<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001104659-23-025304.txt : 20230224
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20230224160600
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001104659-23-025304
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		13
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20230223
ITEM INFORMATION:		Material Modifications to Rights of Security Holders
ITEM INFORMATION:		Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers: Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers
ITEM INFORMATION:		Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20230224
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20230224

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			Texas Roadhouse, Inc.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001289460
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	RETAIL-EATING PLACES [5812]
		IRS NUMBER:				000000000
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1227

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	000-50972
		FILM NUMBER:		23667016

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		6040 DUTCHMANS LANE
		CITY:			LOUISVILLE
		STATE:			KY
		ZIP:			40205
		BUSINESS PHONE:		5024269984

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		6040 DUTCHMANS LANE
		CITY:			LOUISVILLE
		STATE:			KY
		ZIP:			40205
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>UNITED STATES</b></p>

<p style="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Washington, D.C. 20549</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>FORM&#160;<span id="xdx_906_edei--DocumentType_c20230223__20230223_zq03qqlYbcob"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-02-23to2023-02-23" name="dei:DocumentType">8-K</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>CURRENT REPORT</b></p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Pursuant to Section&#160;13 or 15(d)&#160;of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Date of Report (Date of earliest event
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Exact name of registrant as specified in its
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>N/A</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Former name or former address, if changed since
last report.)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Check the appropriate box below if the Form&#160;8-K
filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (<span style="text-decoration: underline">see</span>
General Instruction A.2. below):</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0 0pt 19.8pt; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -19.8pt"><span id="xdx_90D_edei--WrittenCommunications_c20230223__20230223_zXCVzm8Ff5w4" style="font-family: Wingdings"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-02-23to2023-02-23" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:WrittenCommunications">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;
</span>Written communications pursuant to Rule&#160;425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0 0pt 19.8pt; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -19.8pt"><span id="xdx_904_edei--SolicitingMaterial_c20230223__20230223_zGS6tyJcqGn3" style="font-family: Wingdings"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-02-23to2023-02-23" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:SolicitingMaterial">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;
</span>Soliciting material pursuant to Rule&#160;14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0 0pt 19.8pt; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -19.8pt"><span id="xdx_905_edei--PreCommencementTenderOffer_c20230223__20230223_zJqxSqEuoSu4" style="font-family: Wingdings"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-02-23to2023-02-23" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;
</span>Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule&#160;14d-2(b)&#160;under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0 0pt 19.8pt; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -19.8pt"><span id="xdx_90E_edei--PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_c20230223__20230223_zxwGFrZLkncb" style="font-family: Wingdings"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-02-23to2023-02-23" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;
</span>Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule&#160;13e-4(c)&#160;under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 19.8pt; text-indent: -19.8pt">Securities registered pursuant to
Section&#160;12(b)&#160;of the Act:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: auto; width: 95%; border-collapse: collapse; margin-right: auto">
<tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule&#160;405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule&#160;12b-2
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section&#160;13(a)&#160;of the Exchange Act.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;
</span><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

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<p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>



<p style="margin: 0"></p>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><tr style="vertical-align: top">
<td style="width: 1in"><b>Item 3.03</b></td><td style="text-align: justify"><b>Material Modification to Rights of Security Holders.</b></td></tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The information set forth in Item 5.03 of this
Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Item 5.02.&#160;&#160;Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election
of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>(c)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</b>On
February 23, 2023, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors (the &#8220;<b><i>Board</i></b>&#8221;) of Texas Roadhouse, Inc.,
a Delaware corporation (the &#8220;<b><i>Company</i></b>&#8221;), approved the changes in cash and stock compensation for Keith V. Humpich,
the Company&#8217;s interim Chief Financial Officer. The changes in cash and stock compensation for Mr. Humpich are not related to his
increased responsibilities as interim Chief Financial Officer but were made in connection with management&#8217;s annual review of Mr.
Humpich&#8217;s performance in his role as Vice President of Finance. In furtherance of the foregoing, the Compensation Committee approved
the adjustment of Mr. Humpich&#8217;s compensation in the following manner:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Base Salary.</i> Effective as of March 1, 2023,
Mr. Humpich&#8217;s annual base salary is increased to $300,000.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Incentive Bonus.</i> Effective as of March
1, 2023, Mr. Humpich&#8217;s annual bonus target amount is increased to $150,000. Consistent with the bonus targets for Mr. Humpich as
Vice President of Finance, his cash bonus targets will continue to be the following for the 2023 fiscal year: (i) 50% will be based on
an EPS growth target of 10%, and (ii) 50% will be based on a pre-tax profit target equal to the percentage payout of 1.75% of pre-tax
earnings divided by the bonus pool target set. Additionally, depending on the satisfaction of the bonus targets described above, Mr. Humpich&#8217;s
base target incentive bonus may be reduced to a minimum of 50% of such target incentive bonus amount or increased to a maximum of 150%
of the target amount. The annual bonus target amount is in addition to the $100,000 stipend that Mr. Humpich receives per fiscal quarter
that he serves as interim Chief Financial Officer described in the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
on January 6, 2023.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><i>Stock Awards. </i>Effective as of February
23, 2023, the Compensation Committee of the Board authorized the grant of 3,426 service based restricted stock units for Mr. Humpich.
These service based restricted stock units were calculated by dividing $364,600 by $106.43 (which was the closing sales price of the Company&#8217;s
common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on February 22, 2023, with such quotient being rounded up or down to the nearest share).
The $364,600 value of such service based restricted stock units are comprised of the following: (i) a quarterly grant of $64,600 in service
based restricted stock units relating to his Q4 2022 fiscal year service prior to his appointment to interim Chief Financial Officer;
and (ii) an annual grant of $300,000 in service based restricted stock units relating to his 2023 fiscal year service as the Company&#8217;s
Vice President of Finance. These service based restricted stock units were granted on February 23, 2023 and will vest on February 23,
2024, subject to the terms and conditions of the previously approved form of restricted stock unit agreement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Item 5.03. Amendments to Articles of Incorporation
or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>(a)</b>&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;On
February 23, 2023, the Company amended its Bylaws (the &#8220;<b><i>Amended and Restated Bylaws</i></b>&#8221;), effective on that date.
