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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Components of Income Before Income Taxes and Equity Earnings
The components of income before income taxes were as follows: 
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
U.S.
$
(3
)
 
$
18

 
$
83

Foreign
772

 
621

 
438

 
$
769

 
$
639

 
$
521

Provision for Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes consisted of the following: 
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
Current tax:
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. federal
$
(1
)
 
$
6

 
$
11

State and foreign
171

 
147

 
113

 
$
170

 
$
153

 
$
124

Deferred tax:
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. federal
$
19

 
$
12

 
$
30

State and foreign
(3
)
 
13

 
(111
)
 
16

 
25

 
(81
)
Total
$
186

 
$
178

 
$
43


Schedule of U.S. Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate to Pre-tax Income
The provision for income taxes differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate to pre-tax income as a result of the following items:
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
U.S. statutory rate at 35%
$
269

 
$
224

 
$
182

Tax on foreign income
(88
)
 
(74
)
 
(67
)
Valuation allowance
(14
)
 
21

 
(70
)
Tax contingencies
11

 
13

 
(1
)
Non-deductible impairment charges

 

 
18

Tax law changes
3

 
4

 
(17
)
Other items, net
5

 
(10
)
 
(2
)
Income tax provision
$
186

 
$
178

 
$
43

Components of Deferred Taxes
The components of deferred taxes at December 31 are: 
 
2016
 
2015
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
Tax loss and credit carryforwards
$
480

 
$

 
$
535

 
$

Postretirement and postemployment benefits
63

 

 
65

 

Pensions
220

 
62

 
223

 
38

Property, plant and equipment
17

 
150

 
19

 
167

Intangible assets

 
128

 

 
158

Asbestos
128

 

 
132

 

Accruals and other
125

 
78

 
131

 
98

Valuation allowances
(225
)
 

 
(241
)
 

Total
$
808

 
$
418

 
$
864

 
$
461

Schedule of Tax Loss and Credit Carryforwards Expiration
Tax loss and credit carryforwards expire as follows:
Year
 
Amount

2017
 
$
5

2018
 
21

2019
 
30

2020
 
44

2021
 
48

Thereafter
 
253

Unlimited
 
79

Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits
A reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits follows: 
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
Balance at January 1
$
28

 
$
26

 
$
31

Additions for prior year tax positions
13

 
13

 

Lapse of statute of limitations
(2
)
 

 
(1
)
Settlements
(12
)
 
(9
)
 

Foreign currency translation

 
(2
)
 
(4
)
Balance at December 31
$
27

 
$
28

 
$
26