation of expected volatility for 2017 is based on the historical volatility of our common shares over a time period equal to the expected life of the option and ending on the grant date, and the interest rate for periods within the contractual life of the award is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The expected dividend yield on our common shares is based on the historical dividend yield over the expected term of the options granted. Our computation of expected life is based upon historical experience of similar awards, giving consideration to the contractual terms of the share-based awards.
Share Awards and Vesting. Share awards for employees generally have a vesting period of three to five years. The compensation cost for share awards is generally based on the market value of the shares on the date of grant and is amortized over the vesting period. In the event the holder of the share awards will reach both the retirement eligibility age of 65 years and the service requirements as defined in the 2011 Share Plan before the term in which the awards are scheduled to vest, the value
17

Table of Contents
of the share awards is amortized from the date of grant to the individual's retirement eligibility date. Effective with our adoption of ASU 2016-09 on January 1, 2017, we utilized actual forfeitures rather than estimating forfeitures at the time share-based awards were granted. See Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements," for a further discussion of the adoption and impact of ASU 2016-09 on our consolidated financial statements. At March 31, 2017, the unamortized value of previously issued unvested share awards was approximately $34.8 million, which is expected to be amortized over the next three years. The total fair value of shares vested during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 was approximately $21.5 million and $20.9 million, respectively.
Total compensation cost for option and share awards charged against income was approximately $4.7 million and $5.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Total capitalized compensation cost for option and share awards was approximately $0.9 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.
The following table summarizes activity under our share incentive plans for the three months ended March 31, 2017:

| Options Outstanding |  | Weighted Average Exercise / Grant Price |  | Nonvested Share Awards Outstanding |  | Weighted Average Exercise / Grant Price
Options and nonvested share awards outstanding at December 31, 2016 | 105,066 |  |  | $ | 48.27 |  |  | 604,487 |  |  | $ | 71.03 |
Granted | 14,622 |  |  | 80.89 |  |  | 205,439 |  |  | 83.55 |
Exercised/Vested | (39,346 | ) |  | 30.06 |  |  | (299,368 | ) |  | 71.68 |
Forfeited | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,199 | ) |  | 71.95 |
Total options and nonvested share awards outstanding at March 31, 2017 | 80,342 |  |  | $ | 63.13 |  |  | 507,359 |  |  | $ | 75.71 |

Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Share Awards. Balances within temporary equity in our condensed consolidated balance sheets relate to fully vested awards and the proportionate share of nonvested awards of participants within our Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan who are permitted to diversify their shares into other equity securities subject to a six month holding period. The following table summarizes the eligible share award activity for the three months ended March 31, 2017:

(in thousands) |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
Temporary equity: |  |
Balance at December 31, 2016 |  | $ | 77,037 |
Change in classification |  | 4,234 |
Change in redemption value |  | (3,925 | )
Diversification of share awards |  | (1,642 | )
Balance at March 31, 2017 |  | $ | 75,704 |

9. Net Change in Operating Accounts
The effect of changes in the operating and other accounts on cash flows from operating activities is as follows:
18

Table of Contents

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands) | 2017 |  | 2016
Change in assets: |  |  |
Other assets, net | $ | 2,200 |  |  | $ | 6,073 |
Change in liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | (7,786 | ) |  | 1,768 |
Accrued real estate taxes | (24,359 | ) |  | (19,722 | )
Other liabilities | (2,211 | ) |  | (5,779 | )
Other | 743 |  |  | 740 |
Change in operating accounts and other | $ | (31,413 | ) |  | $ | (16,920 | )

10. Commitments and Contingencies
Construction Contracts. As of March 31, 2017, we estimate the total additional cost to complete the six consolidated projects currently under construction to be approximately $204.5 million. We expect to fund this amount through a combination of one or more of the following: cash and cash equivalents, cash flows generated from operations, draws on our unsecured credit facility, the use of debt and equity offerings under our automatic shelf registration statement, proceeds from property dispositions, equity issued from our ATM program, other unsecured borrowings or secured mortgages.
Other Commitments and Contingencies. In the ordinary course of our business, we issue letters of intent indicating a willingness to negotiate for acquisitions, dispositions, or joint ventures and also enter into arrangements contemplating various transactions. Such letters of intent and other arrangements are non-binding as to either party unless and until a definitive contract is entered into by the parties. Even if definitive contracts relating to the purchase or sale of real property are entered into, these contracts generally provide the purchaser with time to evaluate the property and conduct due diligence, during which periods the purchaser will have the ability to terminate the contracts without penalty or forfeiture of any deposit or earnest money. There can be no assurance definitive contracts will be entered into with respect to any matter covered by letters of intent or we will consummate any transaction contemplated by any definitive contract. Furthermore, due diligence periods for real property are frequently extended as needed. An acquisition or sale of real property becomes probable at the time the due diligence period expires and the definitive contract has not been terminated. We are then at risk under a real property acquisition contract, but generally only to the extent of any earnest money deposits associated with the contract, and are obligated to sell under a real property sales contract. At March 31, 2017, we had $2.0 million of non-refundable earnest money deposits for a potential acquisition of land which is included in other assets, net in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. In April 2017, subsequent to quarter end, we acquired this land holding for $20.0 million. See Note 5, "Acquisitions, Dispositions, and Discontinued Operations" for further discussion on this acquisition.
Lease Commitments. At March 31, 2017, we had long-term leases covering certain land, office facilities, and equipment. Rental expense totaled approximately $1.0 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. Minimum annual rental commitments for the remainder of 2017 are $2.2 million, and for the years ending December 31, 2018 through 2021 are approximately $2.7 million, $2.5 million, $2.5 million, and $2.5 million, respectively, and approximately $8.6 million in the aggregate thereafter.
Investments in Joint Ventures. We have entered into, and may continue in the future to enter into, joint ventures or partnerships, including limited liability companies, through which we own an indirect economic interest in less than 100% of the community or land owned directly by the joint venture or partnership. Our decision whether to hold the entire interest in an apartment community or land ourselves, or to have an indirect interest in the community or land through a joint venture or partnership, is based on a variety of factors and considerations, including: (i) our projection, in some circumstances, that we will achieve higher returns on our invested capital or reduce our risk if a joint venture or partnership vehicle is used; (ii) our desire to diversify our portfolio of investments by market; (iii) our desire at times to preserve our capital resources to maintain liquidity or balance sheet strength; and (iv) the economic and tax terms required by a seller of land or of a community, who may prefer or who may require less payment if the land or community is contributed to a joint venture or partnership. Investments in joint ventures or partnerships are not limited to a specified percentage of our assets. Each joint venture or partnership agreement is individually negotiated, and our ability to operate or dispose of land or of a community in our sole discretion may be limited to varying degrees in our existing joint venture agreements and may be limited to varying degrees depending on the terms of future joint venture agreements.
19

