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Income Taxes
12 Months Ended
Dec. 27, 2022
Income Taxes  
Income Taxes

(9) Income Taxes

Components of our income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 27, 2022, December 28, 2021 and December 29, 2020 are as follows:

Fiscal Year Ended

 

    

December 27, 2022

    

December 28, 2021

    

December 29, 2020

 

Current:

Federal

$

15,549

$

16,700

$

(648)

State

 

18,120

 

13,539

 

4,505

Foreign

590

443

403

Total current

 

34,259

 

30,682

 

4,260

Deferred:

Federal

 

9,664

7,391

 

(16,859)

State

 

(208)

1,505

 

(3,073)

Total deferred

 

9,456

 

8,896

 

(19,932)

Income tax expense (benefit)

$

43,715

$

39,578

$

(15,672)

Our pre-tax income is substantially derived from domestic restaurants.

A reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to our effective tax rate for December 27, 2022, December 28, 2021 and December 29, 2020 is as follows:

Fiscal Year Ended

December 27, 2022

December 28, 2021

December 29, 2020

Tax at statutory federal rate

21.0

%  

21.0

%  

21.0

%

State and local tax, net of federal benefit

3.7

3.8

3.6

FICA tip tax credit

(10.5)

(9.3)

(92.5)

Work opportunity tax credit

(1.3)

(1.2)

(12.4)

Stock compensation

(0.1)

(1.5)

(2.3)

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests

(0.4)

(0.5)

(3.0)

Officers compensation

0.7

1.1

2.6

Other

0.5

0.1

1.6

Total

13.6

%  

13.5

%  

(81.4)

%

Our effective tax rate increased to 13.6% in 2022 compared to 13.5% in 2021. The increase was primarily due to lower excess tax benefits related to our share-based compensation program partially offset by an increase in the FICA tip tax credit.

Our effective tax rate was 13.5% in 2021 compared to a tax benefit of 81.4% in 2020. The increase was primarily due to the significant increase in pre-tax income. In 2020, our FICA tip and Work opportunity tax credits exceeded our federal tax liability which resulted in a tax rate benefit.

Components of deferred tax liabilities, net are as follows:

    

December 27, 2022

    

December 28, 2021

 

Deferred tax assets:

Deferred revenue—gift cards

$

29,889

$

24,056

Insurance reserves

6,506

6,407

Deferred payroll taxes

-

5,995

Other reserves

 

1,060

 

1,077

Share-based compensation

 

5,059

 

6,040

Operating lease liabilities

173,853

160,638

Deferred compensation

 

17,934

 

16,233

Tax credit carryforwards

2,740

3,618

Other assets

 

2,991

 

2,801

Total deferred tax asset

 

240,032

 

226,865

Deferred tax liabilities:

Property and equipment

 

(82,832)

 

(75,022)

Goodwill and intangibles

 

(8,374)

 

(7,742)

Operating lease right-of-use asset

(155,837)

(144,153)

Other liabilities

(13,968)

(11,682)

Total deferred tax liability

 

(261,011)

 

(238,599)

Net deferred tax liability

$

(20,979)

$

(11,734)

As of December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, we had tax credit carryforwards of $2.7 million and $3.6 million, respectively, primarily related to FICA tip and Work opportunity tax credit carryforwards that exceeded credit limitations. These federal carryforwards expire in 2042. We expect to generate sufficient earnings in future periods and/or may implement tax planning strategies that would allow us to fully utilize these credits. As such, we have not provided any valuation allowances for these credits, or any of our other deferred tax assets, as their realization is more likely than not.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending liability for unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

Balance at December 29, 2020

$

1,662

Additions to tax positions related to prior years

 

49

Additions to tax positions related to current year

413

Reductions due to statute expiration

(160)

Reductions due to exam settlement

 

(436)

Balance at December 28, 2021

 

1,528

Additions to tax positions related to prior years

1,545

Additions to tax positions related to current year

 

872

Reductions due to statute expiration

 

-

Reductions due to exam settlement

(20)

Balance at December 27, 2022

$

3,925

As of December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, the amount of unrecognized tax benefits that would impact the effective tax rate if recognized was $2.1 million and $1.5 million, respectively.

As of December 27, 2022 and December 28, 2021, the total amount of accrued penalties and interest related to uncertain tax provisions was recognized as a part of income tax expense and these amounts were not material.

All entities for which unrecognized tax benefits exist as of December 27, 2022 possess a December tax year-end. As a result, as of December 27, 2022, the tax years ended December 28, 2021, December 29, 2020 and December 31, 2019 remain subject to examination by all tax jurisdictions. As of December 27, 2022, no audits were in process by a

tax jurisdiction that, if completed during the next twelve months, would be expected to result in a material change to our unrecognized tax benefits. Additionally, as of December 27, 2022, no event occurred that is likely to result in a significant increase or decrease in the unrecognized tax benefits through December 26, 2023.