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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements present the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows of the Company. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

As of December 31, 2024 and December 26, 2023, we owned a majority interest in 19 and 20 company restaurants, respectively. The operating results of these majority-owned restaurants are consolidated and the portion of income attributable to noncontrolling interests is recorded in the line item net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in our consolidated statements of income.

As of December 31, 2024 and December 26, 2023, we owned a 5.0% to 10.0% equity interest in 20 domestic franchise restaurants. These unconsolidated restaurants are accounted for using the equity method. Our investments in these unconsolidated affiliates are included in other assets in our consolidated balance sheets, and our percentage share of net income earned by these unconsolidated affiliates is recorded in the line item equity income from investments in unconsolidated affiliates in our consolidated statements of income.

Fiscal Year

We utilize a 52 or 53 week accounting period that typically ends on the last Tuesday in December. We utilize a 13 week accounting period for quarterly reporting purposes, except in years containing 53 weeks when the fourth quarter contains 14 weeks. Fiscal year 2024 was 53 weeks in length and fiscal years 2023 and 2022 were 52 weeks in length. In fiscal year 2024, the additional week increased restaurant and other sales by $114.7 million and increased net income by approximately 5% in our consolidated statements of income.

Use of Estimates

We have made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reporting of revenue and expenses during the period to prepare these consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the valuation of property and equipment, goodwill, lease liabilities and right-of-use assets, obligations related to insurance reserves, legal reserves, income taxes, and gift card breakage and fees. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are defined as components of a company that engage in business activities from which it may earn revenue and incur expenses, and for which separate financial information is available and is regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM") to assess the performance of the individual segments and make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segments. The Company’s operating segments have been identified in accordance with the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") ASC 280, Segment Reporting, as amended by ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosure.

We have identified Texas Roadhouse, Bubba’s 33, Jaggers, and our retail initiatives as separate operating segments. In addition, we have identified Texas Roadhouse and Bubba’s 33 as reportable segments. For further discussion of segment reporting, refer to Note 19.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid debt instruments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents also include receivables from credit card companies as these balances are highly liquid in nature and are settled within two to three business days. These amounted to $49.4 million and $27.8 million at December 31, 2024 and December 26, 2023, respectively.

Receivables

Receivables consist principally of amounts due from retail gift card providers, certain franchise restaurants for reimbursement of labor costs, pre-opening, and other expenses, and franchise restaurants for royalties and advertising fees.

Receivables are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The allowance for doubtful accounts is our best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in our existing accounts receivable. We determine the allowance based on historical collection experience, adjusted for current and forecasted economic conditions and other factors such as credit risk or industry trends, and the age of receivables. We review our allowance for doubtful accounts quarterly. Past due balances over 120 days are reviewed individually for collectability. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.

Inventories

Inventories, consisting principally of food, beverages, and supplies, are valued at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments are capitalized while expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is computed on property and equipment, including assets located on leased properties, over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the related assets or the underlying lease term using the straight-line method. In most cases, assets on leased properties are depreciated over a period of time which includes both the initial term of the lease and one or more option periods.

The estimated useful lives are:


Land improvements		10 - 25 years
Buildings and leasehold improvements		10 - 25 years
Furniture, fixtures and equipment		3 - 10 years

The cost of purchasing transferable liquor licenses through open markets in jurisdictions with a limited number of authorized liquor licenses are capitalized as indefinite-lived assets and included in Property and equipment, net.

Cloud Computing Arrangements

The Company capitalizes cloud computing implementation costs and amortizes these costs on a straight-line basis over the term of the related service agreement, including renewal periods that are reasonably certain to be exercised. Capitalized cloud computing implementation costs were $5.9 million and $3.0 million, net of accumulated amortization, as of December 31, 2024 and December 26, 2023, respectively. These costs are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets in our consolidated balance sheets. Related amortization expense was $3.9 million, $1.4 million, and $1.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, December 26, 2023, and December 27, 2022, respectively, and is included in general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of income.

Leases

We recognize operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities for real estate leases, including our restaurant leases and Support Center lease, as well as certain restaurant equipment leases based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. At lease inception, we include option periods that we are reasonably certain to exercise in the lease term. To determine if an option is reasonably certain to be exercised, we analyze the economic penalties that would be imposed from a failure to renew a lease, including the loss of our investment in leasehold improvements or the loss of future cash flows. We estimate the present value of lease payments based on our incremental borrowing rate which considers our estimated credit rating for a secured or collateralized instrument and corresponds to the underlying lease term. In addition, operating lease right-of-use assets are reduced for accrued rent and increased for any initial direct costs recognized at lease inception. For real estate and restaurant equipment leases commencing in 2019 and later, we account for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. Reductions of the right-of-use asset and the changes in the lease liability are included within the changes in operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities in our consolidated statements of cash flows.