Table of Contents
11. Income Taxes
We have maintained and intend to maintain our election as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. In order for us to continue to qualify as a REIT we must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute annual dividends to our shareholders equal to a minimum of 90% of our adjusted taxable income. As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at the corporate level to the extent such income is distributed to our shareholders annually. If our taxable income exceeds our dividends in a tax year, REIT tax rules allow us to designate dividends from the subsequent tax year in order to avoid current taxation on undistributed income. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal and state income taxes at regular corporate rates, including any applicable alternative minimum tax. In addition, we may not be able to requalify as a REIT for the four subsequent taxable years. Historically, we have incurred only state and local income, franchise, and excise taxes. Taxable income from non-REIT activities managed through taxable REIT subsidiaries is subject to applicable federal, state, and local income taxes. Our consolidated operating partnerships are flow-through entities and are not subject to federal income taxes at the entity level.
We have recorded income, franchise, and excise taxes in the condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 as income tax expense. Income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2017 primarily related to state income tax and federal taxes on certain of our taxable REIT subsidiaries. We have no significant temporary or permanent differences or tax credits associated with our taxable REIT subsidiaries.
We believe we have no uncertain tax positions or unrecognized tax benefits requiring disclosure as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2017.
12. Fair Value Measurements
Recurring Fair Value Measurements. The following table presents information about our financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 using the inputs and fair value hierarchy discussed in Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements":
Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

| March 31, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
(in millions) | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred compensation plan investments (1) | $ | 87.5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 87.5 |  |  | $ | 80.6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 80.6 |

(1) | Approximately $2.1 million and $8.3 million of participant cash was withdrawn from our deferred compensation plan investments during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and the year ended December 31, 2016, respectively. Approximately $1.6 million and $25.4 million of shares in the compensation plan were diversified into the deferred compensation plan investments during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and the year ended December 31, 2016, respectively.

Non-Recurring Fair Value Disclosures. There were no events during the three month periods ended March 31, 2017 or 2016 which required fair value adjustments of our non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities.
Financial Instrument Fair Value Disclosures. The following table presents the carrying and estimated fair values of our notes payable at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, in accordance with the policies discussed in Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements."
20

Table of Contents

| March 31, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
(in millions) | Carrying Value |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Carrying Value |  | Estimated Fair Value
Fixed rate notes payable | $ | 2,275.3 |  |  | $ | 2,350.5 |  |  | $ | 2,274.9 |  |  | $ | 2,347.0 |
Floating rate notes payable | 175.0 |  |  | 172.3 |  |  | 205.7 |  |  | 200.5 |

21

Table of Contents
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes appearing elsewhere in this report, as well as Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" within our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. Historical results and trends which might appear in the condensed consolidated financial statements should not be interpreted as being indicative of future operations.
We consider portions of this report to be "forward-looking" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, both as amended, with respect to our expectations for future periods. Forward-looking statements do not discuss historical fact, but instead include statements related to expectations, projections, intentions, or other items relating to the future; forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, results, or events. Although we believe the expectations reflected in our forward-looking statements are based upon reasonable assumptions, we can give no assurance our expectations will be achieved. Any statements contained herein which are not statements of historical fact should be deemed forward-looking statements. Reliance should not be placed on these forward-looking statements as these statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors beyond our control and could differ materially from our actual results and performance.
Factors which may cause our actual results or performance to differ materially from those contemplated by forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the following:

• | Volatility in capital and credit markets, or other unfavorable changes in economic conditions, either nationally or regionally in one or more of the markets in which we operate, could adversely impact us;

• | Short-term leases expose us to the effects of declining market rents;

• | Competition could limit our ability to lease apartments or increase or maintain rental income;

• | We face risks associated with land holdings and related activities;

• | Potential reforms to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac could adversely affect us;

• | Development, redevelopment and construction risks could impact our profitability;

• | Investments through joint ventures and discretionary funds involve risks not present in investments in which we are the sole investor;

• | Competition could adversely affect our ability to acquire properties;

• | Our acquisition strategy may not produce the cash flows expected;

• | Failure to qualify as a REIT could have adverse consequences;

• | Tax laws and related interpretations may change at any time, and any such legislative or other actions could have a negative effect on us;

• | Litigation risks could affect our business;

• | Damage from catastrophic weather and other natural events could result in losses;

• | A cybersecurity incident and other technology disruptions could negatively impact our business;

• | We have significant debt, which could have adverse consequences;

• | Insufficient cash flows could limit our ability to make required payments for debt obligations or pay distributions to shareholders;

• | Issuances of additional debt may adversely impact our financial condition;

• | We may be unable to renew, repay, or refinance our outstanding debt;

• | Rising interest rates could both increase our borrowing costs, thereby adversely affecting our cash flows and the amounts available for distribution to our shareholders, and decrease our share price, if investors seek higher yields through other investments;

• | Failure to maintain our current credit ratings could adversely affect our cost of funds, related margins, liquidity, and access to capital markets;

• | Share ownership limits and our ability to issue additional equity securities may prevent takeovers beneficial to shareholders;

• | Our share price will fluctuate; and

• | The form, timing and amount of dividend distributions in future periods may vary and be impacted by economic and other considerations.

These forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions as of the date of this report, and we assume no obligation to update or supplement forward-looking statements because of subsequent events.
22

Table of Contents
Executive Summary
We are primarily engaged in the ownership, management, development, redevelopment, acquisition, and construction of multifamily apartment communities. Overall, we focus on investing in markets characterized by high-growth economic conditions, strong employment, and attractive quality of life which we believe leads to higher demand and retention of our apartments. As of March 31, 2017, we owned interests in, operated, or were developing 159 multifamily properties comprised of 55,366 apartment homes across the United States. In addition, we own other land holdings which we may develop into multifamily apartment communities in the future.
Property Operations
Our results for the three months ended March 31, 2017 reflect an increase in same store revenues of 2.9% as compared to the same period in 2016. This increase was due to higher average rental rates and increased other property income. We believe this sustained increase in our property results was primarily attributable to improving job growth, favorable demographics, a manageable supply of new multifamily housing, and in part to more individuals choosing to rent versus buy as evidenced by the continued low level of homeownership rates, all of which have resulted in higher rental rates. We believe U.S. economic and employment growth is likely to continue during the remainder of 2017 and the supply of new multifamily homes, although increasing, will likely remain at manageable levels. If economic conditions were to worsen, our operating results could be adversely affected.
Construction Activity
At March 31, 2017, we had six projects under construction to be comprised of 2,250 apartment homes, with initial occupancy scheduled to occur within the next 15 months. As of March 31, 2017, we estimate the total additional cost to complete the construction of these six projects to be approximately $204.5 million.
Acquisitions
In April 2017, subsequent to quarter end, we acquired approximately 8.2 acres of land in San Diego, California for $20.0 million.
Future Outlook
Subject to market conditions, we intend to continue to seek opportunities to develop, redevelop and acquire existing communities. We also intend to evaluate our operating property and land development portfolio and plan to continue our practice of selective dispositions as market conditions warrant and opportunities arise. We expect to strengthen our capital and liquidity positions by continuing to focus on our core fundamentals which we believe are generating positive cash flows from operations, maintaining appropriate debt levels and leverage ratios, and controlling overhead costs. We intend to meet our near-term liquidity requirements through a combination of one or more of the following: cash and cash equivalents, cash flows generated from operations, draws on our unsecured credit facility, the use of debt and equity offerings under our automatic shelf registration statement, proceeds from property dispositions, equity issued from our at-the-market ("ATM") share offering program, other unsecured borrowings or secured mortgages.
As of March 31, 2017, we had approximately $245.5 million in cash and cash equivalents, and no balances outstanding on our $600 million unsecured credit facility. As of the date of this filing, we had common shares having an aggregate offering price of up to $315.3 million remaining available for sale under our ATM program. We believe debt maturing in 2017 is manageable at $245.8 million, which represents approximately 10.0% of our total outstanding debt. We believe we are well-positioned with a strong balance sheet and sufficient liquidity to cover near-term debt maturities and new development, redevelopment, and other capital funding requirements. We will, however, continue to assess and take further actions we believe are prudent to meet our objectives and capital requirements.
23

Table of Contents
Property Portfolio
Our multifamily property portfolio is summarized as follows:

| March 31, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
| Apartment Homes |  | Properties |  | Apartment Homes |  | Properties
Operating Properties |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Houston, Texas | 8,434 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 8,434 |  |  | 24 |
Dallas, Texas | 5,666 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 5,666 |  |  | 14 |
Washington, D.C. Metro | 5,635 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 5,635 |  |  | 16 |
Atlanta, Georgia | 4,246 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 4,246 |  |  | 13 |
Austin, Texas | 3,360 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 3,360 |  |  | 10 |
Charlotte, North Carolina | 3,076 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 2,753 |  |  | 12 |
Raleigh, North Carolina | 3,054 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 3,054 |  |  | 8 |
Orlando, Florida | 2,962 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 2,962 |  |  | 8 |
Phoenix, Arizona | 2,929 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 2,929 |  |  | 10 |
Southeast Florida | 2,781 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 2,781 |  |  | 8 |
Los Angeles/Orange County, California | 2,658 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 2,658 |  |  | 7 |
Tampa, Florida | 2,378 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 2,378 |  |  | 6 |
Denver, Colorado | 2,365 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 2,365 |  |  | 7 |
Corpus Christi, Texas | 1,907 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 1,907 |  |  | 4 |
San Diego/Inland Empire, California | 1,665 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 1,665 |  |  | 5 |
Total Operating Properties | 53,116 |  |  | 153 |  |  | 52,793 |  |  | 152 |
Properties Under Construction |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Washington, D.C. Metro | 1,227 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1,227 |  |  | 3 |
Phoenix, Arizona | 441 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 441 |  |  | 1 |
Houston, Texas | 315 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 315 |  |  | 1 |
Denver, Colorado | 267 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 267 |  |  | 1 |
Charlotte, North Carolina | — |  |  | — |  |  | 323 |  |  | 1 |
Total Properties Under Construction | 2,250 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 2,573 |  |  | 7 |
Total Properties | 55,366 |  |  | 159 |  |  | 55,366 |  |  | 159 |
Less: Unconsolidated Joint Venture Properties (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Houston, Texas | 2,522 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 2,522 |  |  | 8 |
Austin, Texas | 1,360 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 1,360 |  |  | 4 |
Dallas, Texas | 1,250 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1,250 |  |  | 3 |
Tampa, Florida | 450 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 450 |  |  | 1 |
Raleigh, North Carolina | 350 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 350 |  |  | 1 |
Orlando, Florida | 300 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 300 |  |  | 1 |
Washington, D.C. Metro | 281 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 281 |  |  | 1 |
Corpus Christi, Texas | 270 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 270 |  |  | 1 |
Charlotte, North Carolina | 266 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 266 |  |  | 1 |
Atlanta, Georgia | 234 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 234 |  |  | 1 |
Total Unconsolidated Joint Venture Properties | 7,283 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 7,283 |  |  | 22 |
Total Properties Fully Consolidated | 48,083 |  |  | 137 |  |  | 48,083 |  |  | 137 |

(1) | Refer to Note 6, "Investments in Joint Ventures," in the notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of our joint venture investments.

