Restructuring and Other

The Company recorded restructuring and other charges as follows:



	2016		2015		2014
Asset impairments and sales	$	14	$	22	$	70
Restructuring	12		23		21
Transaction costs	—		15		17
Other costs	18		6		21
	$	44	$	66	$	129

In 2016, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $9 to write down the carrying value of fixed assets and $3 for termination benefits related to the announced closure of a beverage can plant in the Company's Asia Pacific segment. The Company announced plans to close the plant in an effort to reduce cost by consolidating manufacturing processes in China. The Company had $9 of additional restructuring actions across various segments as summarized in the table below. Other costs primarily related to pension settlement charges.

In 2015, asset impairments and sales and restructuring primarily related to the closure of two plants in the Company's North America Food segment and two plants in its European Food segment. Transaction costs related to the acquisition of Empaque.

In 2014, asset impairments and sales included charges of $44 related to the divestment of certain operations in connection with the Company's acquisition of Mivisa and $24 related to the divestment of certain operations in the Company's European Specialty Packaging business. Transaction costs were incurred in connection with the acquisitions of Mivisa and Empaque. Other costs primarily included incremental costs associated with the temporary relocation of production due to a labor dispute in the Company's Americas Beverage segment.

Restructuring charges by segment were as follows:



	2016		2015		2014
Americas Beverage	$	1	$	—	$	—
North America Food	4		2		10
European Food	4		19		8
Asia Pacific	3		—		—
Non-reportable segments	—		—		3
Corporate	—		2		—
	$	12	$	23	$	21

Restructuring charges by type were as follows:



	2016		2015		2014
Termination benefits	$	9	$	20	$	8
Other exit costs	3		3		13
	$	12	$	23	$	21

2015 European Division Actions

Through December 31, 2016, the Company incurred costs of $19 related to the closure of two facilities in the Company's European Food segment. The closures are expected to reduce costs by eliminating excess capacity and consolidating manufacturing processes.

This action is expected to result in the reduction of approximately 280 employees when completed in 2017. The Company does not expect to incur any additional charges related to this action.

The table below summarizes the termination benefits accrual balances and utilization by cost type for this action. There were no other exit costs.



	Termination benefits			Other exit costs			Total
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	17		$	—		$	17
Provisions	—			3			$	3
Payments	(6		)	(3		)	$	(9	)
Foreign currency translation	(2		)	—			$	(2	)
Releases	(1		)	—			$	(1	)
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	8		$	—		$	8

Other Actions

At December 31, 2016, the Company had an additional restructuring accrual of $11, primarily related to current year actions in the European Food business and prior year actions to reduce manufacturing capacity and headcount in its European Aerosol and Specialty Packaging businesses. The Company expects to pay the European Aerosol and Specialty Packaging liability through 2024 as certain employees have elected to receive payment as a fixed monthly sum over future years. The Company continues to review its supply and demand profile and long-term plans in its businesses, and it is possible that the Company may record additional restructuring charges in the future.