Certain of our operating leases contain predetermined fixed escalations of the minimum rent over the lease term. For these leases, we recognize the related total rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We may receive rent concessions or leasehold improvement incentives upon opening a restaurant that is subject to a lease which we consider when determining straight-line rent expense. We also may receive rent holidays, which would begin on the possession date and end when the store opens, during which no cash rent payments are typically due under the terms of the lease. Rent holidays are included in the lease term when determining straight-line rent expense.

Certain of our operating leases contain clauses that provide for additional contingent rent based on a percentage of sales greater than certain specified target amounts. We recognize contingent rent expense as variable rent expense prior to the achievement of the specified target that triggers the contingent rent, provided achievement of the target is considered probable. In addition, certain of our operating leases have variable escalations of the minimum rent that depend on an index or rate. For these leases, we recognize operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities based on the index or rate at the commencement date. Any subsequent changes to the index or rate are recognized as variable rent expense when the escalation is determinable.

Sale-leasebacks are transactions through which we sell previously acquired land at fair value and subsequently enter into a lease agreement on the same land. The resulting lease agreement is evaluated to determine classification as an operating or finance lease and is recorded based on the lease classification. Refer to Note 8 for further discussion of leases.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of cost over fair value of assets of businesses acquired. In accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other ("ASC 350"), goodwill is not subject to amortization and is evaluated for impairment on an annual basis, or sooner if an event or other circumstance indicates that goodwill may be impaired. The annual assessment date is the first day of our fourth quarter.

ASC 350 requires that goodwill be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level, or the level of internal reporting that reflects the way in which an entity manages its businesses. A reporting unit is defined as an operating segment, or one level below an operating segment. Our goodwill reporting units are at the concept or operating segment level.

As stated in ASC 350, an entity may first assess qualitative factors in order to determine if it is necessary to perform the quantitative test. In 2024 and 2023, we elected to perform a qualitative assessment for our annual review of goodwill. This review included evaluating factors such as macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, changes in management or key personnel, sustained decreases in share price, and the overall financial performance of the Company’s reporting units at the concept level. As a result of the qualitative assessment, no indicators of impairment were identified, and no additional indicators of impairment were identified through the end of the fiscal year that would require additional testing.

In 2024, 2023, and 2022, we determined there was no goodwill impairment. Refer to Note 7 for additional information related to goodwill and intangible assets.

Other Assets

Other assets consist primarily of deferred compensation plan assets, capitalized cloud computing implementation costs, investments in unconsolidated affiliates, and deposits. For further discussion of the deferred compensation plan, refer to Note 15 and Note 16.

Impairment or Disposal of Long-lived Assets

In accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment, long-lived assets to be held and used in the business, such as property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets, and intangible assets subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. For the purposes of this evaluation, we define the asset group at the individual restaurant level. When we evaluate the restaurants, cash flows are the primary indicator of impairment.

Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the restaurant to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the restaurant. Under our policies, trailing 12- month cash flow results under a predetermined amount at the individual restaurant level signals potential impairment. In our evaluation of restaurants that do not meet the cash flow threshold, we estimate future undiscounted cash flows from operating the restaurant over its remaining useful life, which can be for a period of over 20 years. In the estimation of future cash flows, we consider the period of time the restaurant has been open, the trend of operations over such period, and future periods and expectations of future sales growth. Assumptions about important factors such as the trend of future operations and sales growth are limited to those that are supportable based upon the plans for the restaurant and actual results at comparable restaurants.

If the carrying amount of the restaurant exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the estimated fair value of the assets. We generally measure fair value by discounting estimated future cash flows. When fair value is measured by discounting estimated future cash flows, the assumptions used are consistent with what we believe hypothetical market participants would use. We also use a discount rate that is commensurate with the risk inherent in the projected cash flows. The adjusted carrying amounts of assets to be held and used are depreciated over their remaining useful life. Refer to Note 17 for further discussion of amounts recorded as part of our impairment analysis.

Insurance Reserves

We self-insure a significant portion of expected losses related to employee health, workers’ compensation, general liability, employment practices liability, cybersecurity, and property claims. This includes our wholly-owned captive insurance company which covers certain lines of coverage. We use third-party insurance with varying retention levels to limit our exposure to significant losses.