24

Table of Contents
Stabilized Communities
We generally consider a property stabilized once it reaches 90% occupancy. During the three months ended March 31, 2017, stabilization was achieved at one consolidated operating property as follows:

Property and Location | Number of Apartment Homes |  | Date of Construction Completion |  | Date of Stabilization
Consolidated Operating Property |  |  |  |  |
The Camden |  |  |  |  |
Hollywood, CA | 287 |  |  | 4Q16 |  | 1Q17

Completed Construction in Lease-Up
At March 31, 2017, we had two consolidated completed operating properties in lease-up as follows:

($ in millions) Property and Location | Number of Apartment Homes |  | Cost Incurred (2) |  | % Leased at 4/29/2017 |  | Date of Construction Completion |  | Estimated Date of Stabilization
Camden Gallery (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Charlotte, NC | 323 |  | $ | 58.7 |  |  | 95 | % |  | 1Q17 |  | 2Q17
Camden Victory Park |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dallas, TX | 423 |  | 84.7 |  |  | 86 | % |  | 3Q16 |  | 4Q17
Total | 746 |  | $ | 143.4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1) Stabilization has been achieved at this property subsequent to quarter-end.
(2) Excludes leasing costs, which are expensed as incurred.
Properties Under Development and Land
Our condensed consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2017 included approximately $377.1 million related to properties under development and land. Of this amount, approximately $246.1 million related to our projects currently under construction. In addition, we had approximately $119.9 million invested primarily in land held for future development related to projects we expect to begin constructing during the next two years and approximately $11.1 million invested in land which we may develop in the future.
Communities Under Construction. At March 31, 2017, we had six consolidated properties in various stages of construction as follows:

($ in millions) Property and Location | Number of Apartment Homes |  | Estimated Cost |  | Cost Incurred |  | Included in Properties Under Development |  | Estimated Date of Construction Completion |  | Estimated Date of Stabilization
Camden Lincoln Station (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Denver, CO | 267 |  |  | $ | 56.0 |  |  | $ | 52.2 |  |  | $ | 27.4 |  |  | 2Q17 |  | 1Q18
Camden NoMa II (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Washington, DC | 405 |  |  | 115.0 |  |  | 104.4 |  |  | 27.3 |  |  | 3Q17 |  | 4Q19
Camden Shady Grove (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rockville, MD | 457 |  |  | 116.0 |  |  | 98.5 |  |  | 79.0 |  |  | 1Q18 |  | 4Q19
Camden McGowen Station |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Houston, TX | 315 |  |  | 90.0 |  |  | 44.6 |  |  | 44.6 |  |  | 2Q18 |  | 3Q19
Camden Washingtonian |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gaithersburg, MD | 365 |  |  | 90.0 |  |  | 37.4 |  |  | 37.4 |  |  | 4Q18 |  | 4Q19
Camden North End I |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Phoenix, AZ | 441 |  |  | 105.0 |  |  | 30.4 |  |  | 30.4 |  |  | 2Q19 |  | 2Q20
Total | 2,250 |  |  | $ | 572.0 |  |  | $ | 367.5 |  |  | $ | 246.1 |  |  |  |  |

(1) | Property in lease-up and was 45% leased at April 29, 2017.

(2) | Property in lease-up and was 24% leased at April 29, 2017.

(3) | Property in lease-up and was 14% leased at April 29, 2017.

25

Table of Contents
Development Pipeline Communities. At March 31, 2017, we had the following consolidated communities undergoing development activities:

($ in millions) Property and Location | Projected Homes |  | Total Estimated Cost (1) |  | Cost to Date
Camden Grandview II |  |  |  |  |
Charlotte, NC | 28 |  |  | $ | 21.0 |  |  | $ | 6.5 |
Camden Buckhead (2) |  |  |  |  |
Atlanta, GA | 375 |  |  | 104.0 |  |  | 16.6 |
Camden RiNo |  |  |  |  |
Denver, CO | 230 |  |  | 70.0 |  |  | 18.0 |
Camden Gallery II |  |  |  |  |
Charlotte, NC | 5 |  |  | 3.0 |  |  | 1.0 |
Camden Arts District |  |  |  |  |
Los Angeles, CA | 354 |  |  | 150.0 |  |  | 17.4 |
Camden Conte (3) |  |  |  |  |
Houston, TX | 519 |  |  | 170.0 |  |  | 22.8 |
Camden North End II |  |  |  |  |
Phoenix, AZ | 326 |  |  | 73.0 |  |  | 11.7 |
Camden Atlantic |  |  |  |  |
Plantation, FL | 286 |  |  | 62.0 |  |  | 14.5 |
Camden Paces III |  |  |  |  |
Atlanta, GA | 350 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | 11.4 |
Total | 2,473 |  |  | $ | 753.0 |  |  | $ | 119.9 |

(1) | Represents our estimate of total costs we expect to incur on these projects. However, forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, results, or events. Although we believe these expectations are based upon reasonable assumptions, future events rarely develop exactly as forecasted, and estimates routinely require adjustment.

(2) | Camden Buckhead is Phase 2 of our Paces development.

(3) | Anticipated to be developed in two phases. The estimated units, estimated cost, and cost to date represent both phases.

Land Holdings. At March 31, 2017, we had the following investment in land:

($ in millions) Location | Acres |  | Cost to Date
Phoenix, AZ | 14.0 |  |  | $ | 11.1 |

Results of Operations
Changes in revenues and expenses related to our operating properties from period to period are due primarily to the performance of stabilized properties in the portfolio, the lease-up of newly constructed properties, acquisitions, and dispositions. Where appropriate, comparisons of income and expense for communities included in continuing operations are made on a dollars-per-weighted average apartment home basis in order to adjust for such changes in the number of apartment homes owned during each period. Selected weighted averages for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
2017 |  | 2016
Average monthly property revenue per apartment home | $ | 1,601 |  |  | $ | 1,523 |
Annualized total property expenses per apartment home | $ | 6,954 |  |  | $ | 6,478 |
Weighted average number of operating apartment homes owned 100% | 45,710 |  |  | 47,634 |
Weighted average occupancy of operating apartment homes owned 100% * | 94.7 | % |  | 95.3 | %

* | Our one student housing community is excluded from this calculation.

