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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | 6. Income Taxes We have maintained and intend to maintain our election as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. In order for us to continue to qualify as a REIT we must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute annual dividends to our shareholders equal to a minimum of 90% of our adjusted taxable income. As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at the corporate level to the extent such income is distributed to our shareholders annually. If our taxable income exceeds our dividends in a tax year, REIT tax rules allow us to designate dividends from the subsequent tax year in order to avoid current taxation on undistributed income. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we may be subject to federal and state income taxes for such year. In addition, we may not be able to requalify as a REIT for the four subsequent taxable years and may be subject to federal and state income taxes in those years as well. Historically, we have incurred only state and local income, franchise, and excise taxes. Taxable income from non-REIT activities managed through taxable REIT subsidiaries is subject to applicable federal, state, and local income taxes. Our operating partnerships are flow-through entities and are not subject to federal income taxes at the entity level. We have recorded income, franchise, and excise taxes in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 as income tax expense. Income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, primarily related to state income tax and federal taxes on certain of our taxable REIT subsidiaries. We have no significant temporary or permanent differences or tax credits associated with our taxable REIT subsidiaries. For income tax purposes, distributions to common shareholders are characterized as ordinary income, capital gains, or return of capital. A summary of the income tax characterization of our distributions paid per common share for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 is set forth in the following table:
|  | Year Ended December 31,
|  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Common Share Distributions (1) |  |  |  |  |  |
Ordinary income |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2.06 |  |  | $ | 3.22 |
Long-term capital gain |  | 0.48 |  |  | 1.14 |  |  | 0.04 |
Return of capital |  | 2.26 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.06 |
Unrecaptured Sec. 1250 gain |  | 0.08 |  |  | 0.12 |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 2.82 |  |  | $ | 3.32 |  |  | $ | 3.32 |
(1) The $0.94 distribution per share paid on January 17, 2023 will be considered a 2023 distribution for federal income tax purposes and will be subject to taxation based on our 2023 earnings. We have taxable REIT subsidiaries which are subject to federal and state income taxes. At December 31, 2022, our taxable REIT subsidiaries had immaterial net operating loss carryforwards (“NOL’s”) and no material benefits related to these NOL’s have been recognized in our 2022 or 2021 consolidated financial statements. The carrying value of net assets reported in our consolidated financial statements at December 31, 2022 exceeded the tax basis by approximately $2.0 billion. Income Tax Expense. We had income tax expense of approximately $3.0 million, $1.9 million and $2.0 million for the tax years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, which was comprised mainly of state income taxes and federal income tax related to one of our taxable REIT subsidiaries. Income Tax Expense – Deferred. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, our deferred tax expense was not significant. The income tax returns of Camden Property Trust and its subsidiaries are subject to examination by federal, state and local tax jurisdictions for years 2019 through 2021. Tax attributes generated in years prior to 2019 are also subject to challenge in any examination of those tax years. We believe we have no uncertain tax positions or unrecognized tax benefits requiring disclosure as of and for the periods presented. Tax Reform. The 2022 Inflation Reduction Act (“the 2022 Act”) was passed on August 16, 2022, which is generally applicable for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2022, and included a number of changes to the corporate income tax system. As a REIT, we are generally exempt from the majority of the provisions under the 2022 Act and do not believe the provisions will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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