The Amended and Restated Bylaws (i) require stockholder proposed candidates for election to Board to submit a questionnaire and make certain
representations (in each case, in the forms provided by the Company), (ii) provide for certain procedures regarding the issuance of shares
of the Company&#8217;s stock in uncertificated form, (iii) conform the section references in Article VIII to those referenced in the Company&#8217;s
Certificate of Incorporation, and (iv) make various ministerial revisions.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The foregoing summary of the Amended and Restated
Bylaws is qualified in its entirety by reference to, and should be read in conjunction with, the complete text of the Amended and Restated
Bylaws, which is attached to this Current Report on Form 8-K as Exhibit 3.1.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><b>Item 9.01.&#160;&#160;Financial Statements and
Exhibits</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><b>(d)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Exhibits</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

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<td style="width: 0.5in"></td><td style="width: 0.5in"><a href="tm237714d1_ex3-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">3.1</a></td><td style="text-align: justify"><a href="tm237714d1_ex3-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit">Amended and Restated Bylaws for Texas Roadhouse, Inc. dated February 23, 2023</a></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">SIGNATURE</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
the registrant has duly caused this this Current Report on Form 8-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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    <td>Date: February 24, 2023</td>
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<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 3.1
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                           <P STYLE="margin: 0pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 3.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>OF</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>TEXAS ROADHOUSE, INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Adopted as of February 23, 2023</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">ARTICLE I&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">OFFICES</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 1.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;REGISTERED OFFICE.
The registered office of Texas Roadhouse, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;Corporation&rdquo;), shall be located in Delaware at
the address determined by the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the &ldquo;Board of Directors&rdquo; or the &ldquo;Board&rdquo;)
from time to time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2. &#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;OTHER OFFICES.
The Corporation may also have offices at such other places both within and without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors may
from time to time determine.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">ARTICLE II&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">STOCKHOLDERS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 1.  &#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;PLACE OF MEETINGS.
Meetings of the stockholders may be held at such place (if any), either within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be designated
from time to time by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the President and stated in the
notice of the meeting or in a duly executed waiver of notice thereof. In lieu of holding a meeting of stockholders at a designated place,
the Board of Directors may, in its sole discretion, determine that any meeting of stockholders may be held solely by means of remote communication.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2. &#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;ANNUAL MEETINGS.
The annual meeting of the stockholders for the election of directors and for the transaction of any other business as may be properly
brought before a meeting shall be held on such date and at such time and place (if any) to be fixed by the Board of Directors and stated
in the notice of meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 3.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;SPECIAL MEETINGS. Unless otherwise prescribed by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation, special
meetings of stockholders may be called at any time and for any purpose, by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the
Chief Executive Officer or the President, or by the Secretary at the written request of the holders of at least 50% in voting power
of all capital stock outstanding and entitled to cast votes at the meeting. Such written request shall be addressed to the Secretary
of the Corporation and shall state the purpose of the proposed meeting, which must be a proper matter for stockholder action under
the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, and shall contain such other information as would be required under Section 9
of Article II hereof were it to be brought before a meeting called by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief
Executive Officer or the President. In the case of any special meeting so requested by holders of at least 50% in voting power of
all capital stock outstanding and entitled to cast votes at the meeting, the Board of Directors shall promptly, but in all events
within 10 days after the date on which such written request is received, adopt a resolution fixing a date for such special meeting,
which meeting date shall be no more than 90 days from the date of such resolution. If the Board of Directors fails to take such
action, the record date shall be the 120th day after the date on which the written request was received. No business shall be
conducted at any special meeting of stockholders other than the items of business stated in the notice of meeting given in
accordance with Section 4 of this Article II.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 4.  &#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;NOTICE OF MEETINGS.
Notice of any meeting of stockholders, whether annual or special, stating the place (if any), date and time of the meeting, the means
of remote communication, if any, by which the stockholders and proxyholders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting,
and in the case of special meetings, the purpose for which such special meeting is called, shall be prepared and delivered by the Corporation
not less than 10 days or more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting (except to the extent that such notice is waived or
is not required to be provided pursuant to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware). Notice shall be given either personally,
or by mail, or to the extent and in the manner permitted by applicable law. If mailed, notice is given when deposited in the United States
mail, postage prepaid, directed to each stockholder at his or her address as it appears on the records of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 5.   &#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;RECORD DATE
FOR STOCKHOLDER MEETINGS. For the purpose of determining the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders
or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or the allotment of any rights, or for
the purpose of any other action, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which
the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board, and which record date shall not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten
(10) days before the date of any such meeting, and shall not be more than sixty (60) days prior to any other action, except as provided
by law. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment
of the meeting; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 6.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;LIST OF STOCKHOLDERS. After the record date for a meeting of stockholders has been fixed, at least ten
(10) days before such meeting, the officer who has charge over the stock ledger of the Corporation shall prepare a complete list of
the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and
the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for
any purpose germane to the meeting for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting: (i) on a reasonably accessible
electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of meeting, or
(ii) during ordinary business hours, at the principal place of business of the Corporation. If the list is made available on an
electronic network, the Corporation may take reasonable steps to ensure that such information is available only to stockholders of
the Corporation. If the meeting is to be held at a place, then the list shall be produced at the time and place of the meeting and
kept open throughout the meeting for examination by any stockholder who is present. If the meeting is to be held solely by means of
remote communication, then the list shall also be open to the examination of any stockholder during the entire time of the meeting
on a reasonably accessible electronic network, and the information required to access such list shall be provided with the notice of
meeting. This list shall determine the identity of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting and the number of shares held by
each of them.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 7.  &#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;QUORUM AND ADJOURNMENT.
Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these bylaws, the holders of a majority in voting power of the
outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at the meeting, present in person or represented by proxy, shall
constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. Where a separate vote by a class or series is required, the holders of a majority
in voting power of the outstanding shares of such class or series, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum
entitled to take action with respect to the vote on that matter.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.9in">If a quorum shall fail
to attend any meeting, the Chairman of the meeting or the holders of the majority in voting power of shares of capital stock entitled
to vote who are present, in person or by proxy, may adjourn the meeting to another place, date and time. The holders of a majority in
voting power of voting shares represented at a meeting, whether or not a quorum is present, may adjourn such meeting to another place,
date or time. When a meeting is adjourned to another place (if any), date or time, written notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting
if the place (if any), date and time thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that if
the date of the any adjourned meeting is more than 30 days after the date for which the meeting was originally noticed, or if after the
adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, written notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder
of record entitled to vote at the meeting. At the adjourned meeting, the Corporation may transact any business that might have been transacted
at the original meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 8.   &#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;CHAIRMAN OF
MEETINGS. Meetings of the stockholders shall be presided over by the Chairman of the Board or, if the Chairman is not present, the Chief
Executive Officer, the President or such other director or officer as may be designated by the Board of Directors to act as chairman,
or if no designation has been made, a chairman shall be chosen at the meeting. The order of business at all meetings of the stockholders
and the procedures at the meeting, including such regulation of the manner of voting and the conduct of discussion, shall be determined
by the chairman of the meeting. The chairman may impose reasonable limits on the amount of time taken up at the meeting on discussion
in general or on remarks by any one stockholder. Should any person in attendance become unruly or obstruct the meeting proceedings, the
chairman shall have the power to have such person removed from participation. The chairman shall, if the facts warrant, determine and
declare at the meeting that any proposed item of business was not properly brought before the meeting in accordance with Section 9 of
this Article II, and any such business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be conducted.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 9.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;NOTICE OF STOCKHOLDER BUSINESS. At an annual or special meeting of the stockholders, only such
business shall be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. To be properly brought before a meeting of
stockholders, business must be (i) specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given at the direction of the
Board of Directors, (ii) properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, or (iii) properly
brought before a meeting by a stockholder. For business to be properly brought before a meeting by a stockholder, it must be a
proper matter for stockholder action under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, and the stockholder must have given
timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation. To be timely, notice by a stockholder must be delivered to or
mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation, not less than 120 calendar days prior to the one year
anniversary of the date of the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy statement issued in connection with the prior year&rsquo;s annual meeting
in the case of an annual meeting (or December 31, 2004, in the case of the 2005 Annual Meeting), and not less than 60 days prior to
the meeting in the case of a special meeting; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that if a public announcement of the date of the special meeting is
not given at least 70 days before the scheduled date for such special meeting, then a stockholder&rsquo;s notice shall be timely if
it is received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation within 10 days following the date public notice of the meeting
date is first given, whether by press release or other public filing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Notice by a stockholder to
the Secretary of the Corporation shall set forth as to each matter the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual or special meeting
(i) a description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting, (ii) the name and address of the stockholder proposing such
business and of the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the business is being brought, (iii) the class, series and number of shares
of the Corporation which are beneficially owned by the stockholder and such other beneficial owner, and (iv) any material interest of
the stockholder and such other beneficial owner in such business. In no event shall an announcement of an adjournment or postponement
of a meeting of stockholders commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder&rsquo;s notice as
described above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 10.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;NOMINATION OF DIRECTOR CANDIDATES. Subject to any provision of the Certificate of Incorporation or any
Certificate of Designations establishing the rights of holders of any class or series of capital stock then outstanding, nominations
for the election or re-election of directors at a meeting of the stockholders may be made by (i) the Board of Directors or a duly
authorized committee thereof or (ii) any stockholder entitled to vote in the election of directors generally who complies with the
procedures set forth in these Bylaws and who is a stockholder of record at the time notice is delivered to the Secretary of the
Corporation. Subject to any provision of the Certificate of Incorporation or any Certificate of Designations establishing the rights
of holders of any class or series of capital stock then outstanding, any stockholder entitled to vote in the election of directors
generally may nominate one or more persons for election or re-election as directors at an annual meeting only if timely notice of
such stockholder&rsquo;s intent to make such nominations has been given in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation. To be
timely, notice of a stockholder nomination for a director to be elected must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal
executive offices of the Corporation, not less than 120 calendar days prior to the one year anniversary of the date of the
Corporation&rsquo;s proxy statement issued in connection with the prior year&rsquo;s annual meeting in the case of an annual meeting
(or December 31, 2004, in the case of the 2005 Annual Meeting), and not less than 60 days prior to the meeting in the case of a
special meeting; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that if a public announcement of the date of the special meeting is not given at least 70 days
before the scheduled date for such special meeting, then a stockholder&rsquo;s nomination shall be timely if it is received at the
principal executive offices of the Corporation within 10 days following the date public notice of the meeting date is first given,
whether by press release or other public filing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Each such notice shall set
forth: (i) the name and address of the stockholder who intends to make the nomination, of the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf
the nomination is being made and of each person to be nominated; (ii) a representation that the stockholder is the holder of record of
stock of the Corporation entitled to vote for the election of directors on the date of such notice and intends to appear in person or
by proxy at the meeting to nominate each person specified in the notice; (iii) a description of all the arrangements or understandings
between the stockholder or such beneficial owner and each nominee and any other person (naming such person) pursuant to which the nomination
is to be made by the stockholder; (iv) such other information regarding each nominee proposed by such stockholder as would be required
to be included in solicitations of proxies for the election of directors in an election contest or is otherwise required pursuant to the
federal securities laws and regulations, had the nominee been nominated, or intended to be nominated, by the Board of Directors; and (v)
the consent of each nominee to serve as a director of the Corporation if so elected.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.9in">Notwithstanding the foregoing,
in the event that the number of directors to be elected at an annual meeting is increased and there is no public announcement by the Corporation
naming the nominees for the additional directorships at least 130 days prior to such meeting, a stockholder&rsquo;s notice required by
this Section 10 shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for the additional directorships, if it shall be delivered
to the Secretary of the Corporation no later than the close of business on the 10th day following the day on which such public announcement
is first made by the Corporation. In no event shall an announcement of an adjournment or postponement of a meeting of stockholders commence
a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder&rsquo;s notice as described above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 11.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;PROXIES. At
any meeting of stockholders, every stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders or to express consent or dissent to corporate
action without a meeting may vote in person or may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder by proxy if such proxy
is authorized by an instrument in writing or by electronic transmission as permitted by law and filed in accordance with the procedure
established for the meeting, but no proxy shall be voted after 3 years from its date, unless such proxy provides for a longer period.