26

Table of Contents
Management considers property net operating income ("NOI") to be an appropriate supplemental measure of operating performance to net income because it reflects the operating performance of our communities without allocation of corporate level property management overhead or general and administrative costs. We define NOI as total property income less property operating and maintenance expenses less real estate taxes. NOI is further detailed in the Property-Level NOI table as seen below. NOI is not defined by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") and should not be considered an alternative to net income as an indication of our operating performance. Additionally, NOI as disclosed by other REITs may not be comparable to our calculation.
Reconciliations of net income to NOI for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands) |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net income |  | $ | 35,989 |  |  | $ | 42,940 |
Less: Fee and asset management income |  | (1,748 | ) |  | (1,765 | )
Less: Interest and other income |  | (634 | ) |  | (224 | )
Less: Income on deferred compensation plans |  | (4,617 | ) |  | (63 | )
Plus: Property management expense |  | 7,027 |  |  | 7,140 |
Plus: Fee and asset management expense |  | 884 |  |  | 952 |
Plus: General and administrative expense |  | 12,868 |  |  | 12,223 |
Plus: Interest expense |  | 22,956 |  |  | 23,790 |
Plus: Depreciation and amortization expense |  | 63,734 |  |  | 62,091 |
Plus: Expense on deferred compensation plans |  | 4,617 |  |  | 63 |
Plus: Loss on early retirement of debt |  | 323 |  |  | — |
Less: Gain on sale of land |  | — |  |  | (443 | )
Less: Equity in income of joint ventures |  | (1,817 | ) |  | (1,497 | )
Plus: Income tax expense |  | 471 |  |  | 315 |
Less: Income from discontinued operations |  | — |  |  | (5,076 | )
Net operating income |  | $ | 140,053 |  |  | $ | 140,446 |

Property-Level NOI (1)
Property NOI, as reconciled above, is detailed further into the following categories for the three months ended March 31, 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016 :

($ in thousands) | Apartment Homes at |  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Change
3/31/2017 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | $ |  | %
Property revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Same store communities | 41,988 |  |  | $ | 196,309 |  |  | $ | 190,753 |  |  | $ | 5,556 |  |  | 2.9 | %
Non-same store communities | 3,099 |  |  | 18,203 |  |  | 12,890 |  |  | 5,313 |  |  | 41.2 |
Development and lease-up communities | 2,996 |  |  | 3,455 |  |  | 105 |  |  | 3,350 |  |  | *
Dispositions/other | — |  |  | 1,554 |  |  | 13,847 |  |  | (12,293 | ) |  | (88.8 | )
Total property revenues | 48,083 |  |  | $ | 219,521 |  |  | $ | 217,595 |  |  | $ | 1,926 |  |  | 0.9 | %
Property expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Same store communities | 41,988 |  |  | $ | 71,700 |  |  | $ | 68,206 |  |  | $ | 3,494 |  |  | 5.1 | %
Non-same store communities | 3,099 |  |  | 5,742 |  |  | 4,241 |  |  | 1,501 |  |  | 35.4 |
Development and lease-up communities | 2,996 |  |  | 1,556 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 1,467 |  |  | *
Dispositions/other | — |  |  | 470 |  |  | 4,613 |  |  | (4,143 | ) |  | (89.8 | )
Total property expenses | 48,083 |  |  | $ | 79,468 |  |  | $ | 77,149 |  |  | $ | 2,319 |  |  | 3.0 | %

27

Table of Contents

($ in thousands) | Apartment Homes at |  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Change
3/31/2017 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | $ |  | %
Property NOI: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Same store communities | 41,988 |  |  | $ | 124,609 |  |  | $ | 122,547 |  |  | $ | 2,062 |  |  | 1.7 | %
Non-same store communities | 3,099 |  |  | 12,461 |  |  | 8,649 |  |  | 3,812 |  |  | 44.1 |
Development and lease-up communities | 2,996 |  |  | 1,899 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 1,883 |  |  | *
Dispositions/other | — |  |  | 1,084 |  |  | 9,234 |  |  | (8,150 | ) |  | (88.3 | )
Total property NOI | 48,083 |  |  | $ | 140,053 |  |  | $ | 140,446 |  |  | $ | (393 | ) |  | (0.3 | )%

* | Not a meaningful percentage.

(1) | Same store communities are communities we owned and were stabilized as of January 1, 2016, excluding assets held for sale. Non-same store communities are stabilized communities not owned or stabilized as of January 1, 2016, excluding assets held for sale. Management believes same store information is useful as it allows both management and investors to determine financial results over a particular period for the same set of communities. Development and lease-up communities are non-stabilized communities we have acquired or developed since January 1, 2016, excluding assets held for sale. Dispositions/other includes those communities disposed of or held for sale which are not classified as discontinued operations. Other includes non-multifamily rental properties and expenses related to land holdings not under active development.

Same Store Analysis
Same store property NOI increased approximately $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016. The increase was due to an increase of approximately $5.6 million in same store property revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2017, partially offset by an increase of approximately $3.5 million in same store property expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016. The $5.6 million increase in same store property revenues during the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, was due in part to an increase in same store rental revenues of approximately $3.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017, which was primarily due to a 2.6% increase in average rental rates and partially offset by a slight decrease in average occupancy for our same store portfolio during the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016. The increase in same store property revenues was also due to an increase of approximately $2.0 million in other property revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, primarily due to an increase in income from our bulk internet rebilling program.
The $3.5 million increase in same store property expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, was primarily due to higher real estate taxes as a result of increased property valuations at a number of our communities, higher property insurance expenses and higher bulk internet rebilling program expenses.
Non-same Store and Development and Lease-up Analysis
Property NOI from non-same store and development and lease-up communities increased approximately $5.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016. The increase was due to an increase of approximately $8.7 million in revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2017, partially offset by an increase of approximately $3.0 million in expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016. The increases in property revenues and expenses from our non-same store communities were primarily due to five operating properties reaching stabilization during 2016 and the three months ended March 31, 2017. The increases in property revenues and expenses from our development and lease-up communities were primarily due to the completion and partial lease up of two properties during 2016 and the three months ended March 31, 2017, and the partial lease-up of three properties which were under construction at March 31, 2017.
Dispositions/Other Property Analysis
Dispositions/other property NOI decreased approximately $8.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease was primarily due to the disposition of one dual-phase operating property and six other operating properties in 2016.
28

Table of Contents
Non-Property Income

($ in thousands) | Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Change
2017 |  | 2016 |  | $ |  | %
Fee and asset management | $ | 1,748 |  |  | $ | 1,765 |  |  | $ | (17 | ) |  | (1.0 | )%
Interest and other income | 634 |  |  | 224 |  |  | 410 |  |  | *
Income on deferred compensation plans | 4,617 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 4,554 |  |  | *
Total non-property income | $ | 6,999 |  |  | $ | 2,052 |  |  | $ | 4,947 |  |  | 241.1 | %