We record a liability for unresolved claims and for an estimate of incurred but not reported claims based on historical experience. The estimated liability is based on a number of assumptions and factors regarding economic conditions, the frequency and severity of claims, and claim development history and settlement practices. Our assumptions are reviewed, monitored, and adjusted when warranted by changing circumstances.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which requires an entity to allocate the transaction price received from customers to each separate and distinct performance obligation and recognize revenue as these performance obligations are satisfied. We recognize revenue from company restaurant sales when food and beverage products are sold. Restaurant sales include gross food and beverage sales, net of promotions and discounts, for all company restaurants. Sales taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and therefore are excluded from restaurant sales in the consolidated statements of income.

We record deferred revenue for gift cards that have been sold but not yet redeemed. When the gift cards are redeemed, we recognize restaurant sales and reduce deferred revenue. For some of the gift cards that are sold we have determined that, based on our historic gift card redemption patterns, the likelihood of redemption is remote. For these gift cards, we record a breakage adjustment as a component of restaurant and other sales in the consolidated statements of income and reduce deferred revenue by the amount never expected to be redeemed. We use historic gift card redemption patterns to determine the breakage rate to utilize and recognize the expected breakage amount in a manner generally consistent with the actual redemption pattern of the associated gift card. We review the breakage rate on an annual basis, or sooner if circumstances indicate that the rate may have significantly changed and update the rate as needed. In addition, we incur fees on all gift cards that are sold through third-party retailers. These fees are also deferred and generally recorded consistent with the actual redemption pattern of the associated gift cards and are recorded as a component of restaurant and other sales in the consolidated statements of income.

We also recognize revenue from our franchising of Texas Roadhouse and Jaggers restaurants. This includes franchise royalties and domestic marketing and advertising fees, initial and upfront franchise fees, domestic and international development agreements, and supervisory and administrative service fees. We recognize franchise royalties and domestic marketing and advertising fees as franchise restaurant sales occur. For initial and upfront franchise fees and fees from development agreements, because the services we provide related to these fees do not contain separate and distinct performance obligations from the franchise right, these fees are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the associated franchise agreement. We recognize fees from supervision and administrative services as incurred.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, under which deferred assets and liabilities are recognized based upon anticipated future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying values of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. We recognize both interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits as part of income tax expense. A valuation allowance is established to reduce the carrying value of deferred tax assets if it is considered more likely than not that such assets will not be realized. Any change in the valuation allowance would be charged to income in the period such determination was made. For all years presented, no valuation allowances have been recorded.

Advertising

We have a domestic system-wide marketing and advertising fund. We maintain control of the marketing and advertising fund and, as such, have consolidated the fund’s activity for all the years presented. Domestic company and franchise restaurants are required to remit a designated portion of sales to the advertising fund. Advertising contributions related to company restaurants are expensed as incurred and recorded as a component of other operating costs in our consolidated statements of income. Advertising contributions received from our franchisees are recorded as a component of franchise royalties and fees in our consolidated statements of income. The associated advertising expenses are recorded as incurred within general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of income.

Other costs related to local restaurant area marketing initiatives are included in other operating costs in our consolidated statements of income. These costs and the company restaurant advertising contribution amounted to $31.8 million, $28.3 million, and $25.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, December 26, 2023, and December 27, 2022, respectively.

Pre-opening Expenses

Pre-opening expenses, which are charged to operations as incurred, consist of expenses incurred before the opening of a new or relocated restaurant and consist principally of opening team and training team compensation and benefits, travel expenses, rent, food, beverage, and other initial supplies and expenses.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that we would receive to sell an asset or pay to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This includes a three-level hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs in measuring fair value. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability on the measurement date.


Level 1	Inputs based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.
Level 2	Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the assets, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3	Inputs that are unobservable for the asset.

Fair value measurements are separately disclosed by level within the fair value hierarchy. Refer to Note 16 for further discussion of fair value measurement.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosure. This ASU primarily provides enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses including requiring segment disclosures to include a description of other segment items by reportable segment and any additional measures of a segment’s profit or loss used by the CODM when deciding how to allocate resources. The ASU also requires all annual disclosures currently required by Topic 280 to be included in interim periods as well as the title of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure of segment profit or loss in assessing performance and allocating resources. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. We adopted this guidance during the fourth quarter of the 2024 fiscal year and provided additional detail and disclosures in our segment reporting disclosures. Refer to Note 19 for further discussion of segment reporting.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This ASU primarily provides enhanced disclosures about an entity’s income tax including requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of the information included in the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025. We are currently assessing the impact of this new standard on our income tax disclosures and expect to provide additional detail and disclosures under this new guidance.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This ASU primarily provides enhanced disclosures about the components of expenses within the income statement including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. We are currently assessing the impact of this new standard on our disclosures and expect to provide additional detail and disclosures under this new guidance.