Every proxy shall be executed in writing by the stockholder or by his or her authorized representative, or otherwise as provided under
the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Except as otherwise provided
by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.9in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Directors shall
be elected by a plurality in voting power of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at a meeting of the stockholders and
entitled to vote in the election of directors; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.9in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Whenever any corporate
action other than the election of directors is to be taken, it shall be authorized by a majority in voting power of the shares present
in person or represented by proxy at a meeting of stockholders and entitled to vote on the subject matter.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any vote of stockholders may
be taken by written ballot, and if so authorized by the Board of Directors, electronic transmission, telephonic communication or other
means of remote communication shall constitute a written ballot. Every written ballot shall state the name of the stockholder or proxyholder
voting and such other information as may be required under the procedures established for the meeting. If so authorized by the Board of
Directors, and in addition to such guidelines and procedures as the Board may adopt, every stockholder vote taken by electronic or other
means of remote communication shall set forth such information from which it can be determined that the communication was authorized by
the stockholder or proxyholder. Every vote taken at the meeting shall be counted by an inspector or inspectors appointed by the chairman
of the meeting. The Board of Directors may, and to the extent required by law shall, in advance of any meeting of the stockholders, appoint
one or more inspectors to act at the meeting, decide upon the qualification of voters, count the votes, decide the results and make a
written report thereof. The Board of Directors may designate one or more persons as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who
fails to act, and if no inspector or alternate is able to act at a meeting of stockholders, the person presiding at the meeting may, and
to the extent required by law shall, appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge
of his or her duties, shall take and sign an oath to faithfully execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according
to the best of his or her ability.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 12.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;MEETINGS BY
REMOTE COMMUNICATION. If authorized by the Board of Directors, and subject to such guidelines and procedures as the Board may adopt, stockholders
and proxyholders not physically present at a meeting of stockholders may, by means of remote communication, participate in the meeting
and be deemed present in person and vote at the meeting, whether such meeting is to be held in a designated place or solely by means of
remote communication, provided that (i) the Corporation shall implement reasonable measures to verify that each person deemed present
and permitted to vote at the meeting by means of remote communication is a stockholder or proxyholder, (ii) the Corporation shall implement
reasonable measures to provide such stockholders and proxyholders a reasonable opportunity to participate in the meeting and to vote on
matters submitted to the stockholders, including an opportunity to read or hear the proceedings in the meeting substantially concurrently
with such proceedings, and (iii) if the stockholder or proxyholder votes or takes other action at the meeting by means of remote communication,
a record of such vote or other action shall be maintained by the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 13.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;STOCKHOLDER
ACTION WITHOUT MEETING. Except as otherwise prohibited or restricted by law or the Certificate of Incorporation, any action that may be
taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders may be taken without a meeting and without prior notice, if a consent or consents
in writing, setting forth the actions so taken, are signed by the holders of outstanding shares having not less than the minimum number
of votes which would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present
and voted and are delivered to the Corporation. Such delivery shall be by delivery to the Corporation&rsquo;s registered office in the
State of Delaware, its principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the Corporation having custody of the corporate records
in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. Delivery made to a corporation&rsquo;s registered office shall be by hand
or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. All such consents shall be filed with the Secretary of the Corporation and
shall be maintained in the corporate records. Written notice of the taking of a corporate action without a meeting shall be given to those
stockholders who were entitled to take the corporate action and have not consented in writing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">An electronic transmission
consenting to an action to be taken and transmitted by a stockholder or proxyholder, or other person authorized to act for the stockholder
or proxyholder, shall be deemed to be written, signed and dated for the purpose of this Section 13, provided that such electronic transmission
sets forth information from which the Corporation can determine (i) that the transmission was transmitted by the stockholder or by a person
authorized to act for the stockholder and (ii) the date on which such stockholder or authorized person transmitted such transmission.
The date of the electronic transmission shall be deemed the date the consent was signed. No consent given by electronic transmission shall
be deemed to have been delivered to the Corporation until such consent is reproduced in paper form and delivered to the Corporation by
delivery to its registered office in the State of Delaware, its principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the corporation
having custody of the corporate records in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. Delivery made to a corporation&rsquo;s
registered office shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. Any copy, facsimile or other reliable
reproduction of a consent in writing may be substituted or used in lieu of the original writing for any and all purposes for which the
original writing could be used, provided that such copy, facsimile or other reproduction shall be a complete reproduction of the entire
original writing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 14.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;RECORD DATE
FOR STOCKHOLDER ACTION WITHOUT A MEETING. In order to determine the stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without
a meeting, the Board of Directors may fix a record date. Such record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing
the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and shall not be more than ten days after the date upon which the resolution fixing
the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors. Any stockholder of record seeking to have the stockholders authorize or take corporate
action by written consent shall, by written notice to the Secretary, request the Board of Directors to fix a record date. The Board of
Directors shall promptly, but in all events within 10 days after the date on which such a request is received, adopt a resolution fixing
the record date. If no record date has been fixed by the Board of Directors within 10 days after the date on which such a request is received,
the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, when no prior action
of the Board of Directors is required by applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these Bylaws, shall be the first date on
which a signed written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the Corporation in the manner set
forth in Section 13 of this Article II. If no record date has been fixed by the Board of Directors and prior action of the Board of Directors
is required by applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these Bylaws, the record date for determining stockholders entitled
to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting shall be the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors
adopts the resolution taking such prior action.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 15.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;SUBMISSION OF QUESTIONNAIRE, REPRESENTATION AND AGREEMENT. To be eligible to be a stockholder-proposed
nominee for election or reelection as a director of the Corporation pursuant to Section 10, a person must deliver (in accordance
with the time periods prescribed for delivery of notice under Section 10) a completed and signed written questionnaire with respect
to the background and qualification of such proposed nominee (which questionnaire shall be provided by the Secretary within ten (10)
days of receipt of a request) and a completed and signed written representation and agreement (in the form provided by the Secretary
within ten (10) days of receipt of a request) that such proposed nominee (i) is not and will not become a party to (a) any
transaction, agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as
to how such proposed nominee, if elected as a director, will act or vote on any issue or question (a &ldquo;Voting
Commitment&rdquo;) that has not been disclosed to the Corporation or (b) any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with
such proposed nominee&rsquo;s ability to comply, if elected as a director, with such proposed nominee&rsquo;s fiduciary duties under
applicable law, (ii) is not, and will not become a party to, any transaction, agreement, arrangement or understanding with any
person or entity other than the Corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, payment, reimbursement or
indemnification in connection with service or action as a director that has not been disclosed to the Corporation, (iii) in such
proposed nominee&rsquo;s individual capacity, would be in compliance, if elected as a director, and will comply with applicable law
(including applicable fiduciary duties under state law), stock exchange listing standards and publicly disclosed corporate
governance, ethics, conflict of interest, confidentiality and stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines of the
Corporation, and any other Corporation policies and guidelines applicable to directors, (iv) intends to serve a full term if elected
as a director and (v) will provide facts, statements and other information in all communications with the Corporation and its
stockholders that are or will be true and correct in all material respects, and that do not and will not omit to state a material
fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 16.&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;GENERAL. For
purposes of this Article II, &ldquo;public announcement&rdquo; shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News
Service, Associated Press or comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and
Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &ldquo;Exchange Act&rdquo;).
Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this By-Law, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange
Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this By-Law. Nothing in this Article II shall be
deemed to affect any rights (i) of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy statement pursuant
to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act or (ii) of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect directors under specified circumstances.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">ARTICLE III&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">BOARD OF DIRECTORS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 1.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;GENERAL POWERS.
The business of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of its Board of Directors. In addition to the powers and authorities
by these Bylaws expressly conferred upon them, the Board of Directors may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such
lawful acts and things as are not by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws required to be exercised or done by the
stockholders. In the event of a vacancy in the Board of Directors, the remaining directors, except as otherwise provided by law, may exercise
the powers of the full Board until the vacancy is filled.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;NUMBER. The
number of directors, which shall constitute the entire Board of Directors, shall not be fewer than one or more than fifteen (15) members,
as shall be determined by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&#8239;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 3.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;VACANCIES.
Subject to the rights of holders of any class or series of capital stock to elect additional directors under specified circumstances,
vacancies resulting from death, resignation, retirement, disqualification, removal from office or other cause, and newly created directorships
resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors, may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors
then in office, though less than a quorum, and directors so chosen shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the class of
directors in which the new directorship was created or the vacancy occurred and until their successors have been duly elected and qualified.
No decrease in the number of authorized directors constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 4.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;RESIGNATION.
Any director may resign at any time by giving notice in writing or by electronic transmission of his or her resignation to the Board of
Directors. A resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein or, if not so specified, immediately upon its receipt. Unless
otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of a resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 5.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;REMOVAL. Subject
to the rights of the holders of any class or series of capital stock then outstanding, if any, any director may be removed from office
at any time only by the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the voting power of all of the then outstanding shares of capital stock
of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 6.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;MEETINGS. The
Chairman of the Board shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors at which he or she shall be present. In his or her absence,
such other director as may from time to time be designated to serve as the presiding director by the Board of Directors shall so preside
or, if both the Chairman and the presiding director are absent for a particular meeting, the Board of Directors shall choose a chairman
of the meeting who shall preside thereat.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.9in">(a)
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;REGULAR MEETINGS.
Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without notice at such time and place, within or without the State of Delaware,
as shall be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors; provided that any director who is absent when such a determination
is made shall be given notice of the determination. A regular meeting of the Board of Directors may be held without notice immediately
after and at the same place as the annual meeting of stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.9in">(b)
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;SPECIAL MEETINGS.
Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman of the Board, the President or two or more directors and may
be held at any time and place, within or without the State of Delaware. The Secretary of the Corporation or the officer or one of the
directors calling the meeting shall give notice of the time and place of any special meeting of directors to each director.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.9in">(c)
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;NOTICE. Notice, if required, shall be given by (i) giving notice to such director in person or by
telephone, facsimile, electronic transmission or voice message system at least twenty-four (24) hours in advance of the meeting,
(ii) delivering written notice by hand, to his or her last known business or home address at least twenty-four (24) hours in advance
of the meeting, or (iii) mailing written notice to his or her last known business or home address at least three (3) days in advance
of the meeting. Notice of any meeting of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof need not be given to any director who shall
submit, either before or after the time stated therein, a waiver of notice in writing or by electronic transmission or who shall
attend the meeting, other than for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning thereof to the transaction of any business
because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. A notice or waiver of notice of a meeting of the Board of Directors, if
required, need not specify the purpose or purposes of the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 7.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;QUORUM AND
ADJOURNMENT. Except as may be otherwise specifically provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, at all meetings
of the Board of Directors, a majority of the entire Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and the
act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the Board of Directors. If a
quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the Board of Directors, the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time
to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present. If the place, date and time of the new
meeting are not announced at the adjourned meeting, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to all directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 8.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;ACTION WITHOUT
A MEETING. Unless otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken
at any meeting of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all the members of the Board of Directors
or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and the writing or writings or transmission
or transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee. Such filing shall be in paper form
if the minutes are maintained in paper form and in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 9.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;MEETINGS BY
OTHER METHODS OF COMMUNICATION. Directors or any member of any committee designated by the Board of Directors, may participate in a meeting
of the Board of Directors or such committee by means of a telephone conference or other communications equipment by means of which all
persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting pursuant to this Section 9 shall constitute presence
in person at such meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 10. &#8239;&#8239;&#8239;DIVIDENDS.
To the extent permitted by law, the Board of Directors shall have full power and discretion, subject to the provisions of the Certificate
of Incorporation and the terms of any other corporate document or instrument binding upon the Corporation, to determine what, if any,
dividends or distributions shall be declared and paid or made.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 11.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;COMMITTEES. The Board of Directors may designate one or more committees to serve at the pleasure of
the Board; each committee shall consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation, with such lawfully delegated powers and
duties as the Board of Directors shall therefore confer. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate
members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or
disqualification of a member of a committee, if no alternate member has been designated by the Board of Directors, the member or
members present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint
another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of the absent or disqualified member. Any committee, to
the extent allowed by law and provided in the resolution establishing such committee, shall have and may exercise all the powers and
authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">At all meetings of such committee,
a majority of its members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. The act of the committee members present at any meeting
at which there is a quorum shall be the act of such committee. Each committee shall keep regular minutes and report to the Board of Directors
when required. Except as the Board of Directors may otherwise determine, any committee may make rules for the conduct of its business,
but unless otherwise provided by such rules, its business shall be conducted as nearly as possible in the same manner as is provided in
these Bylaws for the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 12.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;COMPENSATION
OF DIRECTORS. Each director who is not an employee or officer of the Corporation or its subsidiaries, may be paid such compensation for
their services as such and such reimbursement for expenses of attendance at meetings as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 13.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;INTERESTED
DIRECTORS. No contract or transaction between the Corporation and one or more of its directors or officers, or between the Corporation
and any other corporation, partnership, association, or other organization in which one or more of its directors or officers are directors
or officers, or has a financial interest, shall be void or voidable solely for this reason, or solely because the director or officer
is present at or participates in the meeting of the Board of Directors or committee thereof which authorizes the contract or transaction,
or solely because his or her votes are counted for such purpose if (i) the material facts as to his or her relationship or interest and
as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the Board of Directors or the committee, and the Board of Directors or
committee in good faith authorizes the contract or transaction by the affirmative votes of a majority of the disinterested directors,
even though the disinterested directors be less than a quorum; (ii) the material facts as to his or her relationship or interest and as
to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the shareholders entitled to vote thereon, and the contract or transaction
is specifically approved in good faith by vote of the shareholders; or (iii) the contract or transaction is fair to the Corporation as
of the time it is authorized, approved or ratified, by the Board of Directors, a committee thereof or the shareholders. Interested directors
may be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a meeting of the Board of Directors or of a committee, which authorizes the
contract or transaction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">ARTICLE IV&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">OFFICERS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 1.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;GENERAL. The officers of the Corporation may include the Chairman of the Board, a Chief Executive
Officer, a President, a Secretary, a Treasurer, a Chief Operating Officer, a Chief Financial Officer, and such other officers as may
be appointed by the Board of Directors, including, but not limited to, a Vice Chairman, a General Counsel, one or more Vice
Presidents, one or more Assistant Vice Presidents, one or more Assistant Secretaries, one or more Assistant Treasurers, one of more
Controllers, and one or more Assistant Controllers. The same person may hold any number of offices unless otherwise prohibited by
law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws. Officers shall be entitled to such compensation or reimbursement as shall be
fixed or allowed from time to time by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;TERM, RESIGNATION
AND REMOVAL. The officers of the Corporation shall be appointed by the Board of Directors and shall hold office for such terms and shall
exercise and perform such duties as shall be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors, and all officers shall hold office
until their successors are chosen and qualified, unless a different term is specified in the vote appointing him or her, or until their
earlier death, resignation or removal. Any officer may resign by delivering his or her resignation in writing or by electronic transmission
to the Corporation at its principal office or to the President or Secretary of the Corporation. Such resignation shall be effective upon
receipt unless it is specified to be effective at some other time or upon the happening of some other event. Any officer may be removed
at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors subject to any contractual rights
held by such officer. The Board of Directors shall fill any vacancy occurring in any office of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 3.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;OTHER OFFICERS.
Such other officers as the Board of Directors may appoint shall perform such duties and have such powers as from time to time may be assigned
to them by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may delegate to any other officer of the Corporation the power to choose such
other officers and to prescribe their respective duties and powers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 4.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;AUTHORITY AND
DUTIES OF OFFICERS. All officers of the Corporation shall have such authority and perform such duties in the management of the business
of the Corporation as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors and, to the extent not so provided, as generally pertain
to their respective offices, subject to the control of the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">ARTICLE V</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">CAPITAL STOCK</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 1.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;CERTIFICATES.
The shares of stock of the Corporation shall be represented by certificates, provided that the Board of Directors may provide by resolution
or resolutions that some or all of any class or series of the Corporation&rsquo;s stock shall be uncertificated, and in such case, the
Board of Directors shall designate any procedures applicable to such uncertificated shares. Any certificates representing shares of stock
shall be in such form as the Board of Directors shall prescribe, certifying the number and class of shares of stock owned by the stockholder.
The Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the President and the Treasurer or the Secretary of the Corporation shall sign
each certificate in the name of the Corporation. Any or all signatures on the certificate may be facsimile signatures. In case any officer,
transfer agent or registrar whose signature or facsimile signature appears on a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer
agent or registrar before the certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if such person were such
officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;LOST CERTIFICATES.
The Corporation may issue a new certificate or certificates in place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the Corporation
alleged to have been lost, stolen, or destroyed, upon such terms and conditions as the Board of Directors may prescribe for the protection
of the Corporation or any transfer agent or registrar; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, if such shares have ceased to be certificated, no new certificate
shall be issued unless requested in writing by such stockholder and the Board of Directors has determined that such certificates may be
issued. Unless otherwise determined by an officer of the Corporation, the owner of such lost, destroyed, or stolen certificate or certificates
shall be required, as a condition precedent to the issuance of a new certificate, certificates or uncertificated shares, to present reasonable
evidence of such loss, theft or destruction and give such indemnity, not to exceed double the value of the stock, as a condition precedent
to the issuance of the new certificate, certificates, or uncertificated shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 3.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;TRANSFERS.
A written restriction on the transfer of shares of the Corporation pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws, applicable
securities laws or any agreement among any number of shareholders or among such holders and the Corporation may be enforced against the
holder of such shares or any successor or transferee of the holder if permitted by applicable law and noted conspicuously on the certificate
representing such shares or, in the case of uncertificated shares, contained in a notice sent by the Corporation to the registered owner
of such shares within a reasonable time after the issuance or transfer of such shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Except as otherwise established
by rules and regulations established by the Board of Directors, and subject to applicable law, shares of stock may be transferred on the
books of the Corporation by the surrender to the Corporation or its transfer agent of the certificate representing such shares properly
endorsed or accompanied by a written assignment or power of attorney properly executed, and with such proof of authority or authenticity
of signature as the Corporation or its transfer agent may reasonably require, or, with respect to uncertificated shares, by delivery of
duly executed transfer instructions or in any other manner permitted by law. Except as may be otherwise required by law, the Certificate
of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the Corporation shall be entitled to treat the record holder of stock as shown on its books as the owner
of such stock for all purposes, including the payment of dividends and the right to vote with respect to such stock, regardless of any
transfer, pledge or other disposition of such stock, until the shares have been transferred on the books of the Corporation in accordance
with the requirements of these Bylaws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">ARTICLE VI</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">GENERAL PROVISIONS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 1.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;FISCAL YEAR.
The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be as specified by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;CORPORATE SEAL.
The corporate seal, if one is adopted, shall be in such form as shall be approved by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 3.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;VOTING SHARES IN OTHER BUSINESS ENTITIES. Except as the Board of Directors may otherwise designate,
shares or equity interests in other corporations or business entities that are held by the Corporation shall be represented and
voted only by the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or a proxy appointed by any of them.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 4.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;CONTRACTS.
Any officer having the power to sign certificates, contracts, obligations and other instruments of the Corporation may delegate such power
to any other officer or employee of the Corporation, provided that the delegating officer shall be accountable for the actions of that
officer or employee to whom power was delegated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 5.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;OBLIGATIONS.
All checks and drafts on the Corporation&rsquo;s bank accounts and all bills of exchange and promissory notes, and all acceptances, obligations,
bonds and other orders or instruments for the payment of money, shall be signed by such officer, employee, or agent, as shall be authorized
from time to time by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may, in its discretion, also provide for the countersignature or registration
of any or all such orders, instruments or obligations for the payment of money.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 6.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;EVIDENCE OF
AUTHORITY. A certificate by the Corporate Secretary as to any action taken by the stockholders, directors, a committee or any officer
or representative of the Corporation, shall as to all persons who rely on the certificate in good faith be conclusive evidence of such
action.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 7.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;SEVERABILITY.
Any determination that any provision of these Bylaws is for any reason inapplicable, illegal or ineffective shall not affect or invalidate
any other provision of these Bylaws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 8.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;FACSIMILE SIGNATURES.
In addition to the provisions for use of facsimile signatures elsewhere specifically authorized by these Bylaws, facsimile signatures
of any officer or officers of the Corporation maybe used whenever and as authorized by the Board of Directors or a committee thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 9.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;PLURAL. As
contained in these Bylaws, references to the singular shall include the singular and the plural.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 10. &#8239;&#8239;&#8239;ELECTRONIC
TRANSMISSION. For purposes of these Bylaws, &ldquo;electronic transmission&rdquo; means any form of communication, not directly involving
the physical transmission of paper, that creates a record that may be retained, retrieved, and reviewed by a recipient thereof, and that
may be directly reproduced in paper form by such a recipient through an automated process.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">ARTICLE VII</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">INDEMNIFICATION</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 1.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;INDEMNIFICATION.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.9in">(a)
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Subject to Section 3 of this Article VII, the Corporation shall indemnify, to the full extent that it
shall have power under applicable law to do so and in a manner permitted by such law, any person made or threatened to be made a
party to any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, or
investigative (hereinafter, a &ldquo;Proceeding&rdquo;), by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of
the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of Corporation as a director or officer of another corporation, partnership,
joint venture, trust, or other enterprise, including service with respect to an employee benefit plan (collectively, &ldquo;Another
Enterprise&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The Corporation
may indemnify, to the full extent that it shall have power under applicable law to do so and in a manner permitted by such law, any person
made or threatened to be made a party to any Proceeding, by reason of the fact that such person is or was an employee or agent of the
Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as an employee or agent of Another Enterprise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 2.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;ADVANCEMENT
OF EXPENSES.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.9in">(a)
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Subject to Section
3 of this Article VII, with respect to any person made or threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending, or completed Proceeding,
by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation
as a director or officer of Another Enterprise, the Corporation shall pay the expenses (including attorneys&rsquo; fees) incurred by such
person in defending any such Proceeding in advance of its final disposition (hereinafter an &ldquo;advancement of expenses&rdquo;); PROVIDED,
HOWEVER, that any advancement of expenses shall be made only upon receipt of an undertaking (hereinafter an &ldquo;undertaking&rdquo;)
by such person to repay all amounts advanced if it shall ultimately be determined by final judicial decision from which there is no further
right to appeal (hereinafter a &ldquo;Final Adjudication&rdquo;) that such person is not entitled to be indemnified for such expenses
under this Article VII or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.9in">(b)
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;With respect to
any person made or threatened to be made a party to any Proceeding, by reason of the fact that such person is or was an employee or agent
of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as an employee or agent of Another Enterprise, the Corporation
may, in its discretion and upon such terms and conditions, if any, as the Corporation deems appropriate, pay the expenses (including attorneys&rsquo;
fees) incurred by such person in defending any such Proceeding in advance of its final disposition.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 3.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;ACTIONS INITIATED
AGAINST THE CORPORATION. Anything in Section 1(a) or Section 2(a) of this Article VII to the contrary notwithstanding, with respect to
a Proceeding initiated against the Corporation by a director or officer of the Corporation (or by a person serving at the request of the
Corporation as a director or officer of Another Enterprise), the Corporation shall not be required to indemnify or to advance expenses
(including attorneys&rsquo; fees) to such person in connection with prosecuting such Proceeding (or part thereof) or in defending any
counterclaim, cross-claim, affirmative defense, or like claim of the Corporation in such Proceeding (or part thereof) unless such Proceeding
was authorized by the Board of Directors of the Corporation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 4.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;CONTRACT RIGHTS. With respect to any person made or threatened to be made a party to any Proceeding,
by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of
the Corporation as a director or officer of Another Enterprise, the rights to indemnification and to the advancement of expenses
conferred in Sections 1(a) and 2(a) of this Article VII shall be contract rights. Any amendment, repeal, or modification of, or
adoption of any provision inconsistent with, this Article VII (or any provision hereof) shall not adversely affect any right to
indemnification or advancement of expenses granted to any person pursuant hereto with respect to any act or omission of such person
occurring prior to the time of such amendment, repeal, modification, or adoption (regardless of whether the Proceeding relating to
such acts or omissions is commenced before or after the time of such amendment, repeal, modification, or adoption).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 5.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;CLAIMS.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.9in">(a)
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;If (X) a claim
under Section 1(a) of this Article VII with respect to any right to indemnification is not paid in full by the Corporation within sixty
days after a written demand has been received by the Corporation or (Y) a claim under Section 2(a) of this Article VII with respect to
any right to the advancement of expenses is not paid in full by the Corporation within twenty days after a written demand has been received
by the Corporation, then the person seeking to enforce a right to indemnification or to an advancement of expenses, as the case may be,
may at any time thereafter bring suit against the Corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.9in">(b)
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;If successful
in whole or in part in any suit brought pursuant to Section 5(a) of this Article VII, or in a suit brought by the Corporation to recover
an advancement of expenses (whether pursuant to the terms of an undertaking or otherwise), the person seeking to enforce a right to indemnification
or an advancement of expenses hereunder or the person from whom the Corporation sought to recover an advancement of expenses, as the case
may be, shall be entitled to be paid by the Corporation the reasonable expenses (including attorneys&rsquo; fees) of prosecuting or defending
such suit.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.9in">(c)
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;In any suit brought
by a person seeking to enforce a right to indemnification hereunder (but not a suit brought by a person seeking to enforce a right to
an advancement of expenses hereunder), it shall be a defense that the person seeking to enforce a right to indemnification has not met
any applicable standard for indemnification under applicable law. With respect to any suit brought by a person seeking to enforce a right
to indemnification or right to advancement of expenses hereunder or any suit brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses
(whether pursuant to the terms of an undertaking or otherwise), neither (i) the failure of the Corporation to have made a determination
prior to commencement of such suit that indemnification of such person is proper in the circumstances because such person has met the
applicable standards of conduct under applicable law, nor (ii) an actual determination by the Corporation that such person has not met
such applicable standards of conduct, shall create a presumption that such person has not met the applicable standards of conduct or,
in a case brought by such person seeking to enforce a right to indemnification, be a defense to such suit.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.9in">(d)
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;In any suit brought
by a person seeking to enforce a right to indemnification or to an advancement of expenses hereunder, or by the Corporation to recover
an advancement of expenses (whether pursuant to the terms of an undertaking or otherwise), the burden shall be on the Corporation to prove
that the person seeking to enforce a right to indemnification or to an advancement of expenses or the person from whom the Corporation
seeks to recover an advancement of expenses is not entitled to be indemnified, or to such an advancement of expenses, under this Article
VII or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 6.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;NON-EXCLUSIVE
RIGHTS. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided in this Article VII shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights
to which any person may be entitled under any bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors, or otherwise, both as
to action in such person&rsquo;s official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office, and shall continue
as to a person who has ceased to be such director, officer, employee, or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors,
and administrators of such person.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 7.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;INSURANCE. The
Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee, or agent of the Corporation,
or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee, or agent of Another Enterprise against any liability
asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person&rsquo;s status as such, whether
or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under the provisions of this Article VII or
otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Section 8.
&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;SEVERABILITY.
If any provision or provisions of this Article VII shall be held to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable for any reason whatsoever: (1)
the validity, legality, and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Article VII (including, without limitation, each portion
of any paragraph or clause containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable, that is not itself held to be
invalid, illegal, or unenforceable) shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby; and (2) to the fullest extent possible, the
provisions of this Article VII (including, without limitation, each such portion of any paragraph or clause containing any such provision
held to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable) shall be construed so as to give effect to the intent manifested by the provision held
invalid, illegal, or unenforceable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">ARTICLE VIII</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">AMENDMENT</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Notwithstanding anything contained
in the Certificate of Incorporation to the contrary, the Board of Directors is expressly authorized to adopt, alter, amend or repeal the
Bylaws of the Corporation by affirmative vote of a majority of the directors present at any regular or special meeting of the Board of
Directors at which a quorum is present. Any Bylaws made by the directors under the powers conferred hereby may be altered, amended or
repealed by the directors or by the stockholders. Pursuant to Article VII of the Certificate of Incorporation, Sections 3, 9, 10 and 13
of Article II herein and Sections 2, 3 and 5 of Article III herein shall not be altered, amended or repealed and no provision inconsistent
therewith shall be adopted without the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the voting power of the shares of capital
stock of the Corporation issued and outstanding and entitled to vote, voting together as a single class.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#8239;</P>

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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>txrh-20230223_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.22.4</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140591021426080">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 23, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Feb. 23,  2023<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate', window );">Current Fiscal Year End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">--12-27<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">000-50972<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">TEXAS
ROADHOUSE, INC.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001289460<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">20-1083890<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">6040
    Dutchmans Lane<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Louisville<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">KY<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">40205<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">502<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">426-9984<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common
    Stock, par value $0.001 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">TXRH<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