* Not a meaningful percentage.
Interest and other income increased approximately $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016. The increase was due to higher interest income earned on investments in cash and cash equivalents due to an increase in average cash balances during the three months ended March 31, 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016.
Our deferred compensation plans recognized income of approximately $4.6 million and $0.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The changes were related to the performance of the investments held in deferred compensation plans for participants and were directly offset by the expense related to these plans, as discussed below.
Other Expenses

($ in thousands) | Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Change
2017 |  | 2016 |  | $ |  | %
Property management | $ | 7,027 |  |  | $ | 7,140 |  |  | $ | (113 | ) |  | (1.6 | )%
Fee and asset management | 884 |  |  | 952 |  |  | (68 | ) |  | (7.1 | )
General and administrative | 12,868 |  |  | 12,223 |  |  | 645 |  |  | 5.3 |
Interest | 22,956 |  |  | 23,790 |  |  | (834 | ) |  | (3.5 | )
Depreciation and amortization | 63,734 |  |  | 62,091 |  |  | 1,643 |  |  | 2.6 |
Expense on deferred compensation plans | 4,617 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 4,554 |  |  | *
Total other expenses | $ | 112,086 |  |  | $ | 106,259 |  |  | $ | 5,827 |  |  | 5.5 | %

* Not a meaningful percentage.
Property management expense, which represents regional supervision and accounting costs related to property operations, was relatively flat for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, and was 3.2% and 3.3% of total property revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
General and administrative expense increased approximately $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016. The increase for the three months ended March 31, 2017 was primarily due to higher salary and benefit costs, higher travel expenses and other discretionary expenses as compared to the same period in 2016. General and administrative expenses were 5.8% and 5.6% of total property revenues and non-property income, excluding income on deferred compensation plans, for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2017 decreased approximately $0.8 million, as compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease for the three months ended March 31, 2017 was primarily due to lower interest expense on our unsecured credit facility as there were no balances outstanding during the three months ended March 31, 2017 as compared to having amounts outstanding during the same period in 2016. The decrease was partially offset by lower capitalized interest during the three months ended March 31, 2017, resulting from lower average balances in our development pipeline.
Depreciation and amortization expense increased approximately $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016. The increase was primarily due to the completion of units in our development pipeline, the completion of repositions, and increase s in capital improvements placed in service during 2017 and 2016. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in depreciation expense related to the disposition of one operating property in June 2016, and the disposition of one dual-phased operating property and six other operating properties in 2016.
29

Table of Contents
Our deferred compensation plans incurred expenses of approximately $4.6 million and $0.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The changes were related to the performance of the investments held in deferred compensation plans for participants and were directly offset by the income related to these plans, as discussed in the non-property income section above.
Other

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Change
($ in thousands) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | $ |  | %
Loss on early retirement of debt | $ | (323 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (323 | ) |  | (100.0 | )%
Gain on sale of land | $ | — |  |  | $ | 443 |  |  | $ | (443 | ) |  | 100.0 |
Equity in income of joint ventures | 1,817 |  |  | 1,497 |  |  | 320 |  |  | 21.4 |
Income tax expense | (471 | ) |  | (315 | ) |  | (156 | ) |  | (49.5 | )

The $0.3 million loss on early retirement of debt during the three months ended March 31, 2017 is related to the early retirement of our $30.7 million tax-exempt secured notes payable which was due to initially mature in 2028. The loss on early retirement of debt includes the applicable unamortized loan costs and other fees expensed related to this notes payable.
The $0.4 million gain on sale during the three months ended March 31, 2016 related to the sale of approximately 6.3 acres of land adjacent to an operating property in Tampa, Florida for approximately $2.2 million. There were no sales completed during the three months ended March 31, 2017.
Equity in income of joint ventures increased approximately $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016. The increase was primarily due to an increase in earnings resulting from higher rental revenues from the operating properties owned by the Funds. The increase was also due to lower interest expense from existing secured notes payable of certain operating properties owned by the Funds being restructured during 2016 at lower weighted average interest rates.
Funds from Operations ("FFO") and Adjusted FFO ("AFFO")
Management considers FFO and AFFO to be appropriate measures of the financial performance of an equity REIT. The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts ("NAREIT") currently defines FFO as net income (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (or losses) associated with the sale of previously depreciated operating properties, real estate depreciation and amortization, impairments of depreciable assets, and adjustments for unconsolidated joint ventures to reflect FFO on the same basis. Our calculation of diluted FFO also assumes conversion of all potentially dilutive securities, including certain non-controlling interests, which are convertible into common shares. We consider FFO to be an appropriate supplemental measure of operating performance because, by excluding gains or losses on dispositions of operating properties, and depreciation, FFO can assist in the comparison of the operating performance of a company's real estate investments between periods or to different companies.
AFFO is calculated utilizing FFO less recurring capitalized expenditures which are necessary to help preserve the value of and maintain the functionality at our communities. We also consider AFFO to be a useful supplemental measure because it is frequently used by analysts and investors to evaluate a REIT's operating performance between periods or different companies. Our definition of recurring capital expenditures may differ from other REITs, and there can be no assurance our basis for computing this measure is comparable to other REITs.
To facilitate a clear understanding of our consolidated historical operating results, we believe FFO and AFFO should be examined in conjunction with net income attributable to common shareholders as presented in the condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income and data included elsewhere in this report. FFO and AFFO are not defined by GAAP and should not be considered alternatives to net income attributable to common shareholders as an indication of our operating performance. Additionally, FFO and AFFO as disclosed by other REITs may not be comparable to our calculation.
30

Table of Contents
Reconciliations of net income attributable to common shareholders to FFO and AFFO for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in thousands) | 2017 |  | 2016
Funds from operations |  |  |
Net income attributable to common shareholders | $ | 34,861 |  |  | $ | 41,730 |
Real estate depreciation and amortization, including discontinued operations | 62,153 |  |  | 64,812 |
Adjustments for unconsolidated joint ventures | 2,213 |  |  | 2,358 |
Income allocated to non-controlling interests | 1,128 |  |  | 1,210 |
Funds from operations | $ | 100,355 |  |  | $ | 110,110 |
Less: recurring capitalized expenditures | (9,694 | ) |  | (9,294 | )
Adjusted funds from operations | $ | 90,661 |  |  | $ | 100,816 |
Weighted average shares – basic | 89,925 |  |  | 89,344 |
Incremental shares issuable from assumed conversion of: |  |  |
Common share options and awards granted | 218 |  |  | 355 |
Common units | 1,886 |  |  | 1,894 |
Weighted average shares – diluted | 92,029 |  |  | 91,593 |

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Financial Condition and Sources of Liquidity
We intend to maintain a strong balance sheet and preserve our financial flexibility, which we believe should enhance our ability to identify and capitalize on investment opportunities as they become available. We intend to maintain what management believes is a conservative capital structure by:

• | extending and sequencing the maturity dates of our debt where practicable;

• | managing interest rate exposure using what management believes to be prudent levels of fixed and floating rate debt;

• | maintaining what management believes to be conservative coverage ratios; and

• | using what management believes to be a prudent combination of debt and equity.

Our interest expense coverage ratio, net of capitalized interest, was approximately 5.3 and 5.5 times for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. This ratio is a method for calculating the amount of operating cash flows available to cover interest expense and is calculated by dividing interest expense for the period into the sum of property revenues and expenses, non-property income, other expenses and income from discontinued operations, after adding back depreciation, amortization, and interest expense from both continuing and discontinued operations. Approximately 79.8% and 80.1% of our properties were unencumbered at March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Our weighted average maturity of debt was approximately 4.6 years at March 31, 2017.
We also intend to strengthen our capital and liquidity positions by continuing to focus on our core fundamentals, which we believe are generating positive cash flows from operations, maintaining appropriate debt levels and leverage ratios, and controlling overhead costs.
Our primary source of liquidity is cash and cash equivalents and cash flows generated from operations. Other sources may include one or more of the following: availability under our unsecured credit facility, the use of debt and equity offerings under our automatic shelf registration statement, proceeds from property dispositions, equity issued from our ATM program, other unsecured borrowings or secured mortgages. We believe our liquidity and financial condition are sufficient to meet all of our reasonably anticipated cash needs during 2017 including:

• | normal recurring operating expenses;

31

Table of Contents

• | current debt service requirements, including debt maturities;

• | recurring and non-recurring capital expenditures;

• | reposition expenditures;

• | funding of property developments, redevelopments, acquisitions, and joint venture investments; and

• | the minimum dividend payments required to maintain our REIT qualification under the Code.

Factors which could increase or decrease our future liquidity include but are not limited to volatility in capital and credit markets, sources of financing, the minimum REIT dividend requirements, our ability to complete asset purchases, sales, or developments, the effect our debt level and changes in credit ratings could have on our costs of funds, and our ability to access capital markets.
Cash Flows
The following is a discussion of our cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.
Net cash from operating activities was approximately $73.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017 as compared to approximately $96.5 million for the same period in 2016. The decrease was primarily due to lower property-level net operating income, primarily due to the disposition in April 2016 of 15 operating properties, a retail center, and approximately 19.6 acres of land classified as discontinued operations, and the disposition of one dual-phased operating property and six other operating properties during 2016. The decrease was also due to higher cash bonuses paid to employees as compared to 2016. The decrease was partially offset by a growth in revenues attributable to increased rental rates at our same store communities and growth in the number of non-same store properties resulting from five operating properties reaching stabilization during 2016 and the first three months of 2017, the completion and partial lease-up of two operating properties during 2016 and the first three months of 2017, and the partial lease-up of three properties which were under construction at March 31, 2017. See further discussions of our 2017 operations as compared to 2016 in "Results of Operations."
Net cash from investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2017 totaled approximately $34.8 million as compared to net cash used in investing activities of approximately $78.0 million for the same period in 2016. During the first three months of 2017, we received approximately $100.0 million from the maturity of a short-term investment. This inflow was partially offset by cash outflows for property development and capital improvements of approximately $62.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017. For the three month ended March 31, 2016, cash outflows for property development and capital improvements were approximately $73.1 million. The decrease in property development and capital improvements for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, was primarily due to the completion of four consolidated operating properties in 2016 and the three months ended March 31, 2017, and the completion of repositions at several of our operating properties. The property development and capital improvements during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, included the following:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions) |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Expenditures for new development, including land |  | $ | 38.3 |  |  | $ | 48.7 |
Capitalized interest, real estate taxes, and other capitalized indirect costs |  | 6.7 |  |  | 8.0 |
Reposition expenditures |  | 6.0 |  |  | 5.1 |
Capital expenditures |  | 11.8 |  |  | 11.3 |
Total |  | $ | 62.8 |  |  | $ | 73.1 |

During the three months ended March 31, 2016, cash outflows also included increases of $3.8 million in notes receivable balances outstanding on our real estate secured loans to unaffiliated third parties. These cash outflows were partially offset by proceeds of approximately $2.0 million from the sale of two operating properties and one land holding.
Net cash used in financing activities totaled approximately $99.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 as compared to approximately $22.8 million during the same period in 2016. During the three months ended March 31, 2017, we used approximately $69.2 million to pay distributions to common shareholders and non-controlling interest holders and also repaid our tax-exempt secured notes payable of approximately $30.7 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2016, we used approximately $64.2 million to pay distributions to common shareholders and non-controlling interest holders. The
32

Table of Contents
cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2016 were partially offset by net proceeds from our unsecured line of credit and other short-term borrowings of $41.0 million.
Financial Flexibility
We have a $600 million unsecured credit facility which matures in August 2019, with two six-month options to extend the maturity date at our election to August 2020. Additionally, we have the option to further increase our credit facility to $900 million by either adding additional banks to the facility or obtaining the agreement of the existing banks to increase their commitments. The interest rate on our credit facility is based upon the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") plus a margin which is subject to change as our credit ratings change. Advances under our credit facility may be priced at the scheduled rates, or we may enter into bid rate loans with participating banks at rates below the scheduled rates. These bid rate loans have terms of 180 days or less and may not exceed the lesser of $300 million or the remaining amount available under our credit facility. Our credit facility is subject to customary financial covenants and limitations. We believe we are in compliance with all such financial covenants and limitations on the date of this filing.
Our credit facility provides us with the ability to issue up to $50 million in letters of credit. While our issuance of letters of credit does not increase our borrowings outstanding under our credit facility, it does reduce the amount available. At March 31, 2017, we had no balances outstanding on our credit facility and we had outstanding letters of credit totaling approximately $12.7 million, leaving approximately $587.3 million available under our credit facility.
We currently have an automatic shelf registration statement which allows us to offer, from time to time, common shares, preferred shares, debt securities, or warrants. Our Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust provides we may issue up to 185 million shares of beneficial interest, consisting of 175 million common shares and 10 million preferred shares. At March 31, 2017, we had approximately 87.6 million common shares outstanding, net of treasury shares and shares held in our deferred compensation arrangements, and no preferred shares outstanding.
In November 2014, we created an ATM share offering program through which we can, but have no obligation to, sell common shares having an aggregate offering price of up to $331.3 million, in amounts and at times as we determine, into the existing trading market at current market prices as well as through privately negotiated transactions. Actual sales from time to time may depend on a variety of factors including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of our common shares, and determinations by management of the appropriate sources of funding for us. We intend to use the net proceeds from any future sales under the ATM program for general corporate purposes, which may include reducing future borrowings under our unsecured credit facility, the repayment of other indebtedness, the redemption or other repurchase of outstanding debt or equity securities, funding for development, redevelopment and investment projects and financing for acquisitions. As of the date of this filing, we had common shares having an aggregate offering price of up to $315.3 million remaining available for sale under the ATM program.
We believe our ability to access capital markets is enhanced by our senior unsecured debt ratings by Moody's, Fitch, and Standard and Poor's, which are currently A3 with stable outlook, A- with stable outlook, and BBB+ with stable outlook, respectively. We believe our ability to access capital markets is also enhanced by our ability to borrow on a secured basis from various institutions including banks, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, or life insurance companies. However, we may not be able to maintain our current credit ratings and may not be able to borrow on a secured or unsecured basis in the future.
Future Cash Requirements and Contractual Obligations
One of our principal long-term liquidity requirements includes the repayment of maturing debt, including any future borrowings under our unsecured credit facility. Scheduled debt maturities for the remainder of 2017 total approximately $245.8 million, which represents approximately 10.0% of our total outstanding debt. See Note 7, "Notes Payable," in the notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion of scheduled maturities.
We estimate the additional cost to complete the construction of six consolidated projects to be approximately $204.5 million. Of this amount, we expect to incur costs between approximately $115 million and $125 million during the remainder of 2017 and to incur the remaining costs during 2018 and 2019. Additionally, we expect to incur costs up to $50 million related to the start of new development activities, approximately $18 million to $22 million of additional redevelopment expenditures and approximately $50 million to $54 million of additional recurring capital expenditures during the remainder of 2017.
We intend to meet our near-term liquidity requirements through a combination of one or more of the following: cash and cash equivalents, cash flows generated from operations, draws on our unsecured credit facility, the use of debt and equity offerings under our automatic shelf registration statement, proceeds from property dispositions, equity issued from our ATM program, other unsecured borrowings or secured mortgages. We intend to evaluate our operating property and land
33

Table of Contents
development portfolio and plan to continue our practice of selective dispositions as market conditions warrant and opportunities arise.
As a REIT, we are subject to a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute current dividends to our shareholders equal to a minimum of 90% of our annual taxable income. In order to minimize paying income taxes, our general policy is to distribute at least 100% of our taxable income. In January 2017, our Board of Trust Managers declared a quarterly dividend of $0.75 per common share to our common shareholders of record as of March 31, 2017. The quarterly dividend was subsequently paid on April 17, 2017, and we paid equivalent amounts per unit to holders of the common operating partnership units. Assuming similar quarterly dividend distributions for the remainder of 2017, our annualized dividend rate would be $3.00 per share or unit for the year ending December 31, 2017.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The joint ventures in which we have an interest have been funded in part with secured, third-party debt. At March 31, 2017, our unconsolidated joint ventures had outstanding debt of approximately $519.2 million, of which our proportionate share was approximately $162.5 million. As of March 31, 2017, we had no outstanding guarantees related to the debt of our unconsolidated joint ventures.
Inflation
Substantially all of our apartment leases are for a term generally ranging from six to eighteen months. In an inflationary environment, we may realize increased rents at the commencement of new leases or upon the renewal of existing leases. We believe the short-term nature of our leases generally minimizes our risk from the adverse effects of inflation.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our critical accounting policies have not changed from the information reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements. See Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements," in the notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of recent accounting pronouncements issued during the three months ended March 31, 2017.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
No material changes to our exposures to market risk have occurred since our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report pursuant to Securities Exchange Act ("Exchange Act") Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e). Based on the evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report are effective to ensure information required to be disclosed by us in our Exchange Act filings is accurately recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Controls. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (identified in connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) in Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act) during our most recent fiscal quarter which have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. | Legal Proceedings

None
34

Table of Contents

Item 1A. | Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the Risk Factors previously disclosed in Item 1A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None

Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures

None

Item 5. | Other Information

None

Item 6. | Exhibits

(a) Exhibits |  |
*31.1 |  | Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of Chief Executive Officer dated May 5, 2017
*31.2 |  | Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of Chief Financial Officer dated May 5, 2017
*32.1 |  | Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes – Oxley Act of 2002
*101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document
*101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
*101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
*101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
*101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
*101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

* | Filed herewith.

35

Table of Contents
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on our behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | CAMDEN PROPERTY TRUST
/s/ Michael P. Gallagher |  | May 5, 2017
Michael P. Gallagher |  | Date
Senior Vice President – Chief Accounting Officer |  |

36

Table of Contents
Exhibit Index

Exhibit |  | Description of Exhibits
*31.1 |  | Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of Chief Executive Officer dated May 5, 2017
*31.2 |  | Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of Chief Financial Officer dated May 5, 2017
*32.1 |  | Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes – Oxley Act of 2002
*101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document
*101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
*101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
*101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
*101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
*101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

* | Filed herewith